译林版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage 课时作业（含答案）

Unit 1　Nature in the balance
　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.单词拼写
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.Listening passively to others' complaints could damage your 　　　(形象) and give others the impression that you agree with them.
2.On the whole so far, 　　　(全球的) green spending does not match the severity of the three planetary crises—climate change, nature loss and pollution.
3.You can be involved in any manner;even volunteering for an 　　　(组织) can help you be more social.
4.“The market is 　　　(完全地) dead this morning,” said one foreign exchange trader.
5.This is the important thing you can do to keep a conversation on t　　　.
6.After that the student has to present a written a　　　 to continue in the program.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
come up with;call for;spring to mind;sign up;be willing to;lock up
1.Some local schools 　　　　　　use their own money to support the soccer project.
2.We have been asked 　　　　　　some new ideas.
3.Jack wanted 　　　　　　for the school basketball team, hoping that one day he could become a professional basketball player.
4.Remember 　　　　　　your bicycle when you leave it near the subway station.
5.With COVID-19 cases surging, some experts 　　　　　　widespread school closures.
6.If any other questions 　　　　　　, don't hesitate to contact me.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.However, the physical suffering did not stop him 　　　　(dream) of a career in science.
2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses 　　　　are built close to each other.
3.While 　　　　(play) with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
4.You shouldn't go to his party unless 　　　　(invite).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我想明天我能修好它,如果不行,你只好等到周五了。
I think I can fix it tomorrow. 　　　　　　, you'll have to wait till Friday.
2.球员中有NBA的杰出明星林书豪。
　　　　　　　　　　　　NBA's outstanding star Lin Shuhao.
3.我们没东西吃的日子一去不复返了。
　　　　　　the days when we had nothing to eat.
4.毫无疑问,教育对我们的发展有着深远的影响。
There is no doubt that education 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our development.
5.我以前没有去过纽约,简也没去过。
I haven't been to New York before and 　　　　　　　　　.
6.——我更喜欢第一版。
——我们也是。
—I prefer the first version.
— 　　　　　　　　　.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
It is said　1　 in the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals have gone extinct. Maybe a question springs 　2　 your mind:what is responsible for it Recently environmental scientists have done a piece of research 　3　(show) that in fact, human beings have 　4　 greatest impact on animal populations.
In order to get delicious food from animals, some people hunt and fish. Even some people hunt animals for fashion or for fun,　5　 has had damaging effects on the world's animal numbers.
　6　 the human population increasing, we take up more land to build cities, which destroys animal habitats and leaves many animals with nowhere 　7　 (live), or no food to eat. Due to pollution 　8　(cause) by human activities, some animals' populations 　9　 (drop) greatly. As the human population continues to grow, 　10　 does the effect we have on animals.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021湖南三湘名校教育联盟高一下期中)
As we all know, trees are always stationary: they stay more or less where you plant them, and no one worries about finding a tree wandering around a park or a backyard.
However, there is one special exception, some say:the so-called walking palm tree (棕榈树) was found in the rainforests of Central and South America. Many people believe it can really walk around. This is due to its unusual root system: while most trees have one trunk, the palm breaks into many smaller roots a few feet off the ground, giving it the appearance of many little legs.
The amazing walking ability of the palm tree has always been told by rainforest guides to tourists for years, and appears in many sources of documents as an amazing plant adaptation. As journalist Sherry Seethaler writes in her book Curious Folks Ask 2:“Screenwriters searching for the perfect B-movie (小成本电影) plant hero could take inspiration from the walking palm. The tree slowly walks from shade to sunlight by growing new roots toward the light.”
A tree that walks in search of the sun is a fascinating, strange story. And it's not true either; the tree is real enough, but it doesn't walk. It sits where it began to grow, not moving except under the force of wind or an axe.
Biologist Gerardo Avalos is one of the world's top experts on the Socratea exorrhiza. His analysis of the plant and its roots shows that the walking tree can't walk because its roots don't move. A few roots on one side or another may die off, but the trunk itself remains, well, rooted to the spot.
“My paper proves that the belief of the walking palm is just a myth,” Avalos said. “That a palm tree could actually track the sunlight changes by moving slowly over the forest floor is a myth that tourist guides find amusing to tell visitors to the rainforest.”
1.What does the underlined word “stationary” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Not standing. B.Not moving.
C.Not growing. D.Not dying.
2.Why do people think the so-called walking palm tree can walk around
A.It has no roots underground.
B.It appears to have several trunks.
C.It grows a few feet off the ground.
D.It appears to have many little legs.
3.What can we learn about the palm tree from the passage
A.It wanders around the rainforest at night.
B.It grows in Central and North America.
C.It is a popular attraction among visitors.
D.It grows well in the shade of the rainforests.
4.What does biologist Gerardo Avalos believe
A.The palm tree cannot actually walk at all.
B.The palm tree can move its roots.
C.The palm tree cannot track the sunlight.
D.The palm tree cannot keep its trunk growing.
B
(2021江苏百校高一下第二次联考)
The Earth is losing some of its major freshwater supplies. But the water is not in lakes or rivers. They are called “aquifers(含水层)”. Some aquifers are so deep that water from very heavy rains cannot reach them through all the rock and dirt.
Many aquifers provide irrigation(灌溉) water for crops. The freshwater is helping farmers in many countries. But a new report says some aquifers are being emptied. Irrigated agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent of freshwater use worldwide. A growing part of that comes from underground aquifers because of dry weather or farmers' growing crops in areas with little rainfall.
But researchers say taking water from aquifers is creating a large problem. Scientists warn that there is not much that can be done to repair them. It is difficult to measure ground-water and to know how much water there is and where it is, because it is so deep underground. The water from these aquifers may not be replaced for hundreds of years.
The report says some countries use the most non-renewable groundwater for agricultural production. If China and India use up the groundwater they need to feed their populations, they would be forced to buy more food. This increased demand could cause food prices to rise.
The study shows that, while countries like Somalia are dealing with little rainfall, the world may someday face an underground drought. It's a global issue. We don't have any great solutions or strategies to deal with this. So, at least, we need to have discussions to come up with new ways, new strategies that recognize this problem and manage how we might adjust our policies. Any strategy must balance the short-term need for food with the long-term survival of the Earth's aquifers.
5.Why is it tough to recover underground water
A.More water is drawn than it is added.
B.Researchers have no way to know about it.
C.Underground is too deep for rainwater to reach.
D.There are more areas with little rainfall around the world.
6.What's the final result of the disappearance of underground water
A.Food will become more expensive.
B.More people in the world will be fed on.
C.It is harder to discover underground water.
D.There will be less rainfall due to dry weather.
7.How does the author feel when stating the fact in the text
A.Amazed. B.Concerned.
C.Subjective. D.Calm.
8.What may be the best title for the text
A.It's Time to Stop Using Underground Water!
B.To Save Underground Water Is Everyone's Duty
C.The Earth's Underground Water Is Being Emptied
D.Man Is the Main Reason for the Lack of Underground Water
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021山东曲阜一中高一下4月月考)
Tips for Green Travel with Kids
Traveling doesn't mean letting go of all the eco-friendly choices we work so hard to achieve in our daily life. Here are a few tips for green travel with kids:
Booking nonstop flights whenever possible will reduce carbon emissions (碳排放). If the closest local airport doesn't have nonstop flights to a certain place, check other local airports to see if nonstop flights are available. 　1　
Whether you're flying or driving, it's easy when traveling to pull into fast food restaurants for snacks. 　2　 My kids love to help plan snacks. I let them create their own snacks for the trip at home.
　3　 At the airport, keep your reusable bottles empty until you have passed through the security checkpoint (安检关卡). Fill them up on the other side of the security checkpoint. Single-use plastic water bottles create unnecessary waste and the plastic can be harmful to your health.
　4　 Open a few windows and turn off the air conditioner (空调). You should also help your children keep their good, green habits from home to the place while traveling. Sometimes vacation can mean more than one shower each day—once in the morning and again after getting out of the pool. Pay attention to the number of showers and the length of showers. 　5　
A.Walking is good for your health.
B.Try to cut back to save water and energy.
C.But you can pack healthy food from home.
D.Traveling is a great chance to introduce your kids to the world.
E.Reusable water bottles are easy to bring along wherever you travel.
F.Save energy by turning off the hotel room lights when you head out for the day.
G.You might have to drive a bit further, but saving on carbon emissions makes it worthwhile.
1. 　　　　2. 　　　　3. 　　　　4. 　　　　5. 　　　
参考答案与解析
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.1.image　2.global　3.organization　4.absolutely　5.track　6.application
Ⅱ.1.are willing to　2.to come up with　3.to sign up　4.to lock up　5.called for　6.spring to mind
Ⅲ.1.dreaming　考查动名词。固定搭配:stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事。故填dreaming。 句意:然而,身体上的病痛并没有阻止他对科学事业的梦想。
2.which/that　考查定语从句的关系词。分析可知空格处是定语从句的关系词且在从句中作主语,先行词为物,故填which或that。句意:这个老城区有狭窄的街道和盖得很近的小房子。
3.playing　考查状语从句的省略。分析可知逗号前是状语从句的省略形式,其完整形式为While he was playing with his children outdoors,省略了he was,故填playing。句意:和他的孩子们在户外玩的时候,这位父亲感到非常高兴。
4.invited　考查状语从句的省略。分析可知his party后是状语从句的省略形式,其完整形式为unless you are invited, 省略了you are,故填invited。句意:除非受到邀请,否则你不应该去参加他的聚会。
Ⅳ.1.If not　2.Among the players was　3.Gone are　4.has a deep effect on　5.neither has Jane　6.So do we
Ⅴ.1.that　考查连词。固定句型:It is said that...据说……It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,故填that。句意:据说在过去的500年里,有300多种动物灭绝了。
2.to　考查介词。固定短语:spring to one's mind某人突然想起。故填to。句意:也许你会想一个问题:是什么造成了这种情况
3.showing　考查现在分词。分析可知空格处一直到句末这部分作定语修饰名词research,动词show与名词research之间是逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词,故填showing。句意:最近环境科学家做了一项研究,该研究表明,事实上,人类对动物种群的影响最大。
4.the　考查冠词。形容词最高级前需用定冠词,故填the。句意同上题。
5.which　考查定语从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句的内容,故填which。句意:甚至有些人猎杀动物是为了时尚或娱乐,这对世界上的动物的数量产生了破坏性的影响。
6.With　考查介词。分析可知,此处是with的复合结构,故填With。 句意:随着人口的增长,我们占据了更多的土地来建设城市,这破坏了动物的栖息地,使许多动物没有生存的地方,或没有吃的食物。
7.to live　考查不定式。根据后面的or no food to eat可知空格处应用不定式,故填to live。句意同上题。
8.caused　考查过去分词。空格处为非谓语动词作定语,pollution与cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填caused。句意:因为人类活动造成的污染,一些动物的数量大幅下降。
9.have dropped　考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知,空格处是句子的谓语,此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时;主语some animals' populations是复数,故填have dropped。句意同上题。
10.so　考查副词。空格后采用了倒装语序,由语境可知此处表达的是肯定意思,表示“……也……”,故填so。句意:随着人口数量的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断扩大。
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.A
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们认为中美洲和南美洲的热带雨林的棕榈树会行走,而研究人员发现其根本不能行走。
1.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段画线词后面they stay more or less where you plant them, and no one worries about finding a tree wandering around a park or a backyard可知,树木总是静止不动的。从而猜测stationary为“静止的,不动的”之意。故选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句This is due to its unusual root system: while most trees have one trunk, the palm breaks into many smaller roots a few feet off the ground, giving it the appearance of many little legs.可知,人们认为这种棕榈树能行走,是因为分裂的根看起来像许多小腿。故选D。
3.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句The amazing walking ability of the palm tree has always been told by rainforest guides to tourists for years, and appears in many sources of documents as an amazing plant adaptation. 可推断,“会行走的”棕榈树在游客中很受欢迎。故选C。
4.A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二、三句His analysis of the plant and its roots shows that the walking tree can't walk because its roots don't move. A few roots on one side or another may die off, but the trunk itself remains, well, rooted to the spot.可知,棕榈树实际上根本不能行走。故选A。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了目前全球存在地下蓄水层正在被掏空的问题,我们需要讨论想出新方法、新策略。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Some aquifers are so deep that water from very heavy rains cannot reach them through all the rock and dirt. 可知含水层很深,雨水很难到达,故选C。
6.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句If China and India use up the groundwater they need to feed their populations, they would be forced to buy more food. This increased demand could cause food prices to rise.可知用光地下水会导致食物价格上涨,故选A。
7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句It's a global issue. We don't have any great solutions or strategies to deal with this.可推测,作者在文章中陈述现状时是担忧的, 故选B。
8.C　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了地球的地下蓄水层正在被掏空的问题,故选C。
Ⅱ.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了几点绿色出行的建议。
1.G　根据上文If the closest local airport doesn't have nonstop flights to a certain place, check other local airports to see if nonstop flights are available.可知,如果最近的本地机场没有直飞某个地方的航班,请看看当地其他机场是否有直达航班。此处承接上文,讲的还是关于搭乘直达航班这一话题,G项中的a bit further与上文中的closest 相呼应,故选G。
2.C　根据下文My kids love to help plan snacks. I let them create their own snacks for the trip at home.可知,此处讲的是关于准备旅行零食方面的内容,说明可以自己在家制作零食,故选C。
3.E　根据下文At the airport, keep your reusable bottles empty until you have passed through the security checkpoint (安检关卡). Fill them up on the other side of the security checkpoint. 可知,此处讲的是关于旅行中自备水瓶的内容。故选E。
4.F　根据下文Open a few windows and turn off the air conditioner (空调).可知,此处讲的是关于节约用电方面的内容,故选F。
5.B　根据上文Pay attention to the number of showers and the length of showers.可知,此处讲的是节约用水。故选B。