2022中考英语备考：语法专题--现在完成时难点解析（pdf版）

现在完成难点解析
for与 sInce
当句中有“for+段时间”或" sInce+点时间”等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是
延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)
for+一段时间
have been here for2 weeks.我到这里两周了
He' s studied English for17 years.他学习英语已经17年了
2.snce+表示过去某一时间的时间点
have been here since3 years ago.三年前我就来这里了
have been here since I graduated in1988.从1988年毕业后我就来这里了
温馨提示】 sInce也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外, sInce前也可加上ever,以
加强语气。
is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了
have been here(ever) since I graduated in2015.自从2015年毕业后我就来这
儿了
对for或 sInce引导的时间状语提问必须用 how long,不能用when
How long have you lived here 你住在这里多久了
have lived here for10 years.我住在这里10年了
短暂性动词与延续性动词详解
短暂性动词:表示动作一开始马上就结束,不能延续,也叫非延续性动词或终止性
动词
常用的词有: begin开始;cose关,关闭; finish完成,结束;hear听,听到,听说;lend
借给;mary结婚,嫁,娶φopen打开put放; reelⅳe收到,接收;sel卖,推销; start开始,
出发;stop停止,终止等
短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的for, sInce或 how long等状语连用,但在否定句
中,有时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
We haven t heard from Jane for a long time.我们好久没有收到简的信了。(但是不可
ie We have heard from Jane for a long time.
2.延续性动词:指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间。
常用的词有:have有;ie居住,生活;rain下雨; sleep睡觉; study学习wait等
候Wok工作等。
延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用
have already waited for Tom for two hours.我已经等汤姆两个小时了
3.短暂性动词与延续性动词间的转换
leave-be away (from); come/go (to)-be (in /at); arrive (in/at)-be(in
/ at); get (to)-be(in /at); reach-be(in /at ) buy-have; borrow-keep finish-be
over; join-be in / be a member of; start begin-be on; die-be dead; close--be closed
open--be open; return-be back; marry-be married; come back-be back; finish-be
over; fall ill-be ill(sick ) wake up-be awake; fall asleep-be asleep; lose, leave-be
gone/lost/ mIssing等
He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世两年了。
he film has been on for5 minutes.电影已经开始五分钟了
le have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学习英语已经三年