Unit 2 Improving yourself Developing ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. headlines in the local press 当地报纸的头版头条新闻
2. the fashion district of New York 纽约的时尚地区
3. necessities of life 生活必需品
4. the last item on the list 清单上最后一件商品
5. an expert in finance 一名金融专家
6. invest heavily in public transport 大力投资公共交通
7. a grand vision for the country 一个国家的宏伟构想
8. weigh the evidence objectively 客观地权衡这个证据
9. equip the army with modern weapons 用现代化武器装备军队
10. hit the nail on the head 一针见血(钉钉子的头部)
11. economy grows unprecedentedly 经济空前地增长
12. her speech and her manner likewise upset me
她的演讲和举止同样令我心烦
13. a lifelong friend of ours 我们一生的朋友
14. use plenty of soap and water 用大量的肥皂和水
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. I’d politely remind them it’s not permitted, and that they should be considerate of (体谅) others.
2. A school in our city came up with (提出) an innovative programme to promote the traditional values.
3. Each, however, is faced with (面对) the same question: what to do with their money
4. Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out (刷爆) their parents’ credit cards on games or other online activities.
5. In contrast to (和……对比) these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money.
6. For those who have no access to (无法接触) courses, help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely.
7. It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of (控制) what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest or give
8. The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for (对……负责) your own happiness.
9. Although this could likewise involve putting aside (存储) money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself.
10. Whether you want to help out a friend, give money to an animal charity or to children in another country, it’s your money to give to whatever cause you believe in (信任).
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. This is what his room looked like (他房间的样子) yesterday morning.
2. To begin with, the school introduced an activity called the “unsupervised examination” (叫作“无监督考试”的) for some of the classes.
3. However people intend to use their money (不管人们打算怎样用他们的钱), managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations.
4. Jerry’s birthday present to his grandchildren is, however, much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them the opportunity to learn lifelong values (学习终生价值).
5. While the Spending jar is about the here and now (虽然消费罐是关于此时此地的), the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
ValuableValues teens’ problem What to do with their money (1)max out their parents’ credit cards
take courses in personal (2)finances
Khloe Thompson’sKare Bags 1. for the (3)homeless people2. toothpaste, soap and socks3. with her pocket money
Jerry’s Jars theSpendingjar 1. (4)responsible for your own happiness2. give you (5)independence and the opportunity to buy something you like
theSavingjar 1. give you a vision for the (6)future2. save for university 3. save for that (7)special something
theInvestingjar 1. represent a vision for the future2. (8)build for the future
theGivingjar 1. about (9)kindness and helping2. give your (10)money to whoever
the aim of the jars encourage teenagers to think more (11)objectively about money
understand the value of the valuable
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What does the writer want to prove with the example of Khloe
A. The homeless are usually ashamed of themselves.
B. Spending money correctly isn’t related to the age.
C. Using pocket money wisely is important for teens.
D. A human being shouldn’t lack necessities.
(2)Which jar is concerned about the present time
A. The Giving jar. B. The Investing jar.
C. The Saving jar. D. The Spending jar.
(3)What special value do you learn from the Investing jar
A. You are able to buy whatever you like.
B. You are free to give your money to others.
C. You have chances to create your future.
D. You have a vision for the future.
(4)What does the phrase “investing in yourself” mean
A. Equipping yourself with financial knowledge.
B. Spending money on something as you like.
C. Saving money for your own future life.
D. Earning more money for yourself.
(5)Why did Jerry give his grandchildren four jars
A. Teach them about the true value of things.
B. Give them a valuable lifelong present.
C. Collect money as much as possible.
D. Understand the value of saving money.
答案: (1)～(5)BDCAA
2. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 对于那些没参加过课程(培训)的人来说, 帮助可能就在手边, 这多亏了Jerry Witkovsky和他用四个罐子教会了青少年如何明智地花钱的方法。
译文: 无论你是想帮助朋友、把钱捐给动物慈善机构还是把钱送给国外的小孩, 你把钱花在了你所信仰的事业上。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. Which jar do you think is the most important Why (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
The Investing jar. Because it involves getting ready for your future and meantime it will make you equipped with more knowledge of finance, so you will be able to manage your money wisely in your future life.
2. What lesson do you learn from the passage (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
As a teen, we should know that it is difficult for our parents to earn money. Therefore, it is wrong for us to spend money unwisely, such as buying too many clothes or being particular about food. In addition, we need to develop a wise way of managing our pocket money, so that we will be able to spend it on what it should be spent.
要点精研·探究学习
1. considerate adj. 替他人着想的; 考虑周到的
*I’d politely remind them it’s not permitted, and that they should be considerate of others.
我会礼貌地提醒他们, 这是不允许的, 他们应该替别人着想。
*(2018 浙江高考)Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
做一个好邻居要有替别人着想的行为。
*He is considerate about this matter.
他在这个问题上考虑周到。
*Levine took parents’ education into consideration when designing her experiment.
莱文在设计实验时考虑了父母的教育。
【词块积累】
(1)be considerate of 替……着想
be considerate about 对……考虑周到
(2)consideration n. 体谅; 思考
take. . . into consideration 考虑……
【知识拓展】
(1)consider v. 考虑; 体谅
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider sb. / sth. (to be/ as) sb. / sth. 认为某人/某物是……
*I first considered writing to him, but then decided to go and see him. 我起先考虑给他写信, 但后来决定去看他。
*(2019 江苏高考)He considered it an honor.
他认为这是一种荣誉。
(2)considerable adj. 重要的; 值得考虑的
*He is a considerable person in that college.
他是那所学院相当重要的人物。
语法填空
(1)He is considerate of old people.
(2)She’s a very considerate (consider) and caring person.
(3)He showed no consideration (considerate) for his wife.
(4)Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging your examination results.
【补偿训练】 语法填空
(1)We are considering building (build) a library here.
(2)I consider it to be (be) a great honor to be invited to dinner.
(3)Your work shows considerable (consider) improvement.
2. promote v. 促进, 增进
*(2021·天津高考)In addition to practical skills, Pruitt’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.
除了实践技能, 普鲁伊特的课程还教授团队合作, 鼓励自我价值, 并增进团体感。
*He has been promoted to general manager.
他已被提升为总经理。
*He was in town to promote his new book.
他要在城里推销自己的新书。
*They worked hard for the promotion of world peace.
他们为促进世界和平而努力。
*This year’s sales promotions haven’t been very successful.
今年的推销活动不是很成功。
【词块积累】
(1)promote sb. to sb. / sth. 提升某人为……
sb. be promoted to sth. 某人被提升为……
(2)promotion n. 促进; 提升; 促销
sales promotion 促销
语法填空
(1)The boss promoted him to a higher rank for his successful work.
(2)He will soon be promoted (promote) to the position of director.
(3)There are good chances of promotion (promote) in this firm.
3. in contrast to与……形成对比
*In contrast to the city life, time seems to pass slowly in the country. 与城市生活相比, 在乡村时间似乎过得慢。
*Have you ever heard of the contrast between the fox and the hedgehog(刺猬) 你听说过狐狸和刺猬的差异吗
*You may contrast this book with another one.
你可以把这本书和另外一本对照一下。
*She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well.
她考试差点不及格, 而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
【词块积累】
(1)contrast (between A and B) 对比(A和B之间)
by contrast 相比之下
(2)contrast (A and/with B) 对比/对照(A和B)
contrast (with sth. ) (靠近或作比较时)显出明显的差异, 形成对比
【知识拓展】
contrary adj. 相反的
①be contrary to 与……相反
②on the contrary 恰恰相反
语法填空
(1)In contrast to this, a “young” culture lies in America.
(2)He is studying a cultural contrast between America and Britain.
(3)By contrast, you will cherish this feeling.
(4)This colour contrasts well with green.
(5)He contrasted his son with the boy next door.
【补偿训练】 语法填空
(1)My sister’s taste in dresses is contrary to my own.
(2)He is not selfish; on the contrary, he is very noble and generous.
4. equip v. 使有知识和技能, 使能够胜任
*In this way, they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have. 通过这种方式, 他们在成年生活中将能够更好地做出明智的选择, 来决定如何使用他们所拥有的钱。
*Your training will equip you for your future job.
你的训练将使你有能力胜任未来的工作。
*Most parents want to equip their children with a good education. 大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。
*Every classroom in this modern school is equipped with a new computer. 这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备了一台新电脑。
【词块积累】
①equip的过去式、过去分词均为equipped, 现在分词为equipping。
②equipment是不可数名词, 表示“一件设备”可用“a piece of equipment”。
语法填空
(1)The company has bought a lot of new equipment(equip) since the new manager came to power.
(2)Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
(3)We must equip the army for the modern war.
5. On receiving a Kare Bag, one woman said, “You make me feel like a human being. ”
一位女士在收到一个卡雷包时说: “你让我觉得自己是个人。”
【句式解构】
句中On receiving a Kare Bag是on/ upon doing sth. 短语作时间状语, 意为“一……就……”。
*On/ Upon arriving at the hotel, she called her mother.
=On/ Upon arrival at the hotel, she called her mother.
=As soon as she arrived at the hotel, she called her mother.
一到旅馆, 她就给母亲打了电话。
on doing sth. 是介词短语, 在句子中作时间状语, 意为“一……就……”, 其中on可以换成upon或将doing换为名词, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
一句多译
On/ Upon arriving at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.
= On/ Upon arrival at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.
=As soon as they arrived at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.
这些大学生一到村子就去帮助农民干活。
6. It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest or give 从那时起, 他的孙子孙女们开始控制他们收到的钱的用途: 消费、储蓄、投资还是给予
【句式解构】
本句是强调句型: It is/ was+ 被强调的部分 + that. . . , 本句中被强调的部分是时间状语from then on。
*(2018 天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客座位上的莉莉。
*It was only the two passengers that/ who got hurt.
只有那两个乘客受伤了。
*It was the English book that I bought yesterday.
昨天我买的就是这本英语书。
强调句结构
“It is/ was+ 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who. . . ”句型是英语常用的强调句结构, 对句子中的某个部分进行强调。被强调部分指人时, 用that/ who; 指事物时用that。
【知识拓展】
1. ①陈述句的强调句型
It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who+ 其他部分。
*It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
他是昨天遇到李平的。
②一般疑问句的强调句型
把陈述句中的is/ was提到it前面。
*Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping
他是昨天遇到李平的吗
③特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分
*When and where was it that you were born
你是何时何地出生的
④not. . . until. . . 句型的强调句
句型为: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。
*普通句: He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
*强调句: It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来, 他才上床睡觉。
注意:
此句型只用until, 不用till。但如果不是强调句型, till, until可通用; 因为句型中It is/ was not. . . 已经是否定句了, that后面的从句要用肯定句, 切勿再用否定句。
2. 如何判断强调句型
强调句将句子中的it is / was. . . that同时省去, 句子仍然成立。
①It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为: You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立, 因此句子是强调句型。
②It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.
我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为: We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误, 因此, 句子不是强调句型, 而是主语从句。
语法填空
(1)It was on Monday night that all this happened.
(2)It was what he said that disappointed me.
(3)It was (be) because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
【补偿训练】 语法填空
(1)Was it the musician that/ who I saw last night at the concert
(2)Why is it that she is not so healthy as she used to be
(3)It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him.
【要点拾遗】
1. appropriate adj. 恰当的, 合适的
*You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time.
在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。
*Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.
剧院老板埃德·布拉德福说他选这部电影, 是因为它看起来很合适。
*It is not easy to choose clothes which are appropriate to your beautiful figure.
选择与你漂亮的体型相称的服装是不容易的。
*It wouldn’t be appropriate for me to comment on it.
我不宜对此加以评论。
*He was appropriately dressed.
他穿着得体。
【词块积累】
(1)be appropriate for/ to. . . 适合……
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地
语法填空
(1)Would a camera be an appropriate present for a ten-year-old child
(2)Jeans are not appropriate for/ to a formal party.
(3)Try to dress appropriately (appropriate) for each occasion.
2. clarify v. 澄清, 讲清楚, 阐明
*These brief remarks may serve to clarify the fact.
这些简要的评论可以澄清事实。
*Would you please clarify your question
请你把你的问题说清楚好吗
*In this context I will like to make a clarification.
关于这一点, 我想澄清一下。
【词块积累】
clarify rights and wrongs 澄清是非
clarification n. 澄清, 阐明
make a clarification 澄清一下
(1)The teacher’s explanation clarified the puzzling problem.
老师的解释澄清了困扰的问题。
(2)He issued a statement to clarify the situation.
他发表了一项声明以澄清情况。
语法填空
(3)It is time for the clarification (clarify) of the situation.
3. max out (钱)花光; (信用卡)刷爆
*Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents’ credit cards on games or other online activities.
最近的头条新闻已经看到越来越多的青少年把他们父母的信用卡刷爆用于游戏或其他在线活动。
*The car maxed out at the 150 mph.
汽车达到了每小时150英里的最快速度。
*She believes in living life to the max.
她认为人应当尽量活得充实。
【词块积累】
to the max 最高程度地; 最大数量地
语法填空
(1)The movie that we saw last night was boring to the max.
(2)The weight lifter from an African country maxed out at 200 kilograms.
4. necessity n. 必需品
*Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. 袋子里装着生活必需品, 如牙膏、肥皂和袜子, 开始是用她的零花钱买的, 然后是群众集资。
*Water is of vital necessity in the desert.
在沙漠地区水是必不可少的。
*It is necessary for me to finish my homework before seven o’clock. 我必须在7点以前完成作业。
*If necessary, please warehouse the goods.
如有必要, 请将该货存入仓库。
【词块积累】
(1)of necessity 必然, 不可避免地
(2)necessary adj. 必要的; 必然的
be necessary for 对……是必要的
if necessary 如有必要
(1)You must understand the necessity of education.
你必须懂得教育的必要性。
(2)There is no necessity to buy tickets in advance.
没有必要提前买票。
(3)Patience and understanding are necessary for a teacher of infants.
耐心和理解是幼儿教师必不可少的。
(4)If necessary, I’ll go there again.
如有必要, 我会再去那里的。
5. This could involve saving for university, but it could also mean saving for that special something you’ve seen in the stores—it’s up to you.
这可能包括为上大学存钱, 但也可能意味着为你在商店里看到的特别的东西存钱——这取决于你。
【句式解构】
本句you’ve seen in the stores是省略关系代词that的定语从句, 修饰不定代词something。
*For this delivery job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
对于这个递送的工作, 你要意识到在那个箱子里你拥有的是有可能挽救别人生命的东西。
*This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
这种作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而被医学界发起的趋势已经有了一些非计划的副作用, 如超重和心脏病——这正是医学界正在努力对抗的事情。
*I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.
我就我在国外所见到的人和事做了报告。
*This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.
这是我用过的最好的词典。
*Which is the course that we are to take
我们选哪门课程
定语从句中只用that的五种情况
①当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时: much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等;
②当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时;
③当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时;
④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时;
⑤当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who, which, 要避免重复时。
(1)Have you got everything (that) you need
你需要的东西都有了吗
(2)The first thing (that) you should do is to work out a plan.
你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
(3)This is the only example (that) I know.
我知道的例子只有这一个。
(4)They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.
他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
(5)Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
穿着一件红色外套的女孩子是谁
6. The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future, but gives the opportunity to build for the future.
投资罐不仅代表了未来的愿景, 而且提供了为未来建设的机会。
【句式解构】
*Not only I but also Tom is fond of watching television.
不仅我, 而且汤姆也喜欢看电视。
*She likes not only music but also sport.
她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。
*The place was not only cold, but also damp.
那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。
*(2018 浙江高考)You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
你可能也开始注意到它不仅对你的健康有影响, 对你的口袋也有影响。
*(2019 全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
讨人喜欢不仅与积极的人生结果有关, 而且也会促使产生这些结果。
not only. . . but also. . . 所表达的意思是“不但……而且……”, 具体用法有:
①用于连接两个对等的成分; 若连接两个成分作主语, 其后谓语动词与靠近的主语在数上保持一致。
②not only. . . but also. . . 中的also通常可以省略, 或换成too, as well(要置于句末), 有时候甚至可以连but also一并省略掉。
③为了强调, 可将not only置于句首, 此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
【知识拓展】
连接两个相同性质的句子成分的结构, 若连接两个成分作主语, 其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
①neither. . . nor. . . 的用法
用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词, 用于否定两者, 其意为“既不……也不……”、“……和……都不”。如:
*Neither boys nor girls are interested in it.
男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。
*It’s neither too cold nor too hot.
天气既不太冷也不太热。
②either. . . or. . . 的用法
用于连接两个表示选择关系的名词或代词, 意为“要么……要么……”。如:
*Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。
*He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
*You can either go swimming or play tennis.
你可以去游泳也可以去打网球。
(1)I know not only English but also Russian.
我不仅懂英语, 而且懂俄语。
(2)The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
美国人和英国人不但语言相同, 而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
(3)Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
他们不但需要衣服, 而且还缺水。
【补偿训练】
(1)Mary neither likes maths nor history.
玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。
(2)You can either have tea or coffee.
你喝茶也行, 喝咖啡也行。
7. The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do, so that they grow up understanding, if you like, the value of the valuable. 这些罐子的更广泛的目的是鼓励青少年更加客观地思考金钱和它能做的事情, 换句话说, 这样他们长大后就可以理解有价值的东西的价值。
【句式解构】
本句中to encourage teenagers是一个动词不定式, 作表语。
(1)不定式作表语表示具体的动作或将来的动作。
(2)如果不定式作主语表示条件, 表语也应是不定式表示结果。
(3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词, 或以what引导的名词性从句, 不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。
(4)当主语是带有动词“do”的由“what”引导的主语从句时, 其表语的动词不定式符号“to”可以省略。
*What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立刻开始工作。
*To work means to earn a living. 工作就是为了谋生。
*The most important thing is to discuss with them about the future of the plant. 最重要的是和他们协商工厂的未来。
*What you have to do is fill in the form.
你必须要做的就是把表格填上。
(1)The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步是确保你确切地知道需要的是什么。
(2)What they want to do is have a good sleep.
他们想要做的就是好好睡一觉。
(3)My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。
(4)The thing for us to do is accept the challenge.
我们要做的事情就是接受挑战。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写读后感
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. After reading a book, an article, a few famous mottos, a piece of music or a video, we write the specific feeling and inspiration in a reflection, which is an important style of practical writing.
2. The story is about a boy who, with the help of his father, realizes his mistake and corrects it.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 特色表达
The background of the story There once was a little boy who had 1. a bad temper. His father asked him to hammer a nail into the back of the fence when he 2. lost temper.
The process of the story The 3. first day, the boy hammered 4. many nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, he hammered 5. fewer and fewer nails each day. Finally, he could hold his temper 6. all day. His father told him to 7. pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper.
The ending of the story Finally, 8. all the nails were pulled out by the boy, and the father told the boy that he did 9. well. But the harm to others because of 10. a bad temper was still there.
假如你是李华, 你的外教Mike上周要求学生们阅读《哈利·波特与火焰杯》, 并且写一篇读后感。
完成句子
1. 这个周末, 我读了《哈利·波特与火焰杯》。
This weekend, I read the book Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
2. 这绝对是值得记住的一本书。
It was definitely one to remember.
3. 这本书讲的主要是一场关于巫师之间的重要比赛。
This book is mainly about an important competition among wizards.
4. 在整个学年里, 这个比赛发生在霍格沃茨。
It took place at Hogwarts over the course of the school year.
5. 哈利参加了这场比赛。
Harry has entered into the contest.
6. 比赛中有许多曲折和变化, 使之成为相当冒险的比赛。
There are many twists and turns to make for quite the adventurous competition.
7. 他们遇到各种问题、悲剧、挑战和神秘的行为。
They meet problems, tragedies, challenges, and mysterious behavior.
8. 他们被迫去理解这些东西。
They are forced to make sense of them.
9. 总的来说, 这本书是迄今为止最好的一本《哈利·波特》丛书, 它非常好地描绘了巫师和霍格沃茨世界的虚构故事。
Overall, this is the best Harry Potter book yet and portrays the imaginary story of wizards and the world of Hogwarts extremely well.
句式升级
10. 用which构成非限制性定语从句, 合并1、2句。
This weekend, I read the book Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, which was definitely one to remember.
11. 用现在分词改写3、4句。
This book is mainly about an important competition among wizards taking place at Hogwarts over the course of the school year.
12. 用where引导定语从句改写5、6句。
Harry has entered into the contest where there are many twists and turns to make for quite the adventurous competition.
13. 用that引导定语从句改写7、8句。
They meet problems, tragedies, challenges, and mysterious behavior that they are forced to make sense of.
This weekend, I read the book Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, which was definitely one to remember.
This book is mainly about an important competition among wizards taking place at Hogwarts over the course of the school year. Harry has entered into the contest where there are many twists and turns to make for quite the adventurous competition. They meet problems, tragedies, challenges, and mysterious behavior that they are forced to make sense of.
Overall, this is, in my opinion, the best Harry Potter book yet and portrays the imaginary story of wizards and the world of Hogwarts extremely well. With the addition of new characters, the added romantic aspects, this book is truly a great one.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题词汇
①view 态度; 看法 ②specific 明确的; 特殊的
③idea 观点; 意见 ④feelings 感情
⑤fact 事实 ⑥concrete 具体的
⑦moved感动的
2. 话题句式
(1)开头句
①The story tells us about. . . 这个故事告诉我们……
②As the author puts it. . . 正如作者指出的……
③I feel that I have learned a lot from the book.
我感觉从书中获益良多。
④I learn what fortitude/confidence/. . . is by reading the book.
通过读这本书, 我学到了什么是坚韧/自信……
(2) 结尾句
①We should be friendly to our family and friends, according to the author, for they are the people who are always supporting and accompanying us. 按照作者的观点, 我们应该善待家人和朋友, 因为他们是一直支持和陪伴我们的人。
②I learn that I should never give up my dream, no matter how hard it is to come true. 我明白了永远不要放弃梦想, 不管它有多难实现。
③We should cherish what we own now and never let it go, or we would regret for a lifelong time, as the author told us in the book.
正如作者在文中所说, 我们应该珍惜我们现在所拥有的, 永远不要让它消失, 不然我们将会遗憾终生。
④We should realize who we are and what we want to be, from the leading character in the book.
我们应该像书中主角那样, 明白我们是谁, 我们想成为谁。
⑤What a wonderful and meaningful article it is!
这是一篇多么发人深省的好文章啊!
名著悦读·素养培优
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire(excerpt)
The villagers of Little Hangleton still called it “the Riddle House, ” even though it had been many years since the Riddle family had lived there. It stood on a hill overlooking the village, some of its windows boarded, tiles missing from its roof, and ivy spreading unchecked over its face. Once a fine-looking manor, and easily the largest and grandest building for miles around, the Riddle House was now damp, derelict, and unoccupied.
The Little Hangletons all agreed that the old house was “creepy. ” Half a century ago, something strange and horrible had happened there, something that the older inhabitants of the village still liked to discuss when topics for gossip were scarce. The story had been picked over so many times, and had been embroidered in so many places, that nobody was quite sure what the truth was anymore. Every version of the tale, however, started in the same place: Fifty years before, at daybreak on a fine summer’s morning when the Riddle House had still been well kept and impressive, a maid had entered the drawing room to find all three Riddles dead.
The maid had run screaming down the hill into the village and roused as many people as she could.
“Lying there with their eyes wide open! Cold as ice! Still in their dinner things! ”
The police were summoned, and the whole of Little Hangleton had seethed with shocked curiosity and ill-disguised excitement. Nobody wasted their breath pretending to feel very sad about the Riddles, for they had been most unpopular. Elderly Mr and Mrs Riddle had been rich, snobbish, and rude, and their grown-up son, Tom, had been, if anything, worse. All the villagers cared about was the identity of their murderer—for plainly, three apparently healthy people did not all drop dead of natural causes on the same night.
The Hanged Man, the village pub, did a roaring trade that night; the whole village seemed to have turned out to discuss the murders. They were rewarded for leaving their firesides when the Riddles’ cook arrived dramatically in their midst and announced to the suddenly silent pub that a man called Frank Bryce had just been arrested.
“Frank! ” cried several people. “Never! ”
Frank Bryce was the Riddles’ gardener. He lived alone in a run-down cottage on the grounds of the Riddle House. Frank had come back from the war with a very stiff leg and a great dislike of crowds and loud noises, and had been working for the Riddles ever since.
There was a rush to buy the cook drinks and hear more details.
“Always thought he was odd, ” she told the eagerly listening villagers, after her fourth sherry. “Unfriendly, like. I’m sure if I’ve offered him a cuppa once, I’ve offered it a hundred times. Never wanted to mix, he didn’t. ”
“Ah, now, ” said a woman at the bar, “he had a hard war, Frank. He likes the quiet life. That’s no reason to. . . ”
“Who else had a key to the back door, then ” barked the cook. “There’s been a spare key hanging in the gardener’s cottage far back as I can remember! Nobody forced the door last night! No broken windows! All Frank had to do was creep up to the big house while we were all sleeping. . . ”
The villagers exchanged dark looks.
《哈利·波特与火焰杯》是J. K. 罗琳创作的长篇小说, 是“哈利·波特”系列的第四部。这部作品主要讲述了哈利·波特在霍格沃茨魔法学校经过三年的学习和磨练, 逐渐成长为一个出色的巫师的故事。通过魁地奇世界杯和三强杯这两项国际赛事, 将魔法世界扩展到霍格沃茨和英格兰之外。这本书的主题是反对奴役家养小精灵和善良的巫师。
1. derelict adj. 抛弃的
2. creepy adj. (使人)毛骨悚然的; 怪异的
3. gossip n. 流言蜚语; 闲话
4. scarce adj. 缺乏的; 不足的; 稀少的; 罕见的
5. pick over 挑选
6. embroider v. 装饰
7. rouse v. 唤醒; 激起
8. summon v. 召唤; 召集
9. seethe v. 沸腾
10. snobbish adj. 势利的; 自命不凡的
11. plainly adv. 清晰地; 明显地
12. roaring adj. 喧哗的
13. midst n. 中间; 当中
14. stiff adj. 硬的; 僵直的
15. creep up 爬上去, 渐渐靠近
1. (语言能力)How did the villagers feel when hearing the death of Riddles
Happy.
2. (思维品质)What happened when the Riddles’ cook came to the pub
The pub became a dead silence suddenly.
3. (思维品质)What’s the attitude of the cook towards Frank
Unfriendly.
4. (文化意识)What would you do if you were a policeman to deal with the case
To find out the fact and then make a conclusion.
读后感悟:
译文:
《哈利·波特与火焰杯》(节选)
小汉格顿的村民们仍然把这座房子称为“里德尔府”, 尽管里德尔一家已经多年没在这里居住了。房子坐落在一道山坡上, 从这里可以看见整个村子。房子的几扇窗户被封死了, 房顶上的瓦残缺不全, 爬山虎张牙舞爪地爬满了整座房子。里德尔府原先是一幢很漂亮的大宅子, 还是方圆几英里之内最宽敞、最气派的建筑, 如今却变得潮湿、荒凉, 常年无人居住。
小汉格顿的村民们一致认为, 这幢老房子“怪吓人的”。半个世纪前, 这里发生了一件离奇而可怕的事, 直到现在, 村里的老辈人没有别的话题时, 还喜欢把这件事扯出来谈论一番。这个故事被人们反复地讲, 许多地方又被添油加醋, 所以真相到底如何, 已经没有人说得准了。不过, 故事的每一个版本都是以同样的方式开头的: 五十年前, 里德尔府还是保存完好、令人印象深刻的时候, 在一个晴朗夏日的黎明, 一个女仆走进客厅, 发现里德尔一家三口都气绝身亡了。
女仆一路尖叫着奔下山坡, 跑进村里, 尽量把村民们都唤醒。
“都躺着, 眼睛睁得大大的! 浑身冰凉! 还穿着晚餐时的衣服! ”
警察被叫来了, 整个小汉格顿村都沉浸在惊讶和好奇之中, 村民们竭力掩饰内心的兴奋, 却没有成功。没有人浪费力气, 假装为里德尔一家感到悲伤, 因为他们在村子里人缘很坏。老夫妇俩很有钱, 但为人势利粗暴, 他们已经成年的儿子汤姆, 说起来你也许不信, 竟比父母还要坏上几分。村民们关心的是凶手究竟是何许人。显然, 三个看上去十分健康的人, 是不可能在同一个晚上同时自然死亡的。
那天夜里, 村里的吊死鬼酒馆生意格外兴隆, 似乎全村的人都跑来谈论这桩谋杀案了。他们舍弃了家里的火炉, 并不是一无所获, 因为里德尔家的厨娘戏剧性地来到他们中间, 并对突然安静下来的酒馆顾客们说, 一个名叫弗兰克·布莱斯的男人刚刚被逮捕了。
“弗兰克! ”几个人喊了起来, “不可能! ”
弗兰克·布莱斯是里德尔家的园丁。他一个人住在里德尔府庭园里的一间破破烂烂的小木屋里。弗兰克当年从战场上回来, 一条腿僵硬得不听使唤, 并且对人群和噪音极端反感, 此后就一直为里德尔家干活。
酒馆里的人争先恐后地给厨娘买酒, 想听到更多的细节。
“我早就觉得他怪怪的, ”厨娘喝下第四杯雪利酒后, 告诉那些眼巴巴洗耳恭听的村民们, “冷冰冰的, 不爱搭理人。我相信, 如果我要请他喝一杯茶, 非得请上一百遍他才答应。他从来不喜欢跟人来往。”
“唉, 怎么说呢, ”吧台旁边的一个女人说, “弗兰克参加过残酷的战争。他喜欢过平静的生活, 我们没有理由……”
“那么, 还有谁手里有后门的钥匙呢 ”厨娘粗声大气地说, “我记得, 有一把备用钥匙一直挂在园丁的小木屋里! 昨晚, 没有人破门而入! 窗户也没有被打坏! 弗兰克只要趁我们都睡着的时候, 偷偷溜进大宅子……”
村民们默默地交换着目光。
PAGE
26Unit 2 Improving yourself Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. information security 信息安全
2. social media detox 社交媒体脱瘾
3. fundraising campaign 募捐运动
4. motivate his students 激励他的学生
5. occupy the time 占用时间
6. update our profiles 更新我们的概况
7. without being distracted by messages 不会被信息分散注意力
8. close the door on my childhood 关上我童年的大门
9. constantly checking my phone 经常地查看我的手机
10. the selfish teenager 自私的青少年
11. without access to social media 无法访问社交媒体
Ⅱ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的短语
1. What other tips are there to make full use of (充分利用) your time
2. Do you ever lose your temper with (对……发脾气) your family, friends, or classmates
3. On average (平均), Chinese Internet users each spend two hours a day on social media: a total of 730 hours each year.
4. There’s no problem here except that you forgot to switch on(打开) the machine.
5. On reflection (反思一下), we decided to change our plan.
6. Compared with men, women are more likely to be occupied with (忙于) childcare.
7. I’m now trying to spend less time online and more time picking up my hobbies (培养我的爱好).
8. I really felt I was missing out (错过机会).
9. I’m embarrassed to say that I threw in the towel(认输) on the first day!
10. We are grown-ups now; we can’t rely on(依靠) our parents for support.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media (使用社交媒体), in ANY form, for seven days.
2. And what, if anything(如果有的话), has been learnt from the experience
3. Not eating for two days (两天不吃饭) would have been easier!
4. It felt really strange not to already know (已经知道) what he had done.
5. It made me realise the value of real contact that I had forgotten (我忘了的).
1. 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
-tion后缀, 加在动词之后, 使之变为名词。
procrastinate v. → procrastination n. 拖延
motivate v. → motivation n. 激励
appreciate v. → appreciation n. 感激
connect v. → connection n. 连接
2. “v. + prep. /adv. ”构成的短语
rely on 依靠, 依赖
grow up 成长, 长大
give in 屈服, 让步
look for 寻找
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Social Media Detox
Introduction ▲The last day of the Social Media Detox▲Students stop (1)using social media for seven days▲They had been promised money
Anna 17 ★I lasted two days ★I’m now trying to spend less time (2)online
Devon 16 ◆I lasted four days◆It made me realise the (3)value of real contact
Cindy 18 I (4)managed the whole week I decided to visit a different friend every day
George 16 ▲I did all seven days▲The detox made me (5)healthier
Max 17 ■I threw in the towel on the first day■I then spent so much time (6)catching up on news
Conclusion ●The detox (7)raised a total of ￡1, 632. 82 for new school sports equipment●(8)Awareness of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it
2. What’s the main idea of this passage
The Social Media Detox—Brenton High’s fundraising campaign for new sports equipment meant a lot to students and its conclusion is satisfactory.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What is the aim of the Social Media Detox at Brenton High
A. To raise teens’ awareness of online safety.
B. To teach students to make money online.
C. To persuade teens not to use social media.
D. To collect money for sports equipment.
(2)What did Devon learn from the activity of the detox
A. The need to use social media for teens.
B. The negative effects of social media on teens.
C. The importance of communicating face to face.
D. The ability of memorizing things of the Internet.
(3)What does George think of the detox
A. It is a waste of time.
B. It is a piece of cake.
C. It is too hard to do.
D. It is a little tiring.
(4)What made Max feel embarrassed
A. Failing to attend the party.
B. Forgetting the place for the party.
C. Missing out the latest news.
D. Failing at the beginning of the detox.
(5)What advice may the moderator give to the teens
A. To do exercise by using sports equipment.
B. To avoid using social media too much.
C. To improve their skills of communication.
D. To realise that money isn’t everything.
答案: (1)～(5)DCBDB
2. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 我敢打赌, 你和我一样渴望知道到底有多少人有足够的动力坚持了整整七天!
译文: 我哥哥认为我应该充分利用没有手机的时间, 所以他带我去参观了我们当地的体育中心。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What do you think of the Social Media Detox Why (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
It is worthwhile for teens to have a try, because it will make them spend less time online and have more real contact in life.
2. Why do some people feel like losing an arm if not using social media (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
Because they rely on the social media to communicate with others too much.
要点精研·探究学习
1. persuade vt. 劝说, 说服, 使相信
*We persuaded him out of lending his money to that man.
我们劝他不要把他的钱借给那个人。
*We finally persuaded James of the wisdom of this decision.
我们最终使詹姆斯相信这个决定是明智的。
*We have to persuade the other countries that it is necessary to fight against COVID-19 together.
我们必须说服其他国家, 共同抗击新冠肺炎是必要的。
【词块积累】
persuade sb. to do sth. =persuade sb. into doing sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth.
=persuade sb. out of (doing)sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of sth. /that从句 使某人相信……
【名师点津】 “建议”“说服”不相同
persuade表示“说服”, 强调说服的结果; advise表示“劝说, 建议”, 对方不一定接受, 强调动作。劝说但不一定有效果应表述为: advise sb. to do sth. 或try to persuade sb. to do sth.
(1)语法填空
①I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting (accept) my idea. We did have a good time that day.
②He tried to persuade his son to study(study) hard, but failed.
(2)I could not persuade myself that this exciting moment would ever come.
我无法使自己相信这个激动人心的时刻会到来。
2. switch on打开; 接通
*With the detox now finished, they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online.
脱瘾现在结束后, 他们打开了设备, 又重新上网了。
*Switch off the TV before you go out. 你出门前把电视关掉。
*(2020·浙江高考)In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.
在贝尔维尤, 转向适应性信号灯在欣然接受新方法的好处方面给我们上了一课。
【词块积累】
make a switch 改变
switch off (用开关)关闭/切断(电流、气体等)
switch on 打开(开关); 接通(电流等)
switch (from. . . ) to. . . (从……)转变成……;
(从……)转换到……
switch sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物
语法填空
(1)He was so stubborn that he refused to make a switch.
(2)We asked them if they would switch places with us.
(3)Some students may forget to switch off the lights and fans in their classroom.
(4)Many people switch on the television simply to avoid boredom over the break.
3. motivate v. 激发, 激励
*I bet you’re as eager as I am to find out just how many have been motivated enough to last the full seven days!
我打赌你和我一样渴望知道, 到底有多少人有足够的动力坚持整整七天!
*How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你如何激励人们努力并高效地工作呢
*They are motivated by a need to achieve.
他们被成功的欲望所激励着。
*(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.
你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。
【词块积累】
(1)motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)be motivated by sth. 被某事物激励
(3)motivation n. 动机; 动力
语法填空
(1)(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve (achieve) the goal
(2)The crime appears to have been motivated (motivate) by hatred.
(3)(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)This is what motivation (motivate) or the lack of it can do.
4. occupy v. 占据, 占用(时间)
*But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
但仔细想想, 我可以看出自己有多少时间被查看手机占据了。
*He occupied himself with collecting stamps.
他忙于集邮。
*She needs things to keep her occupied so she doesn’t get into trouble.
她需要事情来使她忙起来, 这样她就不会陷入麻烦了。
*He carried on several occupations at a time.
他同时从事几种职业。
【词块积累】
be occupied in doing sth. /with sth. 忙于做某事
occupy oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 忙于某事; 专心于某事
keep sb. occupied 使某人忙碌
occupation n. 占用; 职业
【巧学助记】
*When the enemy occupied the city, the scientist was occupying himself in doing his research. In fact, he had been occupied with the research for many days.
当敌人占领这座城市时, 这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上, 他专心于这项研究已经好多天了。
语法填空
(1)Occupying (occupy) herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children.
(2)Occupied (occupy)with his homework, he can’t go out to play football.
(3)When I came in, the boy was occupied (in) doing (do) his homework. =When I came in, the boy was occupied with his homework.
(4)We have a question here about occupation(occupy).
5. distract v. 分散(注意力), 使分心
*Coverage of the war was used to distract attention from other matters. 对战争的报道被用来转移人们对其他问题的注意力。
*She was distracted by the sound of running water.
她被流水声分散了注意力。
*I find it too distracting to work with the television on.
我发现开着电视工作太分散注意力了。
*Small breaks from social media will give your brain a much needed rest from the intruding distractions that constantly fight for attention. 从社交媒体中稍作休息, 会让你的大脑从不断争夺注意力的干扰中得到一个急需的休息。
【词块积累】
distract sb. /sth. from sth. 使某人(某物)从某事中分心
be distracted with/by sth. 因某事分心; 因某事分散或扰乱注意力
distracting adj. 令人分心的; 让人思想不集中的
distraction n. 使人分心的事; 娱乐
语法填空
(1)We may still find our attention distracted (distract) by thoughts of home, family or whatever.
(2)The school students were distracted (distract) by the noise outside the classroom that day.
(3)It’s distracting (distract) to have someone watching me while I work.
(4)Playing video games distracts him from his homework.
(5)You must reject distraction (distract) and concentrate on your work at hand.
6. access n. 接触的机会; 入口, 通道
*I knew there was a party happening that evening, but without access to social media I couldn’t remember where it was!
我知道那天晚上有个派对, 但是没有社交媒体, 我想不起来它在哪里了!
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
许多车站从停车场或车站平台入口设有轮椅通道。
*Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
药品应放在孩子们接触不到的地方。
【词块积累】
(1)have access to sth. 拥有对……的访问/使用权
have access to sb. 获得见到某人的机会/权利
give access to sb. 为某人提供进入的条件
(2)access to 接近; 去……的通路;
使用……的机会/权利
(3)accessible adj. 容易接近的; 可以进入的
be accessible to sb. 使某人可以获取到; 对某人来说易于理解
be accessible to sth. 易进入/到达
“access”用法面面观
access的本意是进入某一地点的“通道, 入口”, 侧重进入的手段与途径, 其含义是抽象的, 一般用作不可数名词。其引申义可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权利等”, 常与介词to连用。此外, access在计算机术语中可作“访问, 进网”讲。
(1)语法填空
①The access to success is to make good use of the access to education.
②That young teacher is accessible (access) to all the students.
(2)The thing is that in the United States or in Europe children usually have good access to medical care.
问题是, 在美国或欧洲, 儿童通常有很好的医疗服务。
7. rely on 依赖, 依靠
*(2020·江苏高考)Each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.
每个人以平均速度步行一小时, 理论上, 那应该使他的身体主要依靠脂肪作为燃料。
*Do you think we can confidently rely on him to improve the image of the company
你认为我们能对依靠他改善公司形象充满信心吗
*You may rely on it that she won’t be late.
你可以放心, 她不会迟到的。
*I don’t think he is a reliable man.
我认为他不是一个可靠的人。
【词块积累】
rely on sb. /sth. to do sth. 指望某人/物做某事
rely on sb. /sb. ’s doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on sb. /sth. for sth. 靠某人/物去得到某物
rely on it that. . . 相信……; 指望……
reliable adj. 可信赖的, 可依靠的
rely on表示“依赖; 依靠”时, 与depend on/upon可相互转换; rely on it that. . . 结构中it为形式宾语。
(1)语法填空
①John is too lazy, so it is impossible to rely on him to offer (offer) us a hand.
②The villagers can rely on the volunteers’ helping (help) them to get rid of their poverty.
③In most cases, young people still rely on their parents for their life.
④The teacher can rely on it that his students will finish the project on time.
(2)一句多译
你可以相信当你有困难时我会帮助你。
①You can rely on me to help you when you are in trouble.
②You can rely on me/my helping you when you are in trouble.
③You can rely on it that I can help you when you are in trouble.
8. With the detox now finished, they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online.
脱瘾现在结束后, 他们打开了设备, 又重新上线了。
【句式解构】
句中With the detox now finished是with复合结构, 该结构为“with+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”。
*(2019 全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace
乞力马扎罗山, 一座拥挤的山峰, 成排的游客破坏了和平的气氛, 它值得这样的声誉吗
*With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it on time.
有这么多人帮助我们, 我们一定能按时完成。
*You shouldn’t speak with your mouth full.
你不应该在满嘴巴食物时说话。
*I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房间坐了一会儿, 眼睛盯着天花板。
with复合结构
“with + 复合结构”, 在句中表状态或说明背景情况, 常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下:
①with + 名词 + to do(不定式表示动作尚未发生)
②with + 名词+ doing(强调名词是doing动词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)
③with + 名词 + done(强调名词是done动词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
④with + 名词 + 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语(强调名词的特性或状态)
(1)语法填空
①All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (lock).
②I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash (wash).
(2)He often sleeps with the windows open.
他常开着窗睡觉。
(3)She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。
(4)The boss left the room with all the lights on.
老板离开了房间, 所有的灯还亮着。
(5)With prices going up so fast, we can’t afford to buy a house of our own.
由于价格上涨得太快, 我们买不起自己的房子。
【要点拾遗】
1. security n. 安全
*The top four negative aspects of social media as ranked by Chinese users are: reduced time for reading printed books, poorer eyesight, privacy and information security concerns, and reduced sleep time.
根据中国用户的排名, 社交媒体最不利的四个方面是: 减少阅读纸质书籍的时间, 视力差, 隐私和信息安全问题, 以及减少睡眠时间。
*The visitors were searched for security reasons.
为了安全起见, 来宾受到了检查。
*They cheated her into a false sense of security.
他们哄骗她, 使她产生一种虚假的安全感。
*Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against shifting sand.
需要采取措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。
【词块积累】
(1)a sense of security 安全感
(2)a security gate 安全门
(3)secure adj. 安全的
(4)secure vt. 使安全
secure sb. / oneself/ sth. against/ from. . . 保护……使免于……
(1)语法填空
①They are under pressure to tighten their airport security (secure).
②I’ll undertake for your security (secure).
(2)The document shall be kept in a secure place.
文件应保管在安全的地方。
(3)You cannot secure yourself against/ from all risks and dangers.
人有旦夕祸福, 天有不测风云。
2. on reflection 经过深思熟虑
*She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer.
她深思熟虑后, 决定接受那个建议。
*He placed the book back on the shelf, lost in some reflection.
他把书放回书架上, 陷入沉思。
*I need time to reflect on what you offered.
我需要时间来考虑你提出的建议。
【词块积累】
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
reflect on/upon sth. 沉思或记忆(往事); 思考
(1)On further reflection (再一考虑), I saw that she might be right, after all.
(2)I must reflect on (认真考虑) what answer to give.
(3)The researchers worked hard at the problem, sometimes late into the night, and sometimes lost in deep reflection(陷入沉思).
3. pick up 培养
*I’m now trying to spend less time online and more time picking up my hobbies.
我现在正试着少花点时间上网, 多花点时间培养我的爱好。
*Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track.
安东尼自己慢慢爬起来, 又开始沿着跑道跑下去。
*He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.
他抱起孩子让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
*I am able to pick you up on the short wave radio.
我能用短波收音机收听到你的信号。
【导图理词】
(1)写出下列句中pick up的意思
①But we have to survive, so I have to pick myself up, and then continue my work. (使振作)
②The next morning, my mum came to pick me up. (开车来接)
③She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. (学会)
④A cup of coffee might pick you up. (使振奋)
(2)Industrial production is beginning to pick up.
工业生产开始好转。
4. miss out 遗漏; 错过(机会)
*At first, I really felt I was missing out.
一开始, 我真的觉得我错过了很多信息。
*One may miss the mark by aiming too high or too low.
瞄得太高或太低, 都会打不中目标。
*He should have won the match─it was a near miss.
他本应该赢得这场比赛——真是功亏一篑。
*The bullet missed me by two inches.
子弹只差两英寸就射中我了。
*Living in the country, I often feel that I am missing out on the activities of city life.
住在乡下, 我常常感到没有机会参加城市生活的活动。
【词块积累】
hit/miss the mark 做成/未做成某事; 达到/未达到目标
miss by 差……就成功做……
miss out on 未得到某物, 在某事上不成功, 失去(得益或享乐的)机会
(1)The printers have missed out (漏掉了) a whole line here.
(2)A good many of us react that this sort of comment tends to miss the mark (未达到目标).
(3)It was an opportunity not to be missed.
译: 机不可失, 时不再来。
(4)She narrowly missed hitting him.
译: 她差一点打着他。
5. up to忙于某事
*By the fifth day, I wondered—was I really missing out by not constantly checking my phone to see what everyone else was up to
到第五天, 我纳闷: 我真的因为没有经常查看手机看其他人都在忙些什么而错失什么东西了吗
*What have you been up to since school ended
放学后你一直在做什么
*It’s up to you whether we accept the present or not.
要不要这份礼物由你决定。
*Up to yesterday, we had no idea where the child was.
直到昨天, 我们还不知道孩子在哪里。
【导图理词】
写出句子中up to的意思
(1)It can take up to three months to teach a new song. (多达)
(2)He’s very inexperienced. Do you think he’s up to it (胜任)
(3)It’s up to you to make the most out of this experience. (取决于)
(4)What have you been up to lately (忙于)
(5)Up to yesterday, I thought he was single. (一直到)
6. And what, if anything, has been learnt from the experience 而且, 更有可能的是, 从这次经历中他们学到了什么
【句式解构】
what引导的特殊疑问句
↑
And (what, if anything, has been learnt from the experience)
↓
if条件状语从句的省略
*There are few, if any, mistakes in the book.
那本书里即使真有错误, 也不多。
*If so, come early to the talk at 7: 30 p. m. by Jules Skye, a successful record producer.
如果是这样的话, 早点来参加晚上7: 30朱尔斯·斯凯的演讲, 他是一位成功的唱片制作人。
*If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
如果没有, 再看看其他你可以尝试的方法。
*His children rarely, if ever, see him at his place of work.
孩子们很少在他的工作地点看到他。
*If possible, let me know beforehand.
如果可能, 可在事前通知我。
*If necessary, ring me at home.
如果必要, 可往我家里打电话。
if. . . 类省略句的固定结构
if. . . 类省略结构是一个非常有用的结构, 这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配。如:
①if anything 更可能的是
②if any 如果有的话或即使有的话
③if so 如果是这样
④if not 如果不是这样
⑤if ever 如果曾经有过或即使有过的话
⑥if possible 如果可能
⑦if necessary 如果必要
(1)Joe isn’t a bad boy. If anything, he’s a pretty good one.
乔不是一个坏男孩。更可能的是, 他是一个非常好的男孩。
(2)There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him.
当今记得他的人, 如果有的话, 也不多了。
(3)I may be free this evening. If so, I’ll come round and see you.
今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。
(4) If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能, 我希望明年夏天去那里。
7. To be honest, I didn’t find the detox too difficult, but I did give my phone to my dad to avoid giving in!
说实话, 我并不觉得脱瘾很难, 但我确实把手机给我爸了, 以免屈服!
【句式解构】
*(2019 江苏高考)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
为了享受数字支付的方便, 很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
*In order to get the job, you must be able to drive.
要做这项工作你得会开车。
*She slept in a separate room in order not to/ so as not to disturb him.
为了不打扰他, 她在另一房间睡觉。
*I will give him a key in order that/ so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.
我会给他一把钥匙, 好让他能随时进入这个家。
动词不定式作目的状语
(1)用不定式表目的是最简单也是最常用的方法, 它既可以用于句末, 也可用于句首, 但比较而言, 用于句首时, 其强调意味较浓。不定式的否定式为not to do sth. , 而不是 to not do sth. 。
(2)in order to do sth. 和so as to do sth. 是to do sth. 的变体, 用in order to do sth. 表示目的时, 既可以用于句末, 也可用于句首, 但比较而言, 用于句首时, 其强调意味较浓; so as to do sth. 则不能用于句首。
(3)in order to do sth. 的否定式是in order not to do sth. , so as to do sth. 的否定式是so as not to do sth. 意思是“为了不……; 以免”。
(4)in order to do sth. 和so as to do sth. 可以转化为in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句, in order to do sth. 可以位于主句之前或之后, so as to do sth. 只能位于主句之后。
语法填空
(1)To draw(draw) maps properly, you need a special pen.
(2)They started early in order to get (get) there in time.
(3)I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
(4)Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air.
(5)We will start early so as to arrive(arrive) in time.
拓视野·观天下
1. Yuan, who developed the world’s first hybrid rice in the 1970s, has set multiple world records in hybrid rice yields in previous years, making great contributions to the food security of China and the world.
袁隆平在20世纪70年代研发出全世界第一个杂交水稻品种, 过去几年间, 他研发的杂交水稻产量多次创造世界纪录, 为中国和全世界的粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。
2. Japanese scientists have found that overeating can switch off a gene that combats cancer.
日本科学家发现, 吃得太饱会抑制细胞抗癌因子。
3. First officially occupied by the imperial court in 1420, the Forbidden City served as the royal palace of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, experiencing many critical moments in Chinese history.
紫禁城始建于1420年, 曾是明朝(1368-1644)和清朝(1644-1911)的皇宫, 经历了中国历史上许多关键时刻。
4. In this important time, people, more than at any other time in recent history, need to rely on the trust, understanding and support of each other, to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
在这个关键时刻, 人们比历史上任何时候都更需要依靠彼此的信任、理解和支持, 建设人类命运共同体。
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19Unit 2 Improving yourself Using language
语法精讲·深化学习
过去完成时的被动语态(Past perfect passive)
观察上面的对话, 并画出下列教材原句中与上面对话时态相同的部分。
(1)At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
(2)They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media.
(3)But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
一、过去完成时的被动语态的构成
1. 过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式: had + been + done。
*The task had been finished before 12: 00 yesterday.
昨天12点之前这项任务已经完成了。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态的否定式: had + not + been + done。
*The task hadn’t been finished before 12: 00 yesterday.
昨天12点之前这项任务还没完成。
3. 过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面。
*Had the task been finished before 12: 00 yesterday
昨天12点之前这项任务完成了吗
4. 过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句: 疑问词+had+been+done。
*How many words had been learned by the last term
到上学期为止学了多少单词
二、过去完成时的被动语态的用法
1. 当before, when, by the time, until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时, 以及by, before后接过去的时间时, 主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时, 要用过去完成时的被动语态。
*By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. 他到学校时, 第一节课已经结束了。
*The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。
*How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁
*Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting
新计划会前讨论过吗
2. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中, 若表示过去某一被动动作时, 用过去完成时的被动语态。
*They said the production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
*The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 有人提醒那个男孩, 他的作业还没交。
*The media reported more than 1, 000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 据媒体报道, 地震已造成1 000多人死亡。
3. 在It was the first/second/. . . time that. . . 从句中, 主语是动作的承受者时, 要用过去完成时的被动语态。
*It was the second time that his smartphone had been stolen.
这是他的智能手机第二次被盗。
4. 在虚拟语气中, 条件句表示与过去的事实相反, 且主语是动作的承受者时, 要用过去完成时的被动语态。例如:
*If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请, 我会和你一起去的。
5. 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态, 用过去完成时。
*As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 作业完成后, 他继续在网上搜索。
*He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。
语法填空
(1)Martin felt that cold water had been thrown (throw) on his plans after everyone laughed at his intentions.
(2)When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother had been sent (send)to hospital.
(3)—George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding
—No, I hadn’t been invited(invite).
(4)A new app for learning English had been designed (design) by the end of last week.
(5)The police found that the house had been broken (break) into and a lot of things stolen.
(6)By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed (kill).
(7)By the end of last year, another magic design had been completed (complete).
(8)Another planet had been discovered (discover) by the end of last year.
(9)The injured man hadn’t been accepted (accept) by the hospital staff so he had to leave.
(10)The fish hadn’t been cooked (cook) properly, so we sent it back to the kitchen.
过去完成时的主动语态变被动语态
①过去完成时的主动语态: 主语+had +过去分词
We had finished learning Book 1 till last week.
②过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had been +过去分词
Book 1 had been finished learning (by us) till last week.
主题活动·话题实践
Improving behavior
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. put the litter into a rubbish bin 把垃圾放进垃圾箱
2. keep the grass looking really neat 保持草坪整洁
3. politely remind them 礼貌地提醒他们
4. be considerate of others 为他人着想
5. ask them to stop 叫他们住手
6. promote values education 推广价值观教育
7. inspire students to work hard 激励学生努力学习
8. build a culture of honesty 建立一种诚实文化
9. offer effective advice or ideas 提供有效的建议或想法
10. develop effective solutions 制定有效的解决方案
Ⅱ. 话题情境
选择恰当的选项完成对话。
马路上, Max和George正要过马路。
Max: Let’s cross here.
George: You’re kidding. We’ll never make it across in one piece! Let’s C .
Max: Now we have to B to the end of the street.
George: If you A , be my guest. I don’t feel like dodging cars and scooters!
A. want to cross here
B. walk all the way down
C. cross at the light
Ⅲ. 情境句式
1. They left two weeks ago, that is, on July 27.
他们是两星期前, 也就是7月27日走的。
2. Let me clarify my intentions.
让我阐明我的目的。
3. For instance, we used to have hobbies.
例如, 我们过去有爱好。
4. I mean I want you to help me.
我是说, 我想要你帮我。
5. Take my brother Jim as an illustration; he used to work as a high-tech personnel in a firm.
以我哥哥吉姆为例, 他以前在一家公司做高科技人员。
6. To put it another way, what are you trying to forget
换句话说, 你想要忘记的是什么
Ⅳ. 情境交流
Tom和Peter正在谈论关于孩子的行为问题。
Tom: 1. Let me clarify (让我阐述) what I really meant. 2. I can give a couple of examples (我可以举几个例子). 3. For instance (例如), allow your children to choose what clothes they wear at the weekend. They will be concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly.
Peter: Yes, it is good to let your children make some of the small decisions concerning their daily routine. 4. To put it another way (换句话说), the knowledge they learn as a child won’t depart from them.
Tom: That’s right. By that 5. I mean (我的意思是说) that people need time to accustom themselves to new ways of thinking about things.
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5Unit 2 Improving yourself
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
迈克尔·杰克逊, 1958年8月29日出生于美国印第安纳州加里市, 是著名的歌手与舞蹈家。他一生中获得了13个格莱美奖和26个全美音乐奖, 并被授予“格莱美终身成就奖”。
注: 听音填空
Smile
By Michael Jackson
Smile, though your heart is ①aching
Smile, even though it’s breaking
When there are clouds in the sky
You’ll get by. . .
If you smile
With your fear and sorrow
Smile and maybe tomorrow
You’ll find that life is still worthwhile
If you just. . .
②Light up your face with gladness
Hide every trace of ③sadness
Although a ④tear may be ever so near
That’s the time you must keep on trying
Smile, what’s the use of crying
You’ll find that life is still worthwhile
If you just. . .
Smile, though your heart is aching
Smile, even though it’s breaking
When there are clouds in the sky
You’ll get by. . .
If you smile
With your fear and sorrow
Smile and maybe tomorrow
You’ll find that life is still worthwhile
If you just. . .
That’s the time you must keep on trying
1. worthwhile adj. 值得的, 有价值的
2. gladness n. 愉快, 高兴
【歌曲译文】
微笑
迈克尔·杰克逊
微笑吧, 尽管心痛
微笑吧, 就算心碎
当天空飘过朵朵白云时
你便可以做到……
请你用微笑
来面对恐惧与悲伤
微笑吧, 也许就在明天
你会发现生命依旧有意义
请你……
用欢乐描绘你的面容
隐藏每道忧伤的痕迹
就算眼泪还没有干
你仍需在那刻不断努力
微笑吧, 哭泣又有什么用处
你会发现生命依旧有意义
请你……
微笑吧, 尽管心痛
微笑吧, 就算心碎
当天空飘过朵朵白云时
你便可以做到……
请你用微笑
来面对恐惧与悲伤
微笑吧, 也许就在明天
你会发现生命依旧有意义
请你……
你仍需在那刻不断努力
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