Unit 5 A delicate world Developing ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. a vast gap between the social connections 社会关系之间的巨大鸿沟
2. use comparison to support the main idea 用比较法支撑文章主旨
3. both verbal and visual information 口头和视觉信息
4. one of the rare locations in the world 世界上罕见的地方之一
5. the apparently calm surface 似乎很平静的表面
6. the ecological and biological processes 生态和生物过程
7. a great variation in climatic conditions 气候条件的巨大变化
8. a secure home 一个稳固的家
9. a cold greeting 一句冷冷的问候
10. an important criterion 一个重要的标准
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. Primary consumers rely on(依赖) vegetation to provide energy.
2. It’s my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of(代表)the Be at One with Nature Association.
3. Shennongjia made it (成功) onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
4. This allows a wide variety of (各种各样的)species to thrive.
5. Some of the plants and animals are regarded as (被认为是)living fossils.
6. Thanks to (多亏)their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.
7. In return(作为回报), the king sent him a troop of the best soldiers.
8. The new bridge will be named after(以……命名) a hero in the accident.
9. The project had to be abandoned due to (因为, 由于)lack of funding.
10. Only when we live in harmony with (和……和谐相处)the sea animals can we live a happy life on the planet.
翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. As we all know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage list.
众所周知, 在2016年, 神农架成功进入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。
2. Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
或者是一种叫“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的想象力
3. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”.
这一地区从海拔400米左右上升到3 000米以上, 因此得名“华中屋脊”。
4. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage.
但神农架给人印象最深的是当地人, 他们从自然中获取东西, 却没有造成破坏。
5. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.
这种蜂蜜的特别之处在于它是由最早的中国蜜蜂品种产出的。
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What’s the main idea of the passage
A. The history of Shennongjia.
B. Introduce the UNESCO World Heritage List.
C. Why did Shennongjia make it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
D. The plants and animals in Shennongjia.
(2)How does the author introduce the topic
A. By listing data. B. By asking questions.
C. By comparison. D. By quotation.
(3)The reasons why Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List are______
A. It has Golden Snub-nosed Monkey.
B. It is one of the most “complete” natural area in the world.
C. It has incredible biodiversity.
D. B and C
(4)Why the speaker mention the local people of Shennongjia
A. Because they live and work in harmony with nature.
B. Because they make natural honey.
C. Because they place beehives around their houses.
D. Because they provide bees with honey.
(5)What can we infer from the passage
A. Many species have disappeared.
B. Great efforts have been made by scientists and the natives.
C. Golden Snub-nosed Monkey is in danger of dying out.
D. The bees are endangered because of the invasion of foreign species.
答案: (1)～(5)CBDAB
2. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 它也是世界上稀有的地方之一, 在这里科学家可以实时观察生态和生物的过程, 这一过程随着动植物的发展和进化而发生。
3. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
In 2016, Shennongjia made (1)it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. It meets two criteria (2)required (require) by the list. Firstly, it is apparently one of the most “complete” natural (3)areas(area) in the world, (4)where some plants and animals have survived millions of years. Secondly, Shennongjia (5)has (have) incredible biodiversity. It is (6)challenging(challenge) to look after so many species. But scientists make great efforts (7)to protect(protect) them. The local people also play an important part, and they live (8)in harmony with nature.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. Do you like Shennongjia and why (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
Yes, because Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity, and I am interested in studying wild plants, so I can meet many rare plants there.
2. How can we play a part in protecting the natural world (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
We should save energy, not waste resources, and we should also develop a green style of life.
要点精研·探究学习
1. comparison n. 比较
*(2019 江苏高考)By comparison, the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy.
相比之下, 类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间的能量。
*(2019 浙江高考)The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed.
研究人员利用计算机模型计算了树木获得的水分和它们所需要的水分, 从而计算出水压。
*Managers analyze their company’s data and compare it with data on their competitors.
经理们分析他们公司的数据并与其竞争者的数据进行比较。
*The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with/to other animals.
人类的第一个典型特征就是: 和其他动物比起来, 人类有相当大的大脑。
【词块积累】
(1)by/in comparison with 与……相比较
by comparison (用于句首) 比较起来
beyond comparison 无与伦比
(2)compare v. 比较
compare. . . to. . . 把……比作……;
把……与……相比
compare. . . with. . . 把……与……相比
compared to/with 与……比起来
(1)语法填空
①Many parents like comparing their own children with their friends’ children.
②A teacher is often compared to a candle. That’s because their devotion to work is beyond comparison.
③Just as the saying goes, “Comparison (compare) is the thief of joy”.
④I have had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared with yours.
(2)一句多译
比较不同品牌的质量, 你就会知道怎么做出选择。
①Comparing the quality of different brands, you’ll know how to make a choice. (分词作状语)
②Compare the quality of different brands and you’ll know how to make a choice. (祈使句+and+陈述句)
(3)而且你也应该记住, 经常与同学们交换看法是促进学习的一种好的方法。
译: And you also should keep in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.
2. rare adj. 稀有的, 罕见的
*(2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. ”
很少听到有人说: “我愿意演讲者再讲得时间长一些。”
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic.
虽然在北纬88° 的地方很少见到它们, 但有证据表明, 它们的活动范围遍及整个北极。
*It’s extremely rare for the Summer or Winter Olympics to be postponed or canceled.
夏季或冬季奥运会被推迟或取消的情况极为罕见。
*With the widespread use of mobile payment, we rarely need to carry a wallet or cash at all.
随着移动支付的广泛使用, 我们很少需要带钱包或现金。
【词块积累】
(1)it is rare to do sth. 做某事是很少见的
(2)rarely adv. 很少地; 难得地; 少见地
rarely属于否定副词, 如果提前到句首, 主谓语需要使用倒装语序。
A recent survey shows that rarely do most students communicate with their teachers.
一项近期的研究表明, 大部分学生很少与老师交流。
(1)语法填空
①In our daily life, we rarely(rare) see such animals like giant pandas.
②It’s rare to see (see) such an interesting group of people.
(2)We can watch the dragon dance, which is rarely seen even in China.
我们能够看到甚至在中国都很少见到的舞龙。
(3)In such cases, rarely can we keep calm.
在这种情况下, 我们很少能够保持镇静。
3. absorb v. 吸收(液体、气体等); 吸引全部注意力; 使全神贯注; 使并入, 吞并
*Trees absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
树木从土壤中吸收水分和溶解的营养物质。
*The presence of such a large number of plants, trees and bushes is contributing to the cleaning of the air, contributing to absorbing CO2 and producing oxygen.
大量存在的植物、树木和灌木丛有助于清洁空气, 有助于吸收二氧化碳和产生氧气。
*This job had absorbed him for several years before he acquired it. 在他获得这个工作前, 他已经被这个工作吸引好多年了。
*Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading.
当你专心阅读时时间过得很快。
*This is an absorbing book. 这是一本引人入胜的书。
【词块积累】
(1)absorb/ draw/ attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
absorb. . . into 把……吸收进
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
be absorbed in 全神贯注于……/专心于……
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的, 引人入胜的
【知识延伸】
“专注于”同义词集锦:
fix/ focus one’s attention/mind on. . .
be absorbed in
bury oneself in / be buried in
put one’s heart into
devote oneself to/ be devoted to
concentrate on/ concentrate one’s attention/mind on
(1)语法填空
①Absorbed(absorb) in the discussion, we were entirely unaware that we made such loud noise.
②They sat by the lake side by side, absorbing (absorb) the peace of the lake.
③These children are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.
(2)It’s difficult to absorb so much information at once.
一下子理解这么多信息很困难。
4. variation n. 变化; 差异
*The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions.
广阔的海拔范围导致了气候条件的巨大变化。
*The machine records every variation in temperature.
这个机器记录每一处温度上的变化。
*The island offers a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.
岛上提供了各种各样的风景和野生生物。
*The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today.
原版《灰姑娘》与我们现在所知道的迪士尼版本有很大的不同。
*The Internet makes us smarter over various kinds of things. 网络使我们在各种各样的事情上更聪明。
【词块积累】
vary with 随……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary in 在……方面不同; 有差异
vary from. . . to. . . 由……到……情况不等
various adj. 各种各样的; 多方面的
variable adj. 易变的; 变化无常的
(1)语法填空
①In addition, my friends and I can participate various(vary) activities without heavy study pressure.
②If you come to China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (vary).
③The survey found a wide variation (vary) in the prices charged for canteen food.
(2)Typing patterns vary from person to person.
每个人的打字方式不同。
(3)语段填空
They vary in language. Though they all agree that cultures vary from one country to another, they all think that there are still a variety of similarities in it.
他们在语言方面不同。尽管他们一致同意文化在不同国家有所不同, 但其中仍然会有很多相同之处。
5. break down(机器)出故障; (计划、希望、谈判等)失败; 身体垮掉; 分解
*Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients.
分解者分解死去的动物和植物, 形成营养成分。
*(2020·天津高考 )The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
“快乐聊天”长椅有助于打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形社交障碍。
*Our car broke down on our way to the company.
我们的车在去公司的路上抛锚了。
*Carbon dioxide forms as a waste product when food is broken down.
当食物分解时, 二氧化碳作为废物产生。
*She was not herself. She broke down.
她很反常。她身体垮掉了。
【词块积累】
break away from 脱离(政党等)
break in 打断(谈话); 插嘴; 破门而入
break into 强行闯入
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break through 突破; 穿透
break up 分散; 拆散; 结束; (关系等)破裂
【巧学助记】
(1)用break相关短语填空
①His health broke down under the pressure of work.
②His house was broken into last night.
③The thief broke away from the policeman and ran away.
④What if you break up with your partner
⑤Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
(2)语段填空
The war broke out. The police used tear gas to try to break up the victims, but they broke away from the police and even some of them broke into the city government.
战争爆发了, 警察用催泪瓦斯驱散受害者, 但他们挣脱了警察, 甚至有些人闯入了政府。
【要点拾遗】
1. apparently adv. 据说; 看来, 似乎
*(2020 全国Ⅰ卷) The kids apparently know the truth.
很显然, 孩子们知道了真相。
*(2019·北京高考)Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
似乎明星(球员)并不遵循体育精神的基本原则。
*Apparently consumers now not only look for the physical products but also the shopping experience.
很明显, 消费者现在寻找的不仅是实体产品, 还有购物体验。
*It is apparent that cooperation is a necessity for success in such a competitive society.
显然, 在竞争如此激烈的社会中, 对于成功来说合作是必需品。
*He was fired for no apparent reason.
他被无缘无故地开除了。
【词块积累】
It is apparent that. . . 很显然……
It is apparent to sb. that. . . 在某人看来很明显……
for no apparent reason 无缘无故地; 原因不明地
(1)语法填空
①He was apparently ( apparent) much surprised at the news.
②It is apparent to us that obtaining enough water is problematic.
(2)一句多译
很显然, 中国在过去几十年取得了很大进步。
①Apparently, China has made great progress in the past decades.
②It is apparent that China has made great progress in the past decades.
2. on behalf of 代表
* “I would like to offer my sincere apology to the people on behalf of our members, ” the head of the Sincheonji Church of Jesus apologized to the public. 耶稣信天寺教会的领袖向公众道歉: “我想代表我们的会员向人们真诚地道歉。”
*Scientists are campaigning on behalf of local charities.
科学家们正在为当地的慈善机构开展活动。
*She made an emotional public appeal on her son’s behalf.
她代表儿子动情地发出了公开呼吁。
【词块积累】
on behalf of sb. /sth. 为了某人/事
on sb’s behalf 代表某人
(1)I, on behalf of the other members, warmly welcome your arrival.
我, 代表其他成员, 热烈欢迎你的到来。
(2)Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.
肯不在场, 所以我代表他领奖。
(3)They worked hard all their lives on behalf of the poor.
他们毕生为穷人的利益而辛劳。
3. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.
这种蜂蜜的特别之处在于它是由最早的中国蜜蜂品种产出的。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。句中what引导主语从句, that引导表语从句。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
你所需要的是一位能让你犯错的好老师。
*She said that one of the reasons she had requested to join the fight against 2019-nCoV in Wuhan is that she wanted to set a good example for her son.
她说, 自己报名到武汉抗击新冠病毒的原因之一是想要给儿子树立一个好榜样。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
那就是为什么重读的行为如此丰富和具有变革性。
*(2020·江苏高考)We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover.
我们反复地愿意想象, 我们已经发现了大部分尚待发现的东西。
what与that引导名词性从句的异同
what和that均可引导名词性从句中的主语、表语、宾语从句, 具体区别如下:
what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语, 意为“什么”或“所……的”, 不能省略; that 仅起连接作用, 本身没有实际意义, 在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略)。
*He doesn’t know what she likes.
他不知道她喜欢什么。(what在从句中作宾语)
*I believe (that) he will come to see us.
我相信他会来看我们的。(that引导宾语从句, 不作成分)
(1)语法填空
①It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
②What we really need now is not money but the latest technology.
③The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
④Therefore we should bear in mind that being honest is what makes us a good man.
(2)What we really fear when travelling in summer is the sudden change of weather.
夏天旅游时我们真正担心的是天气突变。
(3)The reason for his failure was that he underestimated his opponent.
他失败的原因是他低估了对手。
4. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
尽管由于外部物种的入侵这些蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝, 但是神农架的蜜蜂与当地人已经共同存在好几个世纪。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。句中Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species为让步状语从句的省略形式, 其完整形式为: Although the bees are endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species。
*(2020 全国Ⅱ卷) Children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when (children are) assessed at 54 months of age.
在26个月大到46个月大之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候被评价有更好的空间技能。
*The city of Jena in eastern Germany has decided to make people wear face masks when (they are) shopping or traveling on public transport.
德国东部城市耶拿决定让人们在购物或乘坐公共交通工具时戴上口罩。
*Although (he was) frightened, he managed to walk out of the forest.
尽管很害怕, 但是他还是成功地走出了这片森林。
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时, 若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式, 此时从句的主语和be动词可以一同省略。
(1)语法填空
①Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
②When travelling (travel) abroad, you should remember the golden rule that when in Rome, you should do as Romans do.
③While working(work), I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
(2)Once given a chance, he will live up to parents’expectation.
一旦被给予机会, 他将不负父母的期望。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写关于环保的演讲稿
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the lecture and pay attention to the structure of the lecture. It often includes the topic of the lecture; the reasons, the measures and suggestions of the lecture; the conclusion of the lecture.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 特色表达
introduction of the topic If you haven’t already heard of Fanjing Mountain, you soon will! A “must”for anyone visiting Guizhou Province, Fanjing Mountain has now been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List, bringing the total number of UNESCO sites in China to 1. 53.
reasons for selections The main reason for its inclusion is its 2. biological diversity, with approximately 50 endangered plant and animal species found in its protected area.
other information One of the first national nature reserves in China, Fanjing Mountain represents 3. one of the country’s greatest achievements in environmental protection. It is also renowned for its 4. breathtaking scenery as a summer resort.
假定你是李华, 你校打算组织一场英文演讲比赛, 请你根据下列提示写一篇主题为“Environmental Protection”的演讲稿。内容包括:
1. 保护环境的重要性;
2. 如何从我做起去保护环境;
3. 呼吁大家行动起来。
注意: 词数80左右。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
1. global 全球的
2. endangered 濒危的
3. recycled 回收利用的
4. environmental protection 环保
5. living creatures 生物
6. a low-carbon life 低碳生活
7. be supposed to 应该
8. cut down 削减
完成句子
1. 经济快速发展。
The economy develops quickly.
2. 全球环境变得越来越糟。
The global environment is getting worse and worse.
3. 我们相信我们可以通过每一个人的努力产生巨大影响。
We believe we can make a great difference with everyone’s effort.
4. 只有通过保护大自然人类才能真正获得胜利。
Humans can really win only by protecting nature.
句式升级
5. 用with的复合结构合并改写1、2句
With the quick development of economy, the global environment is getting worse and worse.
6. 用被动语态提升句3
We believe with everyone’s effort, a great difference will be made.
7. 用倒装句提升句4
Only by protecting nature can humans really win.
Good morning, everyone,
My topic today is “Environmental Protection”. As we all know, with the quick development of economy, the global environment is getting worse and worse. If nothing is done, all the living creatures on the earth will be endangered.
So it is everyone’s duty to protect the environment. As students, we can do our part in environmental protection by leading a low-carbon life. We had better use less water and electricity. When we go out, we can take buses or ride bikes instead of taking taxis. Besides, we are supposed to cut down the use of natural resources. Try to use more recycled products.
We believe with everyone’s effort, a great difference will be made. Please take action right now! Only by protecting nature can humans really win.
That’s all. Thanks for your listening.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题特点
发言稿是在公众场合向某一群体进行宣告或演说的文稿。发言稿一般可分为欢迎辞、欢送辞、演讲稿等形式。本文为演讲稿。发言稿主体部分是针对具体事件而进行的, 所以在主体部分应该阐明事情的缘由和结果。发言稿往往都有一定的感染力, 所以祈使句、感叹句、强调句、倒装句等特殊句式被看成是常见的表达手段。
2. 话题词汇
(1)代表我们学校 on behalf of our school
(2)有意义 make sense
(3)产生影响, 起作用 make a difference
(4)采取措施 take measures/take action
(5)与……和谐相处 live in harmony with
(6)交流观点 exchange (one’s) ideas
(7)呼吁某人做某事 appeal to sb. to do sth.
(8)起重要作用 play an important part in
(9)总之 in conclusion
(10)解释原因 account for the reason
(11)我感到非常荣幸…… I feel greatly honored. . .
(12)向某人表示热烈欢迎 express (one’s) warm welcome to sb.
(13)负责做某事 take responsibility to do sth.
(14)做某事是我的极大荣幸
It’s my great privilege/honor to do sth.
3. 话题句式
(1)It’s my great honor to have a chance to deliver a speech here on behalf of our class.
能有机会代表我们班在这里发表演讲对于我来说是莫大的荣幸。
(2) Last week, we conducted a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周, 我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
(3)Today I will talk about the purposes of surfing the Internet among senior students.
今天我要谈谈高中生上网的目的。
(4)Only by making great efforts can we make the world a better place to live in.
只有通过我们的共同努力才能使世界成为一个更加美好的地方。
(5)We should request the government take effective measures to protect the wildlife.
我们应该强烈要求政府采取有效措施来保护野生动物。
(6)We should appeal to more people to act to ensure that animals do have a place in the world.
我们应该呼吁人们立刻行动以确保动物在世界上有一席之地。
(7)With pollution getting increasingly serious, environmental protection has become an urgent issue for human beings.
随着污染越来越严重, 环保对于人类来说已经成为一个迫切的问题。
名著悦读·素养培优
The Elephant Man(excerpt)
I looked at the creature and felt sad. I am a doctor, so I know a lot about accidents and ill people. I see horrible, ugly things every day. But this creature, this thing, was the worst of all. There were no men or women in the hospital like him.
He wore some old trousers, but no shirt, coat, or shoes, so I could see his body very well. His head was the most interesting thing. It was very, very big—like an enormous bag with a lot of books in it. The head did not have much hair, and there was another bag of brown, dirty skin at the back of it. This skin came down below his neck. I could not see one of his eyes very well, because a lot of skin came down in front of his face, too.
An enormous red tooth came out of his mouth, under his nose. It looked like an elephant’s tooth. The mouth and nose were like holes in the face. The face could not smile or laugh or look angry or sad, because the skin could not move. It was dead, like an elephant’s face.
There were more bags of dirty skin on the front and back of the creature’s body. These bags came down to his legs. The right arm was enormous, and there were bags of skin on it, too. The right hand was like a man’s foot.
But the left arm and the left hand were beautiful! The left arm had wonderful skin, and the fingers of the left hand were long and beautiful. It was like a young woman’s hand!
“Walk, Merrick! ” said the shopkeeper angrily. “Come on, quickly, move! ”He hit the creature with his hand.
Slowly, the creature walked across the room. But he could not walk well. His legs were very big and fat, and he had a bad back. He could not walk far without a stick.
“All right, thank you, ”I said. “Let him sit down. I don’t want to see any more. ”I felt ill, and the smell in the room was very bad.
“Yes, sir, ”said the shopkeeper. “Sit down, Merrick. ”
We went out of the room and closed the door. The shopkeeper smiled at me with his yellow teeth.
“Wonderful, sir, isn’t it ”he said. “The best Elephant Man in England! Hundreds of people come to see him, you know, hundreds! I take him all over the country, I do! ”
“Yes, very interesting, ”I said. “Can I sit down ”
“Yes, sir, of course. Here’s a chair. ”He looked at me, smiling. “Would you like a glass of water, sir ”
“Yes, please, ”I said. Then I looked at the things in the dirty shop. There were two or three bad apples and some old black bananas: that was all. “Er, no. . . no, thank you. I’m all right, ”I said. “Did you. . . did you call the creature Merrick ”
“That’s right, sir. Joseph Merrick. The best Elephant Man in England! I take him all over the country, you know. Lots of people want to see him. ”
“Yes, I see. Do you get a lot of money ”
“Well, sometimes we do, sir, yes. But it’s difficult, you see, sir, because of the police. The police don’t like us, you see, sir. So we can’t stay in a town very long. We usually move every week. ”
《象人》的主人公约瑟夫·梅里克因为脑袋硕大无比, 身体畸形酷似大象而被人称为“象人”, 不过这个人物并不是剧作家杜撰出来的, 而是真实存在于19世纪的伦敦。
1. creature 生物
2. horrible 可怕的
3. enormous 巨大的
4. stick 棍子, 拐杖
1. (语言能力)What does the underlined sentence mean
The author means that the creature is the most horrible and ugliest thing that he has seen.
2. (思维品质)What does the author mean by saying“that was all”
The creature is badly treated by the shopkeeper.
3. (思维品质)What’s the author’s attitude to the Elephant Man
A. ridiculous
B. objective
C. sympathetic
D. ignorant
答案: C
4. (文化意识)What can we know about the shopkeeper
He represents those cruel capitalists, who have no respect for human right, and only care about money.
读后感悟:
译文:
《象人》(节选)
看着这个怪物, 我感到很悲伤。我是一位医生, 所以我很了解事故和病人。我每天要遇到许多可怕的、丑恶的东西, 可这个怪物却是最糟糕的。医院里没有任何一个男人或女人像他这个样子。
他穿着条旧裤子, 没有穿衬衫、外套和鞋子。所以, 我可以清楚地看见他的身体。他的头部最有趣, 长得很大很大——就像一个装着许多书籍的大口袋。头上头发不多, 脑后还耷拉着一块褐色的、肮脏的头皮, 一直垂到脖子下面。我看不清他的一只眼睛, 因为有一大块皮肤也从脸部垂下来。
一颗巨大的红牙齿从嘴里露出来, 在他的鼻子下面, 就像一颗象牙, 嘴和鼻子就像脸上开的洞, 从他脸上看不出微笑还是大笑, 也看不出生气和悲伤, 因为这种皮肤无法活动, 它已经失去活力, 像是大象的脸。
这个怪物身体的前胸和后背的脏皮肤上有许多囊肿, 这种囊肿(包状物)一直拖到他的腿部。右臂巨大, 皮肤上也有包状物, 右手像男人的脚。
然而左臂和左手却长得很美, 左臂上有漂亮的皮肤, 左手的手指纤长、美丽。就像年轻女人的手一样。
“走一走, 梅里克! ”店老板生气地说, “朝前走, 动一动, 快! ”他用手打着这个怪物。
慢慢地, 这个怪物走到房间的对面。可他走不好, 他的腿又粗又肥, 背部有病, 没有拐杖走不远。
“好了, 谢谢你, ”我说, “让他坐下来, 我不想再看什么了。”我感到恶心, 房间里的气味难闻极了。
“好的, 先生, ”店老板说着。“坐下, 梅里克。”
我们走出房间, 关上门。店老板朝我笑了笑, 露出满嘴黄牙。
“好极了, 先生, 是不是 ”他说, “这是英国最棒的象人! 数百人来看他, 知道吗 数百人! 我带他到全国各地去, 真的! ”
“是的, 挺有意思。”我说, “我可以坐下吗 ”
“当然可以, 先生。请坐。”他朝我看了看, 笑了笑说: “来杯水吗, 先生 ”
“谢谢, 请给我一杯水, ”我说。接着我朝脏商店里那些东西看着, 有两三个坏苹果、几根烂香蕉。仅此而已。“啊! 不……不, 谢谢, 我没事。”我说, “你……你把这个怪物叫梅里克吗 ”
“不错, 先生, 约瑟夫·梅里克。英国最棒的象人。我将把他带到全国各地去, 你知道, 许多人想要看他。”
“是的, 我知道。那你会赚到很多钱吗 ”
“嗯, 有时会赚到很多钱。但是也很难, 因为警察找麻烦。你知道的, 先生, 警察不喜欢我们。所以我们不能在一个城镇待很长时间。通常每星期就换个地方。”
PAGE
21Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. contrast dramatically 对比显著
2. their natural habitat 它们的自然栖息地
3. to multiply rapidly 快速繁殖
4. the exploding rabbit population 突然增加的兔子数量
5. a conservation project 一个保护项目
6. decrease from 130, 000 to around 10, 000
从130 000减少到大约10 000
7. delay our departure 延误我们的行程
8. a small incident 一件小事
9. the military intervention 军事干预
10. owe you our thanks 向你表示感谢
11. the island’s ecology 岛上的生态
12. cause some land to collapse 导致一些土地坍塌
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词或副词填空
1. The rats and mice quickly took over the island.
2. We human beings should live in harmony with mother nature.
3. The number of cats also increased, which in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
4. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
5. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.
6. What’s more, we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion.
7. The cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds.
8. The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds.
9. The rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
10. It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty (使它具有一种野性和自然的美).
2. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best(兔子们尽其所能)—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion (造成水土流失).
3. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to(专家感觉有必要想出一个计划) remove all the rabbits from the island.
4. But as the saying goes (常言道), “While the cat’s away, the mice will play. ”
5. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that’s where I come in(这就是我的切入点)—with my dogs.
1. -tion 常用于动词后构成名词
conserve—conservation 保护
correct—correction 改正
invent—invention 发明
congratulate—congratulation 祝贺
2. v. +up with 构成动词短语
come up with 提出, 想出
keep up with 跟上, 赶上
put up with 容忍, 忍受
end up with 以……结束
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para. 1) A. The island’s more recent history is a tragic story.
Part 2(Paras. 2～5) B. Macquarie Island enjoys a wild and natural beauty.
Part 3(Para. 6) C. There are some measures to deal with the problem.
Part 1: B Part 2: A Part 3: C
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Which of the following is NOT true about Macquarie Island
A. It is in the South-west Atlanta Ocean.
B. It lies halfway between Australia and Antarctica.
C. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
D. It has a long, thin shape.
(2)Who caused the tragedy happening on Macquarie Island
A The cats. B. The rabbits. C. The mice. D. Humans.
(3)Rabbits caused many bad effects except that______.
A. many holes were dug
B. the number of cats increased
C. parakeets died out in 1891
D. the number of mouse decreased
(4)What can we infer from the fifth paragraph
A. The virus was effective and could solve all the problems.
B. The departure of cats proves right.
C. It is no easy task to remove invading species.
D. The rats and mice caused more harm than the rabbits.
(5)What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Those trained dogs may cause other bad effects.
B. The intervention is long but worthwhile.
C. Poison can harm the native animals.
D. The author is unsure about the result.
答案: (1)～(5)ADDCB
2. Long sentences analysis.
译文: 由于在岛上松散养殖, 兔子们做了它们最擅长的事情——他们快速繁殖, 开始啃食当地植物, 并挖掘洞穴, 这导致了土地侵蚀。
译文: 下一步就是清除最后剩余的入侵物种, 所以, 我和我的狗来到了这里。
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The green grass and bare rock contrast (1)dramatically(dramatical), (2)giving (give) it a wild and natural beauty. The island’s recent history (3)tells(tell) a tragic story. In 1810 (4)when humans arrived on the island, they brought rats and (5)mice(mouse), (6)which ate birds’ eggs and attacked baby birds. Later, cats and rabbits (7)were introduced (introduce) to the island, making parakeets die out. Experts felt it necessary (8)to remove (remove) the rabbits, but cats had to eat birds. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. (9)With the disappearance of cats, the mice, rats and rabbits started to increase, which led to a serious result. It was clear that the problem needed (10)solving (solve). People are taking some steps to give the island a happy ending.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What’s your opinion about invading species (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior. It will cause great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove.
2. Is it easy for the destroyed nature to recover and why (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
No, because it takes thousands or even millions of years for the nature to develop into the present condition. Once it is destroyed, it is difficult or impossible to recover to the original states.
要点精研·探究学习
1. multiply v. (使)大大增加, (使)倍增
*Not only does it multiply the risk of homework-connected argument but also it puts heavy pressure on kids mentally.
它不仅增加了与家庭作业相关的争吵, 也会给孩子们带来精神上的巨大压力。
*(2020·江苏高考) Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
多种多样的基因表现各不相同, 取决于散步前是否进食。
* Their problems have multiplied since last year.
自去年以来, 他们的问题倍增。
*What do you get if you multiply six by nine
六乘以九等于几
【词块积累】
(1)multiply sth. by sth. 用某数乘以某数
. . . multiplied by. . . is ……乘以……等于……
(2)multiple adj. 多种多样的
multiple choice 多项选择
(3)multiplicity n. 多种多样
(1)语法填空
用multiple, multiply和multiplicity填空
①The driver of the crashed car received multiple injuries.
②We are all amazed at the multiplicity of the nature.
③The creature began to multiply quickly in this area.
(2)It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.
在实验室里繁殖这些细菌是可能的。
2. decrease v. (使)变小, (使)减少 n. 减少, 缩减
*But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130, 000 to around 10, 000, it also meant less food for the cats.
虽然病毒导致兔子的数量从十三万减少到了大约一万, 但是这也意味着猫的食物变得更少了。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs.
这个改变已经让这个国家主要的湖泊和水库减少了污染。
*Through the 20th century, forested area in the Philippines decreased from 70 percent to 20 percent.
整个20世纪, 菲律宾的森林覆盖率从70%减少到20%。
*The number of cyclists running traffic lights is on the decrease. 闯交通信号灯的骑自行车者的数量在减少。
*There has been a sharp decrease in sand dust storm frequency in the past 10 years.
在过去的十年里, 沙尘暴的发生频率急剧下降。
【词块积累】
(1)decrease by. . . 减少了……(指减少的差值)
decrease to. . . 减少到……(指减少后的最终结果)
decrease from. . . to. . . 从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
(1)表示“增加”的动词或动词短语常见的有: rise, increase, go up 等; 表示“减少”的动词或动词短语有fall, drop, go down, decline 和decrease。
(2) 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by; 表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。
(1)语法填空
①A local newspaper remarks that crime is on the decrease.
②The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
③The number of tourists has increased to 14, 000 million in the past two months.
(2)The number of the consumers who use our products is on the decrease. Therefore, we have to decrease our budget of next year from $100, 000 to $80, 000, which means it will decrease by 20%.
使用我们产品的人数在下降。 所以我们明年的预算要从10万美元降到8万美元, 这就意味着要降低20%的预算。
(3)Data shows that 2020 saw a sharp decrease in the firecracker sales since the ban on setting off fireworks was issued.
数据表明, 2020 年自从禁止燃放烟花爆竹的禁令颁布以来, 爆竹的销售量急剧下降。
3. trap n. 陷阱; 圈套; 计谋; 夹子; v. 诱捕; 设陷阱; 困住
*In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
在20世纪80年代, 人们用陷阱和狗来捕猫。
*Lacking the knowledge of handling computers has trapped them into trouble.
缺乏操作电脑的知识使他们陷入困境。
*(2019·天津高考)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.
我们在我们的专业领域获得成功, 随后就困在其中。
【词块积累】
(1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中
trap sb. into(doing) sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套; 使上当
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进……的陷阱
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱
(3)set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套
【知识延伸】
表示“被……所困”的除了be/ get trapped in 之外, 还有be/get caught in和be/get stuck in。
(1)语法填空
①The shopkeeper trapped me into buying(buy) their poor quality milk.
②Don’t fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.
③The bomb exploded, trapping (trap) victims in the building.
④In the Qixia mine accident, 11 trapped (trap) miners were rescued safely through our joint efforts.
(2)The world is so wonderful, so don’t get trapped in an unreal world.
这个世界如此精彩, 因此, 不要陷在一个不真实的世界里。
(3)If trapped in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately.
如果被困在电梯里, 请立即按紧急按钮。
4. owe v. 应该做; 对……负有……的义务; 归功于
*This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这种干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而拖延已久的结果, 但这是我们人类应该做的, 我们欠这个岛一个幸福的结局。
*Owing to the existence of the sports ground, various kinds of sports events have been held here, such as basketball tournaments, relay races, football matches.
由于运动场的存在, 这里举行了各种各样的运动项目, 如篮球比赛、接力赛、足球比赛。
*But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It’s a matter of principle.
但是如果你不欠他钱, 就不要给他钱。这是原则问题。
*He owes her wealth to hard work and good luck.
他把她的富有归功于努力工作和好的运气。
*Owing to his great work, Mandela was elected President of South Africa.
由于他的伟大工作, 曼德拉被选举为南非总统。
【词块积累】
(1)owe sb. sth. /owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe. . . to. . . 把……归功于……; 应感激……
(2)owing adj. 欠着的; 未付的
owing to=because of=on account of=due to
因为; 由于
【知识延伸】
如果owe 的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句, 可使用it作形式宾语, 充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。
The Long March owed its success to the heroism and revolutionary spirit of the Red Army, who overcame all enemies and conquered all difficulties instead of succumbing to them.
长征的胜利, 靠的是红军将士压倒一切敌人而不被任何敌人所压倒、征服一切困难而不被任何困难所征服的英雄气概和革命精神。
(1)语法填空
①First and foremost, owing (owe) to the long summer vacation, I can enjoy myself completely.
②My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.
③I owed it to the doctor that I survived such a severe accident.
(2)Owing to your help, I have made great progress. In other words, I owe my success to you.
由于你的帮助, 我取得了巨大进步。换句话说, 我把我的成功归功于你。
5. turn out 结果是; 证明是; 发生
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood.
事实证明, 仅仅看着绿色的, 生长的东西就可以减少压力, 降低血压, 给人好心情。
*It’s difficult to predict how things will turn out.
很难预测事情最终会怎样。
*You can’t expect everything to turn out as you wish.
很难万事如意。
*It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
结果证明正确答案为零。
【词块积累】
turn up 出现; 开大, 提高
turn off 关掉(煤气、自来水等)
turn on 打开(自来水), 打开(煤气、灯、电视等)
turn in 转身进入; 交出
turn to (向某人)求助; 翻到(……页)
turn down 调小; 关小; 拒绝
turn over 翻过来, 翻转
用上述短语的正确形式填空
(1)You must turn in your pass when you leave the building.
(2)Instead of turning down the offer, he accepted it gladly.
(3)What they expected to be the removal of a small lump turned out to be major surgery.
(4)He picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.
(5)He promised to come, but he hasn’t turned up.
(6)In the street, there was not a single man whom he could turn to for help.
6. explode v. 爆炸, 爆发; 突然增加; 勃然大怒
*Bombs were exploding all around the city.
城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。
*He suddenly exploded with anger. 他勃然大怒。
* The population explodes to 40, 000 during the tourist season.
旅游季节人数暴涨至4万。
【词块积累】
(1)explode with 因(愤怒)而发作
explode into 爆发出……
explode into laughter 哄堂大笑
(2)explosion n. 爆炸; 爆发; 激增
(3)explosive adj. 易爆炸的; 爆炸性的
(1)语法填空
①There is an explosion (explode) of interest in learning Chinese.
②The buried bomb will be very dangerous unless they are exploded(explode).
③He owes his success to the explosive (explode)growth of the export market.
(2)Seeing the messy room, the mother exploded with anger.
看到乱七八糟的房间, 母亲勃然大怒。
7. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也会想象出岛上的居住者, 包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅、象海豹, 几千年来与它们的自然栖息地和谐共处。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。how引导宾语从句; Nor would they fail为nor置于句首的部分倒装结构。
(1)部分倒装是把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面, 即助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语动词。
(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装, 高考常考的这类词有: never, not, nor, neither, seldom, hardly, little, not until, by no means, in no sense, at no time等。
*She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验, 那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
*(2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Not only has the racing improved the enthusiasm of students to exercise, but also enriched our campus life.
比赛不仅提高了学生锻炼的热情, 而且丰富了我们的校园生活。
*Not until the river was polluted seriously did they realize the importance of protecting the environment.
直到那条河被严重的污染了, 他们才意识到保护环境的重要性。
【知识延伸】
so+助动词/连系动词be/情态动词+主语: 意为“……也一样”, 表示前面的情况也适合另一个人或物, 此时该句为倒装句;
The boy is ready to help others and so is his brother.
小男孩很乐于助人, 他的弟弟也是。
(1)If you don’t go there, neither will I.
如果你不去那里, 我也不去。
(2)He enters for the competition every year and so do I.
他每年都参加比赛, 我也是。
(3)In no sense will I make the same mistake.
我决不会再犯同样的错误。
【要点拾遗】
1. incident n. 事件
*I sincerely hope that you can investigate this incident and proper measures should be taken to prevent such an incident happen again.
我真诚希望你能调查这件事, 并采取适当的措施阻止这类事件的发生。
*These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the two nations.
这些事件是两国争端中最近的几起。
【易混辨析】 incident/accident/event/affair
incident 既可指小事件或附带事件, 又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变
accident 一般用于出车祸和事故等非主观性、突发性的事件
event 一般多指重要的大事, 如国家的、历史的、或社会的大事件, 也可指体育项目
affair 通常指生活中一般的“事情”。affair指国家大事, 一般要用复数
用affair, event, incident, accident 完成句子
(1)One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
(2)He could remember every trivial incident in great detail.
(3)Michael said that his planned 10-day visit would be a purely private affair.
(4)The Olympic Games is one of the major sporting events.
(5)This program is designed to review the events of the past 15 days.
2. appetite n. 食欲; 胃口; 强烈的欲望
*(2019 天津高考) The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.
(臭豆腐的)气味毁了我的胃口, 我把这道菜推开了。
*He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
他头疼, 食欲不振。
*It’s good to have a good appetite but it’s not good to waste food.
有个好胃口是个好事, 但是浪费粮食就不好了。
*Knowing that you have an appetite for Chinese culture, I sincerely invite you to participate in it.
得知你喜欢中国文化, 我真诚邀请你参加这个活动。
*He says that he has developed an appetite for Chinese painting.
他说他已经培养了对中国画的兴趣。
【词块积累】
have an appetite for 渴望某事物; 爱好
have a good appetite 胃口好
loss of appetite 食欲不振
develop an appetite for 培养对……的兴趣
(1)Having learned that you have an appetite for Chinese history, I want to share the books with you.
得知你喜欢中国历史, 我想与你分享这些书。
(2)I am glad to know that you have a good appetite now.
我很高兴知道你现在胃口很好。
(3)I think you should develop an appetite for Chinese culture, which is helpful to your Chinese study.
我认为你应该培养对中国文化的兴趣, 这对你的中文学习有帮助。
3. conservation n. 保护
*(2018·江苏高考) We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation.
当我们督促国会增加农田保护的时候, 我们这些加入NYFC的农民需要得到广泛的支持。
*This conservation area is specially set up for giant pandas.
这片保护区是专门为大熊猫设立的。
*The factories have closed for the weekend to conserve energy.
这些工厂在那个周末关了厂以节省能源。
【词块积累】
(1)conservation area 保护区
water conservation 水源保护
environmental conservation 环境保护
conservation of energy 能量守恒(定律)
(2)conserve v. 节省; 保护
(1)Recycling this kind of waste also contributes to environmental conservation.
回收这种废弃物也有助于环境保护。
(2)But for many other species, living in a conservation area set for them is impossible.
但对许多其他物种而言, 生活在为它们设立的保护区是不可能的。
(3)We’re all aware of the need to conserve water in our daily life.
我们都意识到我们需要在日常生活中节省水资源。
4. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. 带着这个目标, 一种病毒被释放到岛上。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个with复合结构, “with+名词+介词短语”在句中作伴随状语。
*(2020 浙江高考) With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
在居民区没有和我年纪相仿的小孩, 所以我不得不自己度过好几个小时。
*(2020 全国Ⅱ卷改编)The son found there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
儿子认为有一位年轻女子坐在花园椅子上的那幅画有些不寻常。
*(2020 全国Ⅱ卷)About two hours later, with our baskets full, we went out, wearing tired but satisfied expressions.
大约两小时后, 我们装满了篮子, 带着疲惫但很满意的表情出去了。
*(2019 北京高考)It’s not just a ride; you are not just sitting there in awkward silence or with your headphones on.
这不仅仅是一段旅程, 你不仅仅是坐在那里尴尬地沉默或戴着耳机。
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中多作状语, 也可以作定语。常见的结构有:
(1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作)
(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动或已完成的动作)
(3)with+宾语+adj. (表状态)
(4)with+宾语+adv. (表状态)
(5)with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作)
(6)with+宾语+介词短语(表状态)
(1)语法填空
①With a guide showing (show) us around the scenic spots, we’re sure to have a good time.
②With all the tough problems solved (solve), he breathed a long sign of relief.
③With so many problems to solve (solve), he felt annoyed.
(2)As time goes by, I gradually realize the importance of health. (用with复合结构改写)
With time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health.
(3)With tears of gratitude rolling down her cheeks, she hugged the policeman tightly, saying “I couldn’t thank you enough. ”
感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来, 她紧紧地抱着那位警察说“我对你感激不尽”。
5. The cats in consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60, 000 each year. 结果猫把猎食目标转回到当地的鸟类身上, 每年多达六万只鸟死亡。
【句式解构】
该句子中killing up to 60, 000 each year为动词-ing短语作结果状语, 表示“预料、情理之中”的结果。
* The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊, 引起了人们对在校学生的安全方面的高度关注。
*A serious earthquake struck the area, making many people homeless.
一场大地震袭击了这一地区, 使得许多人无家可归。
【知识延伸】
动词不定式作结果状语时通常放在主句的后面, 表示出乎意料的结果, 其前常加only以示强调。
*He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文地来到新奥尔良市, 却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
(1)语法填空
①Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find (find)it didn’t fit.
②He glanced at her, noticing(notice)that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.
(2)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary (使得没有必要吹空调了).
(3)After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated (结果被告知阅览室正在装修).
拓视野·观天下
1. The chain restaurant has recently seen a 40% decrease in leftovers because of efforts to curb food waste, which also made garbage storage and sorting easier.
由于努力控制食物浪费, 这家连锁餐厅最近剩菜量减少了百分之四十, 也使得垃圾储存和分类更容易。
2. The incident has prompted renewed calls for Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)to be installed in Beijing subway stations so that timely assistance can be given to those who suffer a heart attack.
这次事件再次引发了在北京地铁站安装自动体外除颤器(ADEs)的呼吁, 为的是能给那些心脏病患者提供及时的帮助。
3. The president called on all countries to pursue win-win cooperation, rise above ideological disputes and not fall into the trap of the “clash of civilization”.
总统呼吁所有国家追求双赢合作, 超越意识形态的争端, 不落入文明冲突的圈套。
4. This means that the virus is extremely unlikely to infect and multiply in fish.
这意味着这种病毒极不可能感染鱼类并在鱼类身上繁殖。
PAGE
17Unit 5 A delicate world Using language
语法精讲·深化学习
it作形式宾语
观察上面对话, 并完成句子:
1. I think it easy for me to communicate well with the foreigners.
2. The roads were completely blocked, which made it impossible for villagers to get around.
3. I would appreciate it if you can give me a chance for an interview.
通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形, 即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构。
*The Ministry of Education criticized schools for making it compulsory for students to clock in and out at specific times of the day. 教育部批评了学校规定学生必须每天打卡的做法。
*(2019·江苏高考)Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.
他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值。
一、动词+ it + that从句
1. sb. find/believe/think/feel/consider/make+it+n. +to do/that从句, 如:
*Miss Green thought it a great honor to be invited to speak to all of us.
格林小姐认为被邀请为我们所有人演讲是一件很光荣的事情。
*The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。
*We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been canceled. 会议取消了, 我们都感到很遗憾。
2. sb. find/think/make+it+adj. +to do sth. /that 从句(宾语从句)
*I don’t feel it difficult to understand the math problem.
我觉得理解这道数学题并不难。
He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.
想做不可能的事情, 他认为这是完全没意义的。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.
在他的介绍之中, 他清楚地表明我们的学分不会轻易地获得。
【巧学助记】 6123结构
6指的是句中常用的六个谓语动词: think/ believe/ consider/ feel/find/make; 1指的是形式宾语; 2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式: 形容词或名词; 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式: 不定式, 动名词或that引导的宾语从句。
二、动词+prep. +it + that-从句
*To win the trust of the employees, your factory should see to it that accounts and operations are as transparent as possible.
为了赢得员工的信任, 你的工厂应该确保账目和操作尽可能透明。
*You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
你尽管放心, 我们会随时帮你的。
能用于此结构的动词不多, 常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for等。 that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。
三、动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句
*I took it for granted that he would help us.
我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们的。
*You must keep it in mind that you are a student and you should obey the school rules.
你必须要牢记: 你是一名学生, 你应该遵守学校规定。
由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中, 宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时, 须借用it。常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb. ’s attention, owe it to sb. 等。
*We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
多亏了你, 才没有发生严重事故。
四、动词 + it + when /if/that-从句
1. sb. +hate / dislike / love / like+it+when-从句
*Don’t you hate it when somebody shows up at a party wearing the same dress as you
你难道不讨厌有人穿着和你一样的衣服出现在派对上吗
*Don’t you just love it when the hero comes across the girl again after 8 years
难道你不喜欢男主角8年后再遇到那个女孩吗
2. sb. +appreciate/prefer+it+if从句
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。
*I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。
(1)I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
(2)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
(3)We feel it our duty to make(make) our country a better place.
(4)I find it hard for me to get on well with my classmates.
(5)I think it no use talking(talk) about it with them.
用it作形式宾语的句型简要介绍一下你对环境保护的看法。
1. 我认为保护环境非常重要。
2. 以前我们总是理所当然地认为自然资源取之不尽, 这对大自然造成了巨大的伤害。
3. 现在, 大部分人感到保护环境, 节约资源很紧迫。
4. 我们一定要确保采取有效措施阻止污染。
5. 我认为保护我们的地球是每一个人的责任。
I think it important to protect the environment. But we took it for granted that the resources are endless, which caused great harm to the nature. Now, most of the people feel it urgent to protect the environment and save resources. Therefore, we should see to it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution. At last, I think it our duty to protect the earth.
使用本单元所学语法知识按要求填空
It is not easy 1. to learn(learn) English though many people think 2. it easy. Once I found it difficult 3. to memorise(memorise) English words when I studied English. I even hated it 4. when I attended an English class every day. Do you find it hard 5. to master(master) English Last year, my best friends in America gave me some advice on 6. studying(study) English. When you study a foreign language, you should not depend on it 7. that others will help you. I think it useless 8. complaining(complain) about how difficult it is. I think it worthwhile 9. spending(spend) more time communicating with native speakers. And the more you learn English, the 10. more confident (confident) you will be. Finally, you will make rapid progress in English.
主题活动·话题实践
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. rely on 依赖, 依靠
2. prey on 捕食, 掠夺
3. feed on 以……为食
4. primary consumers 初级消费者
5. break down 分解
6. take in 吸收
7. contribute to 有助于, 促成
8. due to 由于
9. be responsible for 为……负责任
10. the food chain 食物链
11. ecological balance 生态平衡
12. release. . . from 把……从……中释放出来
Ⅱ. 话题情境
A: Dad, we learnt something about 1. the food chain(食物链), but I can’t follow it.
B: OK, boy. I’ll explain it to you. For example, plants 2. take in (吸收)sunlight to grow; the grasshopper(蚂蚱)eats the leaves of a plant; then a frog eats the grasshopper; a fish eats the frog; at last, the bear eats the fish. Just like the picture below.
sunlight→plant→grasshopper→frog→bear
A: I see. I see. What will happen if there are more bears
B: You know, the whole nature is a great food chain. If the number of bears increases, they will 3. prey on (捕食)more fish, and then the number of fish will decrease, which will affect the number of frogs, and at last, the whole 4. ecological balance (生态平衡)will be broken.
A: So it’s necessary for us to 5. keep the balance of nature(保持自然界的平衡), isn’t it
B: I think so. Protecting the nature is protecting ourselves.
A: I’ll try my best to protect the nature and I’ll call on my classmates to do so.
B: Good boy. Come on!
Ⅲ. 情境句式
1. What do you think / How about. . . / How are you finding. . . / What’s your opinion 你觉得呢 /……怎么样 /你觉得……如何 /你的看法是什么
2. You must be kidding. 你在开玩笑呢。
3. I’m serious. 我是认真的。
4. According to the statistic. . . 根据统计数据……
5. I don’t believe it. 我不相信这件事。
6. You can check it out for yourself. 你可以自己去看看。
7. I hold the view that/ As far as I’m concerned. . . 我认为……
8. I agree with you/I don’t agree with you. 我同意你的观点/ 我不同意你的看法。
Ⅳ. 情境交流
学生们正在就麻雀在自然界中的重要性展开讨论……
Teacher: One of the oldest species in the ecosystem, the sparrow has been in existence for millions of years. What will happen if sparrows die out
Student 1: I think without sparrows, we human beings would die out.
Student 2: 1. You must be kidding. (你一定在开玩笑呢。)
Student 1: 2. I’m serious(我是认真的). As we all know, sparrows feed on pests, so if the sparrows die out, the number of pests will increase sharply, then affecting the crop yield. We human beings won’t have enough food to eat. At last, we will die out.
Student 3: But 3. I still can’t believe what you said(我依然不相信你所说的). Sparrows can’t have such a great influence on us.
Student 1: If you don’t believe, 4. you can check it out for yourself(你可以自己去查查).
Student 3: OK. I will search some information on the Internet and I will share it with you tomorrow.
Student 1: It’s a deal.
Teacher: Just now we had a heated discussion about the influence of sparrows have on us. All of you did it very well and I’m looking forward to your more excellent performances tomorrow.
PAGE
6Unit 5 A delicate world
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
Earth Song(《地球之歌》), 是美国流行天王迈克尔·杰克逊于1995年发行的个人单曲。这首歌曲或许可以说是以“地球的名义”而唱的, 歌词内容大致是描述当时的环境和社会的破坏与不和谐, 表达了作者迈克尔·杰克逊对地球的热爱。
注: 听音填空
Earth Song
What about sunrise
What about rain
What about all the things
that you said we were to gain. . .
What about killing fields
Is there a time
What about all the things
that you said was yours and mine. . .
Did you ever stop to notice
All the blood we’ve shed before
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores
Aaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaah
What have we done to the world
Look what we’ve done
What about all the peace
that you pledge your only son. . .
What about ① flowering fields
Is there a time
What about all the dreams
that you said were yours and mine. . .
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores
Aaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaah
I used to dream
I used to glance beyond the stars
Now I don’t know where we are
Although I know we’ve drifted far
Aaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaah
Hey, what about yesterday(what about us)
What about the sea (what about us)
The heavens are ② falling down(what about us)
I can’t even breathe (what about us)
What about the bleeding Earth (what about us)
Can’t we feel its wounds(what about us)
What about nature’ worth
It’s our planet’s womb(what about us)
What about animals(what about us)
We’ve turned kingdoms to dust(what about us)
What about elephants (what about us)
Have we ③ lost their trust (what about us)
What about crying whales(what about us)
We’re ravaging the seas (what about us)
What about forest trails
Burnt despite our please(what about us)
What about the holy land(what about us)
Tron apart by creed (what about us)
What about the common man(what about us)
Can’t we ④ set him free (what about us)
What about children dying(what about us)
Can’t you hear them cry(what about us)
Where did we go wrong
Someone tell me why (what about us)
What about babies(what about us)
What about the days(what about us)
What about all their joy(what about us)
What about the man (what about us)
What about the crying man(what about us)
What about Abraham(what about us)
What about death again
Do we give a damn Aaaaaaaah
1. weeping adj. 哭泣的
2. pledge vt. 发誓; 保证
3. womb n. 发源地, 摇篮
歌词译文:
地球之歌
日出呢
雨呢
还有你说的那些
我们会得到的一切呢
消失的土地呢
有没有结束的时候
还有你说的那些
属于你我的一切呢
你可曾停下脚步
想想我们付出的血汗
你有没有看到
地球在流泪海岸在哭泣
啊——
我们对世界做错了什么
看看我们做错了什么吧
还有你向独子许诺过的
鲜花开遍的田野呢
有没有结束的时候
还有你说过
属于你和我的所有梦想呢
你是不是忘了
战争中死去的那些孩子
你有没有看到
地球在流泪海岸在哭泣
啊——
我曾经梦想
我曾经遥望群星之上
如今不知我们身在何方
尽管我明白我们漂泊了太远
啊——
嘿, 昨天呢(我们呢)
海洋呢(我们呢)
天堂跌落(我们呢)
我不能呼吸(我们呢)
流血的地球呢(我们呢)
我们难道不能感受到它的伤痕(我们呢)
宝贵的自然呢
那是我们地球的孕育地(我们呢)
动物呢(我们呢)
我们把他们的王国化为灰烬(我们呢)
大象呢(我们呢)
我们是不是已失去它们的信任(我们呢)
哭泣的鲸鱼呢(我们呢)
我们污染了海洋(我们呢)
森林小径呢
被我们违心地烧毁了(我们呢)
神圣的土地呢(我们呢)
被四分五裂了(我们呢)
普通人呢(我们呢)
我们可以给予他自由吗(我们呢)
奄奄一息的孩子呢(我们呢)
你有没有听到他们的哭声(我们呢)
我们这是怎么了
有没有人告诉我原因(我们呢)
婴儿呢(我们呢)
岁月呢(我们呢)
他们所有的欢乐呢(我们呢)
人类呢(我们呢)
哭喊的人们呢(我们呢)
亚伯拉罕呢(我们呢)
想再次死亡吗
我们真的不在乎吗
啊——
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