Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语写出正确的单词
1. take a first-aid kit 带一个急救箱
2. a clever and optimistic man 一个聪明而乐观的人
3. the mouth of the cave 洞口
4. limit the fuel consumption 限制燃料消耗
5. react to these crises 应对这些危机
6. a new monthly magazine 一本新月刊
7. orbit the planet 绕星球轨道运转
8. space agency 太空总署
9. infer from the passage 从文章推断
10. expose babies to strong sunlight 把婴儿暴露在强烈的阳光下
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
cope with, bring. . . under control, get rid of, be diagnosed with, react to, wipe out, consist of, in the meantime, be determined to, respond to
1. We’ll wipe out any enemy that dares to invade our territory.
2. The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.
3. We must try to get rid of our blindness and raise the level of our political awareness.
4. I may have made an enemy but won many friends in the meantime.
5. This office’s resources and staff would have to be increased to cope with the extra workload.
6. Firemen said they brought the blaze under control.
7. With the help of my teacher, I felt confident of my spoken English and I was determined to take part in the Speech Contest.
8. We wonder how he reacted to the news at that time.
9. The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they didn’t respond to social media posts quickly.
10. Sabin is one of millions of Americans who experience loss of memory and may eventually be diagnosed with dementia(痴呆).
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. One option is to explore(探索) other planets to see if we could live on them.
2. Since the 1960s, we have been sending (发送)unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
3. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data (发送回有价值的数据)and stunning images.
4. Although the two-year experiment was not a success(一次成功), it did provide us with a better understanding of (更好的理解)how humans might be able to live on another planet.
5. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants (成功地种植了多种植物)in an environment similar to that on Mars.
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Plan B: Life on Mars
What is our Plan B for Earth
the most likely choice Mars is 1. relatively close to Earth and has an environment 2. less hostile than that of other planets.
human exploration 3. Unmanned spacecraft to Mars has been sending back valuable data and stunning images. Space agencies are planning 4. manned missions.
challenges and accomplish-ments Sending people to Mars will require all the 5. skill, 6. courage, and 7. intelligence of the human race. A variety of 8. plants have been successfully grown in an environment 9. similar to that on Mars.
What should we do now Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to 10. take much better care of our own.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What’s the main idea of the passage
A. The earth is a dangerous place.
B. Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C. People are exploring another planet to replace the earth.
D. Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
(2)According to the passage, what is the most dangerous to life on our planet
A. Nuclear missiles. B. Environmental issues.
C. Fossil fuels. D. Terrifying scenes in films.
(3)Why is Mars the most likely choice
A. Because Mars has a moderate distance from Earth and suitable environment.
B. Because Mars has attracted people since ancient times.
C. Because we are interested in Martian exploration.
D. Because The Martian is popular all over the world.
(4)What can be inferred from Para. 4
A. Mars is bound to be our second home.
B. It is not possible to stay alive on Mars.
C. Mars is farther from the earth than the moon is.
D. Scientists have experimented with growing plants on Mars.
(5)What does the author mean by saying “Right now, it’s the only one we have! ”
A. Mars is the only planet we can live on.
B. We should take much better care of Mars.
C. Staying alive on Mars is impossible.
D. We need to live on Earth at present.
答案: (1)～(5)CBACD
3. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Human beings are faced with serious (1)environmental (environment) problems, which lead scientists to consider moving to Mars (2)where the environment is less hostile than (3)that of other planets. Mars (4)has fascinated (fascinate) people since ancient times and relevant movies also gain much (5)popularity (popular). Spacecraft and robots (6)have been sent (send) to explore Mars since the 1960s, encouraging more (7)countries (country) to plan manned missions. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars despite some challenges, (8)but human settlement of Mars is still decades away. We have to admit that (9)protecting (protect) our earth is the most urgent step right now. We need to take much better care of (10)our (we) own planet.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What do you think is the biggest difficulty for humans to live on Mars (Creative thinking创造性思维)
How to get the oxygen, water and food to support life.
2. Do you think humans will have to migrate to other planets someday Why or why not (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
No, I don’t think so. What human beings should do is to make the planet more habitable instead of abandoning it.
1. consumption n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量
*Food companies spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. 一些食品公司花费几百万美元, 想出新的方式来促进垃圾食品的消费。
*Instead, I was consumed with worry and determination to acquire basic survival skills. 相反, 我(大部分的时间都)消耗在了担忧和下定决心掌握基本的生存技巧上。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers.
最著名的设计师是中国人, 模特也是, 消费者也是。
*(2019·江苏高考)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
在现代人类中, 大脑约占总体重的2-3%, 但在身体休息时, 它会消耗身体25%的能量。
【词块积累】
consume v. 消耗, 消费; 烧毁
consumer n. 消费者; 用户, 顾客
be consumed with 被(某种情感)所折磨
time-consuming adj. 耗时的
【熟词生义】
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
这种神奇的食物主要是当地农民吃。 (吃; 喝)
(1)用consume 的适当形式填空
①Both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
②(2019·北京高考)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.
③Arguing about details of the meeting consumed three hours of our precious time.
(2)The fire consumed the wooden buildings.
大火很快就把那些木质建筑物烧毁了。
2. react v. (作出)反应; 回应; 起反应
*How do people and organizations react to these crises
人们和组织如何应对这些危机
*(2019·浙江高考) They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.
他们不确定美国人会对这种新型音乐作何反应。
*The experiment shows that iron reacts with air and water.
实验表明, 铁会和空气和水发生反应。
*There has been a mixed reaction to Biden’s election as US president. 对于拜登当选美国总统人们反应不一。
【词块积累】
(1)react to 对……作出反应
react on/upon 对……有影响
react against 反对
react with 同……起反应
(2)reaction n. 反应
in reaction to 对……的反应
(1)语法填空
①He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react).
②The rise of the charges for water and electricity will react on living expenses.
③Children often react against their parents by going against their wishes.
(2)一句多译
他对这个令人振奋的消息作何反应
What was his reaction to the exciting news
=What did he react to the exciting news
3. respond v. 作出反应; 回应
*Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to respond to it. 气温正在上升, 各国对此都没有反应。
*I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
*Zhao Lijian glanced at the unfriendly foreign journalist in response to his tricky question. 赵立坚瞥了那位不友好的外国记者一眼, 作为对他刁钻问题的回应。
【词块积累】
respond to=react to 回答; 回应
response n. 回答; 响应
in response to 作为对……的反应
make a/no response to 对……作出反应/没有反应
(1)语法填空
①Receiving a text does not mean you have to respond to it.
②These comments came in response(respond) to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
(2)In reaction to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life.
为了回应这一呼吁, 我改变了自己的生活方式。
(3)She made no response to my letter.
她没有回我的信。
4. get rid of摆脱, 除去
*(2020·天津高考) You can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.
你可以摆脱掉声音而不让那个小孩和他父母不高兴。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The bacteria in the International Space Station are hard to get rid of.
国际空间站里的细菌很难清除。
*Faced with so many people, I took a deep breath to rid myself of fears. 面对这么多人, 我深吸了一口气, 来消除恐惧。
【词块积累】
(1)rid. . . of. . . 使……摆脱或除去……
rid oneself of 使某人自己摆脱……
(2)be rid of 摆脱
get rid of 摆脱; 除去; 扔掉(动作)
【知识延伸】
“动词+某人+of+某物”常见短语还有:
(1)rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
(2)remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
(3)inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
(4)convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
(1)语法填空
①What you just said rid me of anxiety to take the exam.
②He was finally able to rid himself (him) of all financial worries.
(2)(2019·浙江高考)School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
校服在英国是很传统的, 但是一些学校开始废除它们。
(3)It won’t be long before we can be rid of the pest altogether.
用不了多久我们就能完全消灭这种害虫。
5. consist of由……组成; 由……构成
*It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它由一个封闭的空间组成, 人、动物和植物可以在其中共存。
*Our deeds must consist with our words.
我们必须言行一致。
*(2019·天津高考) Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
大多数食物网是由许多薄弱的环节而不是几个强大的环节组成。
* Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 成功在于能够在失败中继续努力。
【词块积累】
consist in 在于; 存在于
consist with 和……一致
consistent adj. 相符的, 一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
【知识延伸】
(1)表示“由……组成” 的短语还有 be made up of, be composed of。
(2)consist of 没有被动语态, 没有进行时态。
(1)语法填空
① A medical team consisting (consist) of five famous doctors was sent to South Africa.
②The result is consistent (consist)with what he described.
③His statement doesn’t consist with the fact.
(2)Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality
生活是由幸福和忧伤组成的, 而幸福和忧伤存在于奋斗中。记住: 你的理想生活并不总是和现实相一致。
6. infer v. 推定, 推断
*Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
选择可以从文章中推断出的表述。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to help students see their own strengths.
我们可以推断, Whaley项目的目的是帮助学生看到自己的长处。
*I inferred from what she said that you have not been well.
我从她的话中推断出你身体不好。
【词块积累】
从……中推断出……
(2)inference n. 推理; 推论; 推断
语法填空
(1)America and several European countries drew the opposite inference(infer).
(2)Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
(3)He inferred(infer) from the market survey that it had great market value.
7. expose v. 使暴露(于险境)
*We can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。
*He exposed the plan to several newspapers.
他向几家报社透露了这个计划。
*(2018·江苏高考)She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks.
她说, 社交媒体公司让孩子们面临巨大的情感风险。
*What should consumers do to reduce their risk of exposure
消费者可采取哪些措施来降低接触风险
【词块积累】
(1)expose. . . to. . . 暴露……给……; 使……接触……
expose oneself to. . . 使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 遭受到; (使)接触到
(3)exposure n. 暴露, 显露
【熟词生义】
To travel abroad can expose children to different languages and cultures. (使接触, 体验)
去国外旅行能使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
在expose. . . to. . . 以及be exposed to结构中, to为介词, 其后要用名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
(1)语法填空
①Being exposed(expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
②Take care not to keep your children exposed(expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.
③He smiled suddenly, exposing (expose)a set of amazingly white teeth.
(2)句式升级
在困难的环境中, 孩子们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。
①普通表达: Children are exposed to difficult situations. They are better at handling challenging situations.
②高级表达: Exposed to difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语)
8. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. 毫无疑问, 人类被吸引到了火星上, 梦想着创造我们的第二个家园。
【句式解构】
There is no doubt. . . 毫无疑问……, 后接that引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
*(2018·江苏高考)There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
毫无疑问, 完全依赖消费的评级是不明智的。
*(2018·江苏高考)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.
毫无疑问, 剧院为该地区的发展和经济增长做出了贡献。
*(2019·北京高考)In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.
在不久的将来, 不确定的将不仅仅是你在屏幕上看到的数字。
doubt用法小结
(1)There is some doubt意为“……值得怀疑, ……不太确定”, 后接whether引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(2)doubt作动词时, 其用法如下:
①在否定句和疑问句中, doubt 后面接that引导的宾语从句。
②在肯定句中, doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
(1)语法填空
①There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
②There is some doubt whether he will be elected president.
(2)There is no doubt that paper cutting plays an important role in Chinese culture.
毫无疑问, 剪纸在中国文化中起着很重要的作用。
(3)You can complain, but I doubt if/whether it will make any difference.
你可以抱怨, 但我怀疑这有区别吗。
【要点拾遗】
1. optimistic adj. 乐观的; 乐观主义的
*I hope that whatever will happen in the future, I still can remain optimistic and strive for my own dream persistently through thick and thin.
我希望无论将来发生什么, 我依然能保持乐观并不畏艰难地力争实现我的梦想。
*She’s not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
她对会谈的结果不太乐观。
*We may look forward with optimism.
我们可以乐观地展望未来。
【词块积累】
(1)be optimistic about 看好; 对于……感到乐观
have an optimistic attitude towards. . .
对……持乐观态度
(2)optimism n. 乐观; 乐观主义
optimist n. 乐观主义者; 乐天派
(3)pessimistic adj. 悲观的, 厌世的; 悲观主义的
(1)语法填空
①At one time I was an extreme optimist(optimistic).
②We must face future with optimism(optimistic).
(2)In my heart, you are so kind and optimistic that you always give me courage and energy.
在我心里, 你是如此的善良和乐观, 你总给予我勇气和能量。
2. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever.
即使第一批定居者安全抵达火星, 他们也可能永远无法返回地球。
【句式解构】
do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调, 意为“的确; 确实”。
*Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
尽管为期两年的实验并不成功, 但它确实让我们更好地理解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But the phrase “penny paper ” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
但是“便士报纸”这个短语引起了公众的兴趣, 然后很快就有了确实只卖一便士的报纸。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
由于我们的努力, 我们的女儿乔治亚决定捐赠一大包玩具给一个小女孩, 她的母亲因病无法支付她的假期费用。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. 它确实指出, 许多父母仍然限制电子阅读, 主要是因为担心孩子们看屏幕的时间增加。
(1)强调谓语动词用do, does或did, 也就是说只能强调一般现在时和一般过去时中的谓语动词, 其他时态一般无此用法。
(2)若强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分, 要用强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。当被强调部分指的是人时, 可用that或who; 其他情况一律用that。
(1)语法填空
He may not be an angel all the time, but he does(do) appreciate what you do.
(2)He did like reading when he was young.
小时候他的确喜欢看书。
(3)We do benefit a lot from the Internet, but it also has a bad effect on our life.
因特网确实让我们很受益, 但它也对我们的生活有着坏的影响。
如何写生存故事
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the story and pay attention to the structure of the passage.
A survival story often includes where they are stuck in
what the dangers are
how they survived
what they gained from the story
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 特色表达
the background of the story It has been a week since the other astronauts left 1. Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally 2. leaving me here alone.
dangers and solutions Fortunately, I have shelter, . . . The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. What’s more, . . . . . 3. Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discovered 4. an underground ice deposit. . . Now I am worried about 5. food.
feelings—confident and optimistic If I can solve that challenge, and if the 6. electricity supply holds, I can 7. survive until I am rescued. There’s still 8. hope!
你和李明参加了一次野外生存训练。下面5幅图画表现了野外训练的过程, 请根据图示写一篇英文日记。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 日记的开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: 指南针: compass 手电筒: flashlight 急救包: first-aid kit 宿营地: campsite
Saturday Apr. 20th, Sunny
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.
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完成句子
1. 李明的背包里有指南针和帐篷。
Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack.
2. 我的背包里有手电筒、地图、小刀、急救箱、火柴、蜡烛、食物和衣服。
In my backpack there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food, and clothes.
3. 在去营地的路上, 我们爬了一座小山, 然后游过了一条河。
On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river.
4. 在河边发现了一大块木头, 把背包推到上面。
We pushed the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river.
5. 当我们进入森林时, 我们迷路了。
As we got into the forest, we lost our way.
6. 然后李明搭起帐篷, 我生了火, 开始做饭。
Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made a fire and started cooking.
7. 我们学会了利用课堂训练中获得的知识来解决问题。
We learned to use knowledge gained in class training to solve problems.
句式升级
8. 把句1和句2合并成一个并列句
Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food, and clothes.
9. 把句3和句4合并成一个含有现在分词作状语的句子
On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river.
Saturday Apr. 20th, Sunny
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.
Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food, and clothes.
On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. As we got into the forest, we lost our way. Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass. By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made a fire and started cooking. The two of us spent the night in the forest.
We learned to use knowledge gained in class training to solve problems. It was quite a special experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题特点
本单元的写作项目是写一个生存故事, 属于记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主, 要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言, 使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素: 时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果交代清楚。文章的末尾可以发表自己的感悟、感想。
2. 话题词汇
(1)set off for a place动身去一个地方
(2)an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历
(3)look back on the past回首往事
(4)remind me of the event让我想起那件事
(5)show our determination 表明我们的决心
(6)be worth having a try值得一试
(7)lose one’s way 某人迷路
(8)put up 搭建
(9)a terrible fire一次严重的火灾
(10)break out/happen in/hit/struck. . . 发生在……
(11)get injured受伤
(12)cause sb. ’s death 造成某人的死亡
(13)cut off (电力等) 中断
(14)in ruins; fall into ruin成为废墟
(15)rescue拯救
3. 话题句式
(1)Although we lost our way in the forest, luckily, we found the right direction with our compass.
虽然我们在森林里迷了路, 但幸运的是, 我们用指南针找到了正确的方向。
(2)It not only impresses on us the importance of discipline but also teaches us how to cooperate with others.
它不仅使我们认识到纪律的重要性, 而且教给我们如何与他人合作。
(3)Through the program, we learned to apply knowledge gained in class to solving problems.
通过这个项目, 我们学会了运用课堂上学到的知识来解决问题。
(4)Armed with these qualities, we’ll be able to deal with difficulties better in future.
有了这些品质, 我们将来就能更好地处理困难。
(5)Most importantly, I became more confident.
最重要的是, 我变得更加自信了。
(6)The story reminded me of the own experience in an earthquake.
这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。
(7)Hearing the cry, I immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off my clothes.
听到叫喊声, 我立即冲到岸边, 没脱衣服就跳进了水里。
(8)The girl’s parents were very grateful to me and many people were greatly moved by my deeds.
女孩的父母非常感激我, 许多人也都被我的行为感动。
Robinson Crusoe(excerpt)
I still needed a lot of things. “Well, ”I said, “I’m going to have to make them. ”So, every day, I worked.
First of all, I wanted to make my cave bigger. I carried out stone from the cave, and after many days’ hard work I had a large cave in the side of the hill. Then I needed a table and a chair, and that was my next job. I had to work on them for a long time. I also wanted to make places to put all my food, and all my tools and guns. But every time I wanted a piece of wood, I had to cut down a tree. It was long, slow, difficult work, and during the next months I learnt to be very clever with my tools. There was no hurry. I had all the time in the world.
I also went out every day, and I always had my gun with me. Sometimes I killed a wild animal, and then I had meat to eat.
But when it got dark, I had to go to bed because I had no light. I couldn’t read or write because I couldn’t see. For a long time, I didn’t know what to do. But in the end, I learnt how to use the fat of dead animals to make a light.
The weather on my island was usually very hot, and there were often storms and heavy rain. The next June, it rained all the time, and I couldn’t go out very often. I was also ill for some weeks, but slowly, I got better. When I was stronger, I began to go out again. The first time I killed a wild animal, and the second time I caught a big turtle.
I was on the island for ten months before I visited other parts of it. During those months I worked hard on my cave and my house and my fence. Now I was ready to find out more about the rest of the island.
First, I walked along the side of a little river. There, I found open ground without trees. Later, I came to more trees with many different fruits. I decided to take a lot of the fruit, and to put it to dry in the sun for a time. Then I could keep it for many months.
That night I went to sleep in a tree for the second time, and the next day I went on with my journey. Soon I came to an opening in the hills. In front of me, everything was green, and there were flowers everywhere. There were also a lot of different birds and animals. I saw that my house was on the worst side of the island. But I didn’t want to move from there. It was my home now. I stayed away for three days, and then I came home. But I often went back to the other, greener side of the island.
And so my life went on. Every month I learnt to do or to make something new. But I had troubles and accidents too. Once there was a terrible storm with very heavy rain. The roof of my cave fell in, and nearly killed me! I had to build it up again with many pieces of wood.
I had a lot of food now. I cooked it over a fire or dried it in the sun. So I always had meat during the rainy months when I could not go out with a gun. I learnt to make pots to keep my food in. But I wanted very much to make a harder, stronger pot—a pot that would not break in a fire. I tried many times, but I could not do it. Then one day I was lucky. I made some new pots and put them in a very hot fire. They changed colour, but did not break. I left them there for many hours, and when they were cold again, I found that they were hard and strong. That night I was very happy. I had hot water for the first time on the island.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国作家丹尼尔·笛福的一部长篇小说。该书首次出版于1719年4月25日。该书主要讲述了主人公鲁滨逊·克鲁索(Robinson Crusoe)出生于一个中产阶级家庭, 一生志在遨游四海, 在一次去非洲航海的途中遇到风暴, 只身漂流到一个无人的荒岛上, 开始了一段与世隔绝的生活的故事。他凭着强韧的意志与不懈的努力, 在荒岛上顽强地生存下来, 经过28年2个月零19天后得以返回故乡。
cave 洞穴
turtle 海龟
roof 屋顶
fall in 塌陷
1. (语言能力)How did “I” got the things “I” needed
“I” did them by “myself”.
2. (语言能力)How did “I” got hot water for the first time on the island
“I” managed to make hard and strong pots to boil the water.
3. (文化意识)What did “I” mean when saying “I had all the time in the world. ”
“I” was alone on the island and had nothing else to do except for making tools.
4. (思维品质)Do you think “I” could finally get back to England Why
Yes, I think so. That’s because “I” had a strong will and was hard-working, and “I” never stopped thinking about escape.
读后感悟: ___________________________________________________________
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译文:
《鲁滨逊漂流记》(节选)
我仍需要很多东西。“好吧, ”我说, “我只能去做出来。”于是, 每天, 我都工作着。
首先, 我把我的山洞扩大。我从洞里运出石头, 经过许多天的艰苦劳动我在小山的一侧有了个大的山洞。然后, 我需要一张桌子和一把椅子, 这便是我接下来的工作。为此, 我不得不长时间地工作。我还想要找些地方存放我的食物, 以及我全部的工具和枪支。但是每一次我需要一块木板时都不得不砍倒一棵树。这是一项漫长艰难的工作, 在随后的几个月里我学会熟练地使用工具了。无须着急。我拥有世界上的全部时间。
我也每天出去, 而且总是随身带枪。有时我杀死一只野兽, 然后, 就可以有肉吃了。
但每到天黑, 因为没有灯, 我就只好睡觉。由于看不见, 我不能读书也没法写字, 好长一段时间我不知道该怎么做。但最终我学会了如何使用死兽的脂肪来点灯。
岛上的天气通常很热, 经常有暴风雨。第二年的六月一直在下雨, 我不能够经常出去。我也病了几个星期, 但慢慢地我好转了。当我强壮起来时, 我又开始外出。第一次我杀了一只野兽, 第二回我捕获了一只大海龟。
当我去参观岛的其他地方时, 我在岛上已有10个月了。在那几个月期间, 我为我的洞穴、我的房子、我的篱笆忙活, 现在我可以进一步了解该岛其他地方的情况了。
首先, 我沿着一条小河岸前行。那里, 我发现一片没有树木的开阔地。随后, 我到达了一片结着各种水果的树林。我决定多摘些果子把它们在太阳下放一阵晒干。然后就可以保存很多个月了。
那个晚上, 我第二次睡在了树上, 第二天便又继续我的旅行。不久, 我到了这些小山的开阔地。在我面前, 一片郁郁葱葱, 鲜花遍野, 还有各种各样的鸟类和动物。我明白我的房子是在这个岛的最糟的一侧。但我并不打算从那里迁移, 现在那是我的家。我在外待了三天, 然后回了家。但我经常回到这岛的另外的绿色的一边。
我的生活继续着。每个月我学会做点或制造点新的东西。但也总有麻烦和灾祸。一次一场夹着大雨的风暴来临, 我的山洞的顶层塌了下来, 差点就送了我的命! 我不得不用很多木材把它重新建好。
现在, 我有了很多食物。我把它架在火上烤或放在太阳下晒干。因此, 即使在雨季我不能够带枪外出时我也总有肉吃了。我学会做陶罐存放我的食物。但我非常想要做一个更坚硬、更坚固的罐子——一个放在火里不会破裂的罐子。我试了很多次, 可我没有成功。但有一天我太走运了。我做了几个新的罐子把它们放在旺火里。它们变了颜色却没有碎裂。我把它们放在那里好几个小时, 当它们再次冷却下来时, 我发现它们既坚硬又牢固。那个晚上, 我非常高兴。在这岛上我第一次喝到了热水。
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22Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. organized crime 有组织的犯罪
2. be greedy for wealth 贪财
3. catch the thief 抓住小偷
4. lamb of god 上帝的羔羊
5. commit a crime 犯罪
6. garbage collection 垃圾回收
7. hard to estimate 难以估计
8. appreciate our wild neighbours 欣赏我们的野生邻居
9. a crucial decision 关键性的决定
10. restrict urban development 限制城市的发展
Ⅱ. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空
1. It is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
2. Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.
3. Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.
4. Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction.
5. They frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
6. Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.
7. Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage.
8. However, they adapt to our ways of urban living.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
不管他犯了多少次罪, 警察都无力逮捕他。
2. It’s we humans who have moved into their territory.
是我们人类进入了它们的领地。
3. With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
由于无处安家, 它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起居住。
4. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有这样, 我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。
5. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins.
有证据表明, 城市浣熊比野生近亲更聪明。
根据给出的构词规律写出下列单词
1. -ment用于动词后构成名词
commit→commitment 承诺; 保证
move→movement 运动; 移动
treat→treatment 治疗; 对待
equip→equipment 设备; 装备
2. v. + out构成动词短语
figure out 解决; 算出; 理解
break out 爆发
drop out 辍学
work out 算出; 想出; 锻炼
set out 动身; 出发
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Who is to blame for stealing a bag of shopping
A. A greedy thief. B. An ordinary criminal.
C. A chacma baboon. D. A clever fox.
(2)Why had so many animals rushed into our cities
A. The human beings had cut down too many forests.
B. The human beings had moved into the territory of the animals.
C. The animals love the ways to live in cities.
D. The climate change had destroyed the way of living of animals.
(3)How can we learn that urban racoons are more intelligent
A. They could open the rubbish bins easily.
B. They can find homes in the containers.
C. They become active at night.
D. They are familiar with the hamburgers.
(4)Why do birds crash into windows
A. Because they fly too fast.
B. Because there are too many birds.
C. Because they have already changed their migratory routes.
D. Because they mistake glass for blue sky.
答案: (1)～(4)CBAD
2. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 无论这是多么真实, 我们也需要细想, 一些所谓的“城市动物”从来没有移动过——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。
译文: 有证据表明, 城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明, 因为它们经常要解决一些难题, 比如如何打开垃圾箱和其他容器, 而这些是它们在野外找不到的。
3. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Nowadays, more and more wild animals are entering cities. Most of us assume that urban (1)development(develop) and climate change push the animals out of their habitats. But it is humans (2)who have moved into their territory. Cities offer (3)increasingly(increasing) appealing spaces to animals as habitats. These animals can be out of reach from their natural (4)predators(predator). What’s more, (5)hungry(hunger) animals are finding plenty to eat. Urban animals are (6)more intelligent(intelligent) than their wild cousins. Some animals have changed their living habits to fit (7)in with their new homes. Some species are more affected (8)than others. These birds have yet to change their (9)migratory(migrate) routes.
We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours and (10)harmoniously(harmonious) share our urban habitats.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What wild animals are there in your school or community (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
Wild cat, pheasant, crow, sparrow and so on.
2. What will you do when you see them (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
I will feed them with leftovers and if possible I will make a nest for them because I think they are our friends and we human beings should live in harmony with animals.
要点精研·探究学习
1. hesitate vi. 犹豫, 迟疑不决
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) When they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through.
当他们遇到生活中的其他门时, 不论是真实的还是隐喻的, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开门走过去。
*In case you need something, please don’t hesitate to tell me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请毫不犹豫地告诉我。
*No matter when our motherland needs us, we will go without hesitation.
无论什么时候, 只要祖国需要, 我们就会毫不犹豫地出发。
【词块积累】
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事, 不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇; 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
(1)语法填空
①I accepted the job without hesitation(hesitate), as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr Davis.
②He never hesitates to help(help) me whenever I’m in trouble.
③He is still hesitating about whether to take part in the sports meeting.
(2)If you need more information, don’t hesitate to tell me.
如果你需要了解更多信息, 要毫不犹豫地告诉我。
2. greedy adj. 贪婪的, 贪心的, 渴望的
*Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后, 没有丝毫犹豫。
*Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable holiday.
汤姆为了有一个舒适的假期急着做家庭作业。
【词块积累】
(1)be greedy for. . . 渴望得到……
be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事
It is/was greedy of sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪
(2)greedily adv. 贪婪地; 贪食地
(1)语法填空
①Tom is so greedy for knowledge that he reads every book available.
②They are greedy to adjust (adjust) themselves to their new school.
③It was greedy of them to take possession of as much land as possible.
他们贪婪地占有了尽可能多的土地。
(2)Out of the hospital, he took off his mask and breathed the fresh air greedily.
走出医院, 他摘下口罩, 贪婪地呼吸着新鲜的空气。
3. commit v. 做出(错或非法的事); 犯(罪行或错误); 自杀; 承诺, 保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等); 全心投入
*You don’t have to commit anything over the phone.
你不用在电话里承诺什么。
*He was committed to the care of an aunt.
他被托付给一个姨妈照顾。
*He was a strongly committed comrade of the Party.
他是一个对党非常忠诚的同志。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.
你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。这很重要, 因为它直接关系到你的承诺。
【词块积累】
(1)commit sb. to(doing)sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事
commit oneself to(doing)sth. 答应(做)某事
commit suicide/a crime/murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀
be committed to 致力于; 委身于
(2)commitment n. 承诺, 保证, 已承诺的事
committed adj. 忠诚的; 坚信的
commit oneself to(doing)sth. 表示“专心致志于……”, to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。
(1)语法填空
①He committed himself to the study of plants.
②He committed himself to reforming(reform) health care.
③On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment (commit) finally bore fruit.
(2)写出下列句子中commit的意思
①Most crimes are committed by young men. 犯(罪行和错误)
②The President is committed to reforming health care. 承诺
③There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. 自杀
4. estimate v. 估计, 估算
*Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
最近的研究估计, 仅在美国, 每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而死亡。
*(2018·天津高考)The global population is expected to grow to 9. 6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
到2050年, 全球人口预计将增长到96亿, 一些分析家估计, 食物生产将需要增加50%才能维持目前的水平。
* (2020·天津高考)Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.
很抱歉夫人, 我低估了你, 因为我不知道你的背景。
*It’s estimated that 20% of the Amazon, the world’s biggest rainforest, has been cleared, mainly as a result of logging and farming.
据估计, 亚马逊热带雨林——世界上最大的热带雨林的20%已经被夷为平地, 主要是伐木业和农业造成的结果。
【词块积累】
(1)estimate sth. (at sth. ) 估计/估算/估价(为……)
be estimated to be/have 估计有……
estimate that. . . =It is estimated that. . . 据估计/估算
(2)estimate n. (对数量、成本等的)估计; 估价
a conservative/rough estimate 保守/粗略估计
(3)underestimate v. 低估
overestimate v. 高估
(1)We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much money would be required.
我们只能大致地估计需要多少钱。
(2)Teachers often tell us that one must have a correct estimate of himself and never underestimate his potential, nor overestimate his strength.
老师们经常告诉我们, 一个人必须对自己有一个正确的认识, 永远不要低估了自己的潜力, 也不要高估了自己的实力。
5. appeal vi. 有吸引力; 呼吁; 诉诸; 上诉
*As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.
随着我们的城市绿化越来越好, 它们越来越吸引寻找新栖息地的动物。
*(2019·天津高考)The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
那本书吸引了全世界350多年。
*She appealed to the High Court against the sentence.
她不服判决, 并向高等法院提起上诉。
*With this plan carried in the city, we can better appeal to people to reduce pollution.
随着计划在这个城市的实施, 我们能够更好地呼吁人们降低污染。
*Music has little/no appeal for me.
音乐对我没有什么吸引力。
【词块积累】
(1)appeal to sb. for/to do. . . 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb. 吸引某人; 投合某人所好
appeal to force 诉诸武力
make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁
have no/little appeal for sb. (几乎)对某人没有吸引力
(2)appealing adj. 吸引人的; 恳求的
appeal 用作名词, 通常与 to 或 for 连用; 用作动词, 通常与 to 或 against 连用。
(1)语法填空
①The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly appealing(appeal).
②We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
③In recent years, our government has been appealing people to save (save) water.
(2)Some educators appeal to the public to pay more attention to their physical health.
一些教育家呼吁公众要更加关注他们的身体健康。
(3)When it comes to my favourite sports, I must say it is table tennis that appeals to me most.
当谈到我最喜欢的运动时, 我必须得说是乒乓球最吸引我。
6. appreciate v. 欣赏, 赏识; 感激, 感谢; 理解; 意识到
*He knew how much we loved the place and that we’d appreciate the years of work they had put into their home.
他知道我们很喜欢这个地方, 我们会感激他们为这所房子所付出的数年的劳动。
*I would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to me.
如果您能帮我一个忙我将不胜感激。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.
我曾经写过一篇关于童话对罗尔德·达尔写作影响的论文, 这篇论文让我对罗尔德·达尔奇特而有趣的世界有了新的认识。
【词块积累】
appreciate作“感激, 感谢“讲时, 其宾语不能是人, 只能是物; appreciate后面也可以先跟it再跟宾语从句, 其中it为形式宾语, 指代后面宾语从句的内容, 类似用法的动词还有like, hate, love 等。
(1)语法填空
①I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account.
②As he grew older, his appreciation (appreciate) of art grew.
③I’d appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.
④None of us appreciate being made (make) fun of in our daily life.
(2)I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether you will come or not.
如果你能提前告知你是否会来, 我将不胜感激。
7. crucial adj. 至关重要的, 关键性的
*One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.
“城市动物”数量增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
*This focus was crucial to our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
这种专注对于我们获得任何突破性思维都是至关重要的。
*(2018·江苏高考) One crucial factor is secure access to land. 一个关键因素是土地的安全使用。
【词块积累】
be crucial to 对……至关重要
a crucial factor/issue/decision一个关键性的因素/问题/决定
It is crucial that. . . 重要的是……
(1)语法填空
Keeping world markets relatively open is crucial to the hopes of billions of people.
(2)It is crucial that we get this right.
把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
(3)One crucial thing to do is to clear anything urgent before you go away.
一个要做的重要的事情是在你离开之前要清楚任何紧要的事情。
8. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 只有到那时, 我们才能展望与它们和谐地共享城市栖息地的未来。
【句式分析】
句中only修饰时间状语then, 置于句首, 句子用部分倒装, 把情态动词can提前。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only then should you set your goals.
只有到那时你才能设定你的目标。
*Only when he graduate did he realize how much precious time he had wasted.
当他毕业的时候他才意识到他浪费了多少宝贵的时间。
*Only when we stop ignoring the problems can we make an actual difference.
只有当我们不再忽视这些问题的时候, 我们才能真正有所不同。
*Only in this way can the health of students be greatly improved.
只有这样, 学生的健康才能得到很大的改善。
(1)在only后作状语的是从句时, 从句不要用倒装, 要部分倒装的是主句。
(2)在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语, 则主句用倒装结构。如only后跟的是主语, 就不用倒装结构了。
(1)Only then did we realize the importance of working out/taking exercise regularly.
直到那时我们才意识到经常锻炼身体的重要性。
(2)Only when her friend was badly hurt did she realize her habit of finding fault.
只有当她的朋友受了重伤, 她才意识到自己挑毛病的习惯。
(3)Only through our joint efforts can we build a harmonious society.
只有通过我们的共同努力才能构建一个和谐社会。
【要点拾遗】
1. crime n. 罪, 罪行
*(2020·天津高考)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.
孤独是一个严重的社会问题, 会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。
*It’s a crime to waste so much money.
挥霍这么多钱是一种罪过。
*Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
教唆不满十八周岁的人犯罪的, 应当从重处罚。
*You see, this was not an ordinary criminal, it was a chacma baboon. 你懂得, 这不是一个普通的罪犯, 这是一只南非大狒狒。
【词块积累】
commit a crime 犯罪; 犯下罪行
criminal adj. 犯罪的; 刑法的, 刑事的; 不道德的n. 罪犯
(1)用crime的适当形式填空
①It’s a crime to waste food.
②In most people’s eyes, she was nothing more than a common criminal.
(2)If you commit a crime, you can never escape being punished.
你要是犯罪, 就逃脱不了受惩罚。
2. under construction 在建设之中
*Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction!
今天, 在伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸, 甚至有一只狐狸被发现生活在碎片建筑的72层, 当时它正在建造中!
*Many new buildings are still under construction.
许多新的大楼尚在修建中。
*Whether the bridge will be in use is under discussion.
这座大桥是否将被启用尚在讨论之中。
*Our country has taken effective measures to get drunk driving under control.
我们国家已经采取有效措施来控制酒驾。
【词块积累】
“under+n. ”表示被动意义
under consideration 在考虑中
under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中
under control 处于控制之下
under debate 在争论中
under the umbrella of 在……的保护下, 在……的管理下
(1)The old buildings which were damaged are still under repair.
那些被损坏的古建筑仍在修缮之中。
(2)We tried hard to get the fire under control, though we knew the smoke was harmful to our health.
尽管我们知道烟对我们的健康有害, 但我们还是努力控制火势。
(3)Your proposals are still under consideration.
你的建议仍在考虑之中。
(4)Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is still under debate.
污染是否与那种疾病有直接的联系尚在讨论之中。
3. However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
无论它们如何适应我们在城市的生活方式, 重要的是我们要更好地了解甚至学会赏识我们来自野外的邻居。
【句式解构】
*It is necessary/important/vital/surprising/unthinkable/strange/natural/a pity/essential后的that从句中谓语动词用“should +动词原形”, should可以省略。should有时带有感彩, 意为“竟然”。
*It is strange that the meeting should be put off till next week. 会议竟然推迟到下个星期, 真奇怪。
*(2018·江苏高考)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
真奇怪, 他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。
*It is important that we should wear masks to prevent the spread of disease. 重要的是我们应该戴上口罩来预防疾病的传播。
(1)It’s essential that we (should)hold a meeting to discuss the problem.
我们有必要下周开会讨论一下这个问题。
(2)It’s natural that girls pursue fashion.
女生追求时尚是很自然的事情。
(3)However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.
然而, 很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。
拓视野·观天下
1. Whatever the controversies behind the new trend, some traditional beauty on modern streets will indeed add a bit of vitality and diversity to urban life.
不管这股新潮流背后有什么争议, 现代街道上出现一些传统美确实会给城市生活增添一点活力和多样性。
2. Everyone in the country—from businesses to residents—must keep their food waste out of the garbage.
国家的每一个个体——从企业到居民——都不能把粮食丢到垃圾堆里。
3. Premier Li Keqiang said in his instruction that improving vocational skills is a crucial foundation for the country’s manufacturing and services industries to move to a medium-to-high level.
李克强总理在批示中指出, 提高职业技能是促进中国制造业和服务业迈向中高端水平的重要基础。
4. The British government introduced some measures. The measures will restrict where in a store promotions on such products can be advertised, and unhealthy promotions will not be allowed at checkouts, shop entrances or at the end of aisles.
英国政府出台了一些措施。此次出台的措施包括限制垃圾食品促销广告在商店的摆放位置, 禁止在收银台、入口处和过道尽头对垃圾食品进行促销。
PAGE
15Using language
语法精讲·深化学习
带有-ever与no matter的状语从句
观察上面对话, 并完成下列句子
(1)However true this is(不管这种认识有多少真实性), we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all. . .
(2)However they adapt to our ways of urban living(无论它们适应我们的城市生活方式到什么程度), it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
(3)Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities(不管这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么), one thing is for sure—as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay.
1. where/what/who/whom/when/which/how+ever表示“无论……”, 引导让步状语从句时, 相当于no matter where/what/who/whom/when/which/how, 二者可以互换。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
=No matter what the book is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 不管它是什么, 其结果都是对中亚最纯粹的传统的一种细致而生动的描述。
*No matter how late he comes back, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
=However late he comes back , his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
无论他回来多晚, 他的母亲总会等着他一起吃饭。
*(2019·北京高考)Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.
无论你处于人生的哪个阶段, 无论你走到哪里, 无论你在GDA做什么项目, 你都将在一个贫穷和偏远的社区中做出积极的改变。
*(2019·北京高考)Just as in a game of tug-of-war, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
就像拔河比赛, 每当一个人加入, 其他人会用更少的力拉绳子。
*(2019·北京高考)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
无论你喜欢做什么, 总会有一个方法可以(让你)参与地球日的各种活动。
*(2019·江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.
无论你的年龄和兴趣如何, 巴克斯顿总有一些值得一看或做的事情, 让你的参观真正令人难忘。
*However nervous he is inside, he never shows it on his face.
不管内心多么紧张, 他从不在脸上表现出来。
2. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句, 而“疑问词-ever” 还可以引导名词性从句。
*(2020· 天津高考)While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. (宾语从句)
虽然图书馆仍然可以借阅图书, 但你会发现由于地区图书馆的合作网络, 你更容易买到你要找的任何一本书。
*Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (主语从句)
任何违背法律的人都要受到惩罚。
*What he wants to get is whatever you have. (表语从句)
他想得到的是你拥有的一切。
*You may invite whoever (whomever) you like. (宾语从句)
你可以邀请你所喜欢的任何人。
3. however引导让步状语从句时的特殊用法
however本身具有副词的功能, 因此引导让步状语从句时其后紧跟形容词或副词。
*(2019·天津高考)We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
我们知道, 无论我们怎样努力取悦别人, 有些人永远不会爱我们——这个想法一开始很让人苦恼, 但最终会让人释怀。
*However hard we tried to persuade him not to come along, he wouldn’t listen.
不管我们多么努力地说服他不要跟着来, 可他就是不听。
(1)Wherever/No matter where you’re from, you can come to dance, dine, and take part in outdoor and indoor concerts.
(2)(2020·天津高考)However/No matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.
(3)If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however/no matter how great it is.
(4)Whenever/No matter when I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
(5)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or whenever/no matter when it is convenient for you.
根据汉语提示翻译下面语段。
1. 无论走到哪里我们都会看到野生动物受到了很好的保护。
2. 无论我们做什么事情, 我们都应该考虑到与野生动物和谐相处。
3. 无论谁进入野生动物保护区, 都应该遵守规定。
4. 不管在过去哪个时代, 野生动物保护都不如现在被重视。
5. 任何伤害野生动物的人都应该受到惩罚。无论多么严厉, 都是可以接受的。
Wherever we go, we can see that the wild animals are well protected. No matter what we do, we should consider living in harmony with wild animals. Whoever enters the wildlife reserve, he or she should obey the regulations. No matter which era it was in the past, wildlife protection has not been paid as much attention as it is now. Whoever harms wild animals should be punished. No matter how severe it is, it is acceptable.
COVID-19 swept across China in late 2019. Our government immediately took 1. effective (effect) measures for treatment and prevention. No matter 2. where you are, you can get free treatment from the government. In order to prevent the spread of the disease, the government had taken many measures. 3. Wherever you go, you had to 4. be examined(examine). The government called for people to be isolated at home. If you feel unwell, you should put on a mask and go to a designated hospital for an 5. examination(examine) immediately. No matter
6. where you go, you should wear a mask. However, no matter 7. how strict the government measures were, there were still some people 8. who broke the rules. They did 9. whatever they wanted to do. It has brought many difficulties to the defense of the disease. As citizens of China, we should actively cooperate no matter 10. what the government requires us to do.
主题活动·话题实践
Surviving in the Wild
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. knowledge of field survival 野外求生知识
2. identify the direction 辨别方向
3. search for water 寻找水源
4. survival training 生存训练
5. make a fire 生火
6. dig a cave 挖洞穴
7. make tools 制作工具
8. keep warm 保暖
9. stay together and wait for help 待在一起等待救援
10. keep calm 保持冷静
11. take a first aid kit with you 随身携带一个急救箱
12. never give up hope 不要放弃希望
Ⅱ. 话题情境
根据情境和提示完成对话。
A: Let’s have a 1. survival training (生存训练)this weekend, shall we
B: . Good idea. What necessities should we take
A: Let’s make a list. A tent, a flashlight, a knife and mobile phones. Anything else
B: A shade I think it’s also necessary because when we are caught in the wild, we can dig a cave to 2. keep warm. (保暖)
A: You have a point. What else Er. . . a compass We can 3. identify the direction (辨别方向)when we get lost in the wild.
B: I don’t think it’s necessary because our mobile phones are multifunctional.
A: No. You know in some places there will be no signal.
B: OK. Let’s list them in case we forget it.
A: Let me see. Oh no, we forget the most important things—food and water and we should 4. take a first aid kit with us(随身携带一个急救箱). Nothing else.
B: That’s all for today. If you think of something else, we add it to the list in time.
A: OK.
Ⅲ. 情境句式
1. What do you think / How about. . . / How are you finding. . . / What’s your opinion 你觉得呢 /……怎么样 /你觉得……如何 /你的看法是什么
2. I can’t agree more. 我再同意不过了。
3. I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。
4. Personally/ as far as I’m concerned. . . 在我看来/我认为……
5. What impressed us most is. . . 给我们印象最深的是……
6. It was. . . that touched us most. 是……深深地打动了我们。
7. What’s your take on it 你对此有什么看法
8. Who can tell me. . . 谁能告诉我……
9. It remains. . . 它仍然是……
10. With. . . , he survived on the deserted island.
凭着……, 他在孤岛上幸存了下来。
Ⅳ. 情境交流
英语课上老师和学生们正在讨论鲁宾逊漂流记。
Teacher: Boys and girls, Have you read Robinson Crusoe
Students: Yes.
Teacher: 1. Who can tell me the general idea of the story (谁能告诉我故事的主要内容 )
Adam: Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by Daniel Defoe. The protagonist(主人公) of the story, Robinson Crusoe, was born in a middle-class family and spent his life travelling around the world. On a voyage to Africa, he was caught in a storm and drifted to a deserted island, where he lived in isolation. 2. With his determination and strong will, he survived on the deserted island (凭着他的决心和坚强的意志, 他在孤岛上幸存了下来)and returned to his hometown after 28 years, two months and 19 days.
Teacher: 3. What do you think of the book/ What’s your take on it (你认为这本书怎么样 )
Lucy: Though the book was written in 1719, 4. it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. (它仍然是流传下来的最著名的故事之一)
Teacher: 5. What impressed you most(给你印象最深的是什么) about Crusoe
Jimmy: 6. It was his bravery and perseverance that touched us most. (他的勇敢和毅力深深地打动了我们。)
Teacher: 7. I can’t agree more. (我再同意不过了。)And I think this is what we should learn from him.
PAGE
6Unit 6 Survival
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
在2012年伦敦奥运会上被定为官方歌曲的Survival是由英国著名摇滚乐队缪斯(Muse)创作, 这是一首融汇着决胜信念的英伦摇滚旋律。
注: 听音填空
Survival
—Muse
Race
Life’s a race
And I’m gonna win
Yes, I’m gonna win
And I’ll light the fuse
And I’ll never lose
And I choose to survive
Whatever it takes
You won’t pull ahead
I’ll ① keep up the pace
And I’ll reveal my strength
To the whole human race
Yes, I am prepared
To stay alive
And I won’t forgive
the vengeance is mine
And I won’t ② give in
Because I choose to thrive
I’m gonna win
Race
It’s a race
But I’m ③ gonna win
Yes, I’m gonna win
And I’ll light the fuse
And I’ll never ④ lose
And I choose to survive
Whatever it takes
You won’t pull ahead
I’ll keep up the pace
译文:
生 存
演唱: 缪斯乐队
竞赛,
人生就是一场竞赛。
我会赢得胜利。
没错, 我将赢得胜利。
我将点燃引线。
我将永不失败。
我选择生存,
无论如何, 不计代价,
你绝无法超前,
我将保持这个步伐。
我会展现我的能力,
给整个人类。
是的, 我准备好了。
为保持不败,
我不会原谅, 我复仇的机会来了。
我绝不屈服。
因为我选择茁壮成长。
我将赢得胜利。
竞赛,
人生就是一场竞赛。
但我会赢得胜利。
没错, 我将赢得胜利。
我将点燃引线,
我将永不失败。
我选择生存,
无论如何, 不计代价,
你绝无法超前,
我将保持这个步伐。
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