2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分 复习课 教案（无答案）

英语个性化教案
年级 高三 科目 英语 教师
学生姓名 日期 时间
匹配的《课程实施方案》的内容 句子成分
课标要求 熟知句子成分（主谓宾定状补同）。
学习目标 会准确识别句子成分，并熟知句子的核心成分。
教与学过程
教师 的教 一、主语——动作的发出者或描述说明的对象 在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后；祈使句通常省略主语you。能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和主语从句等。 New members will receive extra guidance on Saturday mornings from 9：00 am to 11：00 am. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 每周六上午9点到11点新成员将会得到额外的指导。(名词短语作主语) Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life. 掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有被宣布。(从句作主语) [名师指津]　当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。 It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party. 很遗憾你不能参加我的生日晚会。(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句)
二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态 谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。(动词作谓语) He gets up at 7：00 am every morning. 他每天早上七点起床。 (动词短语作谓语) 2．复合谓语 (1)由情态动词或助动词加动词原形构成。 In this exhibition，you can see papercutting with all kinds of patterns. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) 在这次展览中，你可以看到各式各样的剪纸。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语) It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) (摄影展)将于六月十五日开始，持续三周。(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语) (2)由系动词加表语构成。 三、宾语——动作的对象或承受者 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句等。宾语的构成如下： 1．单宾语 I've already written the application and personal resume. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达) 我已经写了申请书和个人简历。(名词短语作宾语) I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. (2015·浙江卷·书面表达) 我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。(不定式短语作宾语) 2．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语) She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。(herself为间接宾语；a new dress为直接宾语) 3．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语) Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets. 医生经常建议我们多注意饮食。(us为宾语；to pay more attention to our diets 为宾语补足语) 四、表语——主语的身份、特征或状态 表语一般位于系动词之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 Papercutting is a traditional art form in China. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) 剪纸是一种中国传统艺术形式。(名词短语作表语) He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。(形容词作表语) 五、定语——名词或代词的修饰语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“· · · · · · ·的”表示。单个单词作定语通常位于被修饰的成分前，而短语或从句作定语时，则要放在被修饰的成分之后。 可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 The boy needs a warm hug. 那男孩需要一个温暖的拥抱。(形容词作定语) Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 最近几年我们校队的运动员赢得了很多乒乓球比赛的金牌。(介词短语作定语 ) The lady who is standing there is my mother. 站在那里的那位女士是我的母亲。(定语从句作定语 ) The temperature outside is －8 ℃，so you'd better put on more clothes. 室外的气温是零下八摄氏度，因此你最好多穿些衣服。(副词作定语) 六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为： 状语通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句首或句尾。 The carriage was extremely noisy. 车厢极其嘈杂。 (副词作程度状语，表程度，修饰形容词) He speaks English very fluently. 他讲英语非常流利。(副词作程度状语，修饰副词) I love my hometown very much. 我非常热爱我的家乡。（副词短语作程度状语，修饰谓语动词） Only in this way can you learn spoken English well. 只有用这种方式你才能学好英语口语。(介词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语动词) Actually, I am very fond of Tang poems. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 实际上我非常喜欢唐诗。(副词作状语，修饰全句) There will be an important activity in our school next Monday. 下周一我校将会有一个重要活动。（介词短语in our school作地点状语，名词短语next Monday作时间状语，均修饰全句） To make his dream come true，Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想，汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣。(不定式短语作目的状语，修饰全句) Given another chance, I will perform better. 再给我一次机会，我会表现的更好。(过去分词短语作条件状语，修饰全句) No matter how difficult the problem is, I must solve it. 无论问题多么困难，我都必须解决。（no matter how引导的从句作让步状语，修饰全句） As time went by, she finally forgave her father. 随着时间的推移，她最终原谅了父亲。 （as引导的从句作时间状语，修饰全句） 七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明 在主动语态的句子中，一些及物动词的宾语需要在其后加上一个补足语，对其作进一步补充说明，这样意思才能够完整和明确，该补足语叫做宾语补足语，宾语及其补足语一起构成复合宾语，二者之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。在被动语态中补充说明主语的成分叫做主语补足语。能够充当补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。 We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. 我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾补) To his surprise，Jack found his son dressed as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。(过去分词短语作宾补) We were warned not to cheat again or she would tell our parents. 我们被警告不要再一次作弊，否则她会通知我们的父母。(不定式短语作主补) 八、同位语——名词或代词的解释说明 同位语是一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。(students是we的同位语，都是指学生) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。(同位语从句作同位语，解释说明thought)
学生 的学 Ⅰ.按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上。 1．You must pay great attention to your pronunciation. 宾语_____________ 2． Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. 直接宾语_____________；间接宾语_____________ 3．Soon they all became interested in the subject. 表语_____________ 4．The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 定语_____________ 5．The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. 定语_____________ 6．She encourages her children to be brave and strong. 宾语补足语_____________ 7．You will find it useful after you leave school. 宾语补足语_____________ 8．Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 状语_____________ 9．I am afraid that if you've lost it，you must pay for it. 状语_____________ 10．Carol，an American teacher，will come to our school. 同位语_____________
检测目标达成 一．语法填空。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 二．短文改错。 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 三．分析下列句中划线部分的句法作用。 1. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. 2. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer. 3. The ocean's currents carry oxygen，nutrients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe. 4. Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth's climate. 5. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere 6. The people there were friendly to us. 7. We also visited the Monkey Island，an impressive attraction. 8. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. 9. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in the world！
知识 体系 构建 主语 （名词／代词／数词／不定式／动名词／从句） 谓语 （实义动词／情态动词+实义动词／助动词+实义动词／系动词+表语） 宾语（名词／代词／数词／不定式／动名词／从句） 句子成分 表语（形容词／介词短语／名词／代词／数词／不定式／动名词／分词／从句） 定语（形容词／介词短语／名词／代词／数词／不定式／动名词／分词／从句） 状语（形容词／副词／介词短语／名词／不定式／分词／从句） 补足语（形容词／副词／介词短语／不定式／分词） 同位语（名词／从句等）
学生成长记录 学生的接受程度： 5 4 3 2 1 ______________________________
学生的课堂表现：很积极□ 比较积极□ 一般积极□ 不积极□ ___________________________
学生本次作业完成情况：优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 存在问题 _____________________________
学管师（ 班主任） _______________________________________________________________
学生 签字 班主任审批 教务主管审批
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