Extended reading & Project
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据英文释义写出正确的单词
1. the pointed top of a mountain peak
2. to tell the public about a product advertise
3. to make sth. become better or more successful boost
4. to buy sth. purchase
5. (something) worth remembering memorable
6. to pay the costs of a particular event, programme, etc. as a way of advertising sponsor
7. an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of sth. discount
8. to make sb. laugh or smile amuse
9. a band of radio waves used for broadcasting television channel
10. the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour psychology
Ⅱ. 选词填空
get across; brighten up; in short; in other words; hand in hand; appeal to; search for; be tailored for; be linked with; be based on
1. Fresh flowers will brighten up any room in the house.
2. In short, I like online reading more than paper reading.
3. You have to get across what it is.
4. In other words, he is determined to reach his destination.
5. I saw them making their way, hand in hand, down the path.
6. I had a feeling that the challenge appealed to him. All he needed was persuasion.
7. You can use a directory service to search for people on the Internet.
8. All our courses can be tailored for the need of individuals.
9. Knowledge must be linked with training, practical experience.
10. The novel is based on his travels in India.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements(广告也在增长).
2. You will hear a variety of slogans any time you turn on the TV(任何时候你打开电视).
3. I was concerned that the students and the senior residents wouldn’t get along easily, but it turned out to be the exact opposite(结果却恰恰相反).
阅读精析·合作学习学
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Advertising: the power of persuasion
Part 1. What is advertising exactly ①the activity of promoting a product or service
Part 2. The relationship between advertising and the mass media ②have developed hand in hand
Part 3. The functions of advertising ③a perfect vehicle for advertisers
Part 4. Persuading ways of advertising ④create a memorable slogan⑤link company or product to a “brand ambassador”⑥product placement used in films and TV shows
Part 5. The future of advertising ⑦will be tailored to specific needs
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)From Paragraph 1, we learn that advertisements .
A. exist in everyone’s daily life
B. are disturbing everyone’s life
C. can promote any product or service
D. can determine what one buys
(2)What is the relationship between advertising and the mass media
A. Old newspapers had a negative effect on advertisements.
B. Smartphone apps make the biggest difference to advertisements.
C. Advertisements promoted the development of the mass media.
D. Advertisements are growing hand in hand with the mass media.
(3)What kind of person is likely to be chosen as a brand ambassador
A. A famous actor who runs a business.
B. A sports star who likes fast food.
C. A fictional character who is popular.
D. Any celebrities who look sweet.
(4)Which of the following is an advertisement that is not so obvious
A. A slogan.
B. A brand ambassador.
C. Game equipment with real brand names.
D. Goods displayed in the shops.
(5)What will be the biggest feature of the advertisements in the future
A. It will be more digital and personalized.
B. It will give us bigger and special discounts.
C. It will reach more people than ever before.
D. It will be more personalized and efficient.
答案: (1)～(5)ADCCD
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Advertising, an activity of (1)promoting a product or service and trying (2)to persuade you to buy a product or service, has become part of our modern life. As media channels have grown in number and type, so have (3)advertisements. When a company wants to promote a product or service, it often (4)launches a mass media advertising campaign. (5)Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people (6)into purchasing their products or services, including creating a (7)memorable slogan, linking their company or product (8)to a “brand ambassador”and using product (9)placement in films and games. Advertising in the future will be more personalized and (10)tailored to specific needs.
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service(when引导的时间状语从句), it often launches a mass media advertising campaign(why引导的表语从句).
译文: 这就是为什么当一家公司想推销一种产品或服务时, 它通常会发动一场大众媒体广告运动。
(2)Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable(not only置于句首, 句子部分倒装) them to see What they are most interested in(what引导宾语从句), but(连接并列分句) it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales(不定式短语作目的状语).
译文: 这不仅会让他们觉得更有价值, 让他们看到自己最感兴趣的东西, 而且也会帮助公司更有效地锁定客户, 对销售产生积极的影响。
(3)Though it was the first time many of the students had taken part in a volunteer programme like this(让步状语从句), they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents, such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer.
译文: 虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目, 但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题, 譬如如何使用手机和使用电脑上网。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What should we do when living in an explosion of advertising (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
The purpose of advertising is to promote the sale of products. We should consume wisely and choose goods according to our personal preferences and needs instead of the advertisements.
2. How can you, if you are a journalist, make your reports seem convincing and accurate (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
Use a quote, and always introduce who you are quoting and use the exact words that they said. Use indirect speech with reporting verbs like say, tell or ask.
要点精研·探究学习
1. advertisement n. 广告, 启事, 广告活动, 广告宣传
*I have seen your company’s advertisement and am keen to gain more detailed information.
我看到了贵公司的广告, 渴望得到更详细的信息。
*If you want to appeal to more customers, try advertising in the local paper.
如果你要吸引更多顾客, 就试试在当地报纸登广告。
*We are currently advertising for a new sales manager.
目前我们公开征聘一位新的销售经理。
【词块积累】
(1)publish an advertisement 发布一则广告
(2)advertise for 登广告征求(寻找)某物; 登招聘(待聘等)广告
【熟词生义】
I wouldn’t advertise the fact that you don’t have a work permit.
我不会向外声张你没有工作许可证这件事。(v. 展现, 宣传)
(1)语法填空
①While I was looking through the news online, up came an advertisement (advertise)for cars.
②We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.
(2)You should try to put an advertisement on the notice board of the post office where a lot of great services are advertised.
你应该设法在邮局的布告栏上登个广告, 那里有很多很棒的服务在做广告。
2. persuade v. 说服; 使信服
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.
我知道店员会有多生气, 但我试着说服他们保持微笑。
*Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.
广告说服我们越新越好, 以及我们使用最新的产品会更开心。
*I persuade him into studying hard so that he can realize his dreams and live a better life.
我劝说他努力学习, 这样他才能实现梦想, 过上更好的生活。
*After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come.
耐心劝说了一下, 他就同意来了。
【词块积累】
(1)persuade sb. to do sth.
=persuade sb. into doing sth.
persuade sb. not to do sth.
=persuade sb. out of doing sth.
persuade sb. of sth. /that. . . 使某人相信……
(2) persuasion n. 说服; 说服力; 信念
(3) persuasive adj. 有说服力的; 劝诱的, 劝说的
persuade sb. to do sth. =convince sb. to do sth. =persuade sb. into doing sth. =talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事(强调结果, 成功说服)
try to persuade sb. to do sth. =advise sb. to do sth. 尽力说服某人做某事(强调过程, 不一定能说服对方)
(1)用persuade的适当形式填空
①She managed to persuade her husband to give up smoking, but failed.
②Our job, therefore, is not only change, but persuasion.
③No matter how persuasive you are, there will be objections.
(2)句型转换
I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.
=I allowed myself to be persuaded to enter the competition.
【补偿训练】
(1)语法填空
He will doubtless try and persuade his colleagues to change (change)their minds.
(2)Maybe you should persuade your father out of drinking because it does harm to his health.
也许你应该劝你的父亲不要喝酒, 因为这对他的健康有害。
3. be linked with与……有关; 与……相连
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The purpose of the HUNCH program is to link space technology with school education.
HUNCH计划的目的是将空间技术与学校教育联系起来。
*If they like your stuff, they will link to you.
如果他们喜欢你的东西, 他们会联系你。
*The ability to praise someone else does not seem to be linked with a person’s ability.
称赞别人的能力似乎与个人能力无关。
*There is strong evidence of a link between exercise and a healthy heart.
有充分的证据证明锻炼与心脏健康有联系。
【词块积累】
(1)link. . . with. . . =link. . . to. . . 把……连接到……; 与……有关; 与……有联系
(2)link n. 环节; 联系, 关系
a link between. . . and. . . ……和……之间的联系
(1)语法填空
①(2019·天津高考)Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links (link)rather than a few strong ones.
②Whether pollution is directly linked(link) to the disease is under debate.
(2) There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to/with exposure to the sun.
有令人信服的证据表明皮肤癌与暴露在阳光下有关。
4. memorable adj. 难忘的, 值得纪念的
*(2019·江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.
无论你的年龄或兴趣是什么, Buxton都有可以看或做的事情, 使你的参观真正难忘。
*A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士, 一部电影即将开拍。
*In the part of prize-awarding, every volunteer was issued with a Certificate of Excellent Volunteer and memorial postcards.
在颁奖环节中, 每个志愿者都获得了“优秀志愿者证书”和纪念明信片。
【词块积累】
(1)memory n. 记忆, 记忆力; 内存, [计] 存储器; 回忆
in memory of 为了纪念……
(2)memorize vt. 记住, 背熟; 记忆
(3)memorial n. 纪念仪式; 纪念物;
adj. 纪念的, 追悼的
a memorial statue/prize 纪念像/奖
(1)语法填空
①I still remember the hard-working memorable(memory) time in high school.
②People have to memorize (memory)about 600 characters before they can do even basic reading and writing.
(2)The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a poet in ancient China.
端午节是为了纪念屈原, 中国古代的一位诗人。
(3)The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman.
这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。
5. get across被传达, 被理解, 把……讲清楚
*(2020·浙江高考)Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.
每出戏都有一个主题或中心思想, 剧作家希望通过对话和动作来传达这个主题或中心思想。
*(2021·浙江高考)His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while. ”
他自己的孩子现在已经养成了在外面玩耍的习惯: “我们只要把他们送到花园里, 告诉他们暂时不要回来。”
*Telephones are down so he can’t get through.
电话出了故障, 所以他打不通。
【词块积累】
get on 上(车、船等); 进展, 进行; 相处
get off 下(车、船等)
get into 进入; 陷入; 养成
get on/along (well) with
进展(顺利); 与……相处(得好)
get around 四处走动(旅行); (消息等)传播
get through 通过; 完成; 接通(电话)
(1)语法填空
①She found it difficult to get on/along with her, possibly because of the difference in their ages.
②I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.
(2)To avoid forgetting to follow your plan, try to get into the habit of looking at your calendar every day.
为避免忘记遵循计划, 要养成每天看日历的习惯。
【补偿训练】语法填空
(1)After getting off the train, we got into the car and headed for the airport.
(2)I felt victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him.
6. absorb v. 理解, 掌握; 吸收; 吸引全部注意力
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.
事实上, 大多数人只吸收了演讲者所传达的20%的信息。
*He lay down here, drew straw over himself, and was soon absorbed in thinking.
他躺在这里, 用稻草盖住自己, 很快就陷入了沉思。
*Pay attention to new media, absorb new technologies and go your own way.
要重视新媒体, 吸收新技术, 走自己的路。
*Every day he took a mysterious book out of his desk and absorbed himself in it when he was free.
他天天从课桌里拿出一本神秘的书, 趁有空的时候就潜心研读。
【词块积累】
(1)absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
absorb oneself in 全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的, 专心致志的
(be) absorbed in 全神贯注于, 专注于
【知识延伸】
“全神贯注于”的其他常见表达:
be buried in/be occupied in/be lost in
(1)语法填空
①Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
②A good book could absorb our (we) attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.
(2)When we played the video at the graduation ceremony, students and teachers got/were absorbed in it.
当我们在毕业典礼上播放视频时, 学生和老师都很专注。
(3)I especially enjoy myself in painting class, it really makes me happy, calm and absorbed.
我特别喜欢画画课, 它让我真正的开心、平静和专注。
7. discount n. 折扣vt. 打折出售
*Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.
现在我们有10天的特别优惠, 在这期间您可以享受半价折扣和免费送货。
*The news reports were being discounted as propaganda.
人们认为这些新闻报道不过是为了宣传, 不可全信。
*Energy drinks give you less energy if you buy them at a discount.
你打折买来的能量饮料, 为你提供的能量会变少。
【词块积累】
(1)at a discount 打折扣; 不受欢迎, 没销路
get/give/offer a discount 得到/给予/提供折扣
discount rates/prices 贴现率; 折扣价
(2)discount sth. as sth. 认为……不重要; 对……不全信
【知识延伸】
(1)count v. 数; 计数; 认为, 看作; 重要, 有价值; 算作
count. . . as. . . 把……看作……
count in/out 把/不把……计算在内
count on/upon 指望, 依靠
count on it that. . . 依靠/指望……
(2)countable adj. 可数的
countless adj. 无数的, 数不尽的
(1)语法填空
①We have made an adjustment and give you a special discount(discount) of 3 percent.
②Her sincere explanation was discounted(be discount) as a lie.
(2) Honesty will never be at a discount.
诚实永远是受欢迎的。
【补偿训练】语法填空
(1)The whole team counts on Lang, and she seldom lets them down.
(2)It is not the activities we organize but our classmates’ involvement that counts (count).
(3)(2019·天津高考) However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless (count)ways.
8. tailor v. 专门制作, 定做n. 裁缝
*You’ll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on.
你会得到更多的问题, 讨论将针对你最需要帮助的方面。
*Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.
史密斯先生让裁缝按他自己的尺寸做了几件新衣服。
*Her new colleagues have reviewed her resume and helped her tailor it for health care jobs.
她的新同事们看了她的简历, 帮助她改动使之更适合健康护理工作。
【词块积累】
(1)tailor sth. to/for sb. /sth. 为……专门制作; 使……适合……
(2)tailored adj. 定制的; 合身的; (为特殊目的或人)制作(或修改)的
be tailored to (do) sth. 根据……定制; 适合于
(1)语法填空
①He came in, dressed in a beautifully tailored (tailor) suit.
②Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.
③Arrangements can be tailored to meet (meet)individual requirements.
(2)Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups.
制订特殊课程, 以满足特定群体的需要。
9. brighten up(使)增添乐趣; (使)明亮
*(2020·天津高考) The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit.
看到她精神抖擞的样子, 总统眼前一亮。
*A personal letter will usually brighten up a person’s day.
一封私人来信往往就能使人一天心情愉快。
【词块积累】
cheer up 使高兴; 使振奋
come up 走近; 发生; 开始; 上升; 发芽; 被提出
make up 编造(说法、解释等); 组成; 弥补; 化妆; 和好; 整理
light up 照亮; 点亮
take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起; 占据; 开始从事
pick up 拾起; 接收(信号); (偶然)学会; 得到; 用车接; 好转
(1)选用适当的短语填空
pick up, take up, come up
①(2021·浙江高考)However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours.
②Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
③(2019·天津高考)On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they’re not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break.
(2) Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.
一到教室, 作者就因受到热烈欢迎而精神振奋。
(3)Bright curtains can cheer/brighten/light up a dull room.
色彩鲜艳的窗帘可以让单调的房间变得亮丽起来。
10. amuse v. (提供)消遣, 逗笑
*Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.
不是每个人都以同样的方式体验愤怒; 一个人的愤怒可能会让另一个人开心。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete for people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间和金钱。
*Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.
这消息既使丹感到惊奇又使他感到好笑。
*You come over as a capable and amusing companion.
你让人觉得是一个能干而有趣的同伴。
【词块积累】
(1) amuse oneself with 以……自娱
(2) amusement n. [U]娱乐, 消遣; [C]娱乐活动
to one’s amusement 让人感到愉快(有趣) 的是
(3)amused adj. 感到有趣的
be amused at(with/by) 以……为乐, 对……感到有趣
(4)amusing adj. 有趣的, 引人发笑的
(1)语法填空
①Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused (amuse)but also builds up their strength.
②He had a terrific sense of humour and was hardly amused(amuse) at many things.
③“I don’t really see this experiment as scary, I see it almost as an amusement (amuse), ”she said.
④Apparently the girls are not at all amused (amuse)by the whole business.
(2)It was too rainy to play outside, so she amused herself with a book.
雨太大了, 不适合在外面玩, 所以她看书消遣。
(3)To our amusement, the actor jumped on and off the stage.
使我们感到好笑的是, 那个演员在舞台上跳上跳下。
11. The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product. 我们越喜欢品牌大使, 我们就越会被吸引去购买产品。
【句式解构】句中“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构, 意为“越……, 就越……”。
*The closer you are, the more you’ll see.
你离得越近, 看到的就越多。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.
的确, 我年纪越大, 就越觉得时间长了翅膀。
*(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
我们看得越多, 就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。
the+比较级, the+比较级
“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构的具体用法如下:
(1)意为“越……, 就越……”, 主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的, 表示后面一方随前面一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看, 第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(通常用一般现在时或一般过去时; 表示将来意义时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来); 第二个“the+比较级”是主句(通常使用一般将来时或过去将来时, 有时也可用一般现在时或一般过去时)。
(1)语法填空
(2019·浙江高考)Usually, the stranger (strange) the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
(2)The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.
问题越难, 他回答出来的可能性就越小。
(3)If you study harder, you will make greater progress in your study.
→The harder you study, the greater progress you will make in your study.
【要点拾遗】
1. in other words换句话说
*In other words, we really must explain why we are doing it.
换句话说, 我们真的必须解释我们为什么这样做。
*In a word, we must try our best to protect our environment.
总之, 我们必须尽力保护我们的环境。
*You must keep your word when you promise the children something.
当你给孩子许下诺言的时候你就要信守诺言。
*Word came that the audiences were not satisfied with the commercial performance.
消息传来说, 观众对这次商业演出不满意。
【词块积累】
in a/one word 总之; 简言之
keep/break one’s word 遵守诺言/食言
Word came that. . . 有消息传来……(此时word为不可数名词)
【易混辨析】
have a word with 与have words with 谈话还是争吵
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人争吵
(1)语法填空
①Word came that their headmaster would soon visit our school.
②She will be very busy at the weekend. In other words, she won’t be able to come to our party.
(2)In a/one word, the trip will be both relaxing and rewarding, which is bound to be a memorable experience for you.
总之, 这次旅行既轻松又有益, 这对你来说一定是一次难忘的经历。
【补偿训练】
选词填空(have a word with /have words with)
(1)He told me that he had words with the manager and lost his position.
(2)Being the office supervisor, I had to have a word with a new employee who never arrived at work on time.
2. appeal to呼吁; 恳求; 对……有吸引力, 使……感兴趣
*The advertisement has deeply appealed to me, so I want to apply for the position.
这个广告深深吸引了我, 所以我想申请这个职位。
*Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。
*While the book will be welcomed by scholars, it will appeal to the general readers.
这本书将受到学者们的欢迎, 同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。
*Spending the holidays in Britain wasn’t a prospect that I found particularly appealing.
在英国度假对我并没有什么特别的吸引力。
【词块积累】
(1)appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事而向某人呼吁
(2)appealing adj. 有感染力的; 有吸引力的
(1)语法填空
①The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
②Police have appealed for witnesses to come (come)forward.
③Fewer emissions, cheaper travel sounds pretty appealing(appeal).
(2)(2020·江苏高考)Why do such documentaries about China appeal to foreigners
为什么这些关于中国的纪录片会吸引外国人
3. turn out生产; 结果是; 证明是
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
结果并不如我所愿。
*In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to.
在危难关头我知道能投靠哪些朋友。
*I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.
我喜欢接受挑战做别人拒绝做的工作。
*Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.
别担心, 我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。
【词块积累】
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn up 出现, 露面; 调大(声音)
turn down 关小; 调低; 拒绝
turn in 上交; 归还
turn to 求助于, 转向
turn over 翻动; 移交
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
②(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
③However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell phone or cut off the Internet.
(2)(2019·天津高考)The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
事实证明, 这本书在350多年的时间里一直吸引着全世界。
4. We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. 我们吸收这些营销信息时并没有过多地考虑它们, 但它们可能会在我们下次购物时对我们产生影响。
【句式解构】
句中the next time在这里作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“下次……时”。
*(2020·天津高考)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
—Good point. I will.
——下次你去拜访鲍勃时, 记得提前给他打个电话。
——说得好, 我会的。
*Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song. 每次我们去露营, 妈妈都会读一本书或唱一首轻柔的歌。
(1)the first time/(the) next time/the last time引导时间状语从句, 表示“第一次/下次/上次(最后一次)……时”。
(2)every/each time引导时间状语从句, 意为“每当……”, 相当于whenever。
(3)the minute/moment/instant等名词用作连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“一……就……”。
(4)immediately/instantly/directly等副词用作连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“一……就……”。
【知识延伸】
the first time用作连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“第一次……时”;
for the first time是介词短语, 只能用作状语, 意为“第一次”。
(1)语法填空
①Directly (direct) the teacher came in, everyone was quiet.
②Be careful! The machine starts the moment you press the button.
(2)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet, drink some green tea. ” This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次吃甜食的时候, 喝些绿茶。”我妈妈以前就是这么跟我说的。
(3)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.
我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我看了一些有关那个主题的照片。
名著悦读·素养培优
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory(excerpt)
Chapter 26 The Television—Chocolate Room
“I am a little deaf in my left ear, ” Mr Wonka said. “You must forgive me if I don’t hear anything you say. ”
“I said, that isn’t exactly how it works! ” shouted Mike Teavee.
“You’re a nice boy, ”Mr Wonka said, “but you talk too much. ”Now then! The very first time I saw ordinary television working, I was struck by a tremendous idea. “Look here! ” I shouted. “If these people can break up a photograph into millions of pieces and send the pieces whizzing through the air and then put them together again at the other end, why can’t I do the same thing with a bar of chocolate Why can’t I send a real bar of chocolate whizzing through the air in tiny pieces and then put the pieces together at the other end, all ready to be eaten ”
“Impossible! ” said Mike Teavee.
“You think so ” cried Mr Wonka. “Well, watch this! I shall now send a bar of my very best chocolate from one end of this room to the other — by television! Get ready, there! Bring in the chocolate! ”
Immediately, six Oompa-Loompas marched forward carrying on their shoulders the most enormous bar of chocolate Charlie had ever seen. It was about the size of the mattress he slept on at home.
“It has to be big, ” Mr Wonka explained, “because whenever you send something by television, it always comes out much smaller than it was when it went in. Even with ordinary television, when you photograph a big man, he never comes out on your screen any taller than a pencil, does he Here we go, then! Get ready! No, no! Stop! Hold everything! You there! Mike Teavee! Stand back! You’re too close to the camera! There are dangerous rays coming out of that thing! They could break you up into a million tiny pieces in one second! That’s why the Oompa-Loompas are wearing space suits! The suits protect them! All right! That’s better! Now, then! Switch on! ”
One of the Oompa-Loompas caught hold of a large switch and pulled it down.
There was a blinding flash.
“The chocolate’s gone! ” shouted Grandpa Joe, waving his arms.
He was quite right! The whole enormous bar of chocolate had disappeared completely into thin air!
“It’s on its way! ” cried Mr Wonka. “It is now rushing through the air above our heads in a million tiny pieces. Quick! Come over here! ” He dashed over to the other end of the room where the large television set was standing, and the others followed him. “Watch the screen! ” he cried. “Here it comes! Look! ”
The screen flickered and lit up. Then suddenly, a small bar of chocolate appeared in the middle of the screen.
“Take it! ” shouted Mr Wonka, growing more and more excited.
“How can you take it ” asked Mike Teavee, laughing. “It’s just a picture on a television screen! ”
“Charlie Bucket! ” cried Mr Wonka. “You take it! Reach out and grab it! ”
Charlie put out his hand and touched the screen, and suddenly, miraculously, the bar of chocolate came away in his fingers. He was so surprised he nearly dropped it.
罗尔德·达尔(1916-1990)是挪威籍的英国杰出儿童文学作家、剧作家和短篇小说作家, 作品流传于大人或小孩中, 极为知名。本文节选自他的作品《查理与巧克力工厂》。
1. tremendous adj. 极好的
2. whiz n. 飕飕作声
3. march v. 前进
4. switch on 打开开关
5. flicker v. 闪烁
6. lit up 点亮, 照亮
7. miraculously adv. 奇迹般地
1. (语言能力)What does the words “was struck by”mean
A. Suddenly think of. B. Was hit by.
答案: A
2. (语言能力)How did Mr Wonka send the chocolate from one end of this room to the other
By television.
3. (语言能力)Did Mr Wonka succeed in sending the chocolate from one end of this room to the other
Yes.
4. (思维品质)Why did Mr Wonka send the chocolate from one end of this room to the other
He wanted more people to eat WONKA’S CHOCOLATES.
5. (文化意识)Do you think Mr Wonka’s idea will become reality
Yes. With the development of technology, everything is possible. /No, it’s just a fantastic dream.
读后感悟: _________________________________________________________
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译文: 《查理与巧克力工厂》(节选)
第二十六章 电视——巧克力房间
“我的左耳有点耳背, ”旺卡先生说, “如果我没听见你说的话, 请原谅。”
“我说, 确切地说, 电视机并不是这样工作的! ”迈克·蒂韦放大嗓门喊道。
“你真是个聪明的孩子, ”旺卡先生说, “不过你话太多了。”那么现在听我说! 当我第一次看见一台普通电视机工作时, 我脑中顿时闪现了一个奇妙的设想。“瞧啊! ”我喊道: “如果人们能把一张照片分解成无数个小粒子, 并把它们送往空中, 然后在另一头把这些小颗粒重新拼到一起, 那我为什么不能用一块巧克力做出同样的事呢 为什么我不能把一块巧克力分解成无数小颗粒, 把它们嗖嗖地射向空中, 然后又在另一头把它们拼成一块, 供人享用呢 ”
“这是不可能的! ”迈克·蒂韦说。
“你这么想吗 ”旺卡先生嚷道, “好吧, 瞧瞧这个! 我现在会从房间的这一头把我的一块最好的巧克力送到房间另一头——通过电视! 准备! 把巧克力拿来! ”
立刻过来了六个奥姆帕·洛姆帕人, 他们肩上扛着一块巨大的巧克力, 查理从未见过这么大的巧克力, 它同他在家里睡的那张床垫差不多一样大。
“巧克力块一定得大, ”旺卡先生解释道, “因为每当你通过电视传送什么东西时, 画面里的东西在屏幕上出现时总要比它在发射时小。就说普通的电视机吧, 你拍摄下一个大个男人, 等他在你的电视屏幕上出现时却只有一支铅笔那般高, 不是吗 好了, 让我们开始吧! 准备! 不, 不! 停止! 等一下! 迈克·蒂韦, 退后些! 你太靠近那架摄像机了! 那儿有危险的放射线出来! 一秒钟之内可以把你分解成无数小颗粒! 正因为如此那些奥姆帕·洛姆帕人才穿着宇航服! 这种服装能保护他们! 好了! 那样就更好了! 准备! 打开! ”
一个奥姆帕·洛姆帕人握住了一个很大的开关, 把它朝下一扳。
一道耀眼的光一闪。
“那块巧克力没有了! ”乔爷爷挥动手臂喊道。
他说得太对了! 那么一大块巧克力完全在稀薄的空气中消失了!
“它正顺着它的轨迹而去! ”旺卡先生叫道, “它现在正分解成无数小颗粒从我们头上飞过。快! 到这儿来! ”他冲到房间另一头, 那台大电视机就放在那儿, 其余的人全跟着他奔了过去。“看着屏幕! ”他叫道, “瞧! 它来了! ”
屏幕闪烁了几下, 亮了。突然, 一小块巧克力出现在屏幕正中。
“拿下它! ”旺卡先生嚷着, 他变得越来越激动了。
“怎么去拿啊 ”迈克·蒂韦问道, 哈哈大笑起来。“那只不过是电视屏幕上的一幅画面! ”
“查理·巴克特! ”旺卡先生叫道, “你去拿! 伸出手去抓住它! ”
查理伸出手, 碰到了那块屏幕, 突然, 奇迹般地, 那块巧克力落在了他的手指间, 他惊讶得差一点把它掉到地上。
PAGE
22Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
要点精研·探究学习
1. accuse vt. 谴责, 控诉
*In response, some people accuse critics and news reporters of being cheated by the entertainment industry.
作为回应, 一些人指责评论家和新闻记者受到了娱乐产业的欺骗。
*I don’t want to make an accusation until I have some proof.
我要有一些证据以后才提出控告。
【词块积累】
(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. =charge sb. with (doing) sth.
指责/控告某人(做)某事
(2)accusation n. 指责; 谴责; 控告
【知识延伸】
其他“v. +sb. of sth. ”结构的短语还有:
①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
②rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
④warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
⑤cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病
(1)语法填空
①On the other hand, they could be in trouble if some one accused them of ignoring their right.
②The government denied the accusation (accuse) that it was involved in the murders.
(2)句型转换
Her son was accused of cheating in the exam, which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.
→Her son was charged with cheating in the exam, which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.
2. mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加, 上升
*The number of outdoors advertisement is mounting up year by year.
户外广告的数量逐年上升。
*As the job rejections mount up, they are beginning to feel alarmed.
随着工作被拒的次数增加, 他们开始感到忧虑了。
*Although there were so many stairs to mount up, his friends still came to see him regularly.
虽然需要爬的楼梯这么多, 他的朋友们还是定期来看他。
【词块积累】
(1)mount vt. 增加; 组织; 登上; 骑上; 安装; 镶嵌
vi. 爬; 增加; 上升 n. 山峰
(2)go up 增长; 上升
add up 合计; 加起来
根据语境猜测mount的词义
(1)The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by Irish women painters. 组织
(2)He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 登上
(3)He mounted his horse and rode away. 骑上
(4)The diamond is mounted in gold. 镶嵌
(5)The teenager climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa when he was only 9. 山峰
【补偿训练】
(1)You helped the kite go/mount up in the right direction using the string.
你用这根线帮助风筝飞向正确的方向。
(2)Please add up these figures immediately and tell me the answer.
请立刻把这些数字加起来并告诉我答案。
3. witness vt. &vi. 是发生……的时间(或地点), 见证; 目击; 作证; 是……的迹象n. 目击人, 见证人; 证人
*(2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.
然而, 她的孩子们在目睹母亲获得学位的过程中也学到了重要的一课。
*His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
*Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.
警方呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。
*The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness to a healthy interest in modern art.
从展览会参观人数之巨大可以看出, 人们对现代艺术具有浓厚兴趣。
【词块积累】
(1)a witness to ……的证人/证据
(2)witness to 为……作证; 出庭证明; 证实
(1)witness作及物动词, 其主语可以是时间或地点, 表示“是发生某事的时间或地点”。
(2)“witness to. . . ”中to为介词, 其后可跟名词、代词和动名词形式。
Growth is the only witness of life.
成长是生命的唯一见证。
语法填空
(1)His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
(2)He witnessed to having seen (see) the man enter the room.
(3)The witnesses (witness) questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
4. spring up迅速出现, 突然兴起
*(2020 天津高考)More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond.
更多新的聊天平台如雨后春笋般出现在英国和其他地方。
*The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India.
写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。
*There’s a feeling of spring in the air today.
今天可以感受到一点春天的气息。
*Our city is a mountain city and there is spring through the mountain. 我们的城市是山城, 山上有泉水。
【词块积累】
(1)spring vi. 生长; 涌出, 涌现; 跃出n. 春天; 泉水
(2)spring from 突如其来地(从某处)出现; 起源于(或来自)某事物
【知识延伸】
spring to their feet立刻站起来
spring to sb. ’s assistance连忙站出来帮助某人
(1)根据语境猜测spring的词义
①She began by being a joyful stream of water, a spring always dancing and singing as she ran down from the top of the mountain. (泉水)
②The mountain has a lot of flowers in spring. (春天)
③I don’t know why such new gifted people have sprung up in my life. (涌现)
(2)Many monster high-rise buildings spring up all over the city.
许多巨大的高层建筑在这座城市拔地而起。
5. The variety and accessibility of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media is unlikely to stop.
网络新闻的多样性和可及性意味着网络新闻媒体的迅速崛起不可能停止。
【句式解构】
be likely/unlikely to do sth. 很可能/不大可能做某事。
*The job is unlikely to be finished in a year.
这项工作不大可能在一年之内完成。
*All in all, at least at this stage, it’s unlikely that online learning will evolve into the dominant form of education.
总而言之, 至少在现阶段, 网上学习不太可能发展成为教育的主导形式。
数词用法知多少
(1)It is likely that. . . = Sb. /Sth. be likely to do sth. 很可能……
not likely绝不可能; 绝对不会
(2)be likely/unlikely to do sth. 很可能/不大可能做某事
unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的
【知识延伸】
likely还可以作副词, 意为: 很可能; 或许
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. 研究显示, 竞走和跑步有许多相同的健身益处, 而且最有可能减少受伤。然而, 它也的确有自己的问题。
(1)语法填空
①If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely that he will get the job.
②Studies show that people are likely to suffer (suffer) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
(2)句型转换
You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
【要点拾遗】
1. employ vt. 使用, 采用; 雇用; 使忙于, 使从事于
*Your time could be usefully employed in attending night classes. 你的时间可以被有效地利用来上夜课。
*Computers, far from destroying jobs, can create employment.
计算机远非破坏就业, 而是能创造就业。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
在另一项研究中, 当工作场所装饰有室内植物时, 员工的效率会提高15%。
*She was busily employed in knitting sweaters for her daughters.
她忙着为女儿们编织毛衣。
【词块积累】
(1)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth.
=be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事; 从事于某事
(2)employer n. 雇主
employee n. 雇员; 受雇者
employment n. 职业; 工作; 使用
None but a wise man can employ leisure well.
唯智者善于利用空闲。
(1)语法填空
①He has been employed in writing (write) a new book these days.
②It is against the law to employ children under sixteen to work (work) for any firms or factories.
(2)More local employment will be created, particularly in service industries.
更多的面向当地的就业将被创造出来, 尤其是在服务业。
2. make a hit获得成功
*Just do as you did in the room. If you’ll you’re your performance that way, I’ll bet you make a hit.
你如果在台上演得像在家时那么流畅, 我敢打赌你一定成功。
*I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.
起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他, 后来猛然记起来了。
*He saved one shot when the ball hit him on the head.
他扑住了一次射门, 球打在了他的头上。
【词块积累】
(1)hit sb. on the head 击打某人的头
it suddenly hits sb. +从句 某人突然想起……
(2)make a difference 有影响, 有关系
make an appointment 约会, 预约
make a living 谋生, 维持生活
make a decision 做出决定
make a mistake 犯错误; 出差错
【熟词生义】
The programme scored a real hit with the public. (n. 很受欢迎的人(或事物))
(1)语法填空
①For example, Isaac Newton didn’t discover gravity after an apple hit him on the head.
②From the passage, we know that reading can make a difference to a person.
③Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
(2)It would be sensible to think twice before we make a decision.
在做决定之前再三考虑是明智的。
(3)Big cities have special attractions for people, for example, they can easily get a job to make a living.
大城市对人们有着特别的吸引力, 比如, 他们容易找到工作谋生。
语法精讲·深化学习
过去完成时(Past perfect tense)
1. He had a number of different jobs after he moved to America, He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English.
2. Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.
3. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country.
4. By the end of 1999, about 1, 000 newspapers in China had set up their own online news platforms.
观察以上句子并选词填空:
1. We often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened before(before/after) a past action or state.
2. We form the past perfect tense with had(have/had) and the verb-ed form.
一、过去完成时态的基本结构
肯定句: 主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句: 主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句: Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句(had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他)
*I had discovered that there was nothing more appealing to me than reading books.
我发现没有什么比读书更吸引我了。
*John felt rather blue because he had not done as well on his final exams as he had expected to.
约翰很难过, 因为他的期末考未如他所预期的那么好。
*—I visited the museum yesterday.
—Had you visited the museum before
—No, I hadn’t.
——昨天我参观了这个博物馆。
——你以前参观过这个博物馆吗
——没有, 我以前没有去过。
*I heard you began collecting stamps in February. How many stamps had you collected by the end of last year
我听说你从2月份开始集邮。到去年底已收集到多少了
(1)Helen said(that)she had moved to another city.
海伦说她已搬到另一个城市去了。
(2)We realized we had not brought the book with us.
我们意识到我们没有带那本书。
(3)How many hours had they worked by six o’clock
到6点钟他们已经工作了多少个小时了
二、过去完成时态的基本用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前发生或完成了的动作。即“过去的过去”。常有by, before, after等介词, 也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示, 还可能通过上下文来表示。
*By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟, 我们已经收到200 张宇宙飞船发来的图片。
2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始, 一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态, 常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
*I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候, 我在车站已经等了20分钟。
*He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3. 叙述过去发生的事情, 在已叙述了过去发生的事情后, 反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时, 常使用过去完成时。
*Mr Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
*I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知, 因为我没有好好学习功课。
4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中, 如果叙述的是过去的事, 先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
*I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
*She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5. 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中, 这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
*He said that he had known her well.
他说他很了解她。
*I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6. 过去完成时用在状语从句中: 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中, 发生在前, 用过去完成时; 发生在后, 用一般过去时。如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的从句。
*When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
*She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
*After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后, 努力提高他的英语水平。
7. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
*They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙, 但没有及时赶到那里。
*We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . , It was the first (second, etc) time (that). . . 等固定句型中。
*Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲, 听众就打断了他。
*No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
*It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
如果两个动作紧接着发生, 则常常不用过去完成时, 特别是在包含before和after的复合句中, 因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确, 这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
【知识延伸】 过去完成时用于虚拟语气
过去完成时的这一用法, 常见于以if only等引导的感叹句:
*If only we had listened to their advice!
我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!
*If only you had worked with greater care!
你要是更仔细一些该多好!
*Would that we had seen her before she died.
要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。
过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish. . . (我希望……), I’d rather. . . (我宁愿……)后的that从句:
*I’d rather you hadn’t been present.
我宁愿你当时不在场。
*If I had asked for directions, I wouldn’t have gotten lost. 如果我问一下路, 就不会迷失方向了。
语法填空
(1)They had talked (talk)only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion.
(2)The news of the earthquake had hardly spread when a large quantity of relief supplies were delivered (deliver)to the disaster-stricken area.
(3)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn’t been invented (invent)yet.
【补偿训练】
(1)I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
昨天我在街上遇见了王涛。自从他去了北京, 我们就没见过面。
(2)That was the first time Dad had counted/relied/depended on me in a moment of emergency.
那是爸爸第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
(3)She was angry to see the car she had repaired yesterday broke down again.
看到她昨天修好的汽车又坏了, 她很生气。
(4)Jim said that his bike had been stolen and he would have to buy a new one.
吉姆说他的自行车被偷了, 他必须买一辆新的。
(5)I had intended/wanted/planned to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.
我本想给你们一个惊喜测验, 但转念一想, 我选择让你们反思自己的练习。
使用本单元所学时态知识, 结合中文提示补全短文。
It is the worst day that 1. I have ever experienced(我经历过的). My alarm clock didn’t go off that morning. 2. When I got up(我起床的时候), it was 7: 30! I was about to be late! 3. After I had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly(我迅速刷牙洗脸以后), I took up my schoolbag and rushed out the door. Before I arrived at the bus stop, 4. the bus had already left(公交车已经离开了), so I had to rush to school by myself!
By the time I went into my classroom, 5. my teacher had stood in the front of the classroom(我的老师已经站在教室的前面). She looked at me angrily and asked for my homework. I was so sad because 6. I had left it at home(我把它忘在家里了)! What a bad day!
读写结合·表达升级
写一篇关于网络新闻媒体的文章
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Para. 1 in the past decades Online news media gained 1. rapid development due to the 2. popularity of personal computers and increased Internet access.
Para. 2 in the smartphone era Smartphone owners can check the 3. latest news any time at any place.
Para. 3 during the past years and in the future The rapid rise of online news media is 4. unlikely to stop.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 特色表达
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What are the characteristics of online news media in the 1990s
A. Online news media were not popular with people.
B. Readers’ comments on online news were welcomed.
C. China already had 1, 000 or so online news platforms.
D. People had to learn about news events through newspapers.
(2)What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. People can never survive without the smartphone.
B. People are playing with their mobile phones all the time.
C. News media has become an important part of social media.
D. It is inconvenient for users to read news on mobile devices.
(3)Why does the author think the rapid rise of online news media is unlikely to stop
A. Because technology has never stopped its pace of development.
B. Because of online news media people can not only read news but also socialize.
C. Because online news media provides more accurate news coverage than other news media.
D. Because online news media provides convenience and abundant information for people to read news.
答案: (1)～(3)BCD
2. Write down useful sentences used to describe advantages of online news media.
①People can read the same content online as is printed in the newspapers every day.
②Interaction was also encouraged as readers could post their own comments.
③Smartphone owners are finding it easier to read news on their mobile devices.
④They can check the latest news any time at any place.
⑤From print media to broadcast media to online media, reading news has become a more personal and comprehensive experience than ever before.
假设你们学校英语角正在组织一场演讲比赛, 主题是网络新闻媒体。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。
1. 网络新闻媒体的现状;
2. 网络新闻媒体的利弊;
3. 预测网络新闻媒体的未来。
注意: 1. 词数80左右。
2. 开头和结尾已经给出, 不计入总词数。
Today I am very glad to be here to share with you my ideas of online news media. _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you for listening.
完成句子
1. 现在越来越多的人转向网络新闻媒体来了解他们关心的新闻事件。
Now more and more people are turning to online news media for the news events they care about.
2. 网络新闻媒体可以让人们在最短的时间内获得最有效的新闻信息。
Online news media allows people to obtain the most effective news information in the shortest time.
3. 人们可以在网络平台上发布自己的新闻, 从而实现彼此之间的互动和交流。
People can release their own news on the online platform to interact and communicate with each other.
4. 出现了一个问题。
A problem arises.
5. 网络媒体的互动性使得各种新闻, 包括有害的和虚假的新闻可以随时随地发布。
The interactive characteristics of network media allow all kinds of news including harmful and false news to be released anytime and anywhere.
6. 随着人们对网络新闻认识的提高, 网络新闻媒体将会向更深层次发展。
Online news media will develop to a deeper level with the improvement of people’s understanding.
7. 这将进一步改变传统的网络新闻观念。
It will further change the traditional concept of online news.
句式升级
8. 用名词性从句连接句4和句5
One of the problems is that the interactive characteristics of network media allow all kinds of news including harmful and false news to be released anytime and anywhere.
9. 用非限制性定语从句连接句6和句7
Online news media will develop to a deeper level with the improvement of people’s understanding, which will further change the traditional concept of online news.
Today I am very glad to be here to share with you my ideas of online news media.
Now more and more people are turning to online news media for the news events they care about. On the one hand, online news media allows people to obtain the most effective news information in the shortest time. On the other hand, people can release their own news on the online platform to interact and communicate with each other. However, there are also disadvantages. One of the problems is that the interactive characteristics of network media allow all kinds of news including harmful and false news to be released anytime and anywhere.
I think online news media will develop to a deeper level with the improvement of people’s understanding, which will further change the traditional concept of online news.
That’s all. Thank you for listening.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题特点
网络新闻媒体是一个新生事物, 它的出现既给人们带来了便利, 随之而来的也有一些弊端。结合演讲稿的文本特征, 就网络新闻媒体这一新生事物的两个方面谈谈个人看法, 并展望未来发展趋势。
2. 话题词汇
(1)broadcast n. & vt. 广播; 播放
(2)distinguish v. 区分; 辨别
(3)witness n. 目击者; 见证人
(4)advertise for 为……做广告
(5)arouse wide public concern 引起广泛的公众关注
(6)arrange an interview 安排采访
(7)cover/go on a story 去采访
(8)have harmful effects on 对……产生有害影响
(9)subscribe to 订阅; 订购(报刊等)
(10)get around (新闻或消息等)传开
3. 话题句式
(1)As we can see, online news media enjoys great popularity among people, especially young people.
我们可以看到, 网络新闻媒体在人们中非常受欢迎, 特别是年轻人。
(2)It is clear that online news media is becoming increasingly popular among internet users all over the world.
很明显, 网络新闻媒体在全世界的互联网用户中越来越受欢迎。
(3)One of the advantages of mass media is that it can satisfy people’s need for relevant information anytime, anywhere.
大众媒体的优势之一就是它能满足人们随时随地了解相关信息的需要。
(4)On the one hand, mass media allow people to release news information freely. On the other hand, it provides a whole new platform for people to interact.
一方面, 大众媒体允许人们自由发布新闻信息。另一方面, 它为人们提供了一个全新的互动平台。
(5)Another negative aspect is that it can make false news spread more quickly than any other traditional media.
另一个消极的方面是, 它可以使假新闻传播得比任何其他传统媒体更快。
(6)Online news media has more advantages over other traditional news media.
网络新闻媒体比其他传统新闻媒体更具优势。
(7)Compared with traditional news media, online news media has many advantages.
网络新闻媒体与传统新闻媒体相比有很多优势。
(8)News is a fresh report of events, facts, or opinions that people do not know before they read your story.
新闻就是针对人们读你的报道之前还不知道的事件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。
(9)China Daily covers both the national and international news so that I can know more about the world and broaden my horizons by reading it.
《中国日报》涵盖国内外新闻, 所以通过阅读它我能更多地了解世界, 开阔我的视野。
(10)The best report is one that has the greatest interest of the largest number of people.
最好的报道是能够激起最多人最大兴趣的东西。
PAGE
17Welcome to the unit & Reading
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
《追光者》一经推出, 就曾霸占各大音乐榜。歌曲旋律优美, 激发人们对真善美的追求, 听起来感觉就像梦境一般。我可以跟在你身后, 像影子追着光梦游, 我可以等在这路口, 不管你会不会经过。
注: 听音填空
Chasing light
If you say you’re the firework at the bay
I wish I could be a wave
After the rain, you ①light up the gray
Far away you’re the galaxy from space
With the stars you kiss my face
I’ll go everywhere after your trace
When I’m lonely I will learn to embrace. . .
I’ll follow you along the way
Like shadow ②chasing down the flame
I’ll wait for you right on your way
Come and stay with me if you may
I’ll raise my head and look your way
Tears dropping down and ③feeling free
Some love comes (by) like hurricane
As if I play your losing game
If you’re like firefly in summer haze
Children laugh around your grace
Then I’ll be there, trying to say out your name
Look at me, what a tiny helpless me
Only dream when you smile at me
Maybe you wouldn’t stop just for me
Far behind let me stand there singing
I’ll follow you along the way
Like shadow chasing down the flame
I’ll wait for you right on your way
Come and stay with me if you may
I’ll raise my head and look your way
Tears dropping down and feeling free
Some love comes (by) like hurricane
But rainbows rise after the pain
1. embrace/im breis/v. 拥抱, 包含, 包围, 接受, 信奉
2. galaxy/ g l ksi/n. 银河, 一群显赫之人
3. trace/treis/n. 痕迹, 踪迹, 微量
4. helpless/ helpl s/adj. 无助的, 无依靠的
5. flame/fleim/n. 火焰, 热情
6. grace/greis/n. 优美, 优雅, 恩惠
7. shadow/ d u/n. 阴影, 影子, 阴暗, 暗处
《追光者》歌曲译文:
如果说你是海上的烟火
我是浪花的泡沫
某一刻你的光照亮了我
如果说你是遥远的星河
耀眼得让人想哭
我是追逐着你的眼眸
总在孤单时候眺望夜空
我可以跟在你身后
像影子追着光梦游
我可以等在这路口
不管你会不会经过
每当我为你抬起头
连眼泪都觉得自由
有的爱像阳光倾落
边拥有边失去着
如果说你是夏夜的萤火
孩子们为你唱歌
那么我是想要画你的手
你看我多么渺小一个我
因为你有梦可做
也许你不会为我停留
那就让我站在你的背后
我可以跟在你身后
像影子追着光梦游
我可以等在这路口
不管你会不会经过
每当我为你抬起头
连眼泪都觉得自由
有的爱像大雨滂沱
却依然相信彩虹
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. a critical report 一个批判性的报道
2. be trapped in the burning building 被困在燃烧着的楼房里
3. release her arm 放开她的胳膊
4. extend a fence 扩建护栏
5. the construction of a new database 一个新数据库的建立
6. scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫
7. investigate possible links 调查可能的联系
8. a top priority. 当务之急
9. contradict each other 相互抵触
10. a factual account of events 事件的如实报道
11. differ in this respect 在这方面不同
12. jump to a conclusion 冒失地下结论
13. an accurate description 一个准确的描述
14. racial discrimination 种族歧视
15. organize your time better 更有效地分配你的时间
16. satisfy my curiosity 满足我的好奇心
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1. The fire broke out about two hours after sundown.
2. The journalist wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community.
3. She was rushing around madly trying to put out the fire.
4. Take for example people who are learning to play basketball or the piano.
5. It took two hours to bring the fire under control.
Ⅲ. 根据语境写出加黑短语的含义
1. On the opposite wall are hanging dozens of pictures as well as two maps of China.
(很多, 许多)
2. How did this unhappy state of affairs come about (发生)
3. For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. (例如, 比如)
4. We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences. (总结, 概括)
5. We are committed to fostering new music talent. (致力于)
Ⅳ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged(致使……严重受损).
2. It is advisable to remember(最好是记住) that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.
3. Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than(最好使用我们自己的判断而不是)rely entirely on news reports.
4. . . . however, good journalists are sensitive enough to notice (足够敏感, 能够注意到)the event and draw public attention to it.
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. -ion 常用于动词之后构成名词。
construct v. → construction n. 建设; 建筑物
pollute v. → pollution n. 污染; 污染物
collect v. → collection n. 收集; 收藏品
discuss v. → discussion n. 讨论, 议论
2. “动词bring+介词+名词”构成的短语
bring. . . to light揭露, 披露
bring. . . to life使苏醒; 使复苏; 使清醒
bring. . . to an end结束
bring. . . into effect使生效; 实行; 实施
bring. . . into operation投入运转; 实施, 使生效
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2. What is the text type of the passage
A. Narration (记叙文)
B. Argumentative Essay(议论文)
C. Expository Writing(说明文)
D. Practical Writing(应用文)
答案: C
3. What’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about why and how we should be a critical news reader.
【寻技巧·提能力】
准确找出主题句
迅速找出主题句, 从而抓住中心思想对于提高阅读理解能力大有益处。
这些规律主要是通过主题句在段落中所处的不同位置体现的。
1. 首句是主题句的规律
①给予例证、解释或说明的段落;
②下定义的段落;
③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落;
④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。
2. 段落尾句是主题句的规律
①阐述一个不常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落。
②旨在说服读者相信甚至信服其论点的段落。
3. 段落中间句是主题句的规律
表述某种观点的段落的主题句往往处于段落的中间。这类段落的层次特点:
引题→主题思想→解释或“提问”→回答问题或继续给予例证。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)How many floors were damaged by the fire according to the reports
A. Eight. B. Seven.
C. Fifteen. D. Twenty three.
(2)What do we know about the fire
A. Its cause had been find out.
B. It killed and injured 25 people in all.
C. It wasn’t completely put out until 11 p. m.
D. It was caused by the construction company.
(3)The author advises us to read more reports on the same event because .
A. news reports are not worth trusting at all
B. we rely on news to learn about the world
C. it can lead to a better understanding of the reported event
D. journalists are only concerned about their own interests
(4)What should we do when news reports contradict each other
A. Throw both the newspapers away immediately.
B. Check the sources where related key details come.
C. Research and interview the figures yourself.
D. Choose to believe the one you are interested in.
(5)How did the author organize the text
A. By giving examples. B. By comparing.
C. By defining. D. By listing cause and effect.
答案: (1)～(5)BACBA
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
There are two different news (1)reports (report)on the Henderson fire. They are written from basically the same perspective, but they contradict each other (2)in terms of factual details. That’s because news reports are written by journalists who may have different (3)priorities (priority)and choose to write a report with that focus. Another aspect worthy (4)of mention is that journalists may approach figures they get from research or interviews differently. For us, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed (5)conclusion(conclude). Though journalists are (6)committed (commit)to presenting the truth in their reports, it is better to use our own (7)judgement (judge)than rely entirely on a single source of news. With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a (8)critical (critical)news reader.
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)There is (there be 句型)concern that the construction company that built the tower block(定语从句) had not followed fire safety rules(同位语从句).
译文: 有人担心, 建造这座高楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。
(2)Mr Peterson(主语), head of the fire service(同位语), confirms (谓语)that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and(并列连词) that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster(并列宾语从句).
译文: 彼得森先生是消防部门负责人, 他证实, 一根掉落在8楼地毯上的香烟头引发了这场火灾, 并且自动火警警报没有及时响起, 未能阻止这场灾难。
(3)Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective(让步状语从句), they (主语)may contradict (谓语)each other(宾语)in terms of factual details(状语), as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing(原因状语从句).
译文: 即使新闻报道是从基本相同的角度写的, 它们在事实细节方面也可能相互矛盾, 因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What do you think of the differences between reports on the same event (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
This is normal, because when journalists cover the news, they focus on different aspects. Sometimes, even when they focus on the same aspects, they are affected by the timing of the coverage and their understanding of the event.
2. How can you have a better understanding of the truth (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
Read several more reports about the same news event, especially from different angles and at different times. Use my own judgement instead of thinking exactly as the reporter thinks.
3. If you are a journalist, how would you report an event (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
I will pay attention to the following development of the whole event until I bring the truth to light. In addition, I will interview people who have different views on this story, especially experts who usually focus on relevant issues.
要点精研·探究学习
1. critical adj. 批评的, 批判性的; 关键的, 危急的
*Tom’s parents were strongly critical of his behaviour.
汤姆的父母对他的行为不满。
*(2020·江苏高考) They often criticized their fellow scientists.
他们经常批评他们的科学家同行。
*Ben is very sensitive, he just can’t take criticism.
本很敏感, 简直接受不了批评。
*Though we should respect our elders, we should also take their words critically.
虽然我们应该尊重前辈, 但我们也应该批判性地听取他们的话。
【词块积累】
(1)criticize vt. &vi. 批评; 评论; 苛求
criticize sb. /sth. (for sth. ) (因为……)批评某人/某事物
(2)critic n. 批评家, 评论家; 爱挑剔的人
criticism n. 批评; 考证; 苛求
(3)critically adv. 精密地; 危急地; 批评性地; 用钻研眼光地
The more incompetent person, the more critical fault of others.
越是无能的人, 越爱挑剔别人的过错。
(1)语法填空
①The coach criticized him for not focusing on his soccer skills.
②I don’t like to read his literary criticism(critic).
③One of her critics(critic) accused her of caring only about success.
(2)In this class we learned how to criticize famous ancient paintings of this period.
在这堂课上我们学会了如何评论这一时期的古代名画。
(3)We have no right to criticize others for behaving in the same way as we do ourselves.
我们无权批评举止与我们一样的人。
2. trap vt. 使落入险境, 卡住, 绊住n. 陷阱, 罗网, 圈套, 困境, 牢笼
*He took the MTR train in case he got trapped in traffic jam.
他乘搭地下铁路, 以免因(路面)交通堵塞而受困。
*Do not fall into the trap of waiting for data that just does not exist.
不要苦等不存在的数据。
*She had set a trap for the wolf and it had walked straight into it.
她给狼设了个陷阱, 它径直走进了陷阱。
【词块积累】
(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
be/get trapped in 被困在……中, 陷入困境
(2)fall into the trap (of doing sth. ) 落入(做某事的)圈套
【巧学助记】 图文助记 trap
【知识延伸】
表示“被困在……中”的短语还有:
①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
语法填空
(1)Don’t fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.
(2)The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) their poor quality milk.
(3)We get trapped (trap)in a cycle of anger and hurt, and miss out on the beauty of life as it happens.
3. release vt. 发布; 释放; 松开; 发泄n. 释放; 发行, 排放, 泄漏
*In order to release the pressure resulting from our study, I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend. 为了释放学习带来的压力, 上周末我和同学一起去星星农场摘橘子。
*Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。
*She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up emotions.
她放声大哭, 发泄出全部郁积起来的情感。
*A sense of release came to me immediately after the exam.
考试一结束, 我立刻有了一种解脱的感觉。
【词块积累】
(1)release sb. /sth. (from sth. ) 把某人/某物(从……)释放/放出/放走
release pressure 释放压力
release a movie/book 发行电影/书
(2)on general release 公开发行
the latest new releases 最新发行的产品
a sense of release 轻松感, 解脱感
【巧学助记】 图解release一词多义
(1)语法填空
①On that festival, 10 000 balloons were released (release)at the ceremony.
②Walking in the morning air has the potential to release you from stress.
(2)The film is on general release, or rather, it is being shown widely at local cinemas.
这部电影正在公映, 更准确地说, 它正在当地影院广泛放映。
4. extend vi. & vt. 延伸(距离), 扩大(范围); 扩大; 延长; 伸展
*I’m sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitors.
我肯定你们会同我一起向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎。
*His writing career extended over a period of 40 years.
他的写作生涯超过了40年
*The school is extending the range of subjects taught.
学校正在拓宽授课学科的范围。
【词块积累】
(1)extend sth. to sb. 提供/给予某人某物
extend an invitation 发出邀请
(2)extension n. 延长; 延期; 扩大; 伸展
(1)语法填空
①The extension(extend) of the subway will take several months.
②When we encounter difficulties, they extended a helping hand to us.
(2)一句多译: 他伸出手来与新雇员握手。
He extended his hand to the new employee.
He offered to shake hands with the new employee.
5. dozen n. 许多; (一)打, 十来个
*(2020·天津高考) It’s almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts.
要了解一个历史时期, 几乎不可能没有很多相关概念的问题。
*Surprisingly, in that bookstore, books are sold by the dozen.
真想不到, 那个书店里的书按打卖。
*The eggs were packed in dozens.
鸡蛋是按打包装的。
*There was a big group of a dozen people at the table next to theirs. 他们旁边的那张桌子坐了一大群人, 有十几个。
【词块积累】
dozens of 很多, 许多
by the dozen 成打地; 按打计算
in dozens = in large numbers 大批
half a dozen 半打, 六个
数词用法知多少
(1)dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时, 不加-s。例如:
a few hundred meters 几百米
several million people 数百万人
two thousand teachers 两千位老师
(2)如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时, 则应加-s of构成短语。例如:
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千个工人
(1)语法填空
①It appears in dozens (dozen)of movies, including all the Star Wars features.
②Only about half a dozen people turned up.
(2)In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard.
在英国, 糖是按磅卖, 鸡蛋是按打卖, 布是按码卖。
【补偿训练】
(1)Students often travel hundreds of miles to get here.
学生们常常要旅行数百英里才能到这儿。
(2)There was a hubbub of excited conversation from over a thousand people.
有一千多人在兴高采烈地大声谈话, 场面无比喧闹。
6. investigate vt. & vi. 侦查, 调查; 研究
*The principal promised to investigate into that affair.
校长答应去调查那件事情。
*Both he and a crew member are being investigated for exposing people to danger, according to police.
据警方称, 他和一名船员都因将人们置于危险之中而接受调查。
*The source of infection for all three cases is still under investigation. 目前仍在对三例病例的感染源进行调查。
*An investigation into the spending habits of teenagers is ongoing. 对青少年消费习惯的调查正在进行中。
【词块积累】
(1)investigate sb. (for sth. ) (因为某事)调查某人
investigate into 对……进行调查
investigate and collect evidence 调查取证
(2)investigation n. 调查; 调查研究
under investigation 调查进行中; 在调查研究中
【易混辨析】
examine, inspect, investigate, scan这些动词都有“调查、检查”之意。
examine是最普通用词, 可指粗略地查看, 也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。
inspect侧重按一定质量标准检查某物, 找出不足或不同之处。
investigate指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。
scan原意是仔细地检查分析, 现用于指细看或浏览。
(1)语法填空
①This is not the first time he has been investigated (investigate)by the police for fraud.
②An investigation ((investigate))is underway to find out how the disaster happened.
(2)The cause of that crash still under investigation.
车祸发生的原因仍然在调查之中。
【补偿训练】
The research investigates how foreign speakers gain fluency.
这项研究旨在调查讲外语的人如何增加流利程度。
7. come about发生; 产生
*They didn’t know how the change had come about.
他们不知道这个变化是怎样发生的。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
她试图给海狸鼠的时尚贴上一个标签, 以表明它是环保的。
*Nothing about this sum has come to light.
这个数目一点也没被揭露。
*Your languages will stand you in good stead when it comes to finding a job.
你通晓几种语言, 找工作时就会显出优势。
【词块积累】
come up 走近; 上来; 被提出; 产生; 开始
come up with 提出; 想出; 赶上
come across (偶然)遇见; 发现; 被理解
come out 出来; 出版; 发行
come to 来到(某地); 总计; 恢复知觉
when it comes to. . . 当涉及/谈到……时
come up的主语是物, 表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”, 为不及物动词短语, 不能用于被动语态; come up with主语是人或团体组织, 表示“(某人)提出”, 为及物动词短语。
(1)语法填空
①How did it come about that the man was dismissed
②Several new books will have come out by the end of next month.
③We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
④Wolves cannot climb a tree so when you come across one, hide on the tree.
(2)句型转换
The designer says the idea came up after he watched people get wet on streets in Russia.
→The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.
【补偿训练】
①Some people lose heart when they come across failures while others rise to the challenge.
②By selling them, most of my books which used to gather dust in the corner can come to life again.
8. contradict vt. 相矛盾, 相反, 反驳, 驳斥
*All evening her husband contradicted everything she said.
整个晚上她说什么丈夫都反驳。
*What is wonderful is, at many times, the stories will contradict (with) each other.
在许多时候, 故事之间相互矛盾, 这正是精彩之处。
*The policeman knew that the man was lying, so he encouraged him to talk until he began to contradict himself.
警察知道这个人在说谎, 所以他诱导这个人一直说直到他开始自相矛盾。
*Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive contradictory messages.
一些宇航员在空间站的头几天会感到不适, 因为他们的大脑接收到相互矛盾的信息。
【词块积累】
(1)contradict with 与……相矛盾
contradict each other 互相矛盾; 互相抵触
contradict oneself 自打嘴巴; 出尔反尔
(2)contradictory adj. 矛盾的; 反对的; 反驳的
(1)语法填空
①We are faced with two apparently contradictory (contradict)statements.
②You hear now how I contradict myself(I).
(2)The two stories contradict each other.
这两个故事相互矛盾。
9. conclusion n. 结论, 推论; 结束, 结果; 签订, 达成
*(2020 天津高考) This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.
这使琼斯得出结论, 在他的社区里有太多的极度孤独的人, 他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。
*In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise.
总之, 散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。
*He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
*The programme concluded with a famous song, Memorable Tonight.
演出节目以一首名曲《难忘今宵》结束。
【词块积累】
(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion 总之; 最后
(2)conclude v. 得出结论; 总结; 结束
to conclude 最后; 总之
conclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
conclude (from sth. ) that . . . (从……中)推断出……
Don’t jump to conclusion. We have to figure it out first.
不要妄下结论, 先把事情搞清楚。
(1)语法填空
①It can be concluded (conclude) that the history of Great Britain is the history of English.
②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
③I’ve come to the conclusion (conclude) that he’s not the right person for the job.
(2)Only after much discussion can we reach a conclusion about it.
只有在详细讨论之后, 我们才能就此事作出结论。
(3)In conclusion/To conclude, we should give a second thought to these consumption ratings before buying some products or services.
总之, 在购买某些产品或服务之前, 我们应该重新考虑这些消费排名。
10. bring sth. to light揭露, 披露
*The article wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community.
这篇文章想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
猎人们每年能捕获超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴, 所以Mouton现在的部分工作就是推广皮毛。
*Finding actors who can really take your characters and bring them to life is very rare.
找到真正能让你的角色栩栩如生的演员是非常罕见的。
*I was worried she would walk out or bring the interview to an end.
我担心她会突然退席或者终止采访。
【词块积累】
(1)bring. . . to life 使……更有趣/更生动
bring. . . to an end 结束
(2)bring up 养育; 抚养; 教育; 提出(话题); 呕吐
bring about 引起; 导致(事故、变化等)
bring back 带回; 使回忆起某事; 使恢复
bring down 使……降低; 使……倒下
bring in 引入; 赚得; 挣得
(1)语法填空
These new tools will help bring this bad situation to an end.
(2)Every art and craft requires different techniques to bring the materials to life.
每个艺术品和工艺品都需要不同的技术使得原料变得栩栩如生。
(3)My job as a journalist is to bring truth to light.
我作为记者的职责就是发现事实真相。
【补偿训练】语法填空
(1)The great damage which the earthquake brought about made many people homeless or lose their lives.
(2)Please make another sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase.
(3)Our government has taken measures to bring down the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
11. sum vt. 总结, 概括n. 金额, 款项, 总和, 总数; 全部
*She donated a large sum of money to the charity.
她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
*To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school. 总而言之, 我希望你能不辜负我们学校的期望。
*A good student usually knows how to sum up knowledge in good time. 好学生通常都知道如何及时迅速地总结知识。
【词块积累】
(1)sum up 总结; 概述; 计算……的总数
to sum up 总之; 概括地说
(2)in sum 总之; 总而言之
a large sum of 一大笔; 大量的
(1)语法填空
①Will you please sum up the main ideas of this article
②In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.
(2)To sum up/ In sum, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others.
总而言之, 学习受到个人和身边其他重要的人的情绪的影响。
12. commit v. 承诺, 保证; 犯(罪); 花(钱或时间) ; 全身心投入; 忠于
*(2020·江苏高考) And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
在非洲和亚洲, 数千万人可以看到Wilson努力地阻止那些可以被预防的事件发生。
*They must commit to spending time with their older neighbours.
他们必须承诺与年长的邻居共度时光。
*This government is committed to extending parental choice in education.
本届政府承诺扩大父母在教育方面的选择权。
*She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.
她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。
【词块积累】
(1)be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺, 保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)
commit (oneself ) to sb. /sth. 忠于(某个人、机构等); 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit a crime 犯罪; 犯法
(2)commitment n. 承诺; 委托; 承担义务; 献身
make a commitment 承诺
The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it.
一旦你全心投入, 你的目标的实现就得到了保证。
(1)语法填空
①He didn’t commit himself (he)to anything.
②A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment (commit).
③They committed to preserving (preserve)the rich heritage of the west-style house.
(2)同义替换
Father made a commitment that he would give me a computer as a birthday present. made a promise
13. The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
周日晚上的大火被认为是从8楼开始的, 迅速蔓延到整个大楼, 把位于高层的人们困在了里面。
【句式解构】
本句中be thought to have done. . . 意为“被认为做了……”, 强调事情已经发生。该结构还可以变为“It is thought that. . . ”的结构。
*The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths.
这场暴风雨据说造成多达4人死亡。
*One of the first buildings that were reported to have collapsed was a hospital.
据报道, 最早坍塌的建筑物之一是一所医院。
该结构还可以变为“It is thought that . . . ”的结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式及完成式在句子中的变化。
常用于此结构的动词还有:
It is said/reported that . . . 据说/报道……
It is believed that . . . 人们相信/认为……
It is known to all that . . . 众所周知……
It is hoped/suggested that . . . 人们希望/建议……
(1)It is reported that few people have been killed in the earthquake.
据报告, 在这次地震中几乎没有人员死亡。
(2)It is said that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.
→She is said to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day. (发生了的动作转化为不定式的完成式)
(3)It is said that she will go abroad for further study next month.
→She is said to go abroad for further study next month. (将来的动作转化为不定式)
【要点拾遗】
1. construction n. 建筑, 建造; 建造物
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) It means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.
这意味着我们有机会获得月亮如何构造的信息。
*They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches.
他们用败落下的枯树枝搭了个窝棚。
*Our new offices are still under construction (= being built) .
我们的新办公楼尚在修建中。
【词块积累】
(1)under construction 在修建中
(2)construct v. 建造, 修建(某物, 尤指建筑物, 公路, 机器)
construct. . . out of. . . 用……搭建……
完成句子
(1)The summer house was a simple wooden construction.
那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。
(2)The new international airport is still under construction.
新的国际机场还在建设中。
2. put out 扑灭
*Owing to the heavy rain, the big forest fire which had lasted five weeks was put out at last.
多亏了那场大雨, 持续了五个星期的森林大火终于被扑灭了。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces and put them aside.
首先我把西红柿切成块放在一边。
*“Yes, Mom, ”replied Cheryl as she slowly put away her doll.
“是的, 妈妈, ”谢里尔一边回答, 一边慢慢地把她的玩具娃娃收起来。
*She put forward some cogent reasons for abandoning the plan. 她为放弃这个计划提出了一些具有说服力的理由。
【词块积累】
put away 收起来放好
put down 记下; 放下; 镇压
put forward 提出(建议等); 推荐; 将……提前
put off 推迟; 延期
put up 举起; 张贴
put on 穿上; 上演
【知识延伸】
put aside 忽视, 不理睬; 存出, 留出
put through 接通电话; 完成; 使经受
put. . . into practice 把……付诸实践
put up with 忍受
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.
(2)They put on their coats and tramped through the falling snow.
(3)Now the electric fan is not in use. Let’s put it away.
(4)It has become a habit for some students to put off their homework.
(5)The journalists simply put down what they thought they heard.
【补偿训练】
完成句子
(1)(2020·浙江高考)It pays to put theory into practice.
把理论付诸实践是值得的。
(2)Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.
同样, 朋友之间应该学会忍受对方恼人的小毛病, 并允许意见出现分歧。
(3)I put aside half an hour every day to write my diary.
我每天留出半个小时写日记。
(4)We are determined to put through our project.
我们决心完成我们的计划。
3. under control处于控制之下; 被控制住
*(2020·浙江1月高考)His parents were not quite able to keep their emotions under control.
他的父母不能很好地控制他们的情绪。
*When stress gets out of control, it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
压力过大, 失去控制时, 可能表现会变差, 健康也会出问题。
*If you do, you need to take control of your feelings and stop getting angry so easily.
如果你这样做了, 你需要控制你的情绪, 不再那么容易生气。
【词块积累】
(1)take/have control of 控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制
(2)beyond control 无法控制
out of control 失去控制(状态)
Courage is the control of fear, not of fear.
勇气是控制恐惧心理, 而不是毫无恐惧心理。
(1)语法填空
①Due to circumstances beyond control, the lecture was cancelled. It’s a pity.
②It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
(2)People lose control of the time they spend on the Internet.
人们不能控制他们在网络上所花费的时间。
(3)Take control of your life and decide how you want to live.
你要掌控你的生活并且决定你想要怎样活着。
(4)The boy is wild and completely out of control.
这男孩缺乏管教, 简直是无法无天。
4. break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发, 发生
*Most of the occupants had left before the fire broke out.
大多数人在火灾发生之前已经离开。
*(2020·天津高考) Jones’ idea has been fully realized — the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
琼斯的想法已经完全实现了——“乐意聊天”长椅有助于打破人们不打招呼的无形社会障碍。
*He’s a very talented young actor who’s just ready to break through.
他是一名天赋很高、正待破茧而出的青年演员。
*What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position 我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢
【词块积累】
break down 分解; 出故障; 垮掉; 崩溃
break in 强行进入; 打断(谈话), 插嘴
break into 强行闯入; 突然开始
break up 分手; 解散; 拆开
break through 取得突破; 克服, 战胜
break away from 脱离(政党); 打破(陈规、陋习)
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
(2)Burglars broke into the empty house while the owner was away on holiday.
(3)A quarrel broke out between the couple, which made their son break away from his family.
(4)(2020·天津5月高考)History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
(5)I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up, for they seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
【补偿训练】
(1)The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
当他在网上搜索信息时, 电脑系统突然坏了。
(2)In fact, a gentle word has the power to break through anger and completely remove it.
事实上, 一句温柔的话语有力量打破愤怒并且最终化解掉愤怒。
(3)You must break away from such a bad habit.
你必须改掉这样的坏习惯。
5. in terms of 据……; 依照……; 就……而言
*He stood out in terms of competence from all his fellows.
他在能力方面比他所有同事都突出。
*You could only really tell the effects of the disease in the long term, and five years wasn’t long enough.
这种疾病的影响只有在长期内才能真正看清楚, 而5年是不够长的。
*That is an easy commitment to make in the short term.
在短期内做这个承诺是很简单的。
【词块积累】
in the long term 从长远来看
in the short term 从短期来看
(1)(2019·江苏高考)With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.
由于大脑大, 人类在智力方面胜过其他生物。
(2)The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.
从长远来看, 这项协议应该会产生非常积极的结果。
(3)In the short term, however, the loss of jobs is alarming.
然而就目前来说, 就业机会的丧失之多是惊人的。
【补偿训练】
翻译句子
(1)You should be thinking in terms of graduating next year.
你应该考虑明年毕业的事了。
(2)In the long term, alcohol causes high blood pressure.
从长远角度讲, 酒精会导致高血压。
6. I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.
我正要洗澡, 突然听到有人在叫, 狗在吠。
【句式解构】
be about to do . . . 表示“即将发生的动作”, 不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用, 常用于be about to do. . . when. . . , 意为“正要做……这时……”。
*(2020·浙江高考)The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
大幕就要拉开了, 几分钟后动作和对话将告诉你整个故事。
*Teri and Kim are about to leave the cottage when they hear someone come in.
泰瑞和金姆正准备离开茅草屋, 这时, 她们听到有人进了屋子。
*It was a cold night in Washington, D. C. , and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me.
那是华盛顿一个寒冷的夜晚, 我正往旅馆走, 这时一个男子走近我。
*Hardly had he left the room when the traveler entered.
他刚离开房间, 那客人就进来了。
(1)be doing. . . when. . . 正在做……, 这时……
(2)be about to do. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
(3)had hardly done. . . when. . . 刚做完……这时……
注意: 使用“had hardly done. . . when. . . ”结构时, hardly如果放在句首, 主句要用部分倒装句式。
(1)You are heading for a completely different world, now that you are about to graduate from high school.
现在你即将从高中毕业, 前往一个完全不同的世界。
(2)I was about to set out when it began to rain heavily.
我正要出发, 这时开始下起大雨来了。
(3)I was about to give up the search when something in the bushes caught my eyes.
我正要放弃搜寻, 这时灌木丛中有东西吸引了我的目光。
(4)句型转换
I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it. (用倒装句式)
→Hardly had I got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it.
拓视野·观天下
1. Due to the effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic and steady recover of economy, China’s domestic use of jets are up 87 percent this year, compared to the same period two years earlier.
由于新冠肺炎疫情的有效控制和经济的稳步复苏, 今年我国国内飞机使用率较两年前同期增长87%。
2. And as UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said, 2021 is a critical year to address the climate emergency.
正如联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯所说, 2021年是应对气候紧急状况的关键一年。
3. These moves would release enormous potential and further promote intraregional trade and investment flows.
这些举措将释放巨大潜力, 进一步促进区域内贸易和投资流动。
4. The satellites, including Qilu-1 and Qilu-4, have entered their planned orbits and will provide East China’s Shandong province with remote sensing services for land survey, urban construction, agriculture, forestry, energy, disaster prevention and reduction.
齐鲁1号、齐鲁4号等卫星已进入计划轨道, 将为中国东部的山东省提供土地调查、城市建设、农业、林业、能源、防灾减灾等遥感服务。
5. The blacklist system will help purify the online environment and rectify online disorder in a timely manner, as it’s an overall ban for those who commit serious violations or immoral acts during live streaming marketing.
黑名单制度将有助于净化网络环境, 及时整治网络混乱, 因为对于在直播营销过程中有严重违规或不道德行为的人, 将全面封禁。
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