Extended reading & Project
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. New technology has enabled the development of an online virtual(虚拟的) library.
2. During the race Mr Taylor talks to the driver using a headset(耳机).
3. The latest Japanese vacuum cleaners contain sensors(传感器) that detect the amount of dust and type of floor.
4. I think there are many positive aspects to being a twin(双胞胎).
5. A team from the UK were the first to successfully clone(克隆) an animal.
6. Duties and taxes are the most obvious barrier(障碍) to free trade.
7. With repeated applications of weedkiller, the weeds(杂草) were overcome.
8. A big blue globe(球体) near the opening of the exhibit shows places where orchids grow.
9. The moon is a satellite(卫星) of earth.
10. Women are sometimes denied opportunities only because of their gender(性别).
Ⅱ. 根据语境用所给词的适当形式填空
1. What’s your definition(define) of happiness
2. My lack of practical(practice) experience was a disadvantage.
3. Few academic(academy) programs have ever received such public attention.
4. They are engaged(engage) in talks with the Irish government.
5. It initially(initial) surprises us that many of their cities were not built next to the rivers but instead on high terrain in rolling uplands.
6. She’s not very optimistic(optimism) about the outcome of the talks.
7. He was beginning to get very annoyed(annoy) with me about my carelessness.
8. Art books are expensive(expense) to produce.
9. In the past country people envied(envy) those in the city.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示补全句子
1. They have been at the forefront of the campaign for political change.
他们一直处于政治变革运动的前沿。
2. Obesity is associated with a host of health problems.
肥胖症往往与许多健康问题有关。
3. He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以健康为代价建立了自己的事业。
4. James said their firm could use state-of-the-art technology to bring these creative ideas to life.
詹姆斯表示, 他们的公司可以利用最先进的技术将这些创意付诸实践。
翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. Imagine studying the solar system or the human body in a fully immersive environment.
想象一下, 在一个完全沉浸式的环境中研究太阳系或人体。
2. What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise a delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient
如果我告诉你, 医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”, 以便在病人身上做手术前先进行精密的手术练习, 那该会怎样呢
3. It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.
虚拟博物馆和交互式3D展览很快就会普及。
4. Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas.
在某些领域, 仅仅是试图弄清楚如何在技术方面做我们想做的事情, 就会证明是具有挑战性的。
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Basic information
(1)Topic of the interview: Virtual reality
(2)The interviewee: Frank, an expert in virtual reality
(3)Frank’s attitude to the future of VR: Optimistic
More details
(4)Application in education: Academic VR enables students to interact with others in a three-D environment.
(5)Application in medicine: VR can be used to help perform complex surgery.
(6)Applications in other aspects: VR can also be used in entertainment, museums, shopping and travelling.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)How does your brain respond to VR
A. Believe it is real.
B. Become puzzled.
C. Ignore its existence.
D. Make no response.
(2)What is the effect of using VR in education
A. Providing students with more practical chances.
B. Improving students’ ability of imagination.
C. Broadening students’ international vision.
D. Improving students’ interest and learning efficiency.
(3)How is VR applied in medicine
A. By making an operation simple.
B. By providing a new surgical method.
C. By creating real situations for training.
D. By helping surgeons relax before surgery.
(4)Which statement is right about the application of VR in daily life
A. It helps people save time while shopping.
B. It offers more vacation opportunities.
C. It allows people to see exhibition at home.
D. It helps people make more informed choices.
(5)What is Frank’s opinion on the evolution of VR
A. It depends on 5G.
B. Everything is possible.
C. Cost is the biggest barrier.
D. There is a long way to go.
答案: (1)～(5)ADCDB
2. Fill in the blanks according to the text.
VR (virtual reality), just like its name, (1)means(mean) reality that is not real. Though you know the sensory information (2)surrounding(surround) you is not real, part of your brain believes it is and acts (3)accordingly(according). VR can be used in many fields, education, for example. It helps students understand many complex situations such as the universe (4)and micro world. In medicine, VR can help surgeons practice operating on a virtual “twin” before operating (5)on the real person. It can also help train new surgeons.
VR has a (6)variety(vary) of applications in our daily life. Some game systems allow players (7)to put(put) on a special headset and they will enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual (8)opponents(opponent). VR is being introduced to help people see exhibitions in museums, do shopping and selecting travel destinations. In either case, VR will help people make more (9)informed(inform) choices.
Though there are some barriers for the development of VR, it is promising. Especially during this age (10)when technology is developing fast, everything is possible.
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)When you wear a VR headset equipped with(过去分词短语作定语)sensors and a screen(时间状语从句), you are surrounded by three-D images, sounds and other sensory information, which creates a super-realistic effect called(过去分词作后置定语) “presence”(定语从句).
译文: 当你戴上装有传感器和一个屏幕的VR头盔时, 你就会被3D图像、声音和其他感官信息包围, 从而产生一种被称为“在场”的超现实效果。
(2)When shopping online(状语), you(主语) can look forward to(谓语) being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree view(宾语部分).
译文: 在网上购物时, 你可以期待能够拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆试穿衣服, 以360°视角观看产品。
(3)For example, 5G technology(主语), with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed, (with 引导的短语作后置定语) will make it (形式宾语)possible(补语) for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are(真正宾语).
译文: 例如, 5G技术有潜力以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动连接, 使人们无论在哪里都能享受更身临其境的虚拟现实体验。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What do you think of the application of VR in education (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
It is wonderful to use VR to help understand something complex and abstract.
2. What other applications of VR do you know about What future development do you think VR will have (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
VR is now being used to help people learn to drive. The learners put on a special headset and begin to drive a virtual car. It helps the learners practise some essential skills. In my opinion, VR technology will be more mature and be applied in more aspects in the future, as it is so convenient and effective in fulfilling some difficult tasks.
要点精研·探究学习
1. definition n. 定义; 释义; 解释
*(2020·天津高考)I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
我很欣慰地知道“酷”的定义比我以前想的要宽泛得多。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit.
如果您的孩子喜欢在厨房里, 那么烹饪营绝对是正确的选择。
*(2020·天津高考)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
这个新的开始给了我一个重新定义自己的机会, 并发现了一个全新的“酷”的版本。
【词块积累】
(1)definition of 定义
by definition 按照定义; 当然地
(2) define vt. 定义; 规定
define sth. as 把某事定义为
be defined as 被定义为
(3) definite adj. 一定的; 确切的
It is definite that 毫无疑问
be definite about 对……有把握
(4) definitely adv. 清楚地, 当然; 明确地
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)There is no general agreement on a standard definition(definite)of intelligence.
(2)Living in a highly competitive society, you definitely(definite) have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.
(3)They have very definite(define) ideas on how to bring up children.
(4)A race is defined(define) as a class of individuals with common characteristics.
2. engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣等); 雇用; 聘用; 与……建立密切联系
*Without your guidance and encouragement, we couldn’t have made so great progress, so we decide to engage you as our guide.
没有您的指导和鼓励, 我们不可能取得如此大的进步, 所以我们决定聘请您做我们的向导。
*(2019·北京高考)The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources.
从大学获益最多的学生是那些完全从事学术生活, 充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。
*What happened between the couple is a mystery. No one knows why they broke up after their engagement.
这对夫妇之间发生了什么是一个谜。没人知道他们订婚后为什么分手。
【词块积累】
(1)engage sb. as 使担任……职务; 聘用某人当……
engage with 与……接洽; 建立友好关系
engage sb. in 使某人参加……; 让某人从事于……
be engaged in 参与; 从事于; 忙于
be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚
get engaged 订婚; 参与
be engaged 约会; 占线
(2)engagement n. 婚约; 约会
engagement ring 订婚戒指
engagement with 参与
break off one’s engagement to sb.
解除与某人的婚约
【小词汇·大文化】
We will support the central region to actively engage in the restructuring of global industrial chains and strengthen global cooperation in areas including technology and energy.
我们将支持中部地区积极参与全球产业链重组, 加强技术、能源等领域的全球合作。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He is currently engaged as a consultant.
(2)Huck was silent for some time and engaged in a mental struggle.
(3)Their engagement (engage)was announced in the local paper.
(4)He was engaged to Lucy ten days ago.
(5)She has the ability to engage with young minds.
3. initial adj. 最初的; 开始的; n. 首字母
*My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
我最初的反应是要婉言谢绝这个提议。
*The cows were marked with their owner’s initials and a number.
这些奶牛被标记上了它们主人的姓名首字母和一个数字。
*Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they initially predicted.
预报员们说暴风雨可能不像他们最初预报的那样糟。
【词块积累】
(1) initial stages 最初阶段; 原始期
initial reaction 最初反应
initial conditions 初始条件
initial data 原始数据
(2)initially adv. 最初, 首先; 开头
【即学活用】(1)写出下列黑体部分的意思
①The business quickly repaid the initial cost on advertising. (最初成本)
②During the initial stages of the Gulf War, prices moved up by 21%. (最初阶段)
③We suggest that these experiments be repeated using a wider range of initial conditions. (初始条件)
(2)语法填空
Initially(initial)the government was unwilling to accept the defeat.
4. annoy vt. 使恼怒; 使生气; 打扰; 骚扰
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)There is also the matter of tone. Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day
还有语调的问题。谁没有收到过一封让人心烦的、毁了一整天的邮件呢
*To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
说实话, 选民有时会感到烦恼, 不是因为他们讨厌投票, 而是因为他们在情感和公平之间有分歧。
*It annoyed him that he found they hadn’t waited for him.
他发现他们没有等他, 这使他很恼火。
【词块积累】
(1)annoy sb. with sth. /by doing sth.
因(做)某事使某人烦恼
(2)annoyed adj. 感到恼火的; 觉得生气的; 颇为生气的
be annoyed with sb. 对某人感到生气
be annoyed at/about 因……而生气
(3) annoying adj. 使人不高兴的; 恼人的; 烦人的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He seemed annoyed at your complaining manner.
(2)The annoying(annoy) thing about the scheme is that it’s confusing.
(3)Annoyed(annoy) to see Li Dan still sleeping, she said in a loud voice, “Li Dan, get up! ”
(4) Failure is annoying(annoy), but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways.
5. globe n. 球体; 球状物; 地球仪; 地球; 世界
*The overhead light was covered now with a white globe.
顶灯现在被一个白色的球状物罩了起来。
*Hong Kong’s stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis. 香港股市下跌, 引发全球金融危机。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. 这些平台的流行正在全球蔓延。
【词块积累】
(1)around the globe 全球; 世界各地
the globe 地球; 世界
(2)global adj. 全球的
global economy 全球经济
global warming 全球变暖
global market 全球市场
(3)globally adv. 全球地; 世界上
语法填空
(1)He sailed round the globe.
(2)It was a great achievement that a month later a global(globe)agreement was reached.
(3)Today, as urban population explodes globally(global), cities become more crowded.
6. expense n. 费用; 开销; 开支
*The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
我们店里的数码相机质量很好。万一有什么毛病, 在保修期内我们负责修理, 修理费我们掏。
*With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.
我们每周最大的家庭消费是食物, 苏珊娜和马特每周住在不同的家庭里。
*As a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is. 通常规则是, 电脑越贵越好。
【词块积累】
(1)at great expense 以巨大的代价
at the expense of 以……为代价; 由某人出钱
at sb’s expense 由某人出钱
at no expense 不花钱地
living/household/medical/legal expenses
生活费用/家庭开支/医疗费用/律师费用
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的
(3)expensively adv. 昂贵地
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We must limit the expenses(expense)to what we can afford.
(2)Please inform us where we could rent a house — not too expensive(expense) but convenient.
(3)He earned his fortune at the expense of his health.
(4)She was expensively(expensive) dressed, with fine furs and jewels.
7. envy n. &vt. 羡慕; 忌妒
*Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his mother.
渐渐地他开始承认自己对母亲的羡慕。
*When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with envy.
当玛丽在舞台上主持晚会时, 她的同事们都羡慕地看着她。
*It’s a difficult situation you’re in. I don’t envy you.
你的处境很困难。万幸不是我摊上。
【词块积累】
(1)envy of 忌妒……; 羡慕……
the envy of 令人忌妒(羡慕)的人(事物)
with envy 忌妒地; 羡慕地
be green with envy 羡慕极了; 十分忌妒
out of envy 出于妒忌
(2)envy sb. sth. 忌妒某人某事; 羡慕某人某事
not envy sb. / sth. 不羡慕某人/某物; 庆幸不必做别人非做不可的事
(3) envious adj. 羡慕的; 忌妒的
【小词汇·大文化】
China’s economic performance over the past four decades has been the envy of the world. What’s more, it rooted out absolute poverty.
中国过去40年的经济表现令世界艳羡。更重要的是, 它消除了绝对贫困。
语法填空
(1)They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
(2)Britain’s National Health Service was once the envy of the world.
(3)Only she has access to such precious resources, which is envied(envy) by her fellows.
(4)It is wrong of you to envy(envy) the people who are superior to you.
(5)They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.
(6)He saw the envious(envy) look in the other boy’s eyes.
(7)What beautiful furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green with envy.
8. a host of 许多; 大量
*The Tang Dynasty produced a host of great poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.
唐朝有许多大诗人, 如李白、杜甫、白居易等。
*A real pandemic, of course, would throw up a host of other problems.
当然, 真正的流行病还会引发大量的其他问题。
【词块积累】
表示“大量的; 许多”的词语可分为以下几类:
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)A large number of books have been stolen(steal) from the library so far.
(2)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined(decline) by 50 percent in recent years.
(3)More than one doctor was involved(involve) in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
(4)One survey shows that large amounts of water are wasted(waste) every year in China, and that one third is available to be saved.
(5)Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national parks these years, which are(be) now home to bears, wolves, and other wild animals.
(6)A great deal of money was donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
9. boil down to 归结为; 基本问题是
*What they want boils down to just one thing. It is land.
他们想要的归根结底只有一样东西, 那就是土地。
*The whole issue will probably boil down to parental responsibility.
整个事件也许会归结为父母的责任问题。
*So the question will always boil down to: who pays for the extra cost, and takes the initial risk
所以问题总是会归结为: 谁为这额外花费买单, 谁是第一个吃螃蟹的人
【词块积累】
come down to 归根结底
get down to 开始认真考虑; 着手处理
look down upon 看不起
down to the ground 彻底地
down-to-earth 现实的; 讲求实在的
【即学活用】
(1)He wrote a lot in his letter, which can boil down to it that he felt very sorry for his absence.
他在信里写了很多, 归结为一句话, 他为他没有能来表示歉意。
(2)She got down to her work right after her holiday.
假日一过, 她便安下心来进行工作。
(3)All work is of equal value, so we can’t look down upon those manual workers.
所有工作都有同等价值, 所以我们不能歧视体力劳动者。
(4)This house will suit us down to the ground.
这房子非常适合我们。
10. What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise a delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient 如果我告诉你, 医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”, 以便在病人身上做手术前先进行精密的手术练习, 那该会怎样呢
【句式解构】
What if. . . 疑问句, 表示“假使……将会怎么样 ”相当于“What will happen if. . . ”含有What的常见省略式问句有:
What for 为什么
So what 那又怎么样
What’s up 怎么了 发生什么事了
How come 怎么会这样呢
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door ”
如果在以后的生活中, 他们来到一扇比喻性的门, 比如某种机会, 他们没有打开门并抓住机会, 而是盯着它想, “如果这不是一扇门会怎样呢 ”
*What if it rained and then froze all through those months
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办
【即学活用】
(1)—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.
—So what We have plenty of money.
——恐怕太贵了。
——那有什么关系 我们有足够的钱。
(2)—Susan is absent from today’s writing class.
—How come As far as I know, she has never missed a class.
——苏珊今天没来上写作课。
——怎么会呢 据我所知, 她从没缺过一节课。
11. It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.
虚拟博物馆和交互式3D展览很快就会普及。
【句式解构】before 引导时间状语从句
(1)before引导时间状语从句时, 翻译比较灵活, 可译为“在……之前; ……之后才……; (不久)就……; 还没来得及就……”等意义。
(2)含before的常用句式:
before sb. knew it不知不觉就……
It won’t be long before. . . 不久就……(before从句用一般现在时)
It will be+时间段+before. . . 过若干时间才……(before从句用一般现在时)
It wasn’t. . . before. . . 没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)
It was. . . before. . . 过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
*(2020·天津高考)Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.
威尼还没来得及说“是”, 总统就匆匆往前走了, 声音里带着一丝歉意。
*She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月后才被发现。
*With global warming becoming more and more serious, it won’t be long before some coastal cities disappear.
随着全球变暖变得越来越严重, 一些沿海城市不久就会消失。
【即学活用】翻译下列句子
(1)She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
我甚至还没来得及走到门口表达我的谢意, 她就离开了。
(2)Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
不知不觉一个小时就过去了, 到了吃午饭的时间了。
(3)It will be five years before we meet again.
五年后我们才能再见面。
(4)It was nearly a day before he realized his mistake and said sorry to his friend Peter.
将近一天之后, 他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。
【要点拾遗】
1. practical adj. 实际的; 真实的; 切实可行的; 有用的; 实事求是的
*It seemed strange that he should have rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.
看起来很奇怪, 他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical.
有关月球成分的数据, 比如月球上有多少冰和其他宝藏, 可以帮助中国决定未来建立月球基地的计划是否可行。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
她说, 事实上, 任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先请教教练或有经验的竞走者, 学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习。
【词块积累】
(1)practical experience 实践经验
practical advice/help/support 切实的忠告/帮助/支持
in practical terms 实际上
for practical purposes 实际上
economical and practical 经济实用
(2)practice n. 实践; 练习; 惯例
vi. &vt. 练习; 实习; 实行
theory and practice 理论与实践
common/current/standard practice 一般/现行/常规做法
practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) He brought up a practical(practice) plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.
(2) It sounds like a good suggestion, but I wonder what it will mean in practical terms.
(3)We often practice speaking(speak) English among ourselves.
2. at the forefront of 处于最前列, 进入重要地位
*The European Union has been at the forefront of cap-and-trade policy. 欧盟一直走在总量管制与交易政策的前沿。
*The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software field.
该新产品使这家公司跻身计算机软件业的前列。
*The two stone lions standing in front of Tian’anmen witnessed many great historic events.
天安门前的这两头石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。
【词块积累】
on/at the cutting edge 处在最前沿的位置
in front of 在……的前面
in the front of 在…… (里面的)前面
ahead of 在……之前; 领先
in advance 提前; 预先
prior to 在……之前; 居先
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement.
(2)The election was held six months ahead of schedule.
(3)The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.
(4)Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly seminar.
名著悦读·素养培优
A Tale of Two Cities(excerpt)
The road to Paris—1775
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the season of light, it was the season of darkness. It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of sadness. It was the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five.
In France there was a King and a Queen, and in England there was a King and a Queen. They believed that nothing would ever change. But in France things were bad, and getting worse. The people were poor, hungry and unhappy. The King made paper money and spent it, and the people had nothing to eat. Behind closed doors in the homes of the people, voices spoke in whispers against the King and his noblemen; they were only whispers, but they were the angry whispers of desperate people.
Late one November night, in that same year 1775, a coach going from London to Dover, stopped at the top of a long hill. The horses were tired, but as they rested, the driver heard another horse coming fast up the hill behind them. The rider stopped his horse beside the coach and shouted:
“I want a passenger, Mr Jarvis Lorry, from Tellson’s Bank in London. ”
“I am Mr Jarvis Lorry, ” said one of the passengers, putting his head out of the window. “What do you want ”
“It’s me! Jerry, Jerry Cruncher, from Tellson’s Bank, sir, ” cried the man on the horse.
“What’s the matter, Jerry ” called Mr Lorry.
“A message for you, Mr Lorry. You’ve got to wait at Dover for a young lady. ”
“Very well, Jerry, ” said Mr Lorry. “Tell them my answer is CAME BACK TO LIFE”.
It was a strange message, and a stranger answer. No one in the coach understood what they meant.
The next day Mr Lorry was sitting in his hotel in Dover when a young lady arrived. She was pretty, with golden hair and blue eyes, and Mr Lorry remembered a small child, almost a baby. He had carried her in his arms when he came from Calais to Dover, from France to England, many years ago. Mr Lorry asked the young lady to sit down.
“Miss Manette, ” he said. “I have a strange story to tell you, about one of the customers of Tellson’s Bank. That’s where I work. ”
“Yes, but I don’t quite understand, Mr Lorry, ” said the young lady. “I received a message from Tellson’s Bank, asking me to come here to meet you. I understood there was some news about my poor father’s money. He died so long ago—before I was born. What is this story you want to tell me ”
“About twenty years ago, Miss Manette, a French doctor married an English lady. They had a daughter, but just before she was born, her father disappeared. Nobody knew what had happened to him. Not long afterwards his unhappy wife died, and their daughter was brought back to England. ”
“But this is like my father’s story, Mr Lorry. And wasn’t it you who brought me back to England ”
导语 《双城记》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的长篇历史小说。故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连结起来, 围绕着马奈特医生一家和以德发日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。
【词海拾贝】
1. whisper n. 耳语(声); 低语(声)
2. desperate adj. 绝望的
3. coach n. 四轮大马车
【素养笔记】
1. (语言能力)What can we know from the second paragraph
People were living a miserable life. They were already angry. They hated the King and the nobles, but they did not dare to speak out against the King.
2. (语言能力)Who brought Miss Manette back to London when she was a baby
A. Mr Jarvis Lorry.
B. Jerry Cruncher.
答案: A
3. (文化意识)What is the background of this story
A Tale of Two Cities is set during the French Revolution. It tells a story happened between London and Paris.
读后感悟:____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
译文:
《双城记》(节选)
去巴黎的路——1775年
那是最好的年代, 也是最糟的年代。那是光明的时节, 也是黑暗的时节。那是希望的春季, 也是悲伤的冬季。那是公元1775年。
那时的法国有国王和王后, 英国也有国王和王后, 他们相信什么事情都不会改变。但是法国的境况很糟糕, 而且是每况愈下。人民在贫穷、饥饿和不幸中生活。国王发行纸币进行挥霍, 而百姓却要忍饥挨饿。在门户紧闭的家中, 人们悄声地谈论着反对国王和他的贵族们的话题。它们只是低声的密谈, 但却是绝望中的人们愤怒的声音。
就在那1775年11月的一个深夜, 一辆从伦敦赶往多佛的马车停在了一条绵延的山丘的顶部。马匹都已经很累了, 但在休息时, 赶车人听到后面有另一匹马正急速地朝他们赶来。骑马人把马停在马车的旁边并喊道:
“我要找伦敦台尔森银行来的贾维斯·劳里先生。”
“我就是贾维斯·劳里先生, ”车内的一位乘客从车窗探出头来说道。“有什么事吗 ”
“是我! 杰里, 杰里·克拉彻, 从台尔森银行来的, 先生, ”马上的人喊道。
“什么事, 杰里 ”劳里先生问道。
“捎个信儿给您, 劳里先生, 您得在多佛等候一位年轻女士。”
“好吧, 杰里, ”劳里先生说。“告诉他们, 就说我的答复是‘活过来’”。
口信儿是奇特的, 而答复就更奇特了。马车上的人都不明白他们在说什么。
第二天, 劳里先生在多佛的旅馆里坐着时, 来了一位年轻的女士。她很美, 有一头金黄的头发和蓝色的眼睛, 这让劳里先生想起了一个小孩儿, 几乎是个婴儿。那是在很多年前, 在从法国加莱去英国多佛的路上, 他曾把她抱在怀里。劳里先生让这位年轻女士坐下来。
“马内特小姐, ”他说道。“我有个离奇的故事要告诉你, 是关于台尔森银行的一位顾客的。台尔森银行是我工作的地方。”
“好吧, 但是我不太明白, 劳里先生, ”年轻的女士说。“我从台尔森银行接到口信, 要我到这儿来见您。我知道一些有关我可怜的父亲的钱的事。他很早就已经去世了——在我出生之前。您要告诉我的是什么故事呢 ”
“大约20年前, 马内特小姐, 有位法国医生娶了一位英国女士。他们有了一个女儿, 但是在他们的女儿出生之前, 这位父亲却失踪了。没有人知道他出了什么事。不久, 他那位伤心的妻子也去世了, 他们的女儿被带回了英国。”
“但这像是我父亲的故事呀, 劳里先生。况且不正是您把我带回英国的吗 ”
PAGE
20Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
要点精研·探究学习
1. distribution n. 分配, 分布; 分发, 分送; 分布状态
*The unfair distribution of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer. 财富的不公平分配已经成为一个严重的问题, 政府已经决定采取行动使其更公平。
*The Red Cross organized the distribution of food and clothing in the disaster area.
红十字会组织在灾区分发食物和衣服。
*Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the homeless people.
成千上万的士兵正在努力向无家可归的人们分发食物和毯子。
【词块积累】
(1)the distribution of ……的分布
(2)distribute. . . to. . . 把……分给……
distribute. . . among. . . 在……中分发……
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The map shows the distribution(distribute) of this species across the world.
(2)He tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees.
(3)We all feel privileged to distribute the goods among the children.
(4)This species of butterfly is widely distributed(distribute) all over our country.
2. predict vt. 预言; 预告; 预测
*Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估这些信息之后, 我就帮助其他科学家一起预测火山喷出的熔岩接着将往何处流, 流速是多少。
*The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.
唤醒感官的第一步是在我们将要看到和感觉到的事情发生之前停止预测。
*Based on his theory, astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of Uranus. 根据他的理论, 天文学家预测在天王星的轨道上可能存在另一颗行星。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
Levine说, 在控制了父母的收入、教育程度和谈话量的差异后, 益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个重要预测器。
【词块积累】
(1)predict sth. /that . . . 预言……; 预测……
It’s predicted that. . . 据预测/预报……; 人们预言/预测
(2)prediction n. 预言; 预测; 预报; 预告
make a prediction for 对……做出预言/预测
【小词汇·大文化】
Sincere can know before; predict the future to do a good plan.
至诚可以前知, 预测未来才能做好计划。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①I believe that predicting(predict) earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future.
②His prediction(predict) was that the candy’s going to land here, then he put his hand there.
(2)句型转换
People predict that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.
→It is predicted that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.
3. decrease vt. &vi. 减少; 降低 n. 减少; 降低
*The new birthrate has decreased from last year’s.
新出生率与去年相比有所下降。
*That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10, simply because we are getting better at warning people.
那听起来很可怕, 但是生命的损失已经减少了十分之一, 这仅仅是因为我们在警告人们这一方面做得越来越好了。
*In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.
在西班牙和葡萄牙, 失业青年人数已经有所下降。
【词块积累】
(1)decrease from. . . to. . . 从……减少到……
decrease by 减少了……
decrease in numbers 减少数量
(2) on the decrease 在减少中; 正在减少
a decrease in 在某方面减少
【小词汇·大文化】
The president of Nigeria is confident that the mass vaccination rollout will help decrease the COVID-19 infection rates across the country.
尼日利亚的总统相信, 大规模疫苗接种将有助于降低全国新冠肺炎感染率。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)There has been a steady decrease in population in this city since 2000.
(2)The report also found that HIV-related deaths had decreased by 60 percent.
(3)The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.
(4)The combination of hot weather and decreased(decrease)water supplies is hurting many industries.
4. deny vt. 否认; 否定; 拒绝承认; 拒绝接受
*The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.
发言人对那些报道不置可否。
*There’s no denying that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认, 如果行动快一点, 本来是救得了他们的。
*It can’t be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.
无可否认, 我们需要投入更多的资源来解决这个问题。
【词块积累】
deny doing sth. 否认做某事
deny that. . . 否认……
deny a claim/a charge/an accusation
否认某种说法/指控/指责
deny sb. sth. 拒绝给予
deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给予
deny oneself sth. 节制
There’s no denying (the fact) that
不可否认的是
It can’t be denied that 无可否认
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)You can’t deny that Tom has been an idle, worthless and dishonorable guy.
(2)At first he denied having witnessed(witness) the robbery, but later he admitted it.
(3)Justice must not be denied to anyone, however poor he may be.
(4)There’s no denying(deny) that it is better than the old one.
5. quantity n. 量; 数量; 大量
*Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. 雨林是地球的肺——储存了大量的二氧化碳, 产生了世界上大量的氧气。
*I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated a large quantity of /large quantities of experience.
我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛并获奖, 所以你一定积累了大量的经验。
*With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are being washed away.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐, 大量的土壤被冲走了。
【词块积累】
a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
【名师点津】
“a quantity of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 而“quantities of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)A large quantity of money has been collected(collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
(2)In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are(be) a major source of air pollution.
(3)Quantities(quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake stricken areas from Shandong.
(4)For example, a large quantity of laws has been made (make)to reduce the carbon emission.
6. conclude vt. &vi. (使)结束, 终止; 断定, 推断出; 达成, 缔结, 订立
*He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
*(2021·浙江高考)With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.
根据我们的研究, 我们现在可以自信地得出结论: 至少有一些狗能区分人类的面部表情。
*Perhaps I ought to conclude with a slightly more light-hearted question. 也许我应当以一个稍微轻松愉快一点的问题结束。
*In conclusion, there is close relationship between the mode of energy use and rural environment change.
总之, 能源利用方式的选择与农村环境的变化息息相关。
【词块积累】
(1)conclude sth. from. . . 从……中推断出……
to conclude 最后
conclude sth. with sth. /by doing sth.
以(做)……结束
(2)conclusion n. 结论; 推论
arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 总之; 最后
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①She concluded her speech with a funny story, which made all the audience laugh.
②In conclusion, he suspected that his wife was lying to him.
③To conclude, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
④When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion(conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
(2)句型转换
I concluded from my own experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”
→I drew/arrived at/came to/reached a conclusion from my own experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”
7. Delivery drones, as the name suggests, are used to deliver goods. 送货无人机, 顾名思义, 是用来送货的。
【句式解构】as引导定语从句
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时是关系代词, 用来指代整个句子的内容, 有“正如”之意, 常放于主句之前, 有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常见的结构有:
as is known to all/as we all know众所周知
as is often the case情况常常如此
as often happens正如经常发生的一样
as you can see正如你所看到的
as has been said before如前所述
(3)which也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 用来指代整个句子的内容, 只能放在主句后, 表示前面这句话带来的某种结果。一般翻译成“这, 这一点, 这件事, 这种情况”等。
*As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 正如维克多·雨果曾经说的: “笑容如阳光, 能驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点, 直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
*As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你所知, 如果你反反复复地做同一件事, 你就会自动地做这件事。
*Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
是的, 的确, 正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的, 这里四周曾是一个大浅水湖的一部分。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①As is said above, he has overcome the difficulty.
②He did not finish the work on time, which made his boss very angry.
(2)As is known to us/As we all know(众所周知), everyone desires health and happiness.
(3)There is no simple answer, as is often the case(情况常常如此), in science.
(4)The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year, as is reported(如报道的那样).
【要点拾遗】
1. spy vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见 n. 间谍
*He spied for his government for more than ten years.
他做过十多年的政府间谍。
*In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
在远处, 我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。
*His role was to use remote viewing to spy on the enemy’s military bases and gather intelligence.
他的职责是用遥视侦察敌人的军事基地并收集情报。
【词块积累】
(1)spy on 暗中监视, 窥探
spy into 调查; 侦查
spy out 秘密监视
spy out the land 摸清情况
(2)a spy plane/satellite 间谍飞机/卫星
a police spy 警方密探
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)More than half of parents’ log onto social networking sites like Facebook to spy on what their children are doing, a study has found.
(2)He likes to spy into other people’s affairs.
(3)Our army sent two soldiers to spy out the land before they started for the valley.
(4)The moths can then be operated via remote control, and act as stealthy spies (spy)in hard-to-reach locations.
2. superiority n. 优越性, 优势; 优越感
*In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. 换句话说, 八卦是令人满意的, 因为它给人一种归属感, 甚至是优越感。
*Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
海伦被选做这项工作, 因为她比其他任何候选人都优秀得多。
*During the North Africa campaign, whichever side had air superiority had the upper hand.
在北非战役中, 哪一边具有空中优势哪一边就占上风。
【词块积累】
(1)superiority in sth. 某方面的优势
superiority to/over sth. /sb. 比……有优势
have naval/air superiority 有海上/空中优势
(2)superior adj. 上级的; 优秀的
superior to. . . 优于; 比…… 优越
superior in 在……方面优越
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is wrong of you to envy the people who are superior to you.
(2)The top student was eager to display his superiority over the others.
(3)Compared with the teachers in other schools, the college’s English teachers have no superiority in age, titles and educational levels.
3. come into use 开始被使用
*The airport couldn’t come into use for some reason.
那个机场因为某种原因没有被投入使用。
*Personal feelings should not come into play when you are making business decisions.
为公事做决策不应掺入个人情感。
*They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.
它们生活在数千万年前的地球上, 远远早于人类的出现。
【词块积累】
“come into+n. ”短语一览
come into being 形成; 产生
come into effect/force 开始生效; 开始实行
come into existence 形成; 产生; 开始存在
come into power 开始执政
come into use 开始使用
come into sight/ view 进入视野, 看见
come into one’s mind 进入脑海, 想起
come into possession of 占有某物, 拥有
come into play 开始活动; 开始起作用
come into operation 实施, 开始生效
【即学活用】
(1)The new car will come into use(被投入使用) next month.
(2)Factories that gave out harmful gases were all shut down after the policy came into effect(生效).
(3)There is no road ahead of us but road will come into existence(出现) after we walk through.
(4)The new power station has already come into operation(开始运转).
(5)A good idea came into his mind(进入他的脑海).
(6)As the thief came into view(看得见), the policeman caught him.
4. Just enter a destination, and the drones will fly the passengers where they want to go. 只要输入一个目的地, 无人机就会把乘客送到他们想去的地方。
【句式解构】“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If. . . , +主句
(2)祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句=If . . . not . . . +主句
(3)名词词组+and+陈述句
*Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will find something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去, 不断探索, 不知不觉中, 你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
*Apply yourself to the job in hand, and you’ll soon finish it.
专心致志地做手头的工作, 你很快就会完成的。
*A few minutes earlier, and I could have seen the famous scientist.
要是早几分钟, 我就能见到那位著名的科学家了。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Give me a chance, and I will reward you with more.
②Give up smoking, or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.
③A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.
(2)一句多译
充分利用各种条件, 我们就能取得成功。
①Make the most of all kinds of conditions, and we will achieve success. (祈使句)
②If we make the most of all kinds of conditions, we will achieve success. (条件从句)
③Making the most of all kinds of conditions, we will achieve success. (分词作状语)
语法精讲·深化学习
将来进行时 Future continuous tense
【情境探究】
观察以上对话完成下列句子
1. We shall be going to Beijing next week.
下周我们要去北京。
2. Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then.
五点至六点之间不要给我打电话, 那时我们在吃饭。
3. Please come Friday. I’ll be having a travel on weekends.
请星期五来。我周末要去旅游。
4. When I get home, my husband will probably be watching television.
当我到家时, 我丈夫可能正在看电视。
5. Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.
接下来两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
【要义详析】
一、基本含义
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作, 或表示要在将来某一时间开始, 并继续下去的动作。
一般用延续性动词表示。常用来表示礼貌地询问、请求或期待等。
二、基本用法
表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。如:
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
三、特殊用法
(1)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如:
*After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.
服药之后, 你会感觉好得多。
*You will be making a mistake. 你会出错的。
(2)表示委婉地请求。如:
*When shall we be meeting again
我们什么时候再见面
(3)表示原因。如:
*Please come tomorrow afternoon. I’ll be having a meeting tomorrow morning.
请你明天下午来吧, 明天上午我有一个会议。
(4)表示结果。如:
*Stop the child or he will be falling over.
制止那个孩子, 要不然他会掉下去。
(5)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)。如:
*My duties will be ending in July, and I’ll be returning to Shanghai.
我的工作将在七月结束, 我会回上海。
【名师点津】一般将来时和将来进行时的区别
1. 将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作, 而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如:
*What will you be doing this time tomorrow 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢
*What will you do tomorrow 你明天干什么
2. 两者均可表示将来, 但将来进行时语气更委婉, 如:
*When will you finish these letters 你什么时候会处理完这些信件 (直接询问, 如上司对下属)
*When will you be seeing Mr White 你什么时候会见怀特先生 (委婉地询问, 如下属对上司)
*When will you pay back the money 你什么时候还钱 (似乎在直接讨债)
*When will you be paying back the money 这钱你什么时候还呢 (委婉地商量)
3. 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思, 而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来的情况。如:
*Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(意愿)
*Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
【即学活用】
(1) Anyhow, you won’t be playing for the next few Saturdays.
无论如何, 接下来的几个星期六你不许再玩了。
(2)We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎降落。
(3)—Will you be remaining in the city
—Yes, I shall be.
——你将来会留在这个城市吗
——是的, 我会。
(4)—Who will be looking after Joe
—Don’t worry! Mr Frith will be looking after him. He said he would.
——谁来照管乔
——别担心! 弗里斯先生会照管他的。他说他会的。
(5) Be sure to come. We’ll be expecting you.
一定要来, 我们会等你的。
(6)He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacation.
暑假期间他将在日内瓦工作。
(7) When will you be visiting us again
你什么时候再来拜访我们
(8)They will be arriving here tomorrow.
他们明天就要到达此地。
【语法主题应用】
使用本单元所学语法知识, 结合中文提示补全句子
Now they are sitting in their classroom. They are listening to a tape. This time tomorrow they (1)will be sitting in the cinema(将正坐在电影院里). They (2)will be watching a film(将在看电影). On Saturday there is no class. So on Saturday they (3)will not be sitting in the classroom(不会坐在教室里). They will (4)be doing other things(做着别的事). Bill (5)will be playing tennis(将在打网球). Ann (6)will be shopping(将在购物). George (7)will still be having breakfast(仍在吃早饭).
读写结合·表达升级
描述未来科技发展
【文体感知】
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. What is mainly talked about in this passage
A time capsule.
2. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Para. 1 A time capsule became the (1)highlight of 1939 World’s Fair.
Para. 2 The capsule was designed to be opened (2)5000 years later to show what life was like at that time.
Para. 3 A message by Einstein for future (3)generations was included in the time capsule.
Para. 4 Einstein predicted that the future would be (4)superior to the present.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 特色表达
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What was the purpose of the 1939 time capsule
A. To record the life of America in the 20th century.
B. To leave a large fortune to the future generations.
C. To give the future generations a surprise.
D. To see whether things in it can last 5, 000 years.
(2)What is Einstein’s message to the future generations about
A. His hopes for the future generations.
B. The achievements of modern science.
C. His concerns about life in the future.
D. His predictions for the future of science.
答案: (1)、(2)AB
2. Complete the following sentences about life in the future.
(1)The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939.
这个时空舱被埋在地下50英尺的一个公园里, 计划于6939年开放。
(2)Our time is rich in inventive minds, the inventions of which could make our lives considerably easier.
我们生活在一个充满了富于创造力头脑的时代, 这个时代的发明可以使我们的生活变得容易得多。
【实践应用】
假定你是李华, 在国际科学与和平周到来之际, 校刊英语栏目举行征文比赛, 请你以“写给未来的朋友”为题写一篇征文稿, 内容包括:
1. 写信的目的; 2. 介绍科技发展现状; 3. 你的愿望。
注意: 词数80左右。
Dear friends,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【谋篇布局】
【遣词造句】
完成句子
1. 随着国际科学与和平周的临近, 我写信告诉你们地球上科学和技术的现状。
With International Week of Science and Peace around the corner, I’m writing to tell you the current state of science and technology on earth.
2. 如今, 我们几乎所有事情都使用机器或机器人。
Nowadays, we use machines or robots for almost everything.
3. AI正在深入各个方面, 它正在帮助我们完成很多工作。这些工作以前是不可能做的。
AI is going deep into all aspects, and it is helping us to complete lots of work. Those work could not be done before.
4. 我们的宇宙飞船能到达月球和金星。
Our spacecraft can reach the moon and Venus.
5. 我们的潜水器可以到达海底的每一个地方。
Our underwater vehicles can reach every place under the sea.
6. 我希望到了你们那个时代, 生活将更加方便
I hope that in your time, life will be more convenient .
7. 人们可以在许多行星之间自由旅行。
People can travel freely between many planets.
句式升级
8. 用定语从句改写句3
AI is going deep into all aspects, and it is helping us to complete lots of work that could not be done before.
9. 用and 连接句6 和句7
I hope that in your time, life will be more convenient and people can travel freely between many planets.
【完美成篇】
Dear friends,
With International Week of Science and Peace around the corner, I’m writing to tell you the current state of science and technology on earth.
Nowadays, we use machines or robots for almost everything. AI is going deep into all aspects, and it is helping us to complete lots of work that could not be done before. Our spacecraft can reach the moon and Venus. Our underwater vehicles can reach every place under the sea.
I hope that in your time, life will be more convenient and people can travel freely between many planets. How fascinating it will be!
Yours,
Li Hua
【话题拓展】
1. 话题特点:
未来科技发展属于想象类作文话题, 采用记叙文或说明文的形式, 围绕主题, 通过丰富的想象, 生动地描写未来科技发展。想象类作文要求作者根据自己已有的生活经验和知识, 超越实际生活来勾画从未见过的或者不曾出现过的生活图景的文章。
2. 话题词汇
(1)master掌握
(2)as you might think如你想象
(3)your future self你未来的自己
(4)in English用英语
(5)go abroad出国
(6)enrich your life丰富你的生活
(7)feel tired out感觉非常累
(8)on the other hand另一方面
(9)for another thing另一方面
(10)in my opinion/personally在我看来
3. 话题句式
(1)表达未来的情形
①With the development of science and technology, our lives will change a lot in the future.
随着科技的发展, 我们的生活将发生很大的变化。
②You will often interview important people and stars face to face.
你会经常遇到重要的人和明星面对面。
③There will be little time to spend with your family.
几乎没有时间和你的家人在一起。
(2)表达个人观点
①I think you will be happy with this job.
我认为你会对你未来的工作感到开心。
②Personally, I will always look on the positive side of the advances of new technology.
个人而言, 我总是会看到新技术进步的积极面。
③I believe you will have a bright future.
我相信你会有一个光明的未来。
PAGE
18Welcome to the unit & Reading
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
导语 Dream it possible是音乐人Andy Love作词谱曲, 为华为消费者业务品牌打造的英文版歌曲。Dream it possible承载着昂扬的华为品牌精神: 相信自己、敢于挑战, 追逐梦想 。
注: 听音填空
Dream it possible
I will run I will climb I will soar
I’m undefeated
Jumping out of my skin pull the chord
Yeah I believe it
The past is everything we were don’t make us who we are
So I’ll dream until I make it real and all I see is stars
It’s not until you fall that you fly
When your dreams 1. come alive you’re unstoppable
Take a shot chase the sun find the beautiful
We will glow in the dark turning dust to gold
And we’ll dream it possible
Possible
I will chase I will reach I will fly
Until I’m breaking until I’m breaking
Out of my cage like a bird in the night
I know I’m changing I know I’m changing
In into something big better than 2. before
And if it takes takes a thousand lives
Then it’s worth 3. fighting for
It’s not until you fall that you fly
When your dreams come alive you’re unstoppable
Take a shot chase the sun find the beautiful
We will glow in the dark turning dust to gold
And we’ll dream it possible possible possible possible
From the bottom to the top
We’re sparking wild fire’s
Never quit and never stop
The rest of our lives
From the bottom to the top
We’re sparking wild fire’s
Never quit and never stop
It’s not until you fall that you fly
When your dreams come alive you’re unstoppable
Take a shot chase the sun find the beautiful
We will 4. glow in the dark turning dust to gold
And we’ll dream it possible
Possible possible possible
We’ll dream it possible
【词海拾贝】
1. soar vi. 飞翔
2. undefeated adj. 不可击败的
3. chord n. 弦
4. unstoppable adj. 无法阻挡的
5. chase vt. 追逐
6. spark v. 发出火花
歌词译文:
梦想成真
我要勇往直前, 我要勇往攀登, 我要自由翱翔,
永不言败, (所向披靡, 势不可挡)
挣脱身体的枷锁,
让灵魂激荡,
哦, 我确信不已!
过往种种造就了现在的我们, 但决定不了我们的未来
所以我们梦想
直到梦想成真, 直到漫天的繁星为我而闪耀,
不怕跌倒, 所以飞翔
梦想的力量不可阻挡
放手一搏吧, 去追逐自己的希望之光, 去寻找属于自己的美好向往,
在暗夜里闪耀出光芒, 在逆境里百炼成钢,
我们定会梦想成真!
我要奋起追逐, 我要迎风而上, 我要自由翱翔,
直至香消玉殒, 直到化为风霜。
走出自己的监牢吧! 像暗夜里飞出的白鹰!
我知道 我正在蜕变, 我正在蜕变 我知道,
变成无比强大, 从未有过
如果需要牺牲, 需要无数的生命那值得去奋斗
不怕跌倒, 所以飞翔
我相信你定会梦想成真,
我相信你势不可挡,
破釜沉舟吧, 去追随自己心中的光亮, 寻找到最美的自己。
我们将在暗夜里修炼出点石成金的力量, 我们定会梦想成真!
从人生的幽谷到人生的巅峰,
我们如野火般燃烧,
永不言弃、永不停息, 一直燃烧,
直至生命的最后一刻。
从人生的幽谷到人生的巅峰,
我们如野火般燃烧,
永不言弃、永不停息。
不怕跌倒, 所以飞翔
我相信你定会梦想成真,
我相信你势不可挡,
破釜沉舟吧, 去追随自己心中的光亮, 寻找到最美的自己。
我们将在暗夜里修炼出点石成金的力量, 我们定会梦想成真!
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. an ancient castle 一个古代的城堡
2. intellectual capacity 智能
3. analyze those samples 分析这些样本
4. the massive walls of the castle 厚实坚固的城堡围墙
5. a major breakthrough 一项重要突破
6. a diploma in banking and finance 一份银行与金融学文凭
7. an autonomous province 一个自治省
8. domestic flights 国内航班
9. the fight against crime 与犯罪活动的斗争
10. urge me to do so 催我这样做
11. pose a threat 构成威胁
12. apparently I lied 显然我撒谎了
13. give them a warning 给他们一个警告
14. the customers’ demands 顾客的需求
15. a cancer victim 一个癌症患者
16. a greedy monkey 一只贪婪的猴子
17. the automatic recognition of handwriting
手写的自动识别
18. a database of names 一个名称数据库
19. alternative energy 替代能源
20. the theft of computers 计算机失窃
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介词或副词填空
1. Heart on the road, feet not on the road, the front is always a mirage, castle in the air.
2. Apparently he had been unfortunate enough to fall victim to a gang of bad people.
3. We had our car broken into last week.
4. Two water tanks provide a total capacity of 400 liters.
5. When heated, ice can turn into water.
6. You will automatically wake up after this length of time.
7. He has put forward new peace proposals.
8. In short, being a good leader needs courage and practice.
9. It would be to your advantage to attend this meeting.
10. The area is heavily dependent on tourism.
根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true(实现).
2. Nowadays, AI is already being applied(已经应用于) in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few.
3. It is clear that we are at a turning point(转折点) in history.
4. As we become more and more dependent on computers(依赖电脑), some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.
人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪, 自20世纪40年代以来, 计算机的发展终于使它成为现实。
2. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.
随着像AlphaGo这样的机器能够从错误中思考和学习, 我们离人类和机器的分界线越来越近了。
3. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺, 智能机器人将为我们带来一个光明的未来, 但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
4. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people’s social media photos to build models of their faces.
此外, 越来越多的人担心我们可能会成为这种技术的受害者, 因为在很多案例中, 黑客利用人们在社交媒体上的照片建立人脸模型, 从而侵入了人脸识别系统。
【构词规律】
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. -ly 常用于形容词之后构成副词。
apparent adj. → apparently adv. 显然, 可见
careful adj. → carefully adv. 小心地
recent adj. → recently adv. 最近
loud adj. → loudly adv. 大声地
2. “动词+into”构成的短语
break into 强行闯入
look into调查, 观察
run into撞上, 偶然碰见
turn into变成
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Part 1 Para. 1 Our dream of having a robot doing everything for us may actually (1)come true.
Part 2 Para. 2 The aim of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from (2)experience, performing like humans.
Para. 3 AI technology developed slowly until in 1997, (3)Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
Para. 4 Nowadays, AI is being (4)applied in many fields.
Para. 5 AI technology is transforming the (5)way we live, but some people show great (6)concern about the threat it brings to us humans.
Part 3 Para. 6 (7)AI must be used to serve people not to harm people.
2. What kind of article is this text
A. Science fiction. B. Popular science.
C. Science report. D. Human science.
答案: B
3. What is the author’s attitude towards AI
A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.
C. Negative. D. Vague.
答案: A
【寻技巧·提能力】
观点态度题答题技巧
1. 根据文章主题句来判断。文章的中心思想与作者的观点态度是密切相关的, 而文章的主题句又反映了文章的中心思想, 因此, 可通过文章的主题句来判断作者的观点态度。
2. 注意不要以个人的好恶来判定作者的态度, 要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
3. 要学会根据作者语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。注意句中带有感彩的词。
4. 作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来, 所以见到but就要提高警惕(还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。
5. 还可以通过作者所举的例子来判断文章作者的态度。作者论证某观点时, 给的例子是正面的, 就可以判断作者的态度是积极乐观的; 如果作者的论述有好有坏, 举例有正面有反面, 基本可以判断作者的态度是客观的。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why does the author begin the article with an imagination
A. To attract readers. B. To convey humor.
C. To stress the point. D. To illustrate the theme.
(2)What is the basic characteristic of artificial intelligence
A. Imitating humans. B. Learning from experience.
C. Having feelings. D. Doing things deliberately.
(3)When did AI become a reality
A. In the 1940s. B. In the 1950s.
C. In 1997. D. In 2017.
(4)What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A. The future of AI. B. Disadvantages of AI.
C. Applications of AI. D. The limitation of AI.
(5)Why does the author quote Stephen Hawking’s words in Paragraph 5
A. To honor Stephen Hawking.
B. To show the importance of AI.
C. To show scientists’ worry about AI.
D. To emphasize people’s reliance on AI.
答案: (1)～(5)ABACC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines, which are capable (1)of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. In (2)the 1940s, the development of computers made AI a (3)reality(real). However, for a long time, AI technology developed very (4)slowly(slow). In 1997, Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov, which marks a new breakthrough in artificial intelligence. AI is now used in a (5)variety(vary) of fields, such as finance, health care, machine translation and art. In fact, the (6)applications(application) of AI are unlimited. In short, AI is changing the way we live. It is clear (7)that we are at a turning point in history.
However, as AI brings great convenience, it (8)has brought(bring) us many worries in the past decades. Many people, including some scientists, wonder that AI might be abused by criminals, (9)causing(cause) panic and social instability. So researchers are urged (10)to think(think) about all the possible dangers that AI might cause to us while they are doing research.
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)It (主语)may seem like(谓语) building castles (动名词短语作宾语)in the air(状语), but(并列连词) given the rate(介词短语作状语) at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed(定语从句), in the future (时间状语)such dreams (主语)may actually come true(谓语).
译文: 这似乎像建造空中楼阁, 但考虑到人工智能(或AI)的开发速度, 未来这些梦想可能真的会实现。
(2)To achieve this aim(目的状语), many approaches (主语)to creating true AI(后置定语) have been put forward(谓语), including “deep learning”(介词短语作状语), which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions(定语从句).
译文: 为了实现这一目标, 人们提出了许多创建真正人工智能的方法, 包括“深度学习”, 这种方法可以让机器通过学习之前的行动结果来提高自身的性能。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. Why are Garry Kasparov and Ke Jie mentioned in the text (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
Garry Kasparov was the then world chess champion and Ke Jie, the then best human Go player. Both of them were defeated by AI. Their story is used to prove that AI has developed into a rather advanced level.
2. What do you think of people’s concerns about artificial intelligence (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
It is reasonable for some people to concern that AI might do harm to us, because we don’t know how to control the ability of the intelligent machines to learn by themselves. It is not impossible for intelligent robots to surpass human intelligence.
3. What do you think intelligent machines will be capable of doing in the future (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
In my opinion, the future intelligent machines will do most of the work which is too complicated or too dangerous for humans to do.
要点精研·探究学习
1. urge vt. 敦促, 催促, 大力推荐, 竭力主张, 驱赶, 鞭策 n. 冲动, 强烈的欲望
*The teacher urged that we should read as many books in English as possible.
老师敦促我们尽可能多读英文书。
*Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
父母应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会参加运动队。
*There is no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.
我没有立即做学校工作的紧迫感。
【词块积累】
(1)urge sb. to do/into doing sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that. . . (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
(2)feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的; 迫切的
(4)urgency n. 紧迫; 急迫; 急事
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We urged them to sort(sort) out the problem sooner rather than later.
(2)He urged on /upon the students the importance of working hard.
(3)I make an urgent(urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
(4)It is strongly urged that the library (should) be kept(keep) open during the vacation.
2. apparently adv. 显然; 可见
*(2020·浙江高考)I couldn’t see Don, but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.
我看不见唐, 但当我接近拖拉机时, 他跳上了马路, 显然没有受伤, 冲回来找我。
*It occurs to us that we can go there by bus together, which can apparently save us much money.
我们想起来了, 我们可以一起坐公共汽车去那里, 这显然可以节省很多钱。
*Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
明星们显然没有遵循这一基本的体育道德原则。
【词块积累】
表示“显然, 明显”的常见词
apparent apparently
clear clearly
obvious obviously
evident evidently
distinct distinctly
visible visibly
【小词汇·大文化】
Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.
永远不要屈服于力量, 永远不要屈服于敌人看似强大的实力。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)She walked slowly down the road, evidently(evident) in pain.
(2)Obviously(obvious), they’ve had sponsorship from some big companies.
(3)It soon became apparent that no one was going to come.
3. warning n. 警告; 先兆; 警戒
*The minister gave a warning that if war broke out, it would be catastrophic.
大臣警告说战争一旦爆发, 将会是灾难性的。
*The soldiers opened fire without warning.
士兵们未发警告就开了火。
*When I had my first baby, friends warned me that children were expensive.
当我有了第一个孩子时, 朋友们提醒我说养小孩是很花钱的。
【词块积累】
(1)a warning against. . . 警告不要做……
告诫不要……
give sb. (advance/adequate) warning of sth
就某事向某人发出 (预先的/足够的)警告
without (any) warning 毫无预兆
(2)warn vt. 警告, 提醒; 通知
warn sb. of sth. 提醒注意(可能发生的事); 警告某人某事
warn sb. about/against sb. /sth. 警告某人提防某人/某事
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Let me give you a word of warning(warn).
(2)Without warning, the earth began to shake.
(3)Doctors issued a warning against eating any fish caught in the river.
(4)They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.
4. demand n. 要求; 所需之物; 需求, 需要vt. 需要; 强烈要求
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.
她说, 和跑步一样, 竞走也对体力有要求。
*(2020·浙江高考) “Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
佛罗里达大西洋大学的研究员亚历克斯·斯特瓦诺维奇说: “自适应信号可以确保交通需求得到满足。”
*He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice.
他说重建工作会需要高度坚韧、勤劳和奉献。
【词块积累】
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
on demand 按需; 一经要求
(2)demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand of sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that . . . (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(3)demanding adj. 高要求的; 要求严格的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
(2)Now a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn’t have to be that demanding(demand).
(3)So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.
(4)In recent years, with rapid economic development, the energy is in greater demand in China.
(5)I think the government should try to meet the public’s demands(demand).
5. recognition n. 识别; 认出; 承认; 认可; 赞誉, 赏识
*There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.
人们普遍认识到改革的紧迫需求。
*The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里, 这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
*(2020·江苏高考)We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.
我们不会说当地的语言, 不知道当地的风俗, 通常情况下, 我们也不完全认识当地的食物。
【词块积累】
(1)recognition n. 认出; 认识
beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
(2)recognize v. 认出, 识别
recognize sb. /one’s voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音
be recognized to be/as. . . 被认为是……
It is recognized that. . . 人们公认……
【小词汇·大文化】
Don’t worry when you are not recognized, but strive to be worthy of recognition.
如果你不被别人认可, 不要担心, 要努力让自己值得被认可。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing(recognize) its role in international affairs.
(2)The teenager was brave enough to save the woman’s life and recognized as a hero.
(3)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognize).
(4)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized(recognize).
(5)It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
6. alternative n. 可供选择的事物
adj. 可供替代的; 非传统的
*For us, there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution.
对我们来说, 除了立即采取行动阻止污染, 没有其他选择。
*Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
失败是成功之母。有时候, 为了成功, 我们别无选择, 只能勇敢地面对失败, 并从中学习。
*New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers.
治疗关节炎的新方法可能有提供止痛药之外的另一种选择。
【词块积累】
an alternative to. . . ……的替代品
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
【名师点津】
(1)the alternative后可接介词to或of, 接to表示代替; 接of表同位关系。
(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式:
do nothing but do sth.
have nothing to do but do sth.
have no choice but to do sth.
can not choose but do sth.
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.
(2)The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to
communicating(communicate) with others.
(3)At the beginning of the month, Tom and others were still looking for an alternative to Mary.
7. to name but a few 略举几例
*Activities available include table tennis, snooker and swimming, to name but a few.
可以参加的活动包括乒乓球、斯诺克台球和游泳等。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. 例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区的犯罪率较低。
*If you smell something unusual (gas fumes or burning, for instance), take the car to your mechanic.
如果你闻到不寻常的气味(比如汽油味或燃烧), 把车送到修理工那里。
【词块积累】
表示“举例”的短语
to name a few 举几个例子
for example 比如; 举例而言
for instance 例如
take sth. for example 以……为例
give an example 举例
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Since that time, we have seen nylon used in the production of tires, sweaters, shoes, and carpets, to name(name) but a few.
(2)The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it.
(3)We all know how difficult it can be, for instance, to ask the boss for a raise.
8. break into 强行闯入; 撬开; 突然开始(笑、唱等); 顺利打入
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.
接下来, 我把鸡蛋打到碗里, 用筷子快速地打。
*(2020·天津高考)Jones’ idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
琼斯的想法已经完全实现了, 这种“开心聊天”长椅有助于打破人们不打招呼的无形社会障碍。
*A neighbour asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up. 一位邻居要求调小音乐, 聚会便散了。
【词块积累】
break away from 离开; 脱离
break in (不及物)插嘴; 闯入
break out 爆发
break up 分散; 拆散; 驱散; 分手
break through 取得突破; 克服
break down 分解; (机器)损坏, 出故障; (谈判)失败; (身体)垮掉
【易混辨析】
break in和break into都表示“闯入”, 但二者用法不同。前者是不及物的, 后不跟宾语, 不用于被动语态; 后者into是介词, 后要接宾语, 可用于被动语态。
【即学活用】写出下列句中黑体部分的汉语意思。
(1)The company made an attempt to break into the American market. (打入)
(2)Talks with business leaders broke down last night. (失败)
(3)Although many years later the Americans broke away from their colonial master, the language of English remained, and still does. (脱离)
(4)They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939. (爆发)
(5)It takes some time to break through the surface. (冲破)
9. It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. 很明显, 我们正处在历史的转折点上。
【句式解构】
It+be+adj. +that. . . , it为形式主语
It作形式主语的相关句式:
(1)It be+形容词(possible, obvious, important. . . )+that从句
(2)It be+过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported. . . )+that从句
(3)It+不及物动词(occur, happen. . . )+that从句
(4)It be+名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder. . . )+that从句
*It was obvious that she was unhappy, because I had promised to go and see the film with her.
她显然不高兴, 因为我已经答应和她一起去看电影。
*It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash.
在飞机失事中他幸免于难, 真是奇迹。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
据说, 25-34岁的人与父母住在一起的比例约为20%, 而1991年这一比例为16%。
【即学活用】
(1)It is obvious(显而易见) that students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
(2)It’s a pity(很遗憾) that you’ve missed such a good chance.
(3)I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family. It’s necessary(有必要) that you should know about table manners of China.
(4)It’s vital(至关重要的) that we (should) learn something from failure.
10. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. 虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺, 智能机器人将为我们带来一个光明的未来, 但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
【句式解构】
先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句。
当先行词为抽象地点名词case, situation, position, atmosphere, stage, activity, family, future, phenomenon, scene和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时, 常用where或in which来引导定语从句。
*Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick
你们有没有过这样的情况: 别人控告你们的记者, 说他(她)们的报道完全失实
*We shouldn’t ignore the phenomenon where little children are under great stress.
我们不应该忽视小孩子处于巨大压力下的现象。
*I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think of any circumstance where this would be beneficial or useful.
我不喜欢在这个严肃的演讲中有任何幽默, 因为我想不出在任何情况下这将是有益的或有用的。
语法填空
(1)I can think of many cases where students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
(2)All the neighbours admire this family where the parents are treating their child like a friend.
(3)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
(4)He is in a dangerous situation that/which/不填 he doesn’t know how to deal with.
(5)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
(6)When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring your mind to a point where it’s under control.
【要点拾遗】
1. domestic adj. 家庭的; 家用的; 本国的; 国内的
*Women are still the main victims of domestic violence.
妇女仍然是家庭暴力的主要受害者。
*Domestic conditions did not justify a loosening of monetary policy.
国内的条件不适宜放宽货币政策。
*Their domestic reforms did nothing to solve the problem of unemployment.
他们的国内改革没有采取任何措施以解决失业问题。
【词块积累】
domestic affairs/politics 国内事务/政治
domestic flights 国内航班
domestic appliances 家用器具
domestic chores 家务琐事
domestic violence 家庭暴力
domestic service 家政服务
domestic market 国内市场
【即学活用】写出下列句中黑体部分的意思
(1)The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies. (国内政策)
(2)Water buffaloes supply Egypt with more meat than any other domestic animal. (家畜)
(3)The company is interested at the moment in retailing its own domestic brand. (本土品牌)
(4)It was clear that his urgency came largely from concern for the domestic economy. (国内经济)
2. threaten vt. 危及; 对……构成威胁; 威胁; 恐吓
*They threatened to blow up the building, which put it under threat. 他们威胁要炸毁那座建筑物, 这使它受到威胁。
*In addition, a large quantity of pollution is damaging our environment. As a consequence, our health is under threat.
此外, 大量的污染正在破坏我们的环境。因此, 我们的健康受到威胁。
*If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease. 如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们找不到足够的食物, 它们的数量可能会减少。
【词块积累】
(1)threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth. 用……威胁某人
be threatened with 受到……威胁
(2)threat n. 威胁, 恐吓
be a threat to 对……是威胁
be under threat 受到威胁
pose a threat 构成威胁
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He said army officers had threatened to destroy(destroy) the town.
(2)The child made a sudden rush across the road, which has threatened his parents to death.
(3)They fear change, risk and uncertainty because these threaten them with potential losses.
(4)All of these activities pose a real threat to the hummingbird population.
3. pose vt. 造成; 产生; 提问; 质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势
*He was the first to pose an alternative concept of the world.
他是第一个提出另一种世界观的人。
*The group was well posed for the photograph.
这群人为拍照摆好了姿势。
*In the early stages of practice, stay in the pose for three minutes.
在最初的练习阶段, 保持这个姿势3分钟。
【词块积累】
pose a question 提问; 质询
pose (for sb. /sth. ) (为某人/某事)摆好姿势
pose as 冒充; 伪装成
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk
构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)She was employed by the art school to pose for student artists.
(2)He posed as a rich man though he owed more than he owned.
(3)His concern for the poor is a mere pose.
(4)At the end of that post, I posed(pose) a question that I promised to address this week.
4. breakthrough n. 重大进展; 突破 adj. 突破性的
*With medical breakthroughs, the majority of the people are living a healthier and longer life.
随着医学的突破, 大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。
*The landing of the Tianwen 1 spacecraft on Mars marks another major breakthrough in the development of China’s space industry.
天问一号探测器着陆火星标志着中国航天事业发展取得又一重大突破。
*Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.
此后不久, 珀金在科学上取得了突破, 这为他带来了名誉和财富。
【词块积累】
make a breakthrough 做出突破性进展
achieve a breakthrough 取得突破性进展
breakthrough point 突破点
breakthrough technology 突破性技术
【即学活用】
(1)I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough(科学突破)to save people’s lives.
(2)The good news that we have made a breakthrough(做出突破性进展) in oil exploration cheers us up.
(3)This is the important breakthrough point(突破点) for us to understand his mind and spirit structure.
(4)A major breakthrough has been achieved(得以实现) in cancer research.
5. Whatever happens, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences. 无论发生什么, 我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的, 否则我们将不得不面对后果。
【句式解构】“疑问词-ever”引导让步状语从句
熟记“疑问词-ever”句式
(2)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句, 又可引导名词性从句。
(3)no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m) 只引导让步状语从句。
*(2020·天津高考)While libraries still loan out books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.
虽然图书馆仍然外借图书, 但你会发现, 由于地区图书馆的合作网络, 无论你要找什么, 你都会更容易得到一本。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
无论它是什么, 结果都是对中亚最纯净的传统的完美而生动的描述。
*(2020·天津高考)However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 无论你如何开始, 请记住, 没有比现在更好的时机开始, 因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①Whenever I’m unhappy, it is my friends who cheer me up.
②By the way, whatever difficulty you meet with, I’m always here waiting for you to turn to.
③Whoever is interested in watching the coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School should book the ticket in advance.
(2)句型转换
①Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.
→No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.
②Every year, anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
→Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
拓视野·观天下
1. Major vaccine-developing and producing countries need to take up their responsibility to provide more vaccines to developing countries in urgent need.
疫苗研发和生产大国要负起责任, 多提供一些疫苗给有急需的发展中国家。
2. Notwithstanding the limited production capacity and enormous demand at home, China has honored its commitment by providing free vaccines to more than 80 developing countries in urgent need and exporting vaccines to 43 countries.
在产能有限、自身需求巨大的情况下, 中国履行承诺, 向80多个有急需的发展中国家提供疫苗援助, 向43个国家出口疫苗。
3. We need to give full recognition to developing countries’ contribution to climate action and accommodate their particular difficulties and concerns.
我们要充分肯定发展中国家应对气候变化所作的贡献, 照顾其特殊困难和关切。
4. Alternative products are more widely used, and a smart and standardized waste recycling and treatment system is basically established.
替代产品应用水平明显提升, 垃圾智慧化、规范化回收处理体系基本建立。
PAGE
23
