高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking 知识点学案
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking 知识点学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-09 16:30:45 | ||
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选2 Unit 5 课文1 知识点
1. first-aid techniques 急救技能
a blog post 博文；博客帖子
a hospital leaflet 医院传单
a short story 短篇小说；短故事
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
1）essential adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的 n. 【pl.】要素；要点；实质；必需品 ① It is essential that … ……是必要的/至关重要的。（that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”的形式）
② It is/ was essential (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是必要的。
③ be essential for/ to … 对……来说是重要的。
④ essence n. 【U】本质，实质，精髓 in essence 从本质上讲
⑤ essentially adv. 本质上；根本上
2. act as 起……作用；担任；担当
3. a barrier against抵御……的屏障
4. the sun’s rays 太阳的光线
(
注意：
1
）在主动语态中，
prevent
/stop
…
from doing
结构中的
from
可以省略；但在被动语态中，
from
不可省。
2
）区分：
keep
sb. doing
…
使某人一直做
……
)5. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 1）helps, prevents, warns,及warns作并列谓语
(
阻止
……
做
……
)2）prevent…(from) doing
keep … from doing
stop … (from) doing
protect sb. against/ from sth. 保护某人免受……的伤害
3）control your body temperature 控制体温
4）sense of touch 触觉 sense of smell/taste/sight 嗅觉/味觉/ 视觉
a sense of direction/ humour/ achievement/ belonging/ balance/ satisfaction/loss
方向感/幽默感/ 成就感/ 归属感/ 平衡感/ 满足感/ 失落感
common sense 常识 make sense 有意义；讲得通 make sense of sth. 理解某事物
4. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你能想象的，被烧伤可能导致非常严重的损伤。
1）本句中的as引导非限制性定语从句，来代替后面整个句子的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时，常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末。
as引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as is known to all众所周知
as we all know我们都知道
as we can see正如我们所看到的
as is reported正如报道的那样
as is often the case这是常有的事
as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
2）get burnt 使烧伤/烫伤
3）lead to 导致；造成
5. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.在处理烧伤是，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
1）giving first aid 为动名词短语作表语，可与主语位置互换。
2）give/ provide/ perform first aid 进行/提供/实施急救
6. a variety/ range of 各种各样的
7. Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
1）be divided into 被划分成 divide sth. into sth. 把……分成……
2）depending on the depth of skin damage为现在分词短语作状语；
depend on由……决定；取决于；依靠；依赖 （= rely on = count on）
3）the depth of skin damage 皮肤损伤的程度
8. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
1）caused by…为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词burns
2）minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 minority n. 少数；少数派；少数人
major adj. 较多的；主要的 majority n. 大半；大多数
a minority of 少数的；少量的
3）mild sunburn 轻度晒伤
9. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. 此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复。
10. turn white when pressed 受压时变白
1）turn white 变白 系表结构
2）when pressed 状语从句省略，完整形式为when they are pressed。
11. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。
1）cool running water 流动的冷水
2）the burning process 烧伤的进程
3）reduce/ ease the pain 减轻/缓解疼痛
4）reduce swelling 缓解肿胀
12. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
1）a (loose) clean cloth 干净（透气）的布
2）dry v. （使）变干；（把）弄干
3）gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的 gently adv.
13. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要, 用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服, 除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
1）if necessary 如果有必要的话 （状语从句省略）
类似表达：
if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话
2）using scissors现在分词短语作状语
3）unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if… not…
4）stick to 粘贴；坚持 to 为介词
stick (stuck, stuck) vt. 刺；戳；插入；粘贴 vi. 伸出；粘住 内棍；手杖
be/get stuck in … 被卡在/受困于……
14. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。
1）loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 loosely adv. 宽松地；松散地
loosen v. （使）变松；松开，解开；（使）松散
have a loose tongue 多嘴 let loose 喊出；放开；使随心所欲
2）cover sth. with sth. 用……覆盖…… be covered with 由……覆盖
15. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
1）as引导原因状语从句
2） Applying oil to the injured area 为动名词短语作主语；
apply … to…将……涂到…...上；将……应用/运用到……上
apply (to …) for sth. （向……）申请……
apply to sth. 适用于……
There are more than 200 applications for the job in this company. In other words, more than 200 applicants have applied for the job.
3）在keep the heat in the wounds中，in the wounds 为介词短语作宾补
16. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
1）suffer from 患……病；遭受……
2）There is an urgent need for sth.迫切需要……
There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没必要做……
in need of … 需要…...
sth. needs doing/ to be done ……需要被……
needn’t have done本没必要做……
3）urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的
① It is urgent that 主语+（should）动词原形+其他 ……是很紧迫的。
② urgency n. 紧急；紧迫的事 urgently adv. 紧急地
urge v. 催促；力劝 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
urge sb. on 鼓励某人；为某人加油 urge sb. (not) to do sth.力劝某人（不要）做某事
urge that 主语+ should + 动词原形 极力主张/强烈要求……
have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动
4）take/ send sb. to the hospital 送某人去医院
17. take steps/measures 采取措
1. first-aid techniques 急救技能
a blog post 博文；博客帖子
a hospital leaflet 医院传单
a short story 短篇小说；短故事
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
1）essential adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的 n. 【pl.】要素；要点；实质；必需品 ① It is essential that … ……是必要的/至关重要的。（that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”的形式）
② It is/ was essential (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是必要的。
③ be essential for/ to … 对……来说是重要的。
④ essence n. 【U】本质，实质，精髓 in essence 从本质上讲
⑤ essentially adv. 本质上；根本上
2. act as 起……作用；担任；担当
3. a barrier against抵御……的屏障
4. the sun’s rays 太阳的光线
(
注意：
1
）在主动语态中，
prevent
/stop
…
from doing
结构中的
from
可以省略；但在被动语态中，
from
不可省。
2
）区分：
keep
sb. doing
…
使某人一直做
……
)5. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 1）helps, prevents, warns,及warns作并列谓语
(
阻止
……
做
……
)2）prevent…(from) doing
keep … from doing
stop … (from) doing
protect sb. against/ from sth. 保护某人免受……的伤害
3）control your body temperature 控制体温
4）sense of touch 触觉 sense of smell/taste/sight 嗅觉/味觉/ 视觉
a sense of direction/ humour/ achievement/ belonging/ balance/ satisfaction/loss
方向感/幽默感/ 成就感/ 归属感/ 平衡感/ 满足感/ 失落感
common sense 常识 make sense 有意义；讲得通 make sense of sth. 理解某事物
4. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你能想象的，被烧伤可能导致非常严重的损伤。
1）本句中的as引导非限制性定语从句，来代替后面整个句子的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时，常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末。
as引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as is known to all众所周知
as we all know我们都知道
as we can see正如我们所看到的
as is reported正如报道的那样
as is often the case这是常有的事
as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
2）get burnt 使烧伤/烫伤
3）lead to 导致；造成
5. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.在处理烧伤是，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
1）giving first aid 为动名词短语作表语，可与主语位置互换。
2）give/ provide/ perform first aid 进行/提供/实施急救
6. a variety/ range of 各种各样的
7. Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
1）be divided into 被划分成 divide sth. into sth. 把……分成……
2）depending on the depth of skin damage为现在分词短语作状语；
depend on由……决定；取决于；依靠；依赖 （= rely on = count on）
3）the depth of skin damage 皮肤损伤的程度
8. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
1）caused by…为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词burns
2）minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 minority n. 少数；少数派；少数人
major adj. 较多的；主要的 majority n. 大半；大多数
a minority of 少数的；少量的
3）mild sunburn 轻度晒伤
9. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. 此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复。
10. turn white when pressed 受压时变白
1）turn white 变白 系表结构
2）when pressed 状语从句省略，完整形式为when they are pressed。
11. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。
1）cool running water 流动的冷水
2）the burning process 烧伤的进程
3）reduce/ ease the pain 减轻/缓解疼痛
4）reduce swelling 缓解肿胀
12. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
1）a (loose) clean cloth 干净（透气）的布
2）dry v. （使）变干；（把）弄干
3）gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的 gently adv.
13. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要, 用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服, 除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
1）if necessary 如果有必要的话 （状语从句省略）
类似表达：
if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话
2）using scissors现在分词短语作状语
3）unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if… not…
4）stick to 粘贴；坚持 to 为介词
stick (stuck, stuck) vt. 刺；戳；插入；粘贴 vi. 伸出；粘住 内棍；手杖
be/get stuck in … 被卡在/受困于……
14. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。
1）loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 loosely adv. 宽松地；松散地
loosen v. （使）变松；松开，解开；（使）松散
have a loose tongue 多嘴 let loose 喊出；放开；使随心所欲
2）cover sth. with sth. 用……覆盖…… be covered with 由……覆盖
15. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
1）as引导原因状语从句
2） Applying oil to the injured area 为动名词短语作主语；
apply … to…将……涂到…...上；将……应用/运用到……上
apply (to …) for sth. （向……）申请……
apply to sth. 适用于……
There are more than 200 applications for the job in this company. In other words, more than 200 applicants have applied for the job.
3）在keep the heat in the wounds中，in the wounds 为介词短语作宾补
16. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
1）suffer from 患……病；遭受……
2）There is an urgent need for sth.迫切需要……
There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没必要做……
in need of … 需要…...
sth. needs doing/ to be done ……需要被……
needn’t have done本没必要做……
3）urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的
① It is urgent that 主语+（should）动词原形+其他 ……是很紧迫的。
② urgency n. 紧急；紧迫的事 urgently adv. 紧急地
urge v. 催促；力劝 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
urge sb. on 鼓励某人；为某人加油 urge sb. (not) to do sth.力劝某人（不要）做某事
urge that 主语+ should + 动词原形 极力主张/强烈要求……
have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动
4）take/ send sb. to the hospital 送某人去医院
17. take steps/measures 采取措