2022届高考英语二轮复习:完型填空词的固定搭配知识梳理讲义(含答案)

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习:完型填空词的固定搭配知识梳理讲义(含答案)
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更新时间 2021-12-09 23:18:10

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词的固定搭配知识梳理
先请看一道完形填空真题:
例1
... My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44(outside) in the cold wind. ... Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60(sweet) taste of helping others ...
43. A. suggestion B. commen C. decision D. call
59. A. need B. love C. Fear D. memory
解析 43. B。考查的是动词make的固定搭配(make+名词)。make a suggestion意为“提出建议”, make a comment意为“作出评论”,make a decision意为“作决定”,make a call意为“打电话”。根据上下文语境,此处应选答案B。
59. A。考查的是介词in的固定搭配(in+名词)。in need意为“在贫困中,在危难中”,in love意为“相爱”,in fear意为“恐惧地”,in memory“在记忆中”。根据上下文语境,此处应选答案A。
这两道题考查的都是词组的固定搭配,
请再看以下真题:
例2 ... For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys ... Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56(great) things, which they never had 57(time) to do while working ...
43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
55. A. Need B. learn C. plan D. start
解析 这两道题答案均为C,考查的是动词词组辨析。第43题考查的是“动词+介词with”的搭配;第55题考查的是“动词+不定式”结构。
例3
I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ 37(adopt) a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 38(like me) , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs(耳塞) or blindfolds(眼罩).
36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with
解析 36. C。考查的是形容词词组辨析。curious about“对……感到好奇”;interested in“对……感兴趣”;aware of“意识到,明白”;careful with“认真,细心”。根据上下文语境可知,该小组活动的目的是让“我们”更加了解残疾人面对的问题。所以选C。
从上可看出,考查对象主要是动词、形容词、介词等的固定搭配。
那么如何对词的固定搭配进行有效的复习呢?
归类法
英语中的固定搭配极为丰富,把它们分门别类地进行复习是大有好处的。归类,是指把具有相同用法的词归纳在一起理解,以便于记忆。首先可以根据词性将固定搭配分为名词、动词、形容词、介词的固定搭配等,然后根据各类词的不同特点进行细分。
1. 名词的固定搭配
(1)介词+名词。如:
on show/display/sale/strike/duty/trial 在……中
of value/significance/use/color/age/size/height/weight/importance 具有……
to ones joy/surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight 令某人……的是
in surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight ……地
by air/bicycle/boat/bus/car// plane/train 坐……
(2)名词+介词。如:
要求接介词to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology
要求接介词in的名词: interest,satisfaction,faith
要求接介词on的名词: mercy,effect, congratulation
(3)动词+名词。如:
take advantage of 利用
do/try ones best 尽力,努力
make use of 利用
attach importance to 重视
2. 动词的固定搭配
(1)动词+名词
(2)动词+介词/副词
同一动词跟不同介词/副词构成不同意义的短语动词,以“bring +介词/副词”为例:
bring about 导致,引起
bring down 使落下,打倒;降低,减少
bring forth 产生,提出
bring forward 提出,提议;提前
bring up 教养,养育;提出
同一介词/副词跟不同动词构成不同意义的短语动词,以“动词+down”为例:
burn down 烧毁
break down 坏了,垮了,分解
put down 记下,写下,镇压
calm down 平静下来
bring down 使……降低,使倒下
(3)动词+动名词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事
3. 形容词的固定搭配(be+形容词+介词)
接at的形容词:angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,frightened,disappointed。
接of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,fond,proud,capable,worthy。
接with的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular,content,satisfied。
接in的形容词:weak,rich,interested,successful。
接to的形容词:next,polite,kind,cruel,rude,close,similar,harmful。
接for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,eager,anxious。
接from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent。
接about的形容词:worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain,serious。
对比法
通过对相似的固定搭配进行对比,我们可以看出其不同之处,就能清楚地理解并记忆了。例如:
1. used to do(过去常常做某事)/be used to doing(习惯于做某事)/be used to do sth(被用来做某事)
He used to smoke,didn't he?
他过去常常抽烟,是吗?
They are used to living in the countryside.
他们习惯于住在农村。
Computers are used to do many things for people now.
现在计算机被用来做许多事情。
2. in charge of(负责)/in the charge of(由……负责)
He is in charge of the company.
他掌管这个公司。
The company is in the charge of him.
这家公司由他掌管。
结合语境复习
很多英语词汇有多个意义,只有在语境中才能分得清。词汇学习应注意词不离句、句不离章。这样不仅有利于记忆词汇,还有利于活用词汇及句型。例如, 在复习动词+介词/ 副词这一搭配时,结合语境复习,我们可以很好地理解并记忆。举个例子来说,break down这个词组有很多意思,只有在不同的语境中,我们才能深刻记忆它的含义。
1. If a machine or a vehicle breaks down, it stops working. (机器或车辆)出故障;坏掉
2. Talks with business leaders broke down last night. (讨论、关系)失败,破裂
3. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 感情失控(痛哭起来)
4. Her health broke down under the pressure of work. (身体,健康)被搞垮;垮掉
5. These rules tell us how a sentence is broken down into phrases. (分解;将……分成若干部分)
当然,这三种方法并不是孤立的,把这三种方法结合起来复习词的固定搭配,将会取得事半功倍的效果。