中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
SectionA 2d&Grammar focus-4c导学案
【学习目标】
1.Key words & phrases:give…a lift, cream，workday，show up, bean, market, by the end of
2. Key sentences:
1）.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up.
2）. When she arrived at the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
3.To learn the grammar of ” The Past Perfect Tense”.
【学习重难点】
过去完成时的用法。
【自主预习】
词组
在……以前
闹钟
(闹钟)发出响声
一直做某事
醒来
穿上衣服
冲出门外
捎……一程
至少
上课迟到5分钟
完成句子。
1)当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
_______ I got to school, I realized that I ______ ______ my backpack at home.
2)到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。
_____ _____ _____ I got back to school, the bell ______ _______.
3)我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ____ _______ _____.
4)我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。
I ______ ______ ______ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
5)就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。
As I ______ _______ ______ ______ with the other office workers, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
【合作探究】
探究一: 完成教材2d的任务
1.读2d对话，并回答下面问题。
1).Why was Kevin late for class
2).What did he do that morning
3).Did he catch the bus
4).How did he get to school
2.Read again and write the events in the correct order.
1.My alarm clock didn’t go off.
2.I woke up.
3. 知识点：
1)My alarm clock didn't go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
go off (警报器等)突然发出巨响
go off还有“中断，失去对……的兴趣”的意思，也可表示(食物)变坏，变质，(灯)熄灭，(水，电)断掉，(质量)下降。
例： My alarm clock _________at 6: 00 every morning.
我的闹钟每天早上6: 00 响。
The siren went off suddenly and the robbers dropped their things and dashed off.
________________________________
2).So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
put on 意为“穿上；戴上”，用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴眼镜等，强调动作。put on是动副短语，强调动作，反义短语是take off。其宾语若是代词，代词要放在put与on中间。
【拓展】put on的其他用法：
1）增加（体重）；发胖2）上演；举办
例： 外面很冷，请穿上暖和的衣服。________________________________
你外出时最好是穿上它。_______________________________
【辨析】put on, dress, wear
put on强调穿的动作，宾语是物，反义词组为take off。
dress既可表动作也可表状态，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，但多接人作宾语。
wear强调穿的状态，以物为宾语，可用于进行时。
3)So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
rush out 冲出，奔出
rush用作动词，意为“冲，奔，赶紧”。常用短语rush to do sth.意为“赶紧做某事”。
rush还可用作名词，意为“匆忙，忙碌，争购”。常用短语：rush hour“高峰时间”，the Christmas rush “圣诞节前的忙碌”。
例： 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。________________________________
She's always rushing to finish first._______________________________
4)Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
luckily是副词,意思是“幸运的是”, 反义词是unluckily, 意为“不幸地”。【拓展】 (1)lucky adj.“幸运的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语, unlucky“不幸的”。(2)luck n.“运气”。 good luck表示“好运”, 用于祝福某人。bad luck表示“真糟糕,运气不好”。
例： ________________________________
那是一次严重的事故,但是所幸没有人受伤。
有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。________________________________
5)Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
give sb. a lift 是动词短语，意为 “捎某人一程”, 相当于give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb/offer sb. a ride.
类似的还有give sb. a hand 意为“给予某人帮助”，相当于help sb. 。
例： ________________________________请问你能否捎我一程？
Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday.________________________________
探究二 、语法精讲。
Past Perfect Tense现在完成时
1．过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2．过去完成时的各种句式结构
过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他．
(2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他．
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句？
3．过去完成时的判断依据
(1)当句子中出现by，by then，by that time，by the time，by the end of last month等时间状语(从句)时，通常用过去完成时。如：
She had already worked for seven hours by that time.到那时，她已经工作七个小时了。
By the time I got there，the train had left.当我到那里的时候，火车已经离开了。
(2)主句谓语动词为一般过去时(如told，said，heard，thought，knew等)，其后的宾语从句通常用过去完成时。如：
She said (that) she had never made such a silly mistake before.她说她以前从未犯过这么愚蠢的错误。
(3)在状语从句中，在过去不同的时间发生的两个动作，发生在前的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。如：
The meeting had already been on for half an hour before we got to the meeting room.在我们到会议室之前，会议已经进行半个小时了。
4．过去完成时的主要用法
(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up，it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。(“雨停”发生在“我醒来”之前)
(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book.他告诉我他写了一本新书。(“写新书”发生在“告诉”之前)
(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能脱离过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.彼得到十岁的时候已经收集了300多张中国邮票。
5．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had already left when she arrived.她到达时他们已经走了。(在她“到达”这一过去的动作之前，他们就已经“离开”了)
I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。(“看见他”这一动作是在“昨天”这一过去的时间发生的)
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the bus stop，the bus had already left.当我到达车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
【运用】按要求改写句子。
I had sold the ticket when she came.（改为否定句）
__________________________________
2. By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改为一般疑问句)
__________________________________________________
3. Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
__________________________________
4. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
__________________________________
【中考链接】
1. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives _______ a lot.
( 江西)
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
2. —Look at the blue sky! The rain ________.—Let’s go out for a walk. (江苏泰州)
A. stops B. will stop C. has stopped D. had stopped
3. My parents ________ to work by the time I ________ up. ( 四川巴中)
A. began; get B. had begun; had got C. had begun; got
探究三： 完成4a－4c的任务
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Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
人教新目标版 九年级上
SectionA 2d
Grammar Focus-4c公开课
Warming-up
What happened to the boy？
Do you ever be late for school
What happened
I overslept.
The bus was too crowded to get on.
There was an accident when I was on my way to school.
I forgot to take my schoolbag!
Free talk
I left my schoolwork in my house! I had to go back and get it !
I thought it was Saturday, but actually it was Friday!
So, don’t be late next time, or the teacher will punish you.
Look at the picture.
What can you see in the picture
Can you guess what the dialogue is about
School bus
Is someone late for school
Does someone get up late
New drills
Read 2d carefully and answer the questions.
1.Why was Kevin late for class
2.What did he do that morning
3.Did he catch the bus
4.How did he get to school
Because his alarm clock didn’t go o . He kept sleeping, and when he woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
He quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door even without brushing his teeth or washing his face.
No. Before he got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
Carl’s dad saw him, and gave him a lift in his car.
give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
go off 发出响声
1.My alarm clock didn’t go off.
2.I woke up.
3.I quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door without breakfast.
4.The bus had left.
5.I got to the bus station.
6.I started walking.
7.Carl’s dad gave me a lift.
8.I got to school and I was only five minutes late for class.
Read again and write the events in the correct order.
Matt: Why were you late for class today, Kevin
Kevin: My alarm clock didn’t go o ! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
Matt: Oh, no!
Kevin: So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast
Kevin: No, I didn’t even brush my teeth or wash my face! But before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
Matt: Then how did you get here
Kevin: Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
Matt: Well, at least by the time you got to school, you were only five minutes late for class.
Listen and repeat.
2d
（闹铃等）发出响声.
穿上
冲出；跑出
捎某人一程
1.My alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
go off (警报器等)突然发出巨响
go off还有“中断，失去对……的兴趣”的意思，也可表示(食物)变坏，变质，(灯)熄灭，(水，电)断掉，(质量)下降。
例： My alarm clock _________at 6: 00 every morning.
我的闹钟每天早上6: 00 响。
The siren went off suddenly and the robbers dropped their things and dashed off.
________________________________
goes off
突然警笛大作，盗贼丢下他们的东西撒腿便跑。
Language points
常见的“动词＋off”短语：
2.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
put on 意为“穿上；戴上”，用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴眼镜等，强调动作。put on是动副短语，强调动作，反义短语是take off。其宾语若是代词，代词要放在put与on中间。
【拓展】put on的其他用法：
1）增加（体重）；发胖2）上演；举办
例： 外面很冷，请穿上暖和的衣服。________________________________
你外出时最好是穿上它。
_______________________________
It’s cold outside. Please put on your warm clothes.
You’d better put it on when you go out.
【辨析】put on, dress, wear
put on
dress
wear
强调穿的动作，宾语是物，反义词组为take off。
既可表动作也可表状态，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，但多接人作宾语。
强调穿的状态，以物为宾语，可用于进行时。
3.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
rush out 冲出，奔出
rush用作动词，意为“冲，奔，赶紧”。常用短语rush to do sth.意为“赶紧做某事”。
rush还可用作名词，意为“匆忙，忙碌，争购”。常用短语：rush hour“高峰时间”，the Christmas rush “圣诞节前的忙碌”。
例： 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。
________________________________
She's always rushing to finish first.
_______________________________
Henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain.
她总是赶着第一个完成。
4.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
luckily是副词,意思是“幸运的是”, 反义词是unluckily, 意为“不幸地”。【拓展】 (1)lucky adj.“幸运的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语, unlucky“不幸的”。(2)luck n.“运气”。 good luck表示“好运”, 用于祝福某人。bad luck表示“真糟糕,运气不好”。
例： ________________________________
那是一次严重的事故,但是所幸没有人受伤。
有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。________________________________
It was a bad accident, but luckily, nobody got hurt.
Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number.
4.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
give sb. a lift 是动词短语，意为 “捎某人一程”, 相当于give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb/offer sb. a ride.
类似的还有give sb. a hand 意为“给予某人帮助”，相当于help sb. 。
例： ________________________________请问你能否捎我一程？
Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday.
________________________________
Could you give me a lift, please
吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我一程。
常考的有关give的短语：give sb.sth./give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
give in交上；屈服；让步give up放弃 give out分发；散发
give away泄露；暴露；赠送
by the time ...
alarm clock
go off
keep doing sth.
wake up
put on some clothes
rush out of the door
give ... a lift
at least
be five minutes late for class
在……以前
闹钟
(闹钟)发出响声
一直做某事
醒来
穿上衣服
冲出门外
捎……一程
至少
上课迟到5分钟
Summay
Role-play the conversation between Matt and Kevin.
Try not to look at your book.
Matt: Why were you late ...
Kevin: My alarm clock ...! I ....!
Matt: Oh, no!
Kevin: So I just ...
Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast
Kevin: No, I...! But ...
Matt: Then ...
Kevin: Luckily, ...
Matt: Well, at least...
Role play
根据课本内容，完成下列句子。
1)当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
_______ I got to school, I realized that I ______ ______ my backpack at home.
2)到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。
_____ _____ _____ I got back to school, the bell ______ _______.
3)我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ____ _______ _____.
When
had
left
By the time
had rung
got to
had
already left
Practice
由when, by the time, before等引导时间状语从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)表示动作发生在过去的过去。
4)我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。
I ______ ______ ______ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
5)就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。
As I ______ _______ ______ ______ with the other office workers, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
was about to
was waiting in line
heard a loud sound
be about to 打算做某事
be about to do, be doing等表示即将或正在做某事时，常用when/as引导从句表示突然发生的动作。
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
过
去
完
成
时
一般过去式
过去进行式
感悟语法
1. 过去完成时的构成：_____+___________________________
2. 过去完成时表示：
__________________________________
3. 过去完成时常与 ___________________________等引导的时间状语连用。
had
动词的过去分词形式(V-ed)
when, before, by the time, by
过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
语法归纳
Past Perfect Tense现在完成时
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
now
The bell rang.
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
By the time _______________, the bell _________.
had rung
Mary got to school.
参照点
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
Mary got to school.
图解语法
now
The teacher started teaching in the classroom.
8:20 AM
8:22 AM
When _________________________, ___________________________________________.
the teacher had started teaching in the classroom.
She got into the classroom.
She got into the classroom.
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
参照点
now
The bus left.
5:20 PM
5:21 AM
Before _______________________________, ___________________________________________.
the bus had already left.
She arrived at the bus stop.
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
参照点
She arrived at the bus stop.
过去完成时的具体用法:
(1)表示一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成，即发生在“过去的过去”。这个过去的时间可以用by, before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示。
例：我醒来时，雨已经停了。
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
(2)表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。常用表延续的时间状语如by the end of+过去的时间点， by the time +从句等。
例：到去年年底，她已经在这家工厂工作20年了。
By the end of last year, she had worked in the factory for twenty years.
过去完成时的判断依据:
(1)由时间状语来判定：① by+过去的时间点（从句用by+时间点,主句用现在完成时。）
例：到昨天9点钟时，她已经读完了这本书。
She had finished reading the book by 9 o’clock yesterday.
② by the end of+过去的时间点 “到……结束时”（+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时）
例：到上个月月底，我们已经完成了所有工作。
We had completed all the work by the end of last month.
注意：by the end of+将来的时间点， 主句用将来完成时；
By the end of next month, I will have finished my new book.
到下个月结束时我将要完成我的新书。
③ by the time “到……时候(为止)”，是一个介词短语，在句中常起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去式，那么主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。
例：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
你回来时我已经把这本书看完了。
注意：如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时或现在完成时，那么从句中的谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示“截止到将来的某一时刻为止，主句动作将已完成。”
By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for five years. 到明年毕业时，我将已经在这待了五年了。
①含有宾语从句的复合句中：当主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。如在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
例：她说她以前已看过这部电影了。
She said that she had seen the film before.
(2)由“过去的过去”来判定
②含有状语从句的复合句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
例: 我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
③表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，但未能……”。
例：我们本希望你能来，但你没来。
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn’t.
过去完成时及句型转换口诀：
过去的过去之动作，用过去完成时来掌舵。
构成“had＋过去分词”结构，切记had是助动词。没错，had 后加not 即否定，had提句首有把握，
过去分词稳住不用变，上述内容记清好处多。
【运用】按要求改写句子。
I had sold the ticket when she came.（改为否定句）
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2. By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改为一般疑问句)
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3. Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
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4. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
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I had not sold the ticket when she came.
Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport
Why didn’t Jack go to the cinema
After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up.
【中考链接】
1. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives _______ a lot.
( 江西)
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
2. —Look at the blue sky! The rain ________.
—Let’s go out for a walk. (江苏泰州)
A. stops B. will stop
C. has stopped D. had stopped
3. My parents ________ to work by the time I ________ up.
( 四川巴中)
A. began; get B. had begun; had got C. had begun; got
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶油) in the coffee.
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
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Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日) ended.
__________________________________
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5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
_________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie (n. 果馅派). I got home from my language course.
__________________________________
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I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
The movie had started, before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
4b
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into,
show up (赶到；露面), find out
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _____ already __________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ____________ to add the green beans (n. 豆).
3. By the time my mother came back from the market (n. 市场), I ____ already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
showed up
had
had forgotten
had
rushed out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _________ ___ about the earthquake.
5. When she _________ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he ____________ the building.
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into,
show up (赶到；露面), find out
had found
out
arrived at
had gone into
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
4c
1. By the time I left for school in the morning, __________________________________
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2. By the end of the school day, _____________________________
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3. By dinner time, I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I had already had breakfast.
I had already had supper.
I had already had my hair cut.
I have got a present from Tom.
I had had these articles read.
I had finished my homework.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
have had all the housework finished.
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