2022届高考英语复习专题教案Reading Comprehension—Guessing Meanings of Words课件（25张ppt)

(共25张PPT)
Guessing meanings of words
Reading Comprehension--
New English Curriculum Standards For Guessing Meanings of Words
新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
阅读文章时，对未见过的词，可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。
题干含mean, best explain, replace, refer to等
四个词语
词义猜
测 题
考情
通常考一道, 有时考两道
三种类型
推断单词的含义
推断短语的含义
推断句子的含义
考情分析
　Year　　　 2021 　Year　　　 2020 2019
全国甲卷 C篇9题 （语气词safe的含义） 全国卷Ⅰ B篇26题 （单词currency的含义） B篇25题
(单词stumbles的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ C篇30题；D篇33题 （单词currency；短语an added meaning） A篇21题；B篇25题
(代词I的含义；短语tug at the heartstrings的含义)
全国乙卷 B篇25题 (单词concede的含义)
全国卷Ⅲ B篇26题 （短语keeping tabs on的含义） B篇26题
(短语taking on的含义)
词句猜测题常见命题方式：
1.The underlined word...in the...paragraph refers to/means “ ”.
2.By saying...in the first paragraph，the author means that .
3.The meaning of...in Paragraph...is related to .
4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(Paragraph...)
5.The underlined sentence...in the...paragraph probably means that .
6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？
考向
猜测单词的含义
逻辑关系
举例法
重述
定义或解释说明
对比关系
猜 词 技 巧
同义词、近义词
生活经验, 生活常识,逻辑推理
构词法
技法点拨
consider
consideration
considerate
派生
break+through
breakthrough
合成
It's warm.
Put on a coat to warm himself.
(词性)转换
方法1.构词法
【2019年全国卷I. C篇片段】
The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.
点拨: ①commercial adj. “商业的”
+ -ize (动词后缀)
→v. commercialize “商业化”
② inexpensive “(价格)不贵的”
”
[典例]　(2018·北京卷 ) ... Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride hailing services, considering the cost of self driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues . But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
49．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A Employed B Replaced C Shared D Reduced.
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)
利用构词法（词性转换）---猜测词意
方法1.Exercise
方法2.
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
large
同义词/近义词（上下文语境）
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义
同义词、近义词 信号词:and, or, like , as…as, the same as
方法2.Exercises
[典例] 1 By translating the rich and humorous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BS, Definitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
同义词/近义词（上下文语境）
translating
方法3.
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
disagree
利用对比关系，反义词猜测词意(上下文)
有时作者会用表示对比或者转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或者句子，这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。
对比关系
信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等
利用对比关系，反义词猜测词意(上下文)
方法3. Exercises
◎ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
◎John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing.
无辜的
污秽的
节约的
方法4.
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day.
large
因果
利用逻辑关系猜测词意(因果，转折、并列、递进、解释关系)
因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
转折关系 信号词:but, however, while…
利用逻辑关系猜测词意(因果，转折，解释)
方法4. Exercises
◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.
◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
◎The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的）.
精明的
修剪
混浊的
方法5．
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
家用电器
利用例证猜测词意
举例法
信号词: such, such as, like, for example, for instance, especially, include, consist of
方法5．Exercise
[典例]　 In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2
A．Complex B．Advanced C．Powerful D．Modern
划线生词
信号词
结合信号词推测词义（上下文语境）
利用例证猜测词意( such as, like,for example...)
方法6.
The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age, and that is to say ,it is a sign of time ...
symbol
利用同等关系（重述）猜测词意
重述
信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way…;be more exact
[典例]　If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph
A．A dessert　　B．A drink C．A container D．A machine
划线生词
同等关系信号词
关键词（上下文）推测词意
利用同等关系猜测词意( that is, or,that is to say...)
方法6.
利用定义和解释说明
定义或解释说明
●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as, the same as, like, as...as…, to be，refer to ；破折号
◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.
木匠
动物学家
牧人
夜班
方法8.
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
利用 生活常识和文化背景
麻醉药物
逻辑关系
举例法
重述
定义或解释说明
对比关系
猜 词 技 巧
同义词、近义词
生活经验, 生活常识,逻辑推理
构词法
技法点拨
More Practice
More progress
Remember