中考专区>二轮专题>语法专题版>词类语法>动词>非谓语动词>动词不定式

(共21张PPT)
动词不定式
动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好吆！
肯定式：to + 动词原形
否定式：not to + 动词原形
(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)
(一) 基本形式
　
on the way to school on the way to see a film
I want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32.
Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please
They began to read and write.
He is used to getting up early.
你知道 是不定式还是介词
to
不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。
介词to: to+名词/代词/动名词
不定式to: to+动词原形
（二）动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1、不定式作主语
To see is to believe.(眼见为实）
To learn English well is important.
=It’s important to learn English well.
口语中，常用作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。
to+动词原形
常用句型
1. It take sb. some time to do sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to write the letter.
2. It is + adj. + ( for/of sb. )+ to do sth.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。
e.g. It’s not hard for one to do a bit of good.
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。
e.g. It’s kind of you to help me.
It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
2、不定式作宾语
Vt.(及物动词）+ to do sth.
(2) 动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。(think, feel)
I found it difficult to learn physics.
I want to buy a computer.
She hopes to find a better job.
I wish to go with you.
need to do learn to do agree to do
plan to do decide to do refuse to do
begin to do start to do try to do
forget to do remember to do like to do
stop to do go on to do
3. 用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )
She asked me to help her.
The teacher told him to come on time.
want sb to do wish sb to do
get sb to do order sb to do
find sb to be like sb to do
would like sb to do help sb to do
常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”
Please listen to me sing this song again.
You must watch me carefully do everything.
动词help之后的不定式既可省to也可不省to。
He often helps (to) clean the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.
注意：感官动词、使役动词后不定式省to，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to。
They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the next room.
3.不定式作表语
It seems to be an interesting book.
Her dream is to be a policeman.
4.不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语。
I want to get something to read during the holiday.
We have a lot work to do .
She is the first person to think of the idea.
There’s nothing for us to worry about.
动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
5、不定式作状语
She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）
She is too young to go to school.（结果）
He runs fast enough to catch a horse.
We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.
（四）学习动词不定式注意
1、疑问词 + 不定式 结构
“疑问词 + 不定式”构成不定式短语在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用来简化从句。
How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I really don’t know what to write about.(=what I should write about)
I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well)
2、不定式的否定
不定式的否定是在不定式之前加上not.
He asked me not to make any noise.
Tell him not to play on the street.
不可不记
3、不定式的被动式
当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
This is a day never to be forgotten.
Exercises:
1. -- You’ve done very well this time.
-- It’s really kind ________.
A. for you to say so B. for you saying so
C. of you to say so D. of you saying so
2. It is better to lose one’s life than _______.
A. if you lose your spirit
B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit
D. your spirit getting lost
C
C
3. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know ________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose
C. what to choose D. to choose which
4. The bag is too heavy for me _______.
A. to carry it B. not to carry it
C. to carry D. not to carry
5. The teacher will teach him _______.
A. to use B. use it
C. how to use it D. uses
B
C
C
动名词
构成
常用用法
其他用法
1.作主语
Watching TV is very interesting.
Working on the farm has a lot of fun.
不定式作主语
2. 作表语
His job is ________________. (teach English)
His job today is to watching flowers in the garden.
teaching English
3.作宾语
Would you mind turning down the music
mind can’t help doing sth.
finish be used to doing sth.
enjoy look forward to doing sth.
keep be good at doing sth.
have fun doing sth.
be proud of doing sth
其他用法
简短的揭示语
No smoking.
No parking.
No drinking.
No littering.
2. 常用句式
1. have some trouble (in) doing sth.
There is no need waiting.
3. There be +n. +doing sth
There is a truck collecting rubbish.
分词
现在分词
过去分词
分类
用法
Sth +be exciting/ interesting/ boring…
Sb +be excited/ interested/ bored
have sth done(过去分词）
I have my hair cut.