(共33张PPT)
Unit 3 Computers
Period 1 Warming Up & Reading
文本研读课
Ⅰ. 写出下列黑体单词或词组在句中的含义
1. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.
( )
2. After I was programmed by an operator(操作员)who
used cards with holes, I could “think” logically.
( )
简化
合逻辑地
3. At that time it was considered a technological
revolution. ( )
4. At that time it was considered the start of my
“artificial intelligence”. ( )
5. However, this reality also worried my designers.
( )
6. As a result I totally changed my shape. ( )
科技革命
人工智能
现实
完全地
7. Since the 1970s many new applications have been
found for me. ( )
8. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to
explore the Moon and Mars. ( )
应用; 用途
探索
Ⅱ. 补全下列短语
1. in ________ 有共同之处
2. work ___ 设计出; 计算出; 锻炼
3. compare. . . ____. . . 把……与……相比
4. work __ 担当; 充当
5. from then ___ 从那时起
6. go ___ (时间)逝去, 消逝; 经过
common
out
with
as
on
by
7. as __ result 结果
8. __. . . that. . . 如此……以至于……
9. ___ oneself 单独地, 独自地
10. share. . . ____. . . 与……分享……
11. provide sb. ____ sth. 给某人提供某物
12. be _____ with. . . 充满……
a
so
by
with
with
filled
Ⅲ. 阅读导引
1. 查阅有关电脑发展的材料, 了解电脑发展的历史及其最新动态。
2. 找出描述当今电脑应用于各个领域的句子。
3. 找出课文中含有的现在完成时的被动语态的句子。
Step 1 Pre-reading
1. Look at the following pictures, discuss them in pairs
and name them. What are they
2. Try to give the Chinese meaning of the following
terms about the computers and the Internet.
①web fans _____ ②netizen _____
③software _____ ④hacker _____
⑤blog _____ ⑥homepage _____
⑦Internet bar _____ ⑧host computer _____
⑨desktop _____ ⑩WeChat _____
网迷
网民
软件
黑客
博客
主页
网吧
主机
桌面
微信
Step 2 While reading
Ⅰ. Skim the passage and do the following tasks.
Match the main ideas with the paragraphs.
Para. 1 A. These changes only became possible as my memory improved.
Para. 2 B. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
Para. 3 C. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
答案: Para. 1—C Para. 2—A Para. 3—B
Ⅱ. Read the text carefully and finish the following tasks.
1. When did the computer come into being
A. In 1640. B. In 1642.
C. In 1822. D. In 1936.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Charles Babbage built an analytical machine in 1642.
B. Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem in 1936.
C. The computers were first connected by a network in the late 1960s.
D. Since the 1960s the computer has been used to help with medical operations.
3. How do the computers serve the human race
A. By sharing the pictures with the other computers.
B. By talking to humans just as what they do.
C. By helping people deal with information by the Internet.
D. All of the above.
4. According to the text, the computer has grown smaller mainly because ________.
A. it uses good material
B. it was too large in the past
C. its memory has improved a lot
D. there is less room on the earth
5. What can we infer from the text
A. The computer can take the place of human beings.
B. The smaller a computer is, the faster it calculates.
C. Computers can solve all the problems of human beings.
D. People can benefit more from computers in the future.
答案: 1～5. BBCCD
Ⅲ. Fill in the form according to the text.
1642 The computer began as a 1. __________
machine.
1822 The 2. _________ machine was built by Charles Babbage and it was the start of
3. ________ intelligence.
1936 Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how
the computer could be made to work as a
4. ________ machine.
calculating
analytical
artificial
universal
1940s Because information can be stored in tubes,
or on 5. __________ and later on very small
6. _____, computers became smaller.
1960s The first family of computers was
7. _________ to each other by a 8. ________.
1970s Computers were used in offices and 9. ______.
now Computers 10. _______ people all over the world together.
transistors
chips
connected
network
homes
connect
Ⅳ. Sentence explanations.
1. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.
分析:
句意: 在1936年, 我真正的父亲, 艾伦·图灵写了一本书,
_______________________________________________
_______。
讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数
学难题
2. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself,
until in the early 1960s they gave me a family
connected by a network.
分析: (1)本句中_____________________为v. -ing形式
作伴随状语。
standing there by myself
(2)connected by a network为过去分词短语作后置定
语, 相当于一个定语从句_______________________
________。
(3)in the early 1960s意为“_________________”。
句意: 但是, 我总是孤孤单单地站在那里, ___________
__________________________________________。
which was connected by a
network
在20世纪60年代初
直到20世纪
60年代初, 他们才给了我一个用网络连接的家庭
3. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of
high quality.
分析: 本句中anyhow是副词, 意为“________________
___”; 不定式短语________________________________
_______在句中作表语。
句意: ________________________________________
_____
无论如何, 即使如
to provide humans with a life of high
quality
无论如何, 我的目标是给人类提供高品质的生
活。
此
Step 3 Post-reading
Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the
text.
In 1642, I began as a 1. __________ machine, which
could 2. _______ difficult sums. About two hundred
years later I was built as an 3. _________ machine.
calculating
simplify
analytical
Then in 1936 I was made to work as a “4. ________
machine” to 5. _____ any difficult mathematical
problem. As time 6. _____ ___, I was made smaller
because my memory improved with the development
of the new 7. __________. Nowadays I have been put
into space rockets and sent to 8. _______ the Moon and
universal
solve
went
by
technology
explore
Mars. Anyhow, my 9. ____ is to provide 10. _______
with a life of high quality.
goal
humans
【主题情景思考】
Discuss in groups the advantages and disadvantages of the computer.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
【参考答案】
Advantages
communicate with friends/listen to music/watch films and news/play games/do shopping/save a lot of time/do a lot of useful things
Disadvantages
Some people especially the teenagers are addicted to the computer games and chatting on the Internet. As a result, they have little time to study. Besides, some people use the computer wrongly.(共103张PPT)
Unit 3 Computers
Period 4 Using Language 要点讲解课
Ⅰ. 根据语境及首字母写出单词
1. A red light is usually a s_____ of danger.
2. The new t____ of bus will come into service next
month.
3. You’d better use the e________ calculator to get the
total number.
ignal
ype
lectronic
4. My computer doesn’t work. It must have suffered
from the computer v____ .
5. He is extremely careful about his a_________.
6. Courage, like c________ , can be developed
gradually.
7. Someone who trains a person or a team in sport is
a c_____ .
irus
ppearance
haracter
oach
8. Sometimes mental problems can a____ from
physical cause.
rise
Ⅱ. 选择恰当的短语并用其适当形式填空
in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over,
make up, after all
The famous professor wrote a book ___________the
Middle East.
2. ______________the computer, our English class
will become more and more interesting.
dealing with
With the help of
3. The mother asked her child to ________a short
story according to the pictures.
4. Don’t lose heart. ________, you have tried your
best.
5. Will you __________my clothes while I have a
swim
make up
After all
watch over
6. I agree with you, although ________your opinion is
totally different from mine.
in a way
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1. What does the writer like playing
A. Basketball. B. Football.
C. Volleyball. D. Tennis.
2. What can the writer be
A. A robot player. B. A coach.
C. A girl player. D. A boy student.
3. Why can the writer move and think like a human
A. His teacher helps him to move and think like a human.
B. A striker helps him to move and think like a human.
C. His friends help him to move and think like a human.
D. His computer chips help him to move and think like a human.
4. Where did the writer’s first football competition happen
A. In Japan. B. In Seattle.
C. In Washington. D. In the United States.
5. What does the writer hope to do
A. He hopes to travel like a human.
B. He hopes to play against a national team.
C. He hopes to play against a human team.
D. He hopes to play against a robot team.
答案: 1～5. BADAC
1. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出现, 发生
在括号中写出黑体部分的含义。
①You’d better keep calm when problems arise.
( )
②How did the quarrel arise ( )
出现
发生
③This traffic accident arose from his drunken
driving. ( )
由……引起/产生
【易混辨析】
易混词 词性 过去式、
过去分词 词义
rise vi. rose, risen 上升; 增加; 上涨(常用于日、月、物价、河水等的上升、提高)
raise vt. raised, raised 举起; 提高; 提出; 饲养; 筹集
易混词 词性 过去式、
过去分词 词义
arise vi. arose, arisen 产生; 发生; 出现(通常用problem, quarrel等抽象名词作主语)
【巧学助记】 rise, raise, arise巧辨析
【活学活用】
选词填空(arise/rise/raise)。
①The housing prices keep _____ in spite of the
government’s regulations.
②She ______ her finger to her lips as a sign for
silence.
rising
raised
③We should always keep in mind that problems _____
from the lack of communication.
④New difficulties will _____ _____ such a situation.
这种情况将会产生新的难题。
arise
arise
from
2. type n. 类型; vt. &vi. 打字
【观察领悟】
※They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.
在竞赛之前, 他们已经研发了一种新型程序。
※Can you help me type the letter
你能帮我打印这封信吗
※An orange is a kind of fruit. 橙子是一种水果。
※What sort of music do you like 你喜欢哪种音乐
【易混辨析】
①____ 比较具体, 主要指类型、型号和样式
②____ 指种类, 同一种类的东西可以有多种型号、样式
③____ 指种类基本相似的东西, 表达意思较含糊且有时含有轻蔑的意味
type
kind
sort
【名师指津】两点类型明type
(1)a type of 一种类型的……, 后接单数名词, 且单数名词前不加冠词。
(2)types of后接的名词既可以是单数, 也可以是复数, 但作主语时, 谓语动词只有复数形式。
【知识延伸】
typewriter n. 打字机
typist n. 打字员
typical adj. 典型的, 一贯的
【活学活用】用type的适当形式填空。
①She worked as a _____ in the company.
②This painting is ______ of his early work.
③He wanted the paper to ___ _____ at once.
④I’m unfamiliar with ____ ____ __ _________.
我不熟悉这种类型的计算机。
typist
typical
be
typed
this
type
of
computer
3. electronic adj. 电子的
【观察领悟】
※There is a lot of electronic equipment in my school.
我的学校有许多电子设备。
※The machines are driven by electric motors.
这些机器都是由电动机驱动的。
※My father is an electrical engineer. 我父亲是一位电气工程师。
【易混辨析】
①_________ 指与电子装置有关的或使用电子装置的
②_______ 指和电有着直接的联系, 通常使用或产生电力的
③________ 常指与电有关的
electronic
electric
electrical
【活学活用】
选词填空(electronic/electric/electrical)。
①The young man is majoring in ________
engineering in a college now.
②Now she is changing an old _______ lamp in her
room.
electrical
electric
③More and more _________ products are popular
among people now.
④The machine broke down after developing an
________ fault.
electronic
electrical
⑤Many youngsters in China are attracted by smart
phones and other electronic products.
译: __________________________________________
_________
在中国, 许多年轻人被智能手机和其他电子产品
所吸引。
4. signal vi. &vt. 发信号; n. 信号
【观察领悟】
※The policeman was signalling to the driver to stop, but he didn’t notice.
警察在向那位司机打手势让他停下来, 但他并没有注意到。
※The general signalled to the officers for the attack to begin.
将军向军官们发出开始进攻的信号。
※He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop.
他抬起手臂示意我们停下。
【自我归纳】
①___________ 向某人发出信号
②___________________ 向某人发出做……的信
号; 示意某人做某事
③___________________ 用信号向某人传达(某
信息)
signal to sb.
signal (to) sb. to do. . .
signal (to) sb. for sth.
【活学活用】
①You can also use it __ ______ __ any group.
您也可以使用它向任何组发出信号。
②We waited for them to give us ___ ______ __ _____.
我们等着他们给我们发出行动的信号。
③The driver ________ ___ __ _____ ___ _____.
司机示意她过马路。
to
signal
the
signal
to
move
signalled
her
to
cross
the
road
to
④The old man ________ ___ ___ __ ____ by raising
his hand.
那位老人举手示意车停下。
signalled
the
car
to
stop
5. watch over 看守, 监视
【观察领悟】
※The soldiers were keeping close watch over the enemies.
士兵们严密监视着敌人的行动。
※Do not be afraid; God will watch over us.
别害怕; 上帝会守护我们的。(watch over还有“_____,
_____”的意思)
守护
照管
【知识延伸】
watch out (for) 当心, 提防
watch for sb. /sth. 观察等待(某人出现或发生某事)
keep a watch on 监视
on/off watch 在/不在值班
【活学活用】
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①Watch out ___ the cars while crossing the streets.
②Watch ___! There is a car coming.
③It’s her duty to ______ ____ these old men.
照顾这些老人是她的责任。
for
out
watch
over
④The police _____ _____ _______ __ _____ ______
___ the suspects’ movements.
警方一直严密监视着可疑分子的活动。
have
been
keeping
a
close
watch
on
6. in a way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
翻译句子, 体会in a way的用法。
①In a way our programmer is like our coach.
____________________________________________
_____
②These changes are important in a way.
__________________________________
从某种程度上讲, 我们的程序员就好像是我们的教
练。
从某种意义上说, 这些变化是重要的。
【知识延伸】
in the/one’s way 阻碍, 挡道
in this/that way 用这种/那种方式
in no way 决不
on the way 在途中; 即将来临
by the way 顺便说一下
all the way 一路上, 自始至终
【活学活用】
①In the past ten years, the use of social media has
grown __ __ ____ that no one could have guessed.
在过去的十年间, 社交媒体以我们都意想不到的方式
发展。
in
a
way
②__ ___ ____ _____ we believe her. She is always
lying.
我们决不相信她说的话, 她总是说谎。
③___ ___ ____, will you be free this weekend
顺便问一下, 这个周末你有空吗
④Your composition is well written in the way. (改错)
( )
In
no
way
shall
By
the
way
the→a
7. make up 编造, 捏造
【观察领悟】
※Their father is good at making up bedtime stories.
他们的父亲擅长编些睡前故事给他们听。
※Peasants make up over 80 percent of the Chinese population.
农民占中国人口的百分之八十以上。
※Generally speaking, girls like making themselves up.
一般说来, 女孩喜欢打扮。
※Mary and Jane quarrelled, but made up after a while.
玛丽和简吵架了, 但是一会儿就和好了。
【自我归纳】
make up除“编造, 捏造”外, 还有“_____, _____, _____”
等意思。
组成
打扮
和好
【活学活用】
①The student _____ ___ ___ ______ (编造了一个借
口)for his being late.
②We need one more player to _____ ___(组成) our
school team.
③A basketball team __ _____ ___ __(由……组成)
five players.
made
up
an
excuse
make
up
is
made
up
of
④She spent two hours making herself up before the
party.
译: _____________________________
她在聚会前花了两个小时化妆。
8. after all 毕竟, 终究, 尽管, 到底
品读例句, 在括号中写出all短语的含义。
①(2018·天津高考)Bob thought he couldn’t go to the
party because he had to write a report, but he went
after all. ( )
②As a matter of fact, I didn’t know about the city at
all. ( )
毕竟、终究
根本
③First of all, let me tell you the truth. ( )
④Above all, children should learn how to observe
good manners at table. ( )
首先
最重要的是, 尤其是
【活学活用】
用all的相关短语填空。
①They met with many difficulties, but they
succeeded _______.
②We will study Unit Two today. _________, let’s
have a dictation.
after all
First of all
③We must work, and ________we must believe in
ourselves.
④Don’t be worried about his safety. ________, he is
an eighteen-year-old man.
above all
After all
9. deal with 处理, 安排, 对付
【观察领悟】
※(2018·北京高考) Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
普通香皂, 使用正确的话, 可以有效抵抗细菌。
※We have dealt with the company for 10 years.
我们已经与这家公司打交道10年了。
※He is a person difficult to deal with. 他是一个难以对付的人。
※This book deals with problems of pollution.
这本书涉及污染问题。
【自我归纳】
deal with除“处理, 安排, 对付”外, 还有“___________
___; _____”的意思。
与……打交
道
涉及
【易混辨析】
deal with 侧重于解决问题, 强调解决或处理问题的方法和方式, 常与how连用
do with 侧重于“处置, 利用”之意, 还有“将就着”等之意, 常与what连用
【活学活用】
选词填空(deal with/do with)。
①We don’t know what to _______these old
machines.
②I don’t know how to ________ my spare time.
do with
deal with
③Her work experience equipped her __ ____ ____ all
kinds of people.
她的工作经验使她能与各种各样的人打交道。
④Deal with a man as he deals with you.
译: __________________________
to
deal
with
以其人之道, 还治其人之身。
10. Whenever she comes, I have to look after her, and sometimes help her with her homework.
无论她什么时候来我都不得不照顾她, 有时候帮助她做家庭作业。
【句型剖析】
whenever在句中用作连词, 意为“无论何时”, 引
导让步状语从句时相当于no matter when。
You can ask for help _______________________ you
need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
whenever/no matter when
【知识延伸】
(1)wherever意为“无论何地”, 引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter where。
※Wherever you are, I will miss you.
=No matter where you are, I will miss you.
无论你在哪里, 我都会想念你的。
(2)whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可以引导让步状语从句, 也可以引导名词性从句。
※Whatever others say, I won’t give it up. (让步状语从句)
=No matter what others say, I won’t give it up.
无论别人说什么, 我都不会放弃。
※I don’t agree to let children do whatever they like. (名词性从句)
我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。
【活学活用】
①_________/___ ______ _____ you’re on the road
you should be paying full attention and not doing
anything at all on a phone.
无论何时, 只要你在马路上, 都应该集中全部注意力,
而不要用手机做任何事。
Whenever
No
matter
when
②As far as I’m concerned, he can ___ ________ ___
____.
就我而言, 他可以喜欢什么就做什么。
③_________/___ ______ ______ you go, keep in
touch with me, please.
无论你去哪里, 请与我保持联络。
do
whatever
he
likes
Wherever
No
matter
where
④__________/___ ______ ______ you choose, I will be
satisfied.
不论你选择哪一个, 我都满意。
Whichever No
matter
which
【备选要点】
She programs us with all the possible moves she has
seen while watching human games.
她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。
【句型剖析】
(1)句中while watching. . . = __________________. . .
(2)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as,
until, once, whether, unless等引导的从句中, 如果主
从句的主语一致或主语为it, 并且从句中含有be动词
时, 可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
while she is watching
①Wood gives much smoke while _______.
木头燃烧时, 冒出很多烟。
②When __ _______, I always turn to her for help.
我有困难时总是求助于她。
③__ _______, I would like to watch the movie Fast &
Furious 7 tonight.
如果可能, 今晚我想去看电影《速度与激情7》。
burning
in
trouble
If
possible
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
①If _______(paint)green, the door might look more
beautiful.
②While ________(shop)in the supermarket, I met an
old friend of mine.
painted
shopping
③When _____(do) your homework, you must be
more careful and don’t always make the same
mistakes.
④I’d like to devote my flesh and blood to the country
__ _________.
如果需要, 我愿意把我的血肉之躯献给祖国。
doing
if
necessary
【共享课堂】
Ⅰ. 词汇串记
Now the appearance of computers has changed
greatly with the help of electronic chips. However,
computers and androids are easily attacked by viruses
and bad characters. It has become a hard-to-deal
with problem. In a way, computers are dangerous. But don’t worry, our scientists and coaches are trying to find a way to solve the problem. After all, we need many robots to mop our floors and watch over our naughty nieces. It’s also a signal for an improvement of human race.
Ⅱ. 句式背诵
1. Personally, I think our team will win the first prize.
就我个人而言, 我认为我们队会获得一等奖。
2. In a way, I agree with you.
从某种程度上来说, 我赞成你的观点。
3. If possible, leave your windows open at least part of each day to let fresh air in.
如果可能, 每天把窗户开一会儿让新鲜空气进来。
4. Whenever I hear the moving story, I cannot help crying.
每次听这个感人的故事, 我就忍不住哭。
5. Using a mobile phone while cycling is to be banned in the Netherlands .
荷兰禁止骑车时用手机。
如何写一篇有关机器人的想象作文
【典例演示】
社会发展到了2080年, 照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有:
1. 可以在固定的时间做饭, 做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。
2. ……
3. ……
请你根据以上内容写一份发言稿, 在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。
注意: 100个词左右。
Step 1 审题谋篇
体 裁 发言稿 话 题 介绍家用机器人
时 态 一般现在时 人 称 第三人称
段落
布局 开头: 点明主题——照顾老年人的机器人
主体: 机器人的主要功能
结尾: 总结
Step 2 遣词造句
一、核心要点
1. 他们没有时间照顾家里的老年人, 这成了一个突出的社会问题。
①有足够的时间做某事 ________________________
②照顾老年人 _________________________
③一个突出的社会问题
________________________
have enough time to do sth.
take care of/attend to the old
a prominent social problem
④用which引导的非限制性定语从句翻译此句:
____________________________________________
___________________________________________
________
They don’t have enough time to attend to the old in
their family, which has become a prominent social
problem.
2. 为了解决这个问题, 我们公司推出了家用机器人, 专
门设计用于照顾老年人。
①为了解决这个问题 __________________
②推出了家用机器人 ________________________
③被设计用于做某事 ___________________
to solve this problem
put out the household robot
be designed to do sth.
④根据示例中结构仿写此句:
示例: To make their crops grow more quickly, many farmers fertilize them. (用to do不定式作目的状语)
仿写: ______________________________________
____________________________________________
____________
To solve this problem, our company put out
the household robot, which is designed to take care
of old people.
3. 机器人可以在固定的时间做饭, 做饭时间可以根据
个人需要进行调整。
①在固定的时间 _____________
②根据个人需要 __________________________
③用高级句式完成句子: (定语从句)
It can cook meals at a fixed time ____________
_________________________________.
at a fixed time
according to individual needs
which can be
adjusted according to individual needs
二、拓展要点
1. 它也可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。
①陪伴老人 ___________________
②聊天 __________
③下象棋 _________
④做运动 __________
accompany old people
have a chat
play chess
do exercise
⑤翻译此句: _______________________________
__________________________________________
It can also accompany old people in
having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise.
2. 另外, 它能够处理突发事件。
①另外 _________
②处理, 对付 _______________
③翻译此句: __________________________________
moreover
deal with/do with
Moreover, it can deal with emergencies.
3. 例如在老人突然病倒时机器人会拨打呼救电话等。
①例如 ___________
②生病 _____
③用if引导的条件状语从句翻译此句:
__________________________________________
___________________________
for example
fall ill
For example, if an old man falls ill suddenly, the
robot will call doctors for help.
Step 3 润色组篇
(注意使用关联词: as, with, according to, moreover,
for example等)
Ladies and gentlemen,
Thank you for attending our company’s news
conference. As you know, with the development of
economy, people have to face various pressure. They
don’t have enough time to attend to the old in their
family, which has become a prominent social
problem. To solve this problem, our company put out
the household robot, which is designed to take care
of old people. It can cook meals at a fixed time which
can be adjusted according to individual needs. It can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill suddenly, the robot will call doctors for help.
It would be a great help for you if you own such a robot.
Thank you.
【策略点拨】
Ⅰ. 写作策略
1. 明确题目要求。想象类作文在写其功能时, 要注意充分合理地想象, 不能脱离现实。
2. 确定时态。该体裁常用一般现在时或一般将来时, 但如果介绍的是过去的经历, 则要用一般过去时。
3. 结构上可采用总——分——总的结构。开头整体介绍, 中间具体介绍, 最后进行总结。
Ⅱ. 常用句式
1. My robot’s name is Superman.
我的机器人的名字是超人。
2. It is beneficial to the world.
它对这个世界是有好处的。
3. Can robots take the place of human beings
机器人能够代替人类吗
4. Some robots may have some bad effects on our life.
一些机器人可能对我们的生活有些坏的影响。
5. It can do many things like helping us study, go shopping, do some housework and so on.
它能做许多事情, 如帮助我们学习、购物、做家务等。
6. It can be used to work in a factory.
它能够被用来在工厂工作。(共24张PPT)
Unit 3 Computers
Period 3
Learning about Language 语法专题课
现在完成时的被动语态
【课前热身】
体会下列教材中的句子并说出各句中谓语的共同特点。
①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
②First as a PC (personal computer)and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.
③Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
④I have also been put into robots and used to make
mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.
结论: 以上句中黑体部分的时态为_________时, 黑体
部分谓语动词与主语之间为_____关系。
现在完成
被动
【课堂诠释】
1. 现在完成时的被动语态的基本用法。
(1)基本构成
肯定式 主语+have/has been done. . .
否定式 主语+have/has not been done. . .
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done. . .
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done. . .
按要求完成下列题目。
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
___________________________________________
The children haven’t been told the good news yet.
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
_________________________________________
③将上面的句子对The children进行提问。
_________________________________
Have the children been told the good news yet
Who has been told the good news yet
(2)基本用法: a. 表示动作发生在说话之前, 强调对现在造成的影响和结果; b. 表示动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在或将来, 常与介词for或since引导的时间状语连用。
①Since the International Tennis Hall of Fame opened
in 1954, 254 people from 23 countries _____ _____
________.
国际网球名人堂从1954年开始评选以来, 已有来自23
个国家的254名选手被纳入。
have
been
included
②(2018·北京高考)Much of the debate so far ___
_____ _______ on the safety of driverless cars.
很多争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上。
has
been
focused
【名师指津】与现在完成时连用的时间状语知多少
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: already(已经), yet(已经), recently/lately(最近), since then(从那以来), so far(到目前为止), in the past/last years(在过去的几年里)等。
Many freeways have been built across China in the past few years.
过去几年已建起了横跨中国的很多条高速公路。
2. 现在完成时的被动语态的注意点。
(1)带有双宾语的动词, 如give, send, make, show, bring, teach, write, take, sell, buy, tell, lend, pass, promise等, 变为被动语态时, 可将其中一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不动。
I have given him a book. (变为被动语态)
____________________________________________
_____
A book has been given to him. /He has been given a
book.
【巧学助记】 趣记含双宾语的主动句变被动
如遇双宾语, 最好变间宾; 如若变直宾, be done后加to。
(2)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语, 原来省略to的作宾语补足语的不定式, 被动语态中要加to。
①I have asked her to help you. (变为被动语态)
___________________________
②He has been made work hard. (单句改错)
_____________
She has been asked to help you.
在work前加to
3. 一般过去时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态只强调一个被动的动作发生在过去, 不强调现在; 现在完成时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态尽管发生在过去, 但强调该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
翻译下列句子。
①This novel was finished last year.
_______________________
②This novel has been finished.
_______________________
这部小说是去年完成的。
这部小说已经被完成了。
4. 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体, 在被动结构中要
保持其完整性, 不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。
The flight to Shanghai ___ _____ ___ ___ until
tomorrow due to the heavy snow.
由于大雪, 飞往上海的航班已被推迟到明天。
has
been
put
off
5. 不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态。
A war between the two countries has been broken out.
(单句改错) ( )
去掉been
【共享课堂】
现在完成时的被动语态
1. 基本结构: have/has+ been+ done
2. 基本用法:
①表示动作发生在说话之前, 强调对现在造成的影响和结果。
②表示发生在过去, 一直延续到现在并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态, 常与介词for或since引导的时间状语连用。(共84张PPT)
Unit 3 Computers
Period 2 Reading 要点讲解课
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语意思写出单词
1. Music has been called the ________(通用的)
language.
2. All of us agree with the idea that we will _______
(探索)the unknown space.
universal
explore
3. I don’t like ________ (假的) flowers, for they have no
sign of life.
4. ________ (无论如何), I must try my best to get over
the difficulty.
5. With the help of his teacher, he finally ______ (解决)
the problem yesterday.
artificial
Anyhow
solved
6. To write a good essay you must first organize your
ideas ________(有条理地).
7. The player missed the ____ (球门)by a few inches. It
was really a pity.
8. I want to borrow a book on computer __________(技
术).
logically
goal
technology
9. The clerk figured up the ____ (总数)on a computer.
10. There is a ______(可移动的) phone and some novels
on the desk.
sum
mobile
Ⅱ. 根据语境和提示词写出正确的单词
1. It took two hours to complete the __________
(calculate), so we were behind the time.
2. His __________ (apply)for membership of the club
was turned down.
3. If you are not ______ (total) satisfied, return it at
our expense.
calculation
application
totally
4. Every month the boss of the company goes to the
Nursery School _________ (person).
5. The theory is _________(simple) to make it easier to
understand.
6. Most of the students in the mathematics test showed
their high __________ (intelligent).
personally
simplified
intelligence
7. After a long time, she finally found the _______
(solve)to the problem.
8. Tom is a good computer ________ (operate)you can
ask for his help if you have any questions about
computer.
9. I look forward to receiving your __________(apply)
in writing in a day or two.
solution
operator
application
10. The current education system is not in concert with
the ______(real).
reality
词
汇
微
空
间 v. +or→n.
operate v. 操作→operator n. 操作员
educate v. 教育→________ n. 教育者
visit v. 参观, 访问→______ n. 参观者
sail v. 航行→_____ n. 水手, 海员
act v. 行动, 起作用→_____ n. 男演员
educator
visitor
sailor
actor
Ⅲ. 根据语境选择短语填空
in common, go by, so. . . that. . . , as a result, share. . .
with. . . , as well as, provide. . . with. . . , be filled with,
from. . . on, in reality
1. This accident faded from my memory gradually as
time _______.
went by
2. As a good friend, you should _____ happiness and
sorrow ____ Tom.
3. The little boy ran __ fast ____ he fell down on the
floor.
4. The room ___________many children because they
are preparing for a dance party.
share
with
so
that
is filled with
5. _____ now___ , I make up my mind to get rid of my
bad habits.
6. She is a talented speaker ________being an excellent
programmer.
7. To my surprise, I have much __________with the
stranger.
From
on
as well as
in common
8. All singers worked together. __________, their
performance was very successful.
9. He felt it painful that he couldn’t _______ his son
____ a rich life.
10. The house looks very old, but ________ it’s quite
new.
As a result
provide
in reality
with
1. solve vt. 解决, 解答
【观察领悟】
※We should show the world that we could solve our own problems and together make a greater contribution to the world. 我们要向世界证明我们可以解决我们自己的问题, 共同为世界做出更大的贡献。
※(2017·北京高考)But, of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve the problem of homelessness.
但是, 当然, 一个五岁的孩子没有办法解决无家可归的问题。
※They settled the dispute in a friendly way.
他们以友好的方式解决了这一争端。
【易混辨析】
①_____ “解决”, 其宾语多为problem, puzzle, difficulty等, 强调找出解决问题的办法
②_____ “解决”, 其宾语多为question, argument, quarrel等, 强调解决争议、争端, 使意见一致
solve
settle
【知识延伸】
solution n. 解决办法
a solution to ……的解决办法
arrive at/come to/reach a solution 获得解决之道
【熟词生义】
Bill solved his debt with a valuable diamond. ( )
比尔用一颗昂贵的钻石偿清了他的债务。
vt. 偿清
【活学活用】选词填空(solve/settle/solution)。
①We should think of a way to _____ the quarrel.
②He’s trying to figure out a way to _____ the problem.
③At last they found the _______ to the problem.
④In my opinion, it occurred to me that you _____
_____ ___ _____ _________ by obtaining more money.
依我看, 你的所有问题都可以通过多挣点钱来解决。
settle
solve
solution
could
solve
all
your
problems
2. from. . . on 从……时起
【观察领悟】
※From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.
从那时起, 我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。
※(2016·江苏高考)From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together.
从那天起, 我们一起学习, 一起旅行, 一起作出牺牲。
※Since then, the palace has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired. 自从那时起, 这座宫殿不断得到扩建、重建和修缮。
【易混辨析】
①__________ 意为“从……时起”, 可用于一般过去时和一般将来时态
②_____ 意为“自……以来”, 常与完成时态连用
from. . . on
since
【活学活用】
①_____ ____ ___, we became good friends.
从那时起, 我们就变成了好朋友。
②Her husband died in 2000, _____ ____ she has lived
alone.
她丈夫于2000年去世, 从那时起她一直单身。
From
then
on
since
then
③_____ _________ ___ I will be a happy man.
从明天起, 我要做一个快乐的人。
④From then on we have raised our heads and became
our own masters. (改错)
_________
From
tomorrow
on
删除have
3. go by (时光)逝去; 经过
【观察领悟】
※Twenty years went by and she remained unchanged.
二十年过去了, 她依然没变。
※The whole house trembled when the train went by.
火车经过时, 整座房子都在震颤。
※Don’t let such a good chance go by.
不要放过这样一个好机会。
【自我归纳】
go by除表示“(时光)逝去, 经过”外, 还有“________
________________”的意思。
(机会等)
失去, 被轻易放过
【知识延伸】
go after 追求; 谋求; 寻求; 追赶
go up 涨价; 上涨; 升起; 升级
go down (太阳等)下沉; (价格等)下跌
go in for 从事; 参加; 喜欢
go against 违反; 违背; 对……不利
go ahead 开始; 继续; 往前走
go through 经历; 经受
【活学活用】用go的相关短语填空。
①You ________first; we will catch up with you later.
②Tom ___________ his father’s will at last.
③As a matter of fact, I wouldn’t let the chance ___
___.
go ahead
went against
go
by
一句多译。
④随着时间的推移, 他们彼此变得十分融洽。
As ____ _____ ___, they began to get on well with each
other.
→With ____ _____ ___, they began to get on well with
each other.
time
went
by
time
going
by
4. as a result 结果, 因此
【观察领悟】
※（2019·江苏高考）As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
因此，人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。
※He was late for school as a result of the traffic jam.
由于交通阻塞他上学迟到了。
※(2018·天津高考)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. 滥用灭火器会招致罚款。
※The car accident resulted from his carelessness.
这起车祸是由于他粗心造成的。
【自我归纳】
①___________
作为……的结果; 由于(=because of)
②________ 导致(=lead to)
③__________ 因……引起/造成
as a result of
result in
result from
【巧学助记】“因”与“果”
【活学活用】
用result的适当短语填空。
①All the flights were put off ___________the heavy
fog.
②It rained heavily. __________, the sports meeting
was put off.
as a result of
As a result
③Not working hard enough resulted in his failure. (句
型转换)
→His failure _______ _____ not working hard enough.
④The accident resulted from the death of two
passengers. (改错) ( )
resulted
from
from→in
5. total adj. 总的, 整个的; n. 总数; 合计
【观察领悟】
※I’m afraid that the meeting was not a total success.
在我看来, 这次会议恐怕不能算是完全成功。
※It is reported that the bike-sharing users cycled over
29. 9 billion km in total last year.
据报道, 去年共享单车用户的骑行量超过299亿千米。
※By the end of 2018, there were a total of 33 BDS satellites operating in orbit, including 15 BDS-2 satellites and 18 BDS-3 satellites. 截至2018年底, 在轨运行的北斗卫星导航系统33颗, 其中北斗2号卫星15颗, 北斗3号卫星18颗。
※They came from totally different cultures.
他们来自完全不同的文化。
【自我归纳】
①_______ 总计, 合计 (=totally)
②a total of _____(修饰名词复数时, 谓语动词用复数)
③______ adv. 全部地, 完全地
in total
总计
totally
【活学活用】语法填空。
①How many people are you bringing __ total
②Love was ______(total)absent from his childhood.
③One hundred experts attended the meeting __ ____.
=__ ____ __ one hundred experts attended the meeting.
总共有100名专家出席了这次会议。
in
totally
in
total
A
total
of
④改错: I think it’s a totally waste of time to talk to him.
( )
totally→total
6. application n. 应用; 用途; 申请
【观察领悟】
※Please attach a photograph to the application form.
请在申请表格上贴一张照片。
※She made an application to the hospital for a job as a nurse, and the hospital accepted her application.
她向医院提出应聘护士的工作, 医院接受了她的申请。
※Mobile apps(applications)are taking the place of Web sites.
手机应用程序正在取代网站。
【自我归纳】
①______________________________ 向某人申请某
物
②accept/reject an application _____________
make an application to sb. for sth.
接受/拒绝申请
【知识延伸】
apply vi. 申请; vt. 使用; 应用
apply for 申请; 请求; 应聘
apply. . . to. . . 把……应用到……
apply to 适用于…… (to为介词)
apply oneself to 致力于; 专心于
【活学活用】用apply的适当形式填空。
①His __________ to the school has been turned down.
②The results of his research can _________to new
development of technology.
③When should I _____ ___ __________ if I expect to
enter your university
如果我想上你们大学, 应该在什么时候申请
application
be applied
make
an
application
④As a student, you should _____ _______ __ your
study.
作为一名学生, 你应当专心于学习。
apply
yourself
to
7. anyhow adv. 无论如何; 即使如此
【观察领悟】
※Anyhow, we must make up for the lost time.
无论如何, 我们必须把损失的时间弥补上。
※Somehow, I don’t like the new film.
不知怎么地, 我不喜欢这部新电影。
※The situation has improved somewhat. 情况已有所改善。
【易混辨析】
①_______
(=anyway) adv. 不管怎样, 无论如何; 反正。常用于转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题。可用于句首或句末
②________
(=someway) adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法; 不知怎么地
③_________ adv. 有点, 稍微。后接形容词或副词, 相当于slightly
anyhow
somehow
somewhat
【活学活用】
选词填空(anyhow/somehow/somewhat)。
①________, he didn’t attend my birthday party.
②The price is _________ higher than I have expected.
③_________, I don’t feel I can trust him.
④I might fail, but _______ I wouldn’t give up.
Anyhow
somewhat
Somehow
anyhow
8. goal n. 目标; 目的; 球门; (进球)得分
品读下列句子, 并在其后的括号中填入goal的含义。
①No. 6 gave a long shot, but missed the goal. ( )
②In 2019, China aimed for higher goals in building
BRI. ( )
③We won by three goals to one. ( )
球门
目标, 目的
得分
【知识延伸】
set a goal 设定目标
achieve/realize/reach a goal 实现目标
【巧学助记】 goal的目标是——进球门得分!
【活学活用】
①They hope __ _______ _____ ____(实现他们的目标)
in a peaceful way.
②___ __ ____(定下目标) and work on it till you
achieve it.
to
achieve
their
goal
Set
a
goal
③We should _____ __ ______ ___ ____.
我们应该有一个适当的生活目标。
④Our football team leads them by two goals.
译: _____________________________
have
a
proper
life
goal
我们的足球队比他们领先两分。
9. As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移, 我被造得越来越小。
【句型剖析】
本句中, as用作连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“随着; 当……的时候”。
(2016·天津高考)As the average age of the population
increases, there are more and more old people to care
for.
译: _______________________, 越来越多的老年人需要
照顾。
随着人口平均年龄的增长
【知识延伸】
(1)as还可引导方式状语从句、原因状语从句, 意为“按照”“由于, 既然”。
※She is not so weak as she looks. 她并不像看上去那么虚弱。
※She may need some help as she is new.
因为她是新来的, 可能需要一些帮助。
(2)as还可以引导让步状语从句, 此时as从句一般放在主句之前, 用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。
※Child as he is, he knows how to operate the machine.
尽管他还是个孩子, 但他知道如何操作这台机器。
※Strange as it may seem, it is true.
尽管这事看上去很奇怪, 但却是真的。
【活学活用】句型转换。
①With time going by, they became close friends.
=___ ____ _____ ___, they became close friends.
②Although he is tired, he is still working hard.
=_____ __ ___ __, he is still working hard.
As
time
went
by
Tired
as
he
is
③_____ __ ___ __, he does well in playing basketball.
尽管他是一个孩子, 他非常擅长打篮球。
④Leave the things as they are.
译: _____________________
Child
as
he
is
让那些东西保持原样。
【备选要点】
1. common adj. 共同的, 普通的, 常见的
【观察领悟】
※To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.
令我吃惊的是, 我发现自己和这个陌生人有很多共同之处。
※Though they are twins, they have little in common.
尽管他们是双胞胎, 但他们几乎没有什么共同之处。
※In common with many young people, she prefers pop music to classical music.
和许多年轻人一样, 她更喜欢流行音乐, 不太喜欢古典音乐。
※The two brothers own the company in common.
这兄弟俩共同拥有这家公司。
【自我归纳】
①__________________________________________
与……有很多/许多/无/几乎无共同之处
②______________ 和……一样
③__________ 共同(的), 共用(的)
have a lot/much/nothing/little in common with. . .
in common with
in common
【易混辨析】
common “常见的, 不足为奇的”, 并含有“并不高贵, 地位低下”的含义; 其反义词是rare
ordinary “平常的, 平凡的, 普通的”, 表示随时都可以看见, 不值得惊奇; 其反义词是extraordinary
general “普遍的, 一般的”, 并无“不高贵, 地位低下”的含义, 表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注; 其反义词是especial
usual “通常的, 惯常的”, 强调习惯性; 一贯如此; 其反义词是unusual
【活学活用】
①We two _____ __ _____ __ ________ that we should
get along very well.
我们俩有这么多的共同点所以我们俩应相处得很好。
have
so
much
in
common
②__ ________ ____ other children, my son often takes
apart his toy cars to see how they work. 和其他孩子一
样, 我儿子常常把玩具汽车拆开, 看看它们是怎么运作
的。
In
common
with
③Roses ___ _____ ________ in English gardens.
玫瑰花在英国人的花园里是很常见的。
are
quite
common
选词填空(common/ordinary/general/usual)。
④They will meet at the _____ place.
⑤Wheat fields and maize fields are ________ in the
north of China.
⑥Her mother is an ________ teacher.
⑦I have got the _______ idea of what he said.
usual
common
ordinary
general
2. sum n. 总数, 算术题, 金额
【观察领悟】
※She paid me a large sum of money for my services.
她为我的服务付给我一大笔钱。
※In sum, its disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
总而言之, 它的缺点比优点多。
※To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problem.
概括起来说, 这一问题有三种解决办法。
【自我归纳】
①_____________ 一大笔
②______ 总而言之
③_________ 概括起来说, 总结
a large sum of
in sum
to sum up
【活学活用】
①My meaning, __ ____, is that you must stay.
总而言之, 我的意思就是你必须留下来。
②After we accomplished this task, we sat down __
____ ___ experience. 我们完成这项任务后, 坐下来总
结经验。
in
sum
to
sum
up
③I had to spend __ _____ ____ __ money to get the
painting back.
我不得不花一大笔钱把那幅画弄回来。
a
large
sum
of
【共享课堂】
Ⅰ. 词汇串记
The goal of early calculating machines was to
simplify difficult sums. But with the development of
new technology, chips replaced tubes and a revolution
of artificial intelligence has arisen. From then on,
computers totally changed human’s life. They can
not only download information from the web when connected by the network, but also solve different types of logical problems. Under the direction of operators, they can even control rockets to explore the Moon. Anyhow, computers are so helpful that they do bring us happiness. As a result, computers become more and more popular. This is a good reality.
Ⅱ. 句式背诵
1. As time goes by, our life is getting better and better.
随着时间的推移, 我们的生活会越来越好。
2. New technology develops so fast that we can’t catch up with its pace. 新技术发展得如此之快以至于我们赶不上它的步伐。
3. Anyhow, I should try my best to help you.
无论如何, 我应当尽力帮助你。
4. It took us an entire week to finish painting the house.
我们花了整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。
