2021-2022学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit5 Working the Land语法主语从句讲练学案

新人教选择性必修一U5语法讲练——主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前，置于句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而将主语从句放至句末。
要注意的是：主语从句一定是陈述语序。主语从句主要有以下几类：
由连词that引导的主语从句
that无实际意义，只起连接作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
例：有意思的是他喜欢这种书籍。
That he likes this kind of books is quite interesting.
= It is interesting that he likes this kind of books.
众所周知，在空气中光比声音传播得快。
That light travels faster than sound in the air is known to us all.
= It is known to all that light travels faster than sound in the air.
用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句后置时，就构成了下面一些常用句型:
（1）It is +名词+从句
　 It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
　 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…
　 It is a fact that… …是事实
例：It is a pity that we lost the match.
It is a fact that he cheated in the exam.
（2）It is +形容词+从句
　 It is possible that... 很可能……
　 It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is obvious that… 很明显…
It is necessary / important / natural... that…
例：It is likely that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
（3） It + is/was +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……; 人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
例：It is reported that twenty people were killed in the accident.
It is suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.
由连词whether 引导的主语从句
whether有实义（意为“是否”），在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
例：明天我们是否在户外举办聚会取决于天气。
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们是否要举办运动会还没有决定呢。
Whether we will have the sports meeting has not been decided yet.
由连接代词引导的主语从句
由连接代词who，what，which，whose，whom，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等引导的主语从句，在主语从句中有词义，句子中担任成分，不能省略(有ever的为泛指，“无论......”。)。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。
例：许多科学家相信的是地球是圆的。
What many scientists believe is that the earth is round.
由谁参加这个会议还没有决定。
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
任何违反规则的人都将受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
注意事项：
（1）连接词that和what的区别
that只起连接作用，无意义，在句中不充当任何成分。what既起连接作用，又在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
例：That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white any more.
（2）what/whatever，who/whoever等引导主语从句的区别
whatever/whoever等引导的主语从句不含有疑问意义，表示泛指含义，“无论......”相当于名词或者代词后加一个定语从句，即whoever可以换成anyone who, whatever可以换成anything that。
而what和who引导的主语从句含有疑问意义，翻译成“什么、谁”，表示特指含义。
例：他想与任何与他有相同兴趣爱好的人交朋友。
He wishes to make friends with whoever shares his hobbies and interests.
= He wishes to make friends with anyone who shares his hobbies and interests.
玛丽很难在那里工作下去，因为她做的任何事情都不能让她的老板满意。
It is hard for Mary to work there, for whatever she does can’t satisfy her boss.
= It is hard for Mary to work there, for anything that she does can’t satisfy her boss.
由连接副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词when，where， how， why，whenever，wherever等引导的主语从句，连接副词有具体含义，且在从句中作状语。
例：他们什么时候离开还没决定。
When they will leave is not decided.
它从哪里来的还不知道。
Where it is from is unknown.
我们怎样装饰这个房子与你无关。
How we will decorate the house has nothing to do with you.
主语从句注意事项。
判断正误：When will he come is unknown. （ ）
When he will come is unknown. （ ）
结论：__________________________________________
判断正误：If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. （ ）
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. （ ）
结论：__________________________________________
判断正误：When he will come are a puzzle. （ ）
When he will come is a puzzle. （ ）
结论：__________________________________________
What he needs __________(be) money.
What he needs _________(be) these books.
结论：__________________________________________
When and where the meeting will be held __________(have) not been decided.
When they will start and where they will go __________(have) not been decided.
结论：___________________________________________________
练习一、找出错误，并给出理由。
1. Where shall we spend the holiday isn’t decided.
2. You have made a mistake is a fact.
3. If the policeman will come is not certain.
4. That is certain that we can win.
5. Where he comes from are a mystery.
6. What whether he likes the job is not clear.
7. Who he is and where he is from is important.
8.What he saw is the stars in the sky.
练习二、单项选择。
It was he said disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
2. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
A. What B. That C. Which D. How
4. was to return to school.
A. That really interested him B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really
5. makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
6. It has always puzzled me the old man lied a red silk ribbon on the tree
A. that B. why C. where D. what
7. _ __ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
8. ---What made her parents so angry
　 --- _______ she had failed in the examination.
A. It B. Whether C. What D. That
9. It worried her a bit __ _ her hair was turning gray
A. whether B. when C. what D. that
10. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
练习三、填入恰当的连词
_________ you want to go abroad is known to us.
_________ surprised me most was to see so many women crying sadly there.
I really want is the posters of the famous singer.
4. ___ __ we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
5. __ ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
6. __ ___ is needed for success is your hard work.
7. __________they will arrive has been told to the teacher.
8. __________ we will go tomorrow hasn’t been decided yet.
9. ___ ___ can join in the sport meet is decided by the teacher.
10. Everyone knows_________ it is dangerous to play with fire, but ________ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
练习四、翻译句子
哪个学生赢还不一定呢。
________________________________________________________
关于这件事情，无论你知道什么都要保密。
________________________________________________________
他们什么时候来还没有公开。
________________________________________________________
无论谁犯错都要纠正他们。
________________________________________________________
他说的和我们正在讨论的话题没有关系。
________________________________________________________
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。
________________________________________________________
每年的风筝节中，无论是谁制作了最漂亮的风筝都将获奖。
________________________________________________________
是什么导致了这场事故还不清楚。
________________________________________________________
众所周知，美国是世界上最大的发达国家之一。
________________________________________________________
据报道，今年又是一个丰收年。
________________________________________________________
答案：
一、改错
1. Where shall we spend... （主从要用陈述语序。）
2. That you have.... （that引导的主从无实义，但不能省略。）
3. Whether the policeman... （主从表是否放句首，只能用whether，不能用if）
4. It is certain that we can win. （用it 作形式主语，不是that）
5. Where he comes from is a mystery. （单个主语从句作主语，动词单三。）
6. Whether he likes the job is not clear. （主从引导词不能叠加使用。）
7. Who he is and where he is from are important. （and连接两个主语或两个以上的主语从句，动词用复数。）
8.What he saw are the stars in the sky. （what引导的主从，表语是名词时，动词取决于后面表语的单复数。）
二、单选
1-5 ABABC 6-10 BADDD
三、填词
1. That 2. What 3. What 4. Whether 5. Whoever
6. What 7. That/ When 8. Whether 9. Who 10. that, what
四、翻译句子
Which student will win is uncertain.
Whatever you know about the matter must be kept secret.
When they will come hasn’t been made public.
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
What he said is irrelevant to the topic we are discussing now.
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
What caused the accident remains unknown.
It is common knowledge that America is one of the biggest developed countries in the world.
It is reported that there is another good harvest this year.