【培优讲义】第8讲 英语牛津深圳版 七年级下册 Unit 4 Save the trees (2)

京师教育一对一学科辅导讲义
课程名称： 同步复习 年 级： 初一 辅导科目： 英语 课时数： 3
教师姓名： 上课日期： 上课时段：
第8讲：七下U4（2）
教学目标
音标：
掌握音标/sk/，/sp/，/st/，/sl/，/sm/，/pl/，/pr/，/kw/的发音；
能在单词的读音，分辨出相应字母的发音；
语法：
正确运用现在进行时对正在发生的动作或事迹进行描述；
掌握现在进行时中谓语动词的变化规律；
准确判断使用现在进行时的句子；
了解不能使用现在进行时而只用一般现在时的部分动词；
阅读：
掌握常见词义猜测题的提问方式和相关的解题思路；
学习分解文中长难句，并完成相关专题训练；
写作：
掌握保护环境的几个高频句型，能用于翻译句子；
学会发现句中问题，并准确改正；
教学重难点
重点：
掌握谓语动词在现在进行时中的正常情况和特殊情况变化规律
准确判断现在进行时常见的时间状语或语境；
准确辨析一般现在时和现在进行时的语境区分，练习正确率在90%以上；
掌握常见词义猜测题的解题思路；
掌握保护环境的几个高频句型，能用于翻译句子；
难点：
准确判断现在进行时常见的时间状语或语境；
准确辨析一般现在时和现在进行时的语境区分，练习正确率在90%以上；
教学方法
目标学习法
教学过程
音标回顾
/sk/ /st/ /sm/ /pr/
sky first smoke print
ask still smooth prince
/sp/ /sl/ /pl/ /kw/
special slow place queen
special slang play quite
注意：两个轻音在前面或中间，后面一个轻音通常要浊化，而如果轻音组放在末尾，则不用。例如：
stand, strike, speak, sky
/sk/-/sg/ /sc/-/sg/ /st/-/sd/ /sp/-/sb/ /str/-/sdr/
st结尾: fist，rest ，must， east
sk结尾: desk， ask， risk ，task， mask
学以致用
音标 单词 音标 单词
[stɑ ] [sk ]
[twelv] [kw z]
['pr b bl ] ['reskju ]
慧眼识音（找出划线部分发音不同的一项）
（　　）1. A. star B. study C. stand D. slow
（　　）2. A. school B. sky C. science D. score
（　　）3. A. twenty B. twelve C. talk D. between
（　　）4. A. plane B. please C. plan D. press
（　　）5. A. question B. photo C. quite D. quit
先读词，再拆音。
PK赛
找出划线部分发音不同的一项。
( )1. skip special score sky
( )2. plane people reply play
( )3 ask first school screen
( )4 queue question queen quite
( )5 between twenty twelve time
【现在进行时the present continuous tense】
【定义】
1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作 <常用时间状语:now，at present，at this moment，these days>
2. 现阶段一直持续的动作
【构成】 主语+be（is, am, are）（+not）+Ving（现在分词）
句子类型 句子结构 答句
肯定句 主语+be+现在分词. /
否定句 主语+be not+现在分词. /
一般疑问句 Be+主语+现在分词 肯定回答：Yes，主语+be. 否定回答：No，主语+be not.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词 主语+be+现在分词+其它成分
例句：
I am doing my homework. 我正在写作业。
The boy is not playing football. 男孩没在踢足球。
Are you planting trees 你们在种树吗？ Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.
What are you doing now 你正在干什么？
【动词现在分词变化规则】
1.一般情况下词尾加-ing go— 去 ask— 问 look— 看
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词[元+辅+e]，去掉e加-ing take— 拿走 make— 制造 write— 写
重读闭音节[辅+元+辅], 双写末尾辅音,加-ing. [元+y]直接加ing get— 拿来, 得到 put— 放置 run— 跑 begin— 开始 swim— 游泳 play— 播放
4. 以-al,-er,-ill结尾的动词,即使重音不在最后一个音节上,也要双写,再加-ing 如：travelling等 travel— 旅行 quarrel— 争吵
5. 少数-ie结尾，-ie变y，加-ing lie— 说谎 die— 死
*travel,quarrel可以双写也可不双写
【注意】
有些动词不能用现在进行时表示，只能用一般现在时。（口诀：一有三感）
拥有类： have（有）, belong to（属于）, need（需要）
感情类： like(喜欢), love（喜爱）, hate（憎恨）
感官类 ：see（看）, taste（尝）, hear（听）, sound（听）;
感知类： believe（相信）, know（知道）, understand（知道）,
Do you like milk （ √ ） Are you liking milk （×）
The book belongs to me.( √ ) The book is belonging to me. （ × ）
*情景类
【例1】（　　）1. Where is Sally Her mother ______ for her everywhere.
A. looks B. looked C. is looking
【例2】（　　）2. As we know, things like that ______ all over the world every day.
A. happens B. are happened C. are happening
*标志类
【例3】（　　）3. Listen! ______ you ______ anyone crying
A. Do; hear B. Are; hearing C. Did; hear
KEY: CCA
【出招】
将下列动词变成ing形式 。
help_________ come_________ swim_________ eat__________
give________ find____ ___ sit ________ write________
tie______ _ make _______ play______ _ clean _______
catch_______ walk_______ ride _______ run_____ __
draw_______ listen_______ begin _______ dance_______
用所给的动词的正确形式填空。
1. --What _______ you _______ (do) now
--I __________ (make) a paper plane.
2. --What _______ he _______ (do) now
--He _____________ (dance).
3.--What_________they__________(do)
--They_____________(sing) an English song now.
4. All the students_____ ______ (have) computer lessons now
5. --______ you _______ ( go ) to school by bus next Friday
--Yes, I will.
6. --What ______ your mother_______ (do)
--She is cooking.
7. Don't be late, Joan. The train__________ (start) at 10 a.m.
8. My parents usually______ (watch) TV on Saturday evening.
9. He often ________ (listen) to the radio at home.
10. We_______ ________(not have) much work to do today.
词义猜测题
这种题型主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词或词组的意义的理解能力。
提问方式
(1) The word “______” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
(3) In this story the underlined word “_______” means ________.
(4) Here “it” means________.
解题技巧：
通过定义、释义猜测词义
有时候，文中出现的生词，作者会通过下定义，或者通过解释说明的方法阐明其意义。这种定义或释义关系常由 is, or, that is, in other words, be called 或破折号等来表示。
【例如】
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
解析：定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。
通过同位、并列关系猜测词义
有时，需要猜测的词语后面或前面会出现一个并列的单词，它们两者往往会有一定的联系，考生可以根据这个并列的单词来进行联想和猜测。
【例题】(2016 年广东)B篇
When people talk to each other, write letters or make phone calls, words of the spoken form or the written form can send any message they want to pass on.
But besides words, do you know any other ways you can use to communicate with people Rich expressions on your face can be one of them. A smile on your face shows that you are happy. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad or excited. Body languages can do the same job. When you put your hand up in class, the teacher knows that you want to say something or you may have some questions to ask. You shake your head from side to side and people know you are saying “no” or refuse others' requirements. When you nod, people will understand that you are saying “yes” or agree to others' opinions or suggestions.
Other forms can also carry different messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop gives passengers instructions on which bus to take. The flag language made by soldiers can pass different orders. Sound from the school bell tells the students and teachers when to begin or end a class. A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what he thinks of the world around him. Music and films also can convey the feelings and ideas of the musicians and the directors. So next time when you see a piece of art or listen to some music,take it as communication with its creator and try to get the meaning behind it.
64. The underlined word convey probably means _______in the passage.
A.掩饰 B.传递 C.克制 D.爆发
解析：根据第三段“A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what...” 和“Music and films also...” 中的also 可以推知convey 有着和tell 相似的意义，结合选项可知选B。
通过转折、因果、同义、反义关系和情景、逻辑猜测词义
在 but, however, yet, otherwise, though 这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
【例如】
Though Karl's face has been washed many times, his ears still remain grubby.
解析：句 中 的 “Karl's face has been washed many times” 意 味 着clean，和 clean 意思相对的是 grubby 了，因此可猜出句中 grubby的意思是“脏的”。
通过构词法猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。
【例如】
The journey to Hawaii this summer is unforgettable.
解析：利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词 forget，我们可以知道unforgettable 就是“令人难忘的”的意思。
【实战演练】
(2015 年广东)B篇
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China. Such a thing can be found every day although it is against international laws. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job because dangerous poisons like mercury (汞) and lead (铅) can be found in them. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. But at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.
Many places in China are polluted by e waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. This town is named as “the e waste capital of the world”．It has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e waste each year, from which it makes 75 million yuan. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e waste find their way into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and chemical water is poured into rivers. Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
The Chinese government wants the country to develop, but in a way that doesn't do harm to the environment and people's life. This year, China passed a new environmental protection law, the strictest one we have ever puter companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. This is because the companies that make computers know best how to deal with them safely. Hopefully, the problem with e waste will be solved in the near future.
(　　)61.The e waste found in Hong Kong last month was from ________.
A．France B．Japan C．Germany D．Australia
(　　)62.The underlined word buried probably means ________ in the passage.
A．焚烧 B．降解 C．回收 D．掩埋
(　　)63.The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province ________.
A．is the e capital of the world
B．has serious e waste pollution　　
C．deals with e waste safely
D．spends much money on e waste
(　　)64. This year, the Chinese government ________.
A．tried to change people's life
B．closed some computer companies
C．made a new environment protection law
D．asked people to hand in their old computers
(　　)65.The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the ways to deal with e waste
B．the cost of burning e waste
C．the e waste problem in China
D．the need to pass a law against e waste
Keys: 本文论述了中国的电子垃圾问题的现状。
61．B　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.”可知，这些电子垃圾来自日本。故选B。
62．D　词义猜测题。由后句“It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.”可知，数百年后那些电子垃圾才有可能在土壤中彻底消失，由“in the earth”可知bury在此应是“掩埋；埋葬”之意。故选D。
63．B　细节理解题。由第三段第一、二句“Many places in China are polluted by e waste.Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them.”可知，广东贵屿镇有着非常严重的电子垃圾污染问题。A、C、D三项内容明显与第三段内容不符。故选B。
64．C　细节理解题。由第四段第二句“This year, China passed a new environmental protection law, the strictest one we have ever had.”可知应选C。
65．C　主旨大意题。通读文章后可知，全文是围绕着现在中国国内存在的电子垃圾问题来展开叙述的，故选C。
(2016 年丹东)B篇
I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as my mother sat there writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I thought that the act of writing is the coolest thing in the world.
Years later, during her final illness, my mother kept different things for my sister and my brother.“But the desk，” she said, “it's for Helen.”
Although I knew she loved me and she only showed it in action, I wanted heart to heart talks between mother and daughter. But they never happened. And a gulf opened between us.I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”， but she lived “on the surface”．
I had my own family later. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she forgave me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. It didn't come.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happened.I wasn't even sure if the letter had got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I never heard from her!
Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one page letter, folded and refolded many times.
Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
难句解析
Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I thought that the act of writing is the coolest thing in the world.
结构：划线句____________语（句子成分）表示_______
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
There are also weekend visits organized to San Francisco and other places of interest in California.
Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work.
结构：划线句修饰_______________, 译为________________________________.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
专题训练
(　　)6.The writer began to love her mother's desk ________.
A．when mother gave it to her B．before she was badly ill
C．when she was a child D．after mother died
(　　)7.From the passage, we can know that the writer's mother ________.
A．was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
B．was too serious about everything her daughter had done
C．cared much about her daughter in words
D．wrote to her daughter in careful words
(　　)8.The underlined word “gulf” means “________” in Chinese.
A．理解 B．鸿沟 C．沟通 D．港湾
(　　)9.What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness
A．She had never received the letter.
B．For years, she often talked about the letter.
C．She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.
D．She read the letter again and again till she died.
(　　)10.What's the best title of the passage
A．My Letter to Mother B．Mother and Children
C．My Mother's Desk D．Talks between Mother and Me
Keys: 6—10　CABDC
句型专练
It is+adj.+ to do sth. “做某事是怎么样的”
Eg. It is very important to keep healthy.保持健康是十分重要的。
学习外语（foreign language）是困难的。
stop sb.from doing sth. “防止做某事”
We must try to stop them frm being hurt.
我们必须设法防止他们遭受伤害。
暴风雨（the heavy storm）阻止我们周末去郊游的计划了。
with+n.+of…“在…..之下”，“伴随着……”
Eg.
with the aid of…在……帮助之下，
with the development of伴随着……的发展
在她的帮助下，我完成了作业。
病句辨析
改错。（每题有一个错误，请找出来并改正。）
It’s difficult for me do the dishes.
________________________________________________________________________
With allow of her parents, she reads comic book every Sunday.
________________________________________________________________________
语音
/st/ /sk/ /sp/ /sm/ /kw/ /sl/ /pr/ /pl/
英文单词 英文单词 英文单词 英文单词 英文单词 英文单词 英文单词 英文单词
语法
含义：表示正在进行或者一段时间内正在进行的动作。 标志词： 构成： 其中，be动词随着主语的变化而变化。 【肯定句】 【否定句】 【一般疑问句】 肯定回答: 否定回答: 【特殊疑问句】 ，即 特殊疑问词：“5W1H”：
单项选择
（ ）1. — Where is Betty （2015 北京顺义 二模）
— She __________ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. will play D. is playing
（ ）2. — Look! The old man ______ a big box into the house.（2015 沈阳中考）
— Let’s go and help him.
A. pulls B. pulled C. is pulling D. has pulled
（ ）3. Yunnan is beautiful and I’m ______ visiting it again. （2015 天津中考）
A. keeping clear of B. suffering from
C. looking forward to D. running away from
二. 用现在进行时填空。
1. Look! They _______ (eat) dinner.
2. — What’s your brother doing
— He _______(play) computer games.
3. Listen! Andrew _______(sing) in the room.
4. Be quiet! The teachers _______(have) a meeting.
5. — Can you go to the movie now
— Sorry, I can’t. I _______(write) to my pen pal.
三. 根据汉语意思，翻译下列句子。
1. 此时，伦敦的人们正在睡梦中。
At ________ ________, people in London are ________.
2. 周末，公园里有很多人。
There are ________ ________ people in the park on ________.
3. 孩子们不是在看电视，他们是在玩游戏。
The children ________ ________ TV; they ________ ________ computer games.
4. 我正在享受阳光。
I ________ ________ ________ ________.
5. 人们没在穿衣打扮。
People aren’t ________ ________.
四．阅读理解
Guilin is my favorite city in China because of its beauty, its waterways, its cafes, and most of all because I met my wife there. It is her hometown and we will both retire there in a few years.
Not only is Guilin a fascinating city, but there are many interesting places to visit within a short drive from there.
The Ling Canal is the oldest canal in the world. It was built about 2,200 years ago and connects two major river systems, the Yangtze and the Pearl River.
The Longsheng Rice Terraces (梯田) is another man made wonder that was built around 650 years ago.I have some photos of both of these places in my China Daily Homepage Albums.
The Gudong Waterfall Park is another attraction that is worth visiting. The hike to the top of all these waterfalls isn't very difficult and if you want, you can take a ride to the bottom on a personal rail car (机动轨道车) that you control the speed with a brake.
If you want, you can also climb up some of the waterfalls with the help of chains that are placed for the convenience of amateur climbers (业余登山者)．
I have only been in Guilin during the winter and spring, but my wife tells me it gets pretty hot in the summer time. That's OK because I grew up in the Midwest of the U．S. where it gets very hot and humid during the summer months.
But in Guilin almost everything is within walking distance and if you need to go further the buses come by every 5 minutes on the busy streets and every 10—15 minutes just about everywhere else. There are plenty of taxis, too, and most trips are only 6 yuan. It's a perfect place to retire.
(　　)6.The writer likes Guilin best mainly because ________.
A．it has many water ways B．he met his wife there
C．he likes its beauty D．it has lots of cafes
(　　)7.How many man made wonders in Guilin are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One.
(　　)8.The underlined word “brake” means ________.
A．遥控 B．刹车 C．方向盘 D．油门
(　　)9.Which of the following is NOT true
A．Guilin is the writer's wife's hometown.
B．The history of the Ling Canal is three times as long as that of the Longsheng Rice Terraces.
C．It's convenient for the amateur climbers to climb up some waterfalls with the help of chains.
D．Guilin is really a good place to retire and live in.
(　　)10.What's the weather like in summer in Guilin
A．Very hot. B．Quite humid. C．Rather hot. D．A little cool.
Keys: 6—10　BCBBC
高中★初中★小学 专业课外辅导
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