【培优讲义】第10讲 英语牛津深圳版 七年级下册 Unit 5 Water (2)

京师教育一对一学科辅导讲义
课程名称： 同步复习 年 级： 初一 辅导科目： 英语 课时数： 3
教师姓名： 上课日期： 上课时段：
第10讲：七上U5（2）
教学目标
音标：
掌握音标/str/，/spl/，/spr/，/skr/的发音方式；
在单词中，根据单词读音分辨出相应字母的发音；
语法：
能区分可数名词和不可数名词的用法；
掌握常见量词对可数名词和不可数名词进行提问；
准确辨析常见易混量词；
阅读：
掌握常见推理判断题的解题思路；
学习分解文中长难句，并完成相关专题训练；
写作：
掌握描写环境保护的几个高频句型，能用于翻译句子；
学会发现句中问题，并准确改正；
教学重难点
重点：
掌握常见量词对可数和不可数名词的提问，能在练习中熟练运用；
准确辨析几组常见量词some和any, a number of和the number of等等，练习正确率在90%以上；
掌握常见推理判断题的解题思路；
掌握描写保护环境的几个高频句型，能用于翻译句子；
难点：
掌握常见推理判断题的解题思路；
准确辨析几组常见量词some和any, a number of和the number of等等。
教学方法
目标学习法
教学过程
音标回顾
/str/ /spl/ /spr/ /skr/
strange splash spray scream
street splendid spread screen
strong split spring script
学以致用
音标 单词 音标 单词
[stre t] [spl t]
[ splend d] [stri:t]
[skr pt] [spr ]
Key: straight, split, splendid, street, script,spring
慧眼识音（找出划线部分发音不同的一项）
（　　）1. A. strange B. street C. stay D. strong
（　　）2. A. splash B. split C. speed D. splendid
（　　）3. A. scream B. screen C. school D. script
（　　）4. A. spring B. spend C. spread D. spray
（　　）5. A. score B. science C. scale D. scold
先读词，再拆音。
PK赛
找出划线部分的发音与所给单词的划线部分发音相同的选项。
( )1. strange exist street stand list
( )2. screen scan knife mask script
( )3 split splendid sport spell spread
( )4 uniform just computer sunshine under
( )5 watch chemical clever clock change
量词
表示数量的多少
意思 用法 例子
“许多” a lot of = lots of + 名词或 名词 a lot of water； a lot of swimmers
many + 名词 many swimmers
much + 名词 much water
“一点点” （肯定概念） a few + 名词 a few friends
a little + 名词 a little time
“几乎没有” （否定概念） few + 名词 There is little food in the fridge.
little + 名词 He has few friends.
no + 名词 / 名词 There are no swimmers in the pool.
【例1】选词填空。
—Did you buy ______ （many, some） books
—Yes. They were so heavy that I had to find somebody to help me carry them.
Review可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
有单数和复数两种形式，前面可用不定冠词a/an或数词修饰。如：
a bag 一个包 an apple 一个苹果 three boxes 三个盒子 some eggs 一些鸡蛋
不可数名词
1)不可数名词通常是一些物质类名词、抽象意义的名词及液体、气体、溶液类名词。如：
glass玻璃 wood木头 water水
2)不可数名词一般没有单数和复数形式之分，不能直接用不定冠词或数词来修饰。
3)不可数数名词可用a little，some，much，any，a lot of等词修饰。若要表示量的多少时，则需借助“单位名词(即表示量的名词)+of”来表达。如：
two bags of salt 两袋盐 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
(3)有些名词有时是可数的，有时是不可数的。如：
小鸡(可数） 玻璃(不可数)
Chicken Glass
鸡肉(不可数) 玻璃杯(可数）
询问多少
(1) （询问数量）How （+ 可数名词 ）
e.g. How many oranges are there in the fridge
(2) （询问数量）How （+ 不可数名词 ）
e.g. How much paper do you need
(3) （询问价格） How
e.g. How much are the oranges
【例2】选词填空。
（How many/ How much） apples are there in the box
（How much/ How much） money do you have
谈论足够与否
(1) “太多的”表达：
+ 可数名词复数 e.g. too many oranges
+ 不可数名词 e.g. too much water
(2) “太少的”表达：
+ 可数名词复数 e.g. too few eggs
+ 不可数名词 e.g. too little milk
(2) “足够的”表达：
+ 可数名词复数\不可数名词 e.g. enough onions / salt
(3) “不足的”表达：
+ 可数名词复数\不可数名词 e.g. not enough onions / salt
【例3】选词填空。
1.—Did you buy ____________ （too much, too many） food
—Yes. We couldn’t eat it up.
2. —Do you have _________ （much, enough） money
—I think so. We have 50 yuan, and the pen will cost about 40 yuan.
some和any的辨析
词义 用法
some 一些 肯定句 在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any
any 任何 否定和疑问句
【例4】选词填空。
1.—Would you like ____________ （some, any）a cup of tea
—Yes，black tea please.
They have ____oranges, but I don't have_____.
A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some
a number of 和the number of的辨析
a number of 和the number of的辨析
词义 用法
a number of 许多，大量 a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
the number of ……的总数 the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
例如：
A number of girls have the same problem.
The number of girls present was close to one hundred.
【例5】选词填空。
The number of students in our class__________(is/are/am)50
A number of students__________(is/are/am) planting trees on the hill
【出招】
单项选择。
(　　)1. This passage is very difficult. __________ people can understand it. （2016宜宾）
A. A few B. Few C. A little
(　　) 2. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still __________ time left. (2016恩施州）
A. little B. a little C. a few
(　　) 3. There is __________ juice in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some. (2016淮安）
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
(　　)4. Here are some __________. Do you like __________ （2015安顺）
A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their
(　　)5. —Would you like some more noodles, Celia
—Yes, just __________, please. （2015德州）
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
Key: BBCAC
二、用 a lot of, many, much, a little, a few, no, enough 填空
1. Jack gave me __________ coins to buy a sweater. It is not enough.
2. There weren’t __________ students playing games on the playground.
3. I am on a diet, so I can’t eat __________ / __________ food.
4. My brother is very popular. He has got __________/__________ friends.
5. If a box of chocolates is empty, we say that there are __________ chocolates.
6. —How__________ students are there in the classroom
—None.
7. —How__________ water do you want
—Ten bottles of water.
8. It took me a long time to drive here. There was __________ / __________ traffic.
9. —Do you want a cup of coffee
—Yes, please. But only __________ sugar. I don’t like too sweet coffee.
10. —How much tea is there
—There are two boxes.
—That is __________ for this month. I won’t buy any tea until next month.
Key: 1.a few, many, 2.uch/a lot of, 3.a lot of/ many 4. no
5.many 6.much 7.a lot of/much 8.a little
推理判断题
提问方式
(1)What can we know according to the passage
(2)We can guess the writer of the passage may be a ________.
(3)From the passage we can know ________.
(4)The writer writes this passage to ________.
(5)The writer suggests that ________.
技巧点拨： 把握题干，顺序对题！
【例题】
In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor (辅导员）at a high school camp. On the first day, when we were dancing and playing games, I noticed a boy under the tree who was small and thin. His shyness made him appear weak. I walked towards him, introduced myself and invited him to join in the activities and meet some new people. He quietly replied, "No, I really don't want to do this." I could understand that he was in a new world but I knew it wouldn't be right to force him, either. Actually, the boy didn't need a close talk but a friend.
At lunch the next day, I was leading camp songs when 1 saw the boy under the tree sitting alone. I tried again with the same invitation, but he refused once again. That evening I was told the boy's name was Tommy. Then I asked the campers to pay special attention to the boy and spend time with him when they could.
The days went by and the time came when we had to leave. We held a big, warm party to celebrate the closing of the camp. All the campers shared their wonderful moments. To my surprise. 1 found the boy from under the tree dancing joyfully with two girls. I couldn't believe it was the same person.
In October of my second year, I received a phone call from Tommy's mother. She told me that Tommy was hit by a car and killed. I offered my deep sadness. The mother said: “'Tommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference for Tommy during his last months.”
At that moment, I realized how easy it was to give a bit of yourself every day. You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone else. I hope that everyone can pay attention to their own “boy under the tree”.
( ) 33.From Paragraph 4, we can infer ( 推断) that Tommy's mother was very ________ to the writer.
thankful B. helpful C. faithful D. harmful
key: 选 A。
根据“The mother said, ‘Tommy mentioned you many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference for
Tommy during his last months.’”可知汤米的妈妈是感激作者的。故选 A。
【实战演练】
(A)
“I Love My Neighborhood” Poster Contest
The “I Love My Neighborhood” Poster Contest was developed in l993．It aims to educate young students and their families about neighborhood pride and duty．Lessons and activities are provided in a teacher’s guide．Students can learn about the sources of litter and pollution prevention．
RULES
All children in primary schools are invited to submit(提交) one piece of work. The Winning posters will be reproduced and handed out throughout the neighborhood．
◆Students are encouraged to bravely use different colors and to be as creative as possible! It is up to the student and you to decide which art tool to use such as crayons. Color pencils are not advised because they do not reproduce well．
◆The topic, “I am part of my neighborhood!” must be included in the design of each poster. The Committee requires that students include their
mascot(吉祥物) in each poster.
◆All work must be on normal-sized paper for winning posters reproduction purposes. Over-sized posters will have no chance of taking part in the final competition．
◆All work submitted must be the child’s own work．Your students can be guided by you or their parents; we simply want to avoid poster not drawn by themselves．
◆Please review each poster before submitting．
Each work to be submitted must include the student’s name, grade level，your name and school name on the BACK of each poster．
For more information or questions about the 2012 “I Love My Neighborhood” Poster Contest, contact(联系) Jaixen Webb at (818) 551-6933 or jwebb@ci.glendale. ca.us．
1.We can learn from Paragraph l that the contest ______.
A．has a history of more than 20 years
B．offers kids activities organized by parents
C．aims to protect the environment by the power of art
D．hopes kids can feel proud of their neighborhood
2. The text is mainly written for ______.
A．Students B. neighborhood committees
C．teachers D．parents
Keys: D C
1.答案： D
解析：此题是典型的推理判断题。此类型的题目需要根据文章内容作出自己的判断，而不能直接从文章中找出答案。根据文章可知正好是20年，排除A,答案B应是organized by teachers. It aims to educate young students and their families about neighborhood pride and duty，所以C答案也错误。 故答案选D
2.答案： C
解析：此题是推测判断题，根据整个文章的内容可以得出，整个文章突出的是“the students should do …” All children in primary schools are invited to submit(提交) one piece of work. The Winning posters will be reproduced and handed out throughout the neighborhood．可以看出这篇文章主要是给老师写的，因为老师去组织学生实施。
(B)
Today, roller skating(滑旱冰) is easy and fun. But, before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist(存在). That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments.
One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a music party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance(隆重登场) at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates in the world. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on, suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s entrance!
难句解析
As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance(隆重登场) at the party.
结构：划线句修饰____________，译为_______________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
结构：划线句是由and引导的________句,
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
专题训练
( ) 1. The idea of roller skating didn’t exist _______.
A. until 1750 B. after 1750
C. since 1750 D. from 1750
( ) 4. Merlin stopped rolling when _______.
A. he wanted to stop
B. he run to the window
C. he ran into the mirror
D. he knocked someone
Keys: A D
句型专练
remember not to do sth.“记得不要做某事”
Eg. Remember not to worry about the things that you cannot change.
切记不要在公共场合（in public）抽烟。
stop doing sth 停止做某事，不做某事
Eg. After the boy fell asleep, she stopped telling stories.
我们应该停止浪费水，因为水十分宝贵。
if引导的条件状语从句
Eg. If you like the city, living here is a good choice.
如果你取得进步（make a progress），那么你将会得到一份礼物。
病句辨析
改错。（每题有一个错误，请找出来并改正。）
After breaking her leg， she stop to dance.
________________________________________________________________________
If you fail in the exam，you let me down.
________________________________________________________________________
语音
/str/ /spl/ /spr/ /skr/
语法
提问数量 how , how ,
too many和too much的区别 too many修饰 too much修饰
a few，few，a little，little的区别 a few修饰 表示 （肯/否定） few修饰 表示 （肯/否定） a little修饰 表示 （肯/否定） little修饰 表示 （肯/否定）
some，any的区别 some用在 句 any用在 句
a number of 和the number of的区别 a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用 数 the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用 数
写作
记得不要做某事 停止做某事
引导的条件状语从句
一、选择填空
（　　）1. —Did you sleep well last night
—Oh, no. ________ noise outside drove me mad.
A. Too much B. Much too C. Too many
（　　）2. —Is there enough orange in the bottle
—No, there is ________ left. We’d better go and buy some.
A. much B. many C. little
（　　）3. —Are there ________ people in the club
—No, there are people because it is closed.
A. too many; no B. too much; no C. too many; some
（　　）4. —Could I borrow some money
—Sorry, I don’t have ________ money with me now.
A. some B. much C. a little
（　　）5. I can’t talk to you now. I have ________ things to do.
A. no B. few C. many
（　　）6. Lily eats ________ meat because she doesn’t like it at all.
A. many B. little C. much
（　　）7. He is a man of ________ words. Can you make him speak more than one sentence
A. lots of B. few C. many
（　　）8. Mary has made ________ progress this term and she got good grades in the final exam.
A. much B. little C. a lot
（　　）9. The boy always eats ________ candies though he has a few bad teeth.
A. too few B. too many C. too much
（　　）10. —Would you like ________ potatoes
—Thanks a lot. I have had ________.
A. any； enough B. some； enough C. any； much
Keys: 1-5 ACABC, 6-10BBABA
二、语法填空
Water is very important to us. We can’t live without it. There is 1.__________ （lots of, some）water on Earth, but we can’t use 2.__________ （too much, too little）. About 97% of the Earth’s water is salty. We can use only about 1％ of the Earth’s water. It’s 3.__________ （too few, too little）. We use water from both lakes and rivers. 4.__________ （Some, Any）of the water evaporates and then becomes rain. Sometimes the Earth’s water is in the wrong place. There is 5. __________ （plenty of, little）rain in the tropics （热带地区），but it is difficult to have farms there. 6.__________ （Some, Enough）desert land is rich, but there is only 7.__________ （a little, a few）water in the desert. The water is necessary for us 8.__________ （live）and it is very 9.__________ （value）. We must save water because we can use 10.__________ （too much, too little）Earth’s water.
Keys:
1. lots of 2.too much 3.too little 4. some 5.plenty of
6.some 7.a little 8.to live 9. valuable 10.too little
三、阅读理解
When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点). Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me quickly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”
I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.
I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be helpful to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”
Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜) all your life!
( ) 1.Which of the following can we know form the passage
A. The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty.
B. The “enemy” thought the write studied hard.
C. The writer’s father gave her “enemy” a lesson.
D. The writer is grateful to her father.
Keys: D
高中★初中★小学 专业课外辅导
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