【培优讲义】第14讲 英语牛津深圳版 七年级下册 Unit 7 Poems (2)

京师教育精品小班学科辅导讲义
课程名称： 同步复习 年 级： 初一 辅导科目： 英语 课时数： 3
教师姓名： 上课日期： 上课时段：
第14讲：七下U7（2）
教学目标
音标：
了解英语单词的重音特点，掌握重音的一般规律；
在单词中，能通过读音分辨出单词重音位置；
语法：
熟记祈使句的肯定和否定句型；
掌握用祈使句表达命令或劝告的用法；
熟记感叹句的两大类基本句型；
能区分what和how用法的区别，在练习中熟练运用；
阅读：
掌握阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题思路；
学习分解文中长难句，并完成相关专题训练；
写作：
掌握以动词原形，Don’t，Let开头的祈使句，能用于翻译句子；
学会发现祈使句中的语法问题，并能准确改正；
教学重难点
重点：
掌握祈使句肯定和否定句型的结构和用法；
准确掌握感叹句中what和how的用法区别，在练习中能快速判断出来；
掌握常见词义猜测题的解题思路；
难点：
辨析感叹句中What和How的运用；
掌握词义猜测题的解题的3种方法，并且练习正确率80%以上；
判断单词重音位置；
教学方法
目标学习法
教学过程
重音
英语的每个词，至少有一个音节读得特别重而清楚，而其他的音节则轻而含糊。读得重而清楚的音节，叫做单词重音，又叫重读音节。
音标回顾
元音 20个 单元音 [i:] [ ] [ :] [a:] [ :] [u:]
[i] [e] [ ] [Λ] [ ] [u]
双元音 [ei] [ai] [ i] [au] [ u] [i ]
[ ] [u ]
辅音 28个 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ]
清辅音 [ ∫ ] [ts] [t ] [tr]
浊辅音 [ ] [dz] [d ] [dr]
*特殊：半元音[w] [j] 鼻音：[m] [n] [ ] 舌侧音 [h] [r] [l]
拼读训练
单音节 go [g ] stop [st p] beat [bi:t]
双音节 tonight [t na t] sunset [ s nset] modern [ m dn]
三音节 property[ pr p ti] importance [ m p :tns] engineer [ end n (r)]
四音节 democracy [d m kr si] automobile [ :t m bi:l] characteristic[ k r kt r st k]
慧眼识音（找出划线部分发音不同的一项）
一、选出下列单词中重音音节位置与其他不同的单词
（　　）1. A. person B. forget C. support D. remain
（　　）2. A. possible B. excellent C. prefer D. greeting
（　　）3. A. radio B. helpful C. anyone D. connect
（　　）4. A. poem B. agree C. complete D. advice
（　　）5. A. seller B. shower C. aloud D. narrow
Key：ACDAC
PK赛
找出下列单词重音位置与其他不同的单词。
( )1. poem complete agree believe
( )2. ordinary feeling order advice
( )3 aloud agree shower another
( )4 narrow seller order without
( )5 report mountain important together
Key: ADCDB
Ⅰ.祈使句
肯/否 句型 例句
肯定句 Be+名/形… Be quiet. / Be a kind man, Peter.
Let sb. V原… Let’s (Let us) go swimming this afternoon.
V原+… Stop talking. / Do it carefully.
否定句 Don’t + V原/be Don’t play on the street. / Don’t be too happy.
No + Ving No parking cars here.
1. Let型祈使句的否定有两种： 1）Don’t let sb. V原… 2）Let sb. not V原…
2.回答祈使句的时候，通常用will / won’t
—Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave the lab. 离开实验室前别忘记关灯。
—No, I won’t. 好，我不会忘记的。
【例1】________ (look) out! A car is coming.
【例2】It’s an important meeting. ________ (not be) late.
【例3】 Let’s ______ make so much noise here.
A. don’t B. no C. not
Key：1.Look 2. .Don’t do 3.C
【出招】
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子成为祈使句
1. ________ (hurry)up, or you will miss the bus.
2. ________ (not do)your homework now, Lucy. You have to go outside with me.
3. ________ (not be)worried about the scores before taking a test.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
( ) 1. _____ this kind of peach, and you will like it.
A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried
( ) 2. _____the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now.
A. Not turn on B. Don’t turn on
C. Not turn down D. Don’t turn down
( ) 3. Let’s ______play football on the street.
A. don’t B. no C. not
Key：1.Hurry 2. Don’t do 3. Don’t be
1-3 CDC
Ⅱ.感叹句
句型 例句
what What + a/an + 形 + 名单 （+ 主 + 谓）！ What an old lady the woman is!
What + 形 + 名复/不可数 （+ 主 + 谓）！ What beautiful flowers you bought!
how How + 形/副 + 主 + 谓！ How carefully the teacher works!
【例1】_____ a nice watch it is!
What How Such So
【例2】_________ delicious the dish is! （用what或how填空）
【例3】这里的空气真清新啊！（完成句子）
the air is there！
去主谓 看中心词：若是名词，则用what，若是形/副，则用how。
Key：A How How
【出招】
一．单项选择。
( )1. —Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.
— ______ excellent actor he is!（2017广东）
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
( )2. — ______ exciting the speech about “Belt and Road” was!
—Of course! It was a really great inspiration to the world. （2017泰安）
A. How B. What C. How a D. What an
( )3. —______ fine weather it is today! Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!
—Sounds great!（2017营口）
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
二．用what或how填空
1. _________ useful electricity it is!
2. _________ interesting books they are!
3. _________ delicious the dish is!
4. _________ beautiful the dress is!
5. _________ well she sings!
三．完成句子
1.多么漂亮的海珠湖！
Haizhu Lake is！
2.今天多么好的天气呀！
weather it is today！
Key：CAA
What，What，How，How，How，
How beautiful What fine
词义推测题（下）
知识回顾：这部分由老师引导学生词义猜测题上篇的提问方式，和三种答题技巧
词义推测题（上篇）提问方式
1. The underlined word “...” in the passage (most probably) means ________.
2. The underlined word in the first (second/third...) paragraph refers to ________.
3. What does the underlined word “...” mean
总结：标识词有
Key：mean，refer to
词义推测题（上篇）答题技巧
(1)通过 猜测词义
(2)通过 猜测词义
(3)通过 猜测词义
Key：(1)定义、释义 (2)同位、并列关系 (3)通过生活常识
词义推测题（下篇）答题技巧点拨：
(1)通过转折、因果、同义、反义关系和情景、逻辑猜测词义
表示意义转折的连词（如：but, however, yet, otherwise, though）出现在句中，其前后的词形成对比关系，从而猜出生词的词义
【例题1】
Though Karl's face has been washed many times, his ears still remain grubby.(推测词义)
解析：句 中 的 “Karl's face has been washed many times” 意 味 着clean，和 clean 意思相对的是 grubby 了，因此可猜出句中 grubby的意思是“脏的”。
Lisa let the hairdresser trim her hair a bit because it grew too long.（推测词义）
解析：根据 because 从句所讲的意思，我们可推测 trim 就是“修剪”之意。
(2)通过构词法猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。如：
【例题2】
The journey to Hawaii this summer is unforgettable. （推测词义）
解析：利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词 forget，我们可以知道unforgettable 就是“令人难忘的”的意思。
(3)根据列举的事例猜测词义
【例题3】
You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. （推测词义）
解析：从后面列举的例子可以猜出 periodical 是“期刊”的意思。
【实战演练】
(A)
I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as my mother sat there writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I thought that the act of writing is the coolest thing in the world.
Years later, during her final illness, my mother kept different things for my sister and my brother. “But the desk，” she said, “it's for Helen.”
Although I knew she loved me and she only showed it in action, I wanted heart to heart talks between mother and daughter. But they never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”， but she lived “on the surface”．
I had my own family later.I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she forgave me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer. It didn't come.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happened. I wasn't even sure if the letter had got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I never heard from her!
Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one page letter, folded and refolded many times.
Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
(　　)6.The writer began to love her mother's desk ________.
A．when mother gave it to her B．before she was badly ill
C．when she was a child D．after mother died
(　　)7.From the passage, we can know that the writer's mother ________.
A．was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
B．was too serious about everything her daughter had done
C．cared much about her daughter in words
D．wrote to her daughter in careful words
(　　)8.The underlined word “gulf” means “________” in Chinese.
A．理解 B．鸿沟 C．沟通 D．港湾
(　　)9.What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness
A．She had never received the letter.
B．For years, she often talked about the letter.
C．She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.
D．She read the letter again and again till she died.
(　　)10.What's the best title of the passage
A．My Letter to Mother B．Mother and Children
C．My Mother's Desk D．Talks between Mother and Me
Key: 6—10　CABDC
(B)
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China. Such a thing can be found every day although it is against international laws. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job because dangerous poisons like mercury (汞) and lead (铅) can be found in them. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. But at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.
Many places in China are polluted by e waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. This town is named as “the e waste capital of the world”．It has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e waste each year, from which it makes 75 million yuan. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e waste find their way into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and chemical water is poured into rivers. Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
The Chinese government wants the country to develop, but in a way that doesn't do harm to the environment and people's life. This year, China passed a new environmental protection law, the strictest one we have ever puter companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. This is because the companies that make computers know best how to deal with them safely. Hopefully, the problem with e waste will be solved in the near future.
难句解析
（1）It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China.
结构：划线句由________引导的 从句，it是 主语，that从句是 的主语
词组/固搭积累：ship…to…（中译英）____________ *ship在这里是动词
英译中：_______________________________________________________________
（2）Dealing with them is not an easy job because dangerous poisons like mercury (汞) and lead (铅) can be found in them.
结构：划线部分是dealing是_________（句子成分） is是_________（句子成分）
总结规律：动名词作主语，谓语用_________（单数/复数）
英译中：_______________________________________________________________
专题训练
(　　)61.The e waste found in Hong Kong last month was from ________.
A．France B．Japan C．Germany D．Australia
(　　)62.The underlined word buried probably means ________ in the passage.
A．焚烧 B．降解 C．回收 D．掩埋
(　　)63.The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province ________.
A．is the e capital of the world
B．has serious e waste pollution　　
C．deals with e waste safely
D．spends much money on e waste
(　　)64.This year, the Chinese government ________.
A．tried to change people's life
B．closed some computer companies
C．made a new environment protection law
D．asked people to hand in their old computers
(　　)65.The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the ways to deal with e waste
B．the cost of burning e waste
C．the e waste problem in China
D．the need to pass a law against e waste
Keys: BDBCC
句型专练
1. 以动词原形开头的祈使句
【例句】Open the door, Daisy. 黛西，开门。
【仿写】(汉译英)
(1)请关掉手机。
___________________________________________
(2)请说大声一点。
___________________________________________
2. 以don’t开头的祈使句
【例句】Don’t be late again. 不要再迟到了。
【仿写】(汉译英)
(1) 不要在课堂上吃东西。
___________________________________________
(2) 不要在这里吸烟。
___________________________________________
3. 以let开头的祈使句
【例句】Let’s make a million smiles! 让我们多笑一百万次吧！
【仿写】(汉译英)
(1) 让我试一试。
___________________________________________
(2) 让我来告诉你怎么做。
___________________________________________
Key:
1. （1）Turn/Switch off your phone, please.（2）Speak louder, please.
2. （1）Don’t eat in class. （2）Don’t smoke here.
3.（1）Let me have a try. （2）Let me tell you how to do it.
病句辨析
改错。（每题有一个错误，请找出来并改正。）
Let’s don’t play football on the street.
________________________________________________________________________
Opening the window, please.
________________________________________________________________________
Key: Let’s not play football on the street.
Open the window, please.
语音
1.单音节重读读音规律 2.双音节重读读音规律 3.多音节重读读音规律
语法
1.祈使句三大类型 型 型 型 感叹句两大类型 引导 What + +形容词+ +其它！ What + 形容词 + + 其它！ 引导 How + + 主语 + 谓语！ How + + 主语 + 谓语！
写作
请学生分别口头翻译以动词原形开头，don’t开头，let开头的祈使句，
一. 选出下列单词中重音音节位置与其他不同的单词
1. A. regular B. chocolate C. chopstick D. official
2. A. salad B. smelly C. distill D. survey
3. A. problem B. pollute C. popular D. pepper
二．用how或what填空
1． Jack won the first prize in the English competition. _________excellent he is!
2．_________ brave the woman is to save the boy from the danger of the earthquake!
3．_________ an exciting match it is! Wonderful players and wonderful teams!
4．_________exciting news! We will listen to the music after the exam.
5．_________ happy children!
三．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．_____________(stand) too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.
2． —Is there a No.2 bus stop near here
—Yes, there is. ________(turn) left at the second crossing, and you will find it.
3． —____________(talk). The baby is sleeping. —I’m sorry.
4． If the green light isn’t on, ________(wait) a minute.
5． —___________(be) late for school again, Tim!
—Sorry, I promise that I ________(will).
四．阅读理解
A man decided to take off early from work and go drinking. He stayed there until the bar closed at three in the morning, and he was drunk at that time. After leaving the bar, he returned home on foot. When he entered his house, he didn’t want to wake his wife, so he took off his shoes and started tiptoeing(用脚尖走) up the stairs. Halfway up the stairs, he fell down. That wouldn’t have been so bad, but he had some empty bottles in his back pockets, and they broke. The broken glass hurt his back terribly. He was so drunk that he didn’t know he was hurt. A few minutes later, when he was taking off his clothes, he noticed the blood, so he looked himself over in the mirror. He found his back was hurt terribly. He repaired the damage as best as he could and then he went to bed. The next morning his head was hurting, his back was hurting, and he was trying to think up a good story when his wife came into the bedroom. He told his wife his story. “Well, you really tied one on last night,” she said, “and where did you go ” “I worked late,” he said, “and I stopped for a cup of beer.” “A cup of beer That’s a joke,” she replied, “and you were drunk last night. Where did you go ” “What makes you so sure I got drunk last night ” “Well,” she replied, “my first big clue(线索) was when I got up this morning, I found many Band-Aids(创可贴) on the mirror.”
( ) 1. The man didn’t want to wake his wife because .
A. he loved his wife very much
B. he was afraid that he would be hurt
C. he was afraid his wife would find him drunk
D. his wife liked him doing so
( )2. How did the wife find her husband got drunk
A. She was very clever. B. She found many Band-Aids on the mirror.
C. She found some broken bottles. D. She knew her husband very well.
( )3. The underlined phrase “tied one on” may mean “ ”.
A. 摔倒 B. 躺在地上 C. 受伤 D. 喝醉
( ) 4. When did the man find himself hurt
A. When he took off his clothes to go to bed.
B. When he fell down to the ground.
C. At three o’clock in the morning.
D. When his head and back were hurting.
Key：
一．DCB
二．1.How，2.How，3.What，4. What，5. What，
三．1.Don’t stand 2.Turn 3. Don’t talk 4.wait 5.Don’t be 6.won’t
四．CBDA
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