【培优讲义】第12讲 英语牛津深圳版 七年级下册 Unit 6 Electricity (2)

京师教育一对一学科辅导讲义
课程名称： 同步复习 年 级： 初一 辅导科目： 英语 课时数： 3
教师姓名： 上课日期： 上课时段：
第12讲：七上U6（2）
教学目标
音标：
能准确划分音节辨别单音节，双音节，和多音节单词；
在单词中，能单词读音分辨出相应字母的发音；
语法：
掌握情态动词can，must，may及其否定形式的用法；
了解情态动词表示能力，请求，允许和禁止等等的用途。
阅读：
掌握阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题思路；
学习分解文中长难句，并完成相关专题训练；
写作：
掌握几个含情态动词的祈使句，能用于翻译句子；
学会发现句中问题，并准确改正；
教学重难点
重点：
掌握常见的情态动词must，may，can基本用法，能在练习中熟练运用；
准确辨析常见的情态动词must，may，can的运用，练习正确率在90%以上；
掌握常见词义猜测题的解题思路；
掌握肯定/否定祈使句型”do…”/ “do not…”，能用于翻译句子；
难点：
掌握并且辨析情态动词must，may，can的用法，在练习中熟练运用；
掌握词义猜测题的解体的6种方法，并且练习正确率80%以上；
教学方法
目标学习法
教学过程
音节
英语单词是由不同的部分组成的，这些部分被叫做音节。所有的单词有一个或者多个音节，例如：
一个音节 两个音节 三个音节 四个音节 五个音节
form coo-ker com-pu-ter su-per-mar-ket e-lec-tri-ci-ty
一个音节通常有一个元音。然而。在下列单词中粗体的辅音也是独立的音节。
little middle pencil people table uncle
学以致用
口头读一读这些单词，然后在括号中写出音节的数目。
单词 音节数 音标 单词
newspaper 3 hear 1
able 2 anyone 3
candle 2 dangerous 3
battery 3 American 4
慧眼识音
一、选出每组单词中音节数不同的一项
（　　）1. A. hear B. able C. candle D. pencil
（　　）2. A. form B. cook C. cooker D. say
（　　）3. A. newspaper B. dangerous C. computer D. supermarket
（　　）4. A. moment B. battery C. tidy D. reply
（　　）5. A. conversation B. identify C. electricity D. apologize
Key：ACDBC
先读词，再拆音。(评讲上题的练习，要求学生读词，分析音节数)
PK赛
选出每组单词中音节数不同的一项
( )1. supermarket computer delicious battery
( )2. and across air act
( )3 beauty question travel directon
( )4 surprise chemical wonderful newspaper
( )5 beginning modern pencil ago
Key: ABDAA
情态动词can，may, must的用法
语义讲解
1.【情态动词-can】
①意思
表示能力，一般译为“能；会”，即有某种能力。此处，can = be able to。
表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。
表示请求时，could 和can 不表示时态的区别，只是could的语气更加委婉。
例句：
（1）She can drive, but I can’t. 她会开车，但我不会。
（2）—Can it be Mary 会是玛丽吗？
—No, it can’t be her. She has gone to Shanghai on business.
不可能是她。她去上海出差了。
（3）—Could I use your dictionary 我可以用你的字典吗？
—Yes, you can. 可以。
②过去式：
e.g. I could do that 10 years ago.
③否定式：其否定形式是在其后面直接加______，即 =
e.g. We cannot /can’t see electricity.
④疑问句：
情态动词后接动词的______，没有人称和数的变化，______（能/不能）单独作谓语，要与后面的______共同作谓语。构成一般疑问句时，需把can 移到______。肯定回答为“Yes,主语+ ______”；否定回答为“No,主语+ ______”。
e.g. Can you think of an example Yes, I can. /No, I cannot/can’t.
2. 【情态动词-may】
①意思
表示允许，此时may可以与 互换使用。由may 引起的一般疑问句，其否定回答用: ___ ___ 或_ _____ 。
表示猜测，意思是
表示希望、祈求、祝愿时，may常译为“祝愿”，通常结构为“may+主语+动词原形+其他”。
例句：
（1） May I borrow your bike 我可以借你的自行车吗？
（2）It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。
（3）May you have a good time！祝你玩得开心！
②否定式：其否定形式是在其后面直接加______，即 =
3.【情态动词-must】
①意思
（1）意为“必须；一定”。如：
（2）must可以表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定会；肯定会”，只用于肯定句中。
例句：
Must I hand in my homework today 我今天必须交作业吗？
You mustn’t make noise in the library. 你一定不要在图书馆吵闹。
②疑问句
对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to。
例句：
—Must I return the book to him today 我今天必须把书还给他吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t（don’t have to）. 是的，必须要还。/不，你不必。
*注意：must的否定形式needn’t或者don’t have to（√），mustn’t（╳）
③否定形式
must的否定形式mustn’t意为“一定不要；千万别”或“禁止；不许”。
例句：
He won the prize in the English competition. His English must be very good.
他在英语竞赛中获奖了。他的英语一定很好。
（这里老师可一边引导学生回顾上面知识，一边引导下表，做一个小总结）
情态动词can，may，must的用法总结：
意思 过去式 否定式 肯定/否定回答
can ____________ ____________ ____________ Yes,主语+ ____________
No,主语+ ____________
may ____________ ____________ ____________ Yes,主语+ ____________
No,主语+ ____________
must ____________ ____________ ____________ Yes,主语+ ____________
No,主语+ ____________
【例题1】用can, can’t, may, must, mustn’t填空
——What __________ I do for you
——I want some bananas.
2. Tom __________ ride a bike, but he can drive a car.
3. You are ill, Tom. You __________ see a doctor.
4. Children __________ play basketball in the street.
5. ——__________ I come in
——Yes, you may. Come in, please.
6. A blind man ______ see anything.
【例题2】按要求完成下列句子
1. May I go to play football with my friends, Dad （作否定回答）
No, __________ __________ __________.
2. Daisy can repair the machine. （改为否定句）
Daisy __________ repair the machine.
3. You must do things like him. （改为否定句）
You _______________ __________ things like him.
Key：
例题1：1.can 2.can’t 3.must 4.mustn’t 5.May 6.can’t
例题2：1.you may not 2.can’t 3.can’t do/ mustn’t do
【出招】
选词填空
can　　can’t　　must　　mustn’t　　may
1. Mary __________ speak three languages.
2. __________ / __________ I smoke in this room
3. __________ you succeed!
4. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you __________ know what he likes best.
5. I __________ lift the box. It is too heavy for me.
6. Everything is clean and tidy. Someone __________ have cleaned my room.
7. He __________ come tomorrow, but I am not sure.
8. You __________ play with fire. It is dangerous.
9. —__________ it be true
—No, it __________ be true.
10. You __________ go out alone at night.
Key:
1.can 2.Can, May 3. May 4.must 5.can’t
6.must 7.may 8.mustn’t 9.can,can’t 10.must
单项选择
（　　）1. —________ I finish the work now
—No, you ________. You can finish it tomorrow.
A. May; mustn’t B. Must; needn’t C. Can; mustn’t
（　　）2. —Do I have to come back tomorrow
—Yes, you ________.
A. can B. may C. must
（　　）3. I have to practise my oral English every day because I _____speak English well.
A. may not B. shouldn’t C. can’t
（　　）4. —________ I come in, sir
—Of course, you can.
A. Must B. May C. Will
（　　）5.—Mum, ________ I play football this afternoon
—Sure, but you ________ finish your homework first.
A. may; could B. can; must C. may; can’t
Key：BCCBB
词义推测题(上)
提问方式
1. The underlined word “...” in the passage (most probably) means ________.
2. The underlined word in the first (second/third...) paragraph refers to ________.
3. What does the underlined word “...” mean
技巧点拨：
(1)通过定义、释义猜测词义
有时候，文中出现的生词，作者会通过下定义，或者通过解释说明的方法阐明其意义。这种定义或释义关系常由 is, or , that is, in other words, be called 或破折号等来表示。如：
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
解析：定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。
(2)通过同位、并列关系猜测词义
有时候，需要猜测的词语后面或前面会出现一个并列的单词，它们两者往往会有一定的联系，考生可以根据这个并列的单词来进行联想和猜测。
如：
64.The underlined word convey probably means _______in the passage.(2016 年广东)
A.掩饰 B.传递 C.克制 D.爆发
解析：根据第三段“A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what...” 和“Music and films also...” 中的also 可以推知convey 有着和tell 相似的意义，结合选项可知选B。
(3)通过生活常识猜测词义
考生有时可以联系生活常识来猜测生词，这样的生词通常会在文章中对其功能、性质有一些解释性的句子，可以帮助考生更好地进行猜测。
如：
28. The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means ________.(2016 年广州)
A. didn't move B. went back out C. washed over D. got up
解析：根据句中receded所在句子“It came in with the waves”以及“Its huge body rested on the sand.”可知浪潮退去，鲸鱼又回到了沙滩上。故 receded 应是“回到”之意。故选B。
【例题】
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job because dangerous poisons like mercury (汞) and lead (铅) can be found in them. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. But at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.(该片段选自2015广东中考真题B篇)
(　　)62.The underlined word buried probably means ________ in the passage.
A．焚烧 B．降解 C．回收 D．掩埋
Key: D　词义猜测题。由后句“It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.”可知，数百年后那些电子垃圾才有可能在土壤中彻底消失，由“in the earth”可知bury在此应是“掩埋；埋葬”之意。故选D。
【实战演练】
(A)
Guilin is my favorite city in China because of its beauty, its waterways, its cafes, and most of all because I met my wife there. It is her hometown and we will both retire there in a few years.
Not only is Guilin a fascinating city, but there are many interesting places to visit within a short drive from there.
The Ling Canal is the oldest canal in the world. It was built about 2,200 years ago and connects two major river systems, the Yangtze and the Pearl River.
The Longsheng Rice Terraces (梯田) is another man made wonder that was built around 650 years ago. I have some photos of both of these places in my China Daily Homepage Albums.
The Gudong Waterfall Park is another attraction that is worth visiting. The hike to the top of all these waterfalls isn't very difficult and if you want, you can take a ride to the bottom on a personal rail car (机动轨道车) that you control the speed with a brake.
If you want, you can also climb up some of the waterfalls with the help of chains that are placed for the convenience of amateur climbers (业余登山者)．
I have only been in Guilin during the winter and spring, but my wife tells me it gets pretty hot in the summer time. That's OK because I grew up in the Midwest of the U．S．where it gets very hot and humid during the summer months.
But in Guilin almost everything is within walking distance and if you need to go further the buses come by every 5 minutes on the busy streets and every 10—15 minutes just about everywhere else. There are plenty of taxis, too, and most trips are only 6 yuan. It's a perfect place to retire.
(　　)6.The writer likes Guilin best mainly because ________.
A．it has many water ways B．he met his wife there
C．he likes its beauty D．it has lots of cafes
(　　)7.How many man made wonders in Guilin are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One.
(　　)8.The underlined word “brake” means ________.
A．遥控 B．刹车 C．方向盘 D．油门
(　　)9.Which of the following is NOT true
A．Guilin is the writer's wife's hometown.
B．The history of the Ling Canal is three times as long as that of the Long sheng Rice Terraces.
C．It's convenient for the amateur climbers to climb up some waterfalls with the help of chains.
D．Guilin is really a good place to retire and live in.
(　　)10.What's the weather like in summer in Guilin
A．Very hot. B．Quite humid. C．Rather hot. D．A little cool.
Key: 6—10　BCBBC　
(B)
To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and power (权力)．In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high offices or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors. (选自2014广东中考真题B篇)
难句解析
It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.
结构：划线句修饰____________，译为_______________
词组积累：put up（中译英）____________ keep…off（中译英）____________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
It is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
结构：划线句修饰_______________, 译为________________________________.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
结构：划线句修饰_______________, 译为________________________________.
句型积累：not…until…（中译英）____________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
专题训练
(　　)61.Ancient people first used umbrella as ________.
A. a symbol of honor
B. protection against the sun
C. a symbol of power
D. protection against the rain
(　　)62.According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient ________.
A．Egypt B．Babylon C．Rome D．China
(　　)63.The underlined word royal might mean ________ in Chinese.
A.皇室的 B．富裕的 C．中产的 D．平民的
(　　)64.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A．The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.
B .Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages.
C. The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times.
D. The style of the umbrella hasn't changed a lot since it was invented.
(　　)65.This passage is mainly about ________.
A．the sales of the umbrella
B．the differences among umbrellas
C．the invention of the umbrella
D．the history and use of the umbrella
Keys:
本文主要介绍了伞的历史及作用。
61．B　细节理解题。由文章第一段“Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.”可知选B。
62．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.”可知选D。
63．A　词义猜测题。由文章第三段“...people such as the kings or queens”可知royal是“皇室的”之意，故选A。
64．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.”可知选C。
65．D　主旨大意题。全文围绕伞的历史及用处进行叙述，故选D。
句型专练
（肯定祈使句）Do sth....
Eg. Keep the outside of the pot dry. 保持容器外表面干燥
换灯泡(change the bulb)之前先关掉电。
(否定祈使句） Do not do sth...
Eg. Do not put your hand in the washing machine when it is on.
洗衣机工作时不要把手伸进去。
不要随处(anywhere)乱扔电池。
must/mustn’t do sth.必须/禁止做某事。
Eg. We must close the windows when the air conditioner is on.
空调开着的时候我们必须关好窗户。
我们禁止用湿手(wet hands)触碰电器(the electrical appliances)
Key:
1. Switch off the electricity before changing the bulb.
2. Do not throw batteries anywhere
3. We mustn’t touch the electrical appliances with our wet hands.
病句辨析
改错。（每题有一个错误，请找出来并改正。）
Trying to put up your hands right now.
________________________________________________________________________
This book must is your brother.
________________________________________________________________________
语音
一个音节通常有( )个元音 让学生举例有关一个音节，两个音节，三个音节的单词
语法
1.can的意思 ，否定式： 过去式： 肯定/否定回答（口头回答） 2.must的意思 ，否定式： 过去式： 肯定/否定回答（口头回答） 3.may的意思 ，否定式： 过去式： 肯定/否定回答（口头回答）
写作
肯定祈使句：____________________ 否定祈使句：___________________
必须/禁止做某事：____________________
用can/may/must填空。（可根据句意用否定形式）
Harry has been driving all day. He be tried.
It is surprising that Mr. Ma’s little daughter speak English so well.
--Is that woman your head teacher
--No, it be her. Our head teacher is in her office.
–Will Karen come to our party
--She hasn’t decided yet. She come.
--Your park here! Look at the sign; it says “No parking”
--Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now.
翻译句子。
你不准那样(like that) 跟爸爸说话。
_______________________________________________________________________
在图书馆你要保持安静。
__________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解
A little boy always thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis (小儿麻痹症) made his leg lame and his teeth bad. He seldom played with his classmates, and when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always lowered his head without a word.
One spring, the boy's father asked for some saplings (树苗) from the neighbor. He told his children to plant a sapling each person. The father said, “Whose seedling grows best, I'll buy him a favorite gift.” The boy also wanted to get his father's gift. But seeing his brothers and sisters carrying water to water the trees actively, anyhow, he had an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So after watering it once or twice, he never attended to it.
A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was surprised to find it not only didn't wilt, but also grew some fresh leaves. His father kept his promise and bought the little boy his favorite gift.
Since then, the little boy slowly became happy. One night, the little boy lay on the bed but couldn't sleep. He wanted to go to see the tree. When he came to the courtyard quietly, he found his father was watering his tree with a ladle. All of a sudden, he understood: his father had been secretly fertilizing (施肥) his small tree! He returned to his room, with tears running down his face.
Many years passed. The little boy was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
(　　)6.The little boy always ________ when the teacher asked him questions.
A．answered them
B．lowered his head and said something
C．said nothing
D．shook his head
(　　)7.What's the meaning of the underlined word “wilt” in Chinese
A．枯萎 B．生长 C．发芽 D．折断
(　　)8.Why did Roosevelt's father say “Whose seedling grows best, I'll buy him a favorite gift”？
A．Because the father loved all his children.
B．Because the father wanted to cheer Roosevelt up.
C．Because the father wanted his children to be happy.
D．Because the father wanted to take good care of Roosevelt.
(　　)9.How did Roosevelt get his favorite gift
A．By fertilizing his small tree with his father.
B．By planting more seedlings.
C．By helping his brothers and sisters.
D．By his father's fertilizing his small tree secretly.
(　　)10.From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．Roosevelt never played with his classmates
B．Roosevelt's brothers and sisters hated him
C．Roosevelt tried to make the seedling grow fresh leaves
D．Roosevelt felt his father's love deeply in the end
Keys: 6—10　CABDD
高中★初中★小学 专业课外辅导
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