SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.exhibition A．n.气氛；氛围
( )2.component B．adj.视觉的，视力的
( )3.atmosphere C．n.展出(会)，展览
( )4.figure D．n.组成部分
( )5.visual E．n.人像，人形；数字
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
B．短语匹配
( )1.be considered as A．关于；至于
( )2.let out B．发出
( )3.a series of C．被认为是
( )4.as for D．高速地
( )5.at high speed E．一系列
[答案] 1—5 CBEAD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．performance n. 表演；演出
2．classical adj. (音乐)古典的；传统的
3．stage n. 舞台；讲台；阶段
4．masterpiece n. 杰作；代表作
5．massive adj. 巨大的
6．affect vt. 影响
7．spot n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍
8．striking adj. 惊人的；显著的
9．scene n. 景色
10．reaction n. 反应
Ⅰ.语境填词
figure；exhibition；sight；masterpiece；atmosphere；visual；affect；striking；scream；component
1．We try and provide a very homely atmosphere．
2．More than seven million people have been affected by drought.
3．This is an important progress on the visual question of the computer.
4．You have to admit the models below are a real masterpiece．
5．My body figure is not perfect but in average and my appearance is OK.
6．You may be out of my sight，but never out of my mind.
7．She screamed when she bumped into me in the dark.
8．Her high nose is her most striking feature.
9．My girlfriend and I will go to the exhibition this Sunday.
10．If yes，you can use the components presented in this article.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The audience was fascinated by their superb performances (perform)．
2．If it's a legal matter you need to seek professional (profession) advice.
3．You are very talented(talent) and we admire your passion for art.
4．The murderer was apparently mentally(mental) disturbed.
5．I just felt I had been a failure(fail) in my personal life.
6．These programmes are each watched by around 19 million viewers(view) every week.
7．Mark was dragged from the burning(burn) wreckage of his car.
8．I tried shaking him but there was no reaction(react)．
1．Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window－the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon.
凡·高画了他从窗子看到的东西——有云、星星、月亮的夜空。
2．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
他对色彩的不寻常的运用使专家们认为凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。
3．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear－the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象——这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。
4．It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.
它展示了一个美丽的房子，里面有灯光，周围是黑夜。
5．As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.
至于马格利特本人，他认为画中昼夜的变化令人惊讶。
名师圈点
①Vincent van Gogh文森特·凡·高(1853年3月30日—1890年7月29日)，荷兰后印象派画家。代表作有《星空》、自画像系列、向日葵系列等。
②mentally adv.精神上；心理上
③massive adj.巨大的
④hang v．悬挂；吊；垂下
⑤beneath prep.& adv.在……(正)下方
⑥sleeping village沉睡的村庄
⑦affect vt.影响
⑧sight n．视力，视觉
⑨drug n．药物，药材
⑩spot n．(圆)点；斑点；污渍
unique adj.独特的；独一无二的
failure n．失败的事；失败
striking adj.惊人的；显著的
figure n．人物，人形；数字
expression n．表情
let out a scream发出尖叫声
stormy adj.暴风雨的
burning adj.燃烧着的
orange red橘红色
as red as blood像血一样红
a series of一系列
René Magritte
勒内·马格利特，比利时超现实主义画家。对波普艺术的影响十分重大。作品有《戴圆顶硬礼帽的男子》、《夜的意味》、《袭击》、《白纸委任状》等。
scene n．景色
mysterious adj.神秘的；难以解释的
visual adj.视觉的，视力的
challenge vt.激发，激励；质疑；挑战
reaction n．反应
poetry n．诗歌；诗集
原文呈现
MASTERPIECES
The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh① was staying at a home for the mentally② ill.Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon[1]. However，he didn't just paint the clouds.He also painted the massive③ circles of white and yellow racing across the sky.The stars and the moon hang④ bright in the night sky.Beneath⑤ this amazing sky，we see a sleeping village⑥ and a dark，lonely tree.
[1]what引导宾语从句，作painted的宾语；what在从句中作saw的宾语。
His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑦ his sense of sight⑧.He also took a drug⑨ that can make people see yellow spots⑩，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
Unfortunately，Van Gogh's unique paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime.He also thought The Starry Night was a failure .However，the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous paintings.[2]
[2]that引导表语从句。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream .The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer.This figure is set on a bridge above a dark，stormy sea，and against a burning orange red sky.
In his diary，Munch talked about what inspired him.“I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set；suddenly the sky turned as red as blood ...I stood there shaking.Then I heard the scream of nature.”
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems，which caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is a series of paintings by Belgian artist René Magritte.Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times.It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.[3] It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
[3]what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas.His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality.His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling.Others，however，find them calming.As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.“I call this power poetry，”he said.
译文参考
杰作
《星空》是1889年6月文森特·凡·高住在精神病医院时创作的。凡·高画了他从窗子看到的东西——有云、星星、月亮的夜空。但他不仅画了云，还画了白色和黄色的巨大圆圈在天空中飞驰。星星和月亮明亮地挂在夜空中。在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
他对色彩的不寻常的运用使专家们认为凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物，就像《星空》中的星星一样。
不幸的是，凡·高的独特画作并不很受欢迎，他一生只卖出过一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败之作。然而，事实上《星空》现在是世界上最著名的绘画之一。
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象——这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。这个人物捂住耳朵，直视观众。这个人站在一座桥上，下面是黑暗的、波涛汹涌的大海，背后是火一样橘红色的天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上；天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖。然后我听到了大自然的尖叫。”
许多专家说《呐喊》与蒙克的精神健康问题有关，这给他带来了很大的痛苦。
《灯之王国》是比利时艺术家勒内·马格利特的一系列画作。从1953年到1954年，他画了27次同样的场景。它展示了一个美丽的房子，里面有灯光，周围是黑夜。奇怪的是，在房子和树的上方，我们看到的是亮如白昼的天空和柔软的白云。这似乎是一个相当神秘的场景。
马格利特是一位受到思想和观念启发的画家。当他试图玩弄现实时，他的画是视觉实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众，挑战他们对现实的认知。
《灯之王国》在观众中产生了不同的反应。有些人觉得这些画看起来黑暗而令人不安。然而，其他人却发现他们很平静。至于马格利特本人，他认为画中昼夜的变化令人惊讶。“我称这种力量为诗歌，”他说。
速读P8－9教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Van Gogh painted The Starry Night at his own home.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Some experts think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The Scream shows a fat figure with an expression of fear.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The Empire of Light is not only a painting.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Viewers all admire The Empire of Light painted by Magritte.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BABAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear
B．What is strange
C．which caused him a lot of pain
D．that can make people see yellow spots
E．what he saw from his window
1．Van Gogh painted —the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon.
2．Van Gogh also took a drug ，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
3．What makes The Scream striking is ．
4．The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems， ．
5． is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
[答案] 1—5 EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
The Starry Night The Scream The Empire of Light
Painter 1.Vincent van Gogh Edvard Munch 2. RenéMagritte
What may have inspired the painter？ Van Gogh's 3.mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.He also took a drug that can make people see 4.yellow spots. He 5.was walking down the road when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood.Then he heard the scream of 6．nature． He was inspired by his 7．thoughts and ideas.
Opinions about the painting？ He thought it was 8.a failure． The painting is connected to his mental healthproblems, which caused him much 9.pain. He thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was 10．surprising.
细读P8－9教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Paras.1～3 A．The Empire of Light
2．Paras.4～6 B．The Starry Night
3．Paras.7～9 C．The Scream
[答案] 1－3 BCA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which is not included in The Starry Night
A．The window. B．A dark lonely tree.
C．A sleeping village. D．The moon.
2．Why there are yellow spots in The Starry Night
A．Because Van Gogh had mental illness.
B．Because Van Gogh used colour unusually.
C．Because Van Gogh took a drug.
D．Because there was a moon in the sky.
3．What did Edvard Munch want to show in The Scream
A．Blood. B．An expression of fear.
C．Viewer. D．Mental problems.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOT true
A．The Starry Night is the earliest among the paintings mentioned in the passage.
B．Magritte thought his painting was surprising.
C．The Empire of Light is an important painting.
D．Magritte wanted to shock the viewers by his paintings.
5. The three paintings have something in common.What is it
A．They are all about nature.
B．They all caused different reactions in viewers.
C．They all show the sky and use the colour of black.
D．They all have something to do with the mental health problems of the painters.
[答案] 1—5 ACBCC
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述景色的语句。
1．Beneath this amazing sky，we see a sleeping village and a dark，lonely tree.
2．This figure is set on a bridge above a dark，stormy sea，and against a burning orange red sky.
3．It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述景色的语句。
1．He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
2．What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
3．His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality.
[答案] 1，3
1．perform vt.& vi.履行；执行；演出；表演；工作，运转→performer n．表演者；演奏者；演员→performance n．表演；演出
2．talent n．才能；天才；天资；天赋→talented adj.有才能的；有天资的
3．mental adj.精神的；精神状态的→mentally adv.精神上；心理上
4．fail vi.失败；未能做；不及格→failure n．失败的事；失败
5．react vi.反应；回应→reaction n．反应
figure n．人像，人形；数字；身材；人物
①These figures indicate why the Negroes live in such deep poverty.
数字
②She had an excellent figure and walked with an air. 身材
③Mclean has become a figure known to everyone so far. 人物
Words and Phrases
performance n．表演；演出；表现
(教材P6) dance/band performances
舞蹈/乐队演出
[例1] That study looked into the performances of 18 surgeons.
那项研究调查了18名外科医生的工作表现。
[例2] The Festival of Asian Arts & Music will include two days of live performances.
亚洲艺术音乐节将安排两天的现场表演。
[造句] 绝不容许个人问题影响你的表现。
You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.
[知识拓展]
(1)give/put on a performance 演出
(2)perform v. 表演；执行
perform one's promise 履行诺言
perform an operation/a play/an experiment
进行手术/演一场戏/做实验
(3)performer n. 表演者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The teacher was very pleased with the performance(perform) of the children.
②Alex and Andy performed(perform) skillfully and they won the first prize.
③She was the only performer(perform) and I was the only audience.
talented adj.有才能的；有天资的
(教材P6)They are all very talented.
他们都非常有才能。
[例1] People wanted to know who this talented designer was.
人们想知道这位天才设计师是谁。
[例2] Talented as he is，he is not yet ready to turn professional.
别看他有天分，他还没把心用到专业上去。
[造句] 你是个很有天赋的女孩，我一直以来都以你为荣。
You are such a talented girl and I have always been proud of you.
[知识拓展]
(1)talent n． 天才；天赋
have/show a talent for 有/显示……的天赋
(2)gifted adj. 有天赋的；天才的
be gifted/talented in＝have a gift/talent for
对……有天赋；有……天赋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As a youth he had been discovered a talented(talent) teacher.
②My father has a gift for playing the piano，which has a great influence on us.
[小片段助记]
The talented singer gave us an excellent performance last night.She showed a talent for singing at her young age.How I wish I could be talented in singing as well.
spot n．(圆)点；斑点；污渍；地点，现场vt.发现；认出
(教材P8) He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots，just like the stars in The Starry Night.
他还服用了一种能让人看到黄色斑点的药物，就像《星空》中的星星一样。
[例1] She was wearing a black skirt with white spots.
她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。
[例2] His jacket was covered with spots of mud.
他的上衣满是泥点。
[造句] 他们在岛上最著名的几处旅游景点作了停留。
They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots.
[知识拓展]
(1)spot sb.(doing sth.) 发现某人(在做某事)
be spotted with 散布；点缀
(2)on the spot 当场；在现场
put sb.on the spot 为难某人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The desks in the classroom were all spotted with ink.
②The police spotted him driving(drive) a stolen car.
③This will put him on the spot and will not do anything to improve your chances.
figure n．人物；名人；数字；身材；虚拟形象v.估计；理解；认为；(以重要地位)出现；打算
(教材P9)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear...
这幅画最显著的特征是，它展示了一个带有恐惧表情的瘦弱的人物形象……
[例1] Experts put the real figure at closer to 75%.
专家们估计真实的数字较接近于75%。
[例2] I figured (that) if I took the night train，I could be in Scotland by morning.
我认为，如果我坐晚上那班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。
[造句] 大多数人都熟悉京剧中的这一人物。
Most people are familiar with this figure from Beijing Opera.
[知识拓展]
(1)figure out 弄明白；计算出
figure on 指望；估计到
figure sth.in 将某物包括/计算在内
(2)keep one's figure 保持身材
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How does she manage to keep her (she) figure when she eats so much
②How do you figure out what you want to see
③We figure on your coming (come) early to help us.
let out放出；发出(叫喊等)；放宽，放大(衣服等)；泄露
(教材P9)...the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
……这个人张大嘴巴，发出有力的呐喊。
[例1] When she saw him，she let out a cry of horror.
她看见他时吓得大叫一声。
[例2] Jenny was careless to let out the secret.
珍妮不小心泄露了秘密。
[造句] 我准备让人把这条裙子加大。
I'm going to have this skirt let out.
[知识拓展]
let down 使失望
let alone 更不用说，更别提
let in 让……进来，放进
let go of 放开，释放；松手
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Open the window and let some fresh air in．
②We don't know their names；let alone make a phone call to them.
③I don't want to let parents down．
scene n．景色；场景；(戏剧)一场；现场；事发地点
(教材P9)Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times.
从1953年到1954年，他画了27次同样的场景。
[例1] The scene was astonishing to me，to every one standing by.
这情景使我和每一位旁观者都很惊诧。
[例2] Mary was only in one scene of the play，but she stole the show from the stars.
玛丽只演了一幕戏，但她抢尽了其他演员的镜头。
[造句] 警方赶到了凶杀现场。
The police arrived at the scene of the murder.
[知识拓展]
on the scene 在现场；当场
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 当场；登场
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A reporter on the scene covered the event.
②The leading player is ill.Let his understudy appear on the scene.
challenge n．挑战v.挑战；激发，激励；质疑
(教材P9)His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
他认为艺术应该震撼观众，挑战他们对现实的认知。
[例1] Schools must meet the challenge of new technology.
学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。
[例2] She does not like anyone challenging her authority.
她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
[造句] 我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。
I like the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.
[知识拓展]
(1)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事
beyond challenge 无与伦比，无可非议
face/meet the challenge of... 面对/迎接……的 挑战
(2)challenging adj. 有挑战性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We're going to challenge them to another football match.
②He challenged me to show(show) my proof.
③I'd like to find a job which is more challenging(challenge)．
reaction n．反应
(教材P9) The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.
《灯之王国》在观众中产生了不同的反应。
[例1] The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.
这个决定引起了当地居民的愤怒抗议。
[例2] This is the reaction of power of the sun.
这是太阳能量的反应。
[造句] 他有点害怕父亲的反应。
He was a little bit afraid of his father's reaction.
[知识拓展]
react vi. 起反应，回应
react on (upon) ... 对……起作用，对……有影响
react against 反抗，反对
react to... 对……作出反应
react with... 与……起反应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wish.
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
③How did he react to your suggestion
Sentence Patterns
not...but...句型
(教材P7) Art is not what you see，but what you make others see.
艺术不是你看到什么，而是你让其他人看到什么。
[句式分析]
句中的not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，连接并列的表语。
[例1] The meal is not for one，but for all to enjoy.
这顿饭不是为一个人所做，而是供所有人享用。
[例2] You should pay attention not to what they say but what they do.
你不应该注重他们说什么，而应该注重他们做什么。
[造句] 他不是丑，而是有点奇怪。
He is not ugly，but a bit strange.
[知识拓展]
not...but...可以连接并列的主语、宾语或表语；连接并列主语时，谓语的数适用于就近原则。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She wants to buy not a skirt，but a dress.
②Not you but your father is (be) to blame.
现在分词作伴随状语
(教材P9) I stood there shaking．
我站在那里颤抖。
[句式分析]
[例1] The dog entered the room，following the boy.
这条狗跟着男孩进了屋。
[例2] Please make a sentence using this word.
请用这个词造个句子。
[造句] 六个盲人站在那讨饭。
Six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
[知识拓展]
(1)分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
(2)分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则用现在分词的完成式；当所表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，则用现在分词的一般式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Walking(walk) or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind.
②Hearing(hear) the news，they all jumped with joy.
③Having eaten(eat) his dinner，the boy rushed out.
What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
[分析] What is strange是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句。
[翻译] 奇怪的是，在房子和树的上方，我们看到的是亮如白昼的天空和柔软的白云。
教材 高考
1.dance/bandperformances (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.
2.They are all very talented. (2020·天津卷)I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
3.He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night. (2020·浙江卷)A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.
4.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear... (2020·天津卷)Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Walking(walk) slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
2．Not you but I am(be) responsible for it.
3．I never know him，let alone his family.
4．I wish you and your lovers all the best in the challenging(challenge) future.
5．What was his reaction to the news
6．We feel honored to be on the scene while all this is happening.
7．All people like to be successful but afraid of failure(fail)．
8．A soldier then spotted him trying(try) to escape and shot him dead.
9．We must figure out how to solve the problem.
10．She is very creative (create)—she writes poetry and articles.
Ⅱ.短语填空
on the spot；figure out；let out；react to；be talented in；a series of
1．It is not because I am talented in singing nor I am deserved.
2．Two of the robbers were killed on the spot．
3．There is a series of science and technology on the desk.
4．I figured out this problem without any effort.
5．The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces.
6．The president reacted to the comments on a television talk show.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In June 1889，Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night at a home for the 1.mentally (mental)ill，which shows the night sky 2.with circles of white and yellow.Some experts think Van Gogh's mental illness may have an effect 3.on his sense of sight.Nowadays，the painting is one of the world's most famous 4.paintings(painting)．
Edvard painted The Scream in 1893.It is 5.striking(strike) that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear，6.whose mouth is letting out a 7.powerful(power) scream.
The Empire of Light was painted by René Magritte between 1953 and 1954，who was a painter 8.inspired(inspire) by his thoughts and ideas.The painting shows a beautiful house lit by lights，surrounded by the darkness of night.Different people show different 9.reactions(react) to the paintings.Some think they look dark and 10.troubling(trouble) but others find them calming.
名词性从句
[观察例句]
1．What he wants to tell us is not clear.
2．It is known to us how he became a writer.
3．He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
4．This is where our problem lies.
[归纳用法]
一、名词性从句的引导词
连接词：that、 if、 whether
连接代词：who、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever、how much、how many
连接副词： when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how often
二、主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
What we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
谁将赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ that从句
(2)It ＋ be ＋ 形容词 ＋ that从句
(3)It ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词 ＋ that从句
(4)It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ that 从句
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The father and son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat whatever food they could find there.
②It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
三、宾语从句
名词性从句中作句子宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1．由连接词that引导的宾语从句
当连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
[名师点津]
在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2．who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3．whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不能用if：
①引导主语从句并在句首时；
②引导表语从句时；
③引导从句作介词宾语时；
④从句后有“or not”时；
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The trouble is whether he can come on time.
问题是他是否能按时来。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not.
我想知道他来还是不来。
4．在think，believe，imagine，suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don't think you are here.
我们认为你不在这儿。
I don't believe he will do so.
我相信他不会这样做。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①I asked him what his father had done so that he became such a good person.
②Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ that从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That's just what I want.
那正是我想要的。
[名师点津]
当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是今天早上晚了一分钟没赶上火车。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
①这就是我们认为更容易放弃的地方。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
②对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That the storm will continue makes the public worried.
2．Who will be in charge of the company remains a mystery.
3．What makes the book so special is the name of the writer.
4．He was late for work today.That was because his car broke down on the way.
5．That is why he loved her more than us.
6．I'm not sure who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
7．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
8．I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
9．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's where I was born.”
10．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
There was an accident on the corner of the street this morning.No witness saw 1.what on earth happened then.A car crashed into a truck but luckily no one got 2.injured(injure).3.Who will be responsible for the accident is still under 4.investigation(investigate)．The police are uncertain about the cause that led to the accident.The truck driver looked as if he was 5.guilty(guilt)．He was too nervous to say a word.6.What the police would do is to figure out the truth.They said it was difficult for them to judge 7.who should be to blame.8.How this happened was still not clear.It was certain 9.that the car driver was too tired to stop the car.The car driver didn't admit the fact that he was over speeding at the crossroads.The police doubted 10.whether what he said was true.
PAGE
20Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.master A．n.奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
( )2.pattern B．adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很
重要的
( )3.complex C．vt.标志着；预示 n．标识
( )4.aspect D．n.图案；花样，式样
( )5.struggle E．vt.掌握，精通 n．大师；主人
( )6.charge F．adv.否则；要不然
( )7.signal G．n.方面
( )8.broad H．adj.复杂的
( )9.minor I．adj.宽阔的；广博的
( )10.otherwise J．n.主管；负责
[答案] 1—5 EDHGA 6—10 JCIBF
B．短语匹配
( )1.refer to A．毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
( )2.be regarded as B．放弃
( )3.not hesitate to do sth.
C．提到
( )4.broad smile D．被认为，被看作
( )5.give up E．满面的笑容
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．perform vi.&vt. 表演；演出
2．emotion n. 情感
3．complex adj. 复杂的
4．proceed vi. 继续；进行
5．genius n. 天才
6．compose vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作
7．respond vi.&vt. 回应，回复
8．conductor n. 指挥
9．joyous adj. 欢乐的，令人愉快的
10．backstage adj. 后台的；(在)幕后(的)
Ⅰ.语境填词
signal；regard；complex；emotion；charge；aspect；master；tense；pattern；broad
1．They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
2．French was a language he had never mastered．
3．The shirts were printed with a paisley pattern．
4．I spent a few tense weeks waiting for the results of the test.
5．This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.
6．She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect．
7．He is regarded as the most successful writer of modern times.
8．His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
9．This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
10．He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She made no reference(refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
2．They made an emotional (emotion) appeal for help.
3．The committee includes representatives(represent) from industry.
4．Beethoven's music inspired me to be a composer(compose)．
5．I received an encouraging response(respond) to my advertisement.
6．Who is the conductor(conduct) of tonight's concert
7．The great majority of players would，of course，sign the contract without hesitation(hesitate)．
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.
20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。
2．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera!
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
3．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score.
一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。
5．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
名师圈点
①composer n．作曲家
compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作
②be regarded as被认为，被看作
③in one's twenties在某人二十多岁时
④be famous for因……而出名
⑤give up放弃
⑥struggle n．奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
⑦including v．包含；包括
⑧symphony n．交响乐
⑨musical adj.音乐的
⑩work n．著作
Vienna维也纳，位于多瑙河畔，奥地利首都及最大城市，是欧洲主要的文化中心，被誉为“世界音乐之都”。
add...to...增添……到……
sign vt.签字；署名
respond vi.& vt. 回应，回复
response n．反应；回应
backstage adj.后台的；(在)幕后(的)
atmosphere n．气氛；氛围
tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
disaster n．灾难
after all毕竟
in all总共；总计
above all最重要的是
orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队
genius n．天才
not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
director n．指挥
take charge of主管；负责
skillfully adv.熟练地
joyous adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
signal vt.标志着；预示n.标识
surprise n．令人吃惊的事/物
as well也；还
原文呈现
A MUSICAL GENIUS
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer①.He is regarded as② one of the greatest composers in the history of music.In his twenties③，he had been very famous for④ his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.Beethoven thought about giving up⑤，but in the end he continued to write music.Inspired by his struggles⑥ with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including⑦ nine symphonies⑧，five piano pieces，and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，writing more than 130 musical⑨works⑩，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor[1]．
[1]writing...是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
One day in February 1824，at his little house in Vienna ，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed.Writing the piece had taken several years，and now the final notes had been added to the score.[2] At 54 years of age，he didn't know that this would be his last symphony.As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
[2]Writing the piece是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
Before the performance，the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense .Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster .After all ，what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra —even if he is a musical genius
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score[3]. The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[3]句中的waving...和turning...是现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语。
As the final，joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，the audience jumped to their feet，clapping，cheering and waving their hats.But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.[4]
[4]本句是一个强调句，强调until从句。
Later，Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.“The audience was shocked as well，”she said with a broad smile.“Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.”
译文参考
音乐天才
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家。他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！他继续创作，直到1827年去世，创作了130多部音乐作品，其中包括这首D小调第九交响曲。
1824年2月的一天，在他位于奥地利维也纳的小房子里，路德维希·凡·贝多芬坐在椅子上笑了。这位德国著名作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。写这首曲子花了好几年的时间，现在总谱上又加上了最后的注解。54岁时，他不知道这将是他最后一首交响乐。当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
演出之前，维也纳一家非常著名的剧院的后台气氛很紧张。贝多芬担心这场演出会成为一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不见管弦乐队的指挥有什么用——即使他是个音乐天才？
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。整个过程中，奥姆洛夫静静地站在他身边，熟练地指导乐队演奏世界上最美妙的音乐。
随着欢快的结尾音符标志着交响乐的结束，观众们激动地站起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
后来，卡洛琳想起贝多芬并不是唯一得到惊喜的人。“观众也很震惊，”她笑着说。“他们大多数人都不知道他耳聋了！房间里唯一一个听不到交响乐的人——永远也听不到——正是他创作了交响乐。”
速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his thirties.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Beethoven composed his ninth symphony in Germany.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Beethoven，Michael Umlauf and other two men took charge of the orchestra，and madly turning the pages of his score.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The audience could hear the symphony except Beethoven.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BBABA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．Writing the piece had taken several years
B．guiding the orchestra
C．waving his arms wildly in the air
D．writing more than 130 musical works
E．including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera
1．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，________！
2．He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，______，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
3．________，and now the final notes had been added to the score.
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，________．
5．The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully________through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[答案] 1—5 EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Beethoven
General introduction Beethoven was born in 1.Germany．He was remembered as a great 2.composer in the history of music.★His problem: In his 3.twenties, he lost his hearing.★His achievements: In all his lifetime, he wrote 4.more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
The performance of his last symphony ★Before：The 5.backstage atmosphere was tense.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a 6.failure/disaster because he couldn't hear his orchestra.★During: The orchestra was in the 7.charge of Michael Umlauf and Beethoven.For over an hour, Beethoven jumped, 8.waved his arms wildly and
madly turned the pages of his score.Umlauf stood 9.quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra.★In the end: The audience jumped to their feet, clapping, 10.cheering and waving their hats happily.Beethoven's symphony turned out to be a success.
细读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para. 1 A．After the first performance
2．Para. 2 B．During the first performance
3．Para. 3 C．Before the first performance
4．Para. 4 D．Composing of Symphony No.9
5．Para. 5 E．General introduction of
Beethoven
6．Para. 6 F．Final thought：a musical genius
in a silent world
[答案] 1－6 EDCBAF
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which one is NOT true
A．Beethoven was a German composer.
B．In his twenties，he began to lose his hearing.
C．Beethoven composed nine symphonies before he lost his hearing.
D．Beethoven produced an opera after he lost his hearing.
2．Where did Beethoven finish his ninth symphony
A．In Germany. B．In Austria.
C．In a theatre. D．In his big house.
3．How old was Beethoven when he died in 1827
A．54. B．57.
C．84. D．65.
4．Beethoven took charge of the orchestra with ．
A．Caroline B．two men
C．Umlauf D．not mentioned
[答案] 1－4 CBBC
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述个人身份的语句。
1．Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer.
2．The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
3．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience...
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述个人身份的语句。
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano.
2．At his little house in Vienna，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.
3．Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.
[答案] 1，2，3
1．refer v．提到；谈到→reference n．提及；参考；查阅
2．conduct v．执行，引导→conductor n．指挥
3．compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作→composer n．作曲家
4．respond vi.&vt.回应，回复→response n．回答；回应
5．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫
1．refer to查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，把……委托给，指的是；提交
①Don't refer to that matter again，please. 提到
②If you want to know his telephone number，you may refer to the telephone directory. 查阅
③I was not referring to her when I said so. 指的是
④The case referred to has been presented to the supreme law court.
相关
⑤The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.
把……委托给
2．charge n．&v.主管；充电；控告；要价，收费
①Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires. 主管
②The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the lunch. 要价
③The young man was charged with stealing. 控告
④The battery must be charged before use. 充电
Words and Phrases
refer to提到；指；涉及；提及；适用；称作；移交
(教材P13)Logical relationships usually refer to the inner relationships between/among things，like between causes and effects.
逻辑关系通常指事物间的内在关系，如因果关系。
[例1] Please refer to the right hand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。
[例2] That remark does not refer to her.
那句话不是指的她。
[造句] 研究这个例子并参考下面的解释。
Study the example and refer to the explanation below.
[知识拓展]
(1)refer sb./sth.to sb./sth. 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助
等)；归功于/归咎于
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提到；参考；查阅；查询
reference books 参考书
make reference to 提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My doctor referred me to a specialist.
②This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
③There is no direct reference(refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
regard vt.认为；看作
(教材P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
[例1] She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.
人们普遍认为她自然是现任领导的接班人。
[例2] Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
现在我们仍把他看作我们的好朋友之一。
[造句] 我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.
[知识拓展]
(1)in/with regard to... 关于……
as regards 关于，至于
in this regard 关于此事，在这方面
regard...as... 认为……是……
(2)regarding prep. 关于；至于
(3)regardless of 不管，不顾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In regard to his work，we have no complaints.
②The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
③I have no advice for you regarding(regard) that problem.
give up放弃
(教材P14)Beethoven thought about giving up，but in the end he continued to write music.
贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。
[例1] She gave up her job to join her husband's campaign.
她辞去工作，加入到丈夫的宣传活动中。
[例2] You are here at last！We had given you up.
你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。
[造句] 到现在，我设法戒烟已快两年了。
I've been trying to give up smoking for two years now.
[知识拓展]
give in 投降，让步
give away 分发；泄露；赠送
give back 归还
give out 分发，散发
give off 放出，发出
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He gave away all his money to the poor.
②After a month their food supplies gave out．
③The enemy were at last forced to give in．
struggle n．斗争；拼搏；努力v.奋斗；抗争；挣扎
(教材P14)Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies...
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐……
[例1] I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.
我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。
[例2] The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
[造句] 他同癌症抗争了两年。
He struggled against cancer for two years.
[知识拓展]
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle against/with 同……作斗争
struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is struggling to support(support) his family alone.
②James struggled against/with burglars and frightened them away.
③Millions of people are struggling for life with high prices.
respond vi.反应；回复；回答
(教材P14)...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
……贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
[例1] How did they respond to the news
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
[例2] I greeted him but he didn't respond.
我跟他打招呼，但他没搭理我。
[造句] 你有几种方法可以回答这些无礼的问题。
You have several ways to respond to these rude questions.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond to 回答；对……作出反应；(对治疗
等)有良好反应
(2)response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应
in response to 作为……的回应
make response to 对……作出回答
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The patient did not respond to treatment.
②She made no response to my letter.
③He always takes the lead in response(respond) to the government's call.
hesitate v．犹豫；迟疑；踌躇
(教材P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。
[例1] I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
[例2] Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。
[造句] 她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。
She hesitated for a long time and then she said “Yes”．
[知识拓展]
(1)hesitate about/in/over/at... 对……犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑于做某事
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation 毫不迟疑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He did not hesitate for a minute to save(save) the drowning child.
②I hesitated about taking (take) his side until I knew the whole story.
③Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
④I hesitate to spend(spend) so much money on clothes.
charge vt.收费，要价；指控n.负责；主管
(教材P15)The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
[例1] She is in charge of the day to day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
[例2] What did they charge for the repairs
他们收了多少修理费？
[造句] 有数人被捕，但均未受到指控。
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.
[知识拓展]
charge sb.money for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而收某人的钱
charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.
因……指控某人
in charge of 负责，掌管某事
in the charge of... 被人负责，掌管
take charge of 接管，控制
free of charge 免费的(地)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①John will take charge of the next meeting.
②The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
③Recently some officials have been charged with a lot of crimes.
[小片段助记]
The man was charged with abusing his power when he was in charge of the company.He sent the products to the villagers free of charge.
represent vt.代表；表现；描绘
(教材P105)Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions，like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
京剧中简单的动作往往代表更复杂的动作，如骑马或划船。
[例1] The president was represented at the ceremony by the vice president.
副总统代表总统出席了这次庆典。
[例2] This is why I prefer to find a way to represent them，not to tell them.
这就是我为什么不说这些事情，而是通过另一种方式来表现它们。
[造句] 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
[知识拓展]
(1)represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent sb.to be/as 宣称某人为/是……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
(2)representative n. 代表；代表他人者
adj. 典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This kind of medical treatment represents(represent) a significant advance in the field of cancer research.
②He represented himself as a philosopher.
③I couldn't be present myself，but I had sent my representative(represent) to the meeting.
Sentence Patterns
wish从句虚拟语气
(教材P13) I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多的了解它们。
[句式分析]
[例1] I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
[例2] —Beautiful day，isn't it
—Yes，I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天气真好，不是吗？
——是的，我真希望我们今天能到海边。
[造句] 我希望我长得更漂亮些。
I wish I were more beautiful.
[知识拓展]
(1)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋从句主语＋would(could，might)＋动词原形；
(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋动词过去式；
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋would/could have/had＋过去分词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I wish I knew(know) his address.
②I wish you had come(come) to my birthday party yesterday.
独立主格结构
(教材P15) But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score．
但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。
[句式分析]
在本句中，“his head buried in the score”是独立主格结构，用作伴随状语，转换成句子应为“and his head was buried in the score”。
[例1] The task well finished，we were given a prize.
任务圆满完成，我们被嘉奖。
[例2] He came into the classroom，book in hand.
他手里拿着书走进教室。
[造句] 老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed．
[知识拓展]
动词 ing形式作状语时，有时也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成；不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Time permitting(permit)，we can wander around the park.
②The trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 metres.
③The problem solved(solve)，the governor felt relaxed.
④So much baggage to carry(carry), I had to take a taxi.
until的强调句式
(教材P15)It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
[句式分析]
本句是一个“It＋be＋强调部分＋that...”结构的强调句，强调until从句。
[例1] It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。
[例2] It was not until I saw Margaret next morning，however，that I felt happy.
直到我第二天早晨见到玛格丽特，我才感到高兴。
[造句] 直到老师告诉他，他才意识到自己的错误。
It was not until the teacher told him that he realised his mistake.
[知识拓展]
(1)强调句中对until从句进行强调，not一并提前。
(2) 当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not until the teacher came in did (do) the students stop talking.
②It was not until his wife left that he came.
教材 高考
1.He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. (2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places.
2.Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces... (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.
3.The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through.
4.Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions, like riding a horse or rowing a boat. (2020·江苏卷)For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past—age old castles, splendid homes...and red phone boxes.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
2．How I wish I had been(be) able to say the rules without a mistake at that time.
3．My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence.
4．To my great delight，she gave it to me without any hesitation(hesitate)．
5．We waved to him but there was no response(respond)．
6．The workers struggled for better pay and better conditions.
7．Health should be regarded as the treasure of society.
8．He named one of us his representative(represent) at the meeting.
9．He usually refers to me for information about the thief.
10．The mother gave in and bought a toy for her daughter.
Ⅱ.短语填空
refer to；respond to；give up；take charge of；hesitate to do；after all；as well
1. After all he is still a schoolboy.
2．Don't hesitate to make comments or suggestions if you have any.
3．China is a socialist country，and a developing country as well．
4．She responded to my letter with a phone call.
5．He gave up his studies and went on the stage.
6．The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone abroad.
7．A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven was regarded as one of the 1.greatest(great) composers in the history of music.In his 2.twenties(twenty)，he began to lose his hearing，but he didn't give up and produced some 3.amazing(amaze) pieces，4.including(include) nine symphonies.5.Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster.
The audience had no 6.hesitation(hesitate) to applaud as Beethoven walked out onto the stage.He and Michael Umlauf took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，he waved his arms 7.wildly(wild)and madly turned the pages of his score.As the joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，all the audience jumped to their feet.But Beethoven continued conducting 8.until Caroline Unger took his arm and 9.turned(turn) him to face the audience.Caroline said most of the audience had no idea 10.that Beethoven was deaf.Only Beethoven who composed it couldn't hear the symphony.
构词法
[观察例句]
1．We will try our best to better our living conditions.
2．Thousands of Victorian workers joined educational associations in an attempt to better themselves.
3．At the time，what he'd done had seemed reasonable.
4．Was there a difference of opinion over what to do with the Nobel Prize money
5．You can't tell if it's a man or a woman from handwriting.
[归纳用法]
一、转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1．动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。如：
Let's go out for a walk.
我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.
他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.
咱们游泳吧。
2．名词转化为动词
①很多表示事物，如：
Did you book a seat on the plane
你订好飞机座位了吗？
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.
请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作。如：
She nursed her husband back to health.
她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.
我们在一起吃了午餐。
3．形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
The work he produced early in his career has never really been bettered.
他后来没出过什么作品能真正比得上他的早期作品。
4．副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.
(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5．形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬礼上该穿黑色衣服。
②某些形容词如：old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact，it must have a hard struggle to get its freedom (free) from the cocoon.
②Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for tasty (taste) beef，soup and noodles.
二、截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1．截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2．去尾
mathematics→maths
co operate→co op
examination→exam
3．截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
三、混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
四、首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)贵宾；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL(读单词音)托福
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The soldier died for saving the child，so his death(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.
2．To everyone's satisfaction(satisfy)，the girl finished the job quite well.
3．No one should enter the spot without the permission(permit) of the police.
4．The Great Wall is more than 6，000 kilometers in length(long)．
5．The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom(free) bravely.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1.spoken(speak) English in my 2.reading(read) room.I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3.myself(me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day.Now I am well content with my 4.achievement(achieve) in English.After 5.a while，I was 6.exhausted(exhaust) and went to the garden.It was 7.sunny(sun)．I 8.watered(water) flowers in it and 9.breathed (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10.relaxed(relax)．
PAGE
21Section Ⅲ Reading & Writing
阅读教材P21中的材料，选出最佳选项。
1．Why was Zhang Daqian regarded as one of China's most brilliant and popular artists
A．Because he was productive.
B．Because he can produce detailed portraits.
C．Because he can paint expressive landscapes.
D．All the above.
2．What did Zhang Daqian have greatest passions for
A．Portraits.
B．Colouring painting.
C．Buddhist mural paintings.
D．Traditional Chinese painting.
3．What did Picasso invent first in the world
A．Sculpture. B．Symbolism.
C．Cubism. D．Surrealism.
[答案] 1—3 DDC
Words and Phrases
apply 申请；应用
(教材P19)I wonder if you could also give me more information about how to apply to be part of this festival.
我还想知道您能不能给我提供更多关于如何申请参加艺术节的信息。
[例1] You will pass your exams only if you really apply yourself to your study.
你只有专心学习，考试才能及格。
[例2] I took the law school admissions test and applied to several schools.
我参加了法学院入学考试，然后向几所学校提交申请。
[造句] 他已报名参军。
He has applied to join the army.
[知识拓展]
(1)apply...to... 把……运用到……中；
把……涂到……上
apply to... 适应……；适用于……
apply(to...)for... (向……)申请……
apply oneself to 集中精力于
(2)applicant n. 申请人
(3)application n. 申请；申请书；适用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should apply this theory to practice.
②Students should apply themselves (them) to their studies.
③Tom presented the manager his application (apply)．
[小片段助记]
The applicant who was preparing for his application applied himself to the job interview.
appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
(教材P19)I appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you.
感谢您的帮助，期待您的来信。
[例1] You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。
[例2] They obviously appreciate you very much.
他们显然对你十分感激。
[造句] 总有一天你会体会到这门语言的优美之处。
In time you'll appreciate the beauty of this language.
[知识拓展]
(1)appreciate doing... 感激……
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I appreciate being given(give) this opportunity.
②We really appreciated it when she offered to help.
③He expressed his appreciation(appreciate) for their help.
[名师点津]
(1)appreciate表示“感谢”时，宾语为物(help，kindness等)；thank的宾语则为人。
(2)appreciate，like，hate，depend on等后接宾语从句时，需要在从句前加it。
faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
(教材P19)Yours faithfully
你忠诚地
[例1] He has supported the local team faithfully for 30 years.
他忠实地支持当地球队已经30年了。
[例2] The events were faithfully recorded in her diary.
这些事件在她的日记中如实地记录了下来。
[造句] 她保证恪守诺言，不把我的秘密告诉任何人。
She promised faithfully not to tell anyone my secret.
[知识拓展]
(1)faith n． 信心；信任；信仰；忠诚
have faith in sb. 信任某人/对某人有信心
lose faith in 对……失去信心/不再相信
in good faith 真诚；诚心诚意地
(2)faithful adj. 忠诚的；诚实的；如实/一丝不变
的；可信任的
be faithful to 忠实于，忠诚于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is always telling lies，so nearly all the people lose faith in him.
②There are a lot of difficulties in front of us，yet we still have faith in victory.
③His translation manages to be faithful(faith) to the spirit of the original.
appeal n．吸引力；恳求；上诉
v．上诉；有吸引力；恳求
(教材P23)Large international companies now realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising.
大的国际公司现在认识到在广告方面涂鸦的吸引力。
[例1] The child's mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return.
孩子的母亲在电视上恳切地要求儿子回来。
[例2] The prospect of a long wait in the rain did not appeal.
想到要在雨中久等人们很扫兴。
[造句] 设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
[知识拓展]
(1)appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.
向某人呼吁、恳求……
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁、恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm sure it will appeal to you，for you have been enthusiastic about sports.
②Sport has become an important form of entertainment，appealing (appeal) to both men and women.
③The police are making an appeal to the public for information about the crime.
Sentence Patterns
not only...but also...
(教材P21) Not only was he extremely productive—it is said that he created an average of 500 paintings a year—but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles...
他不仅创作能力极强，据说他每年平均创作500幅油画，而且还能够掌握各种各样的绘画风格……
[句式分析]
句中的not only...but also...表示“不仅……，而且……”，not only置于句首，句子用部分倒装。
[例1] Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给了我们光明，也给了我们热量。
[例2] Not only Mr.Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago.
不仅林先生，他的儿子也在两年前加入了该党。
[造句] 他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
He not only read the book，but also remember what he had read.
[知识拓展]
(1)not only...but also...常用来连接两个并列的结构，also有时可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语遵循“就近原则”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is learning not only English but (also) French.
②Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are(be) fond of watching football matches.
③Not only is the teacher himself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are beginning to show an interest in them.
It is said that...句型
(教材P21) It is said that the two artists admired each other.
据说两位艺术家惺惺相惜。
[句式分析]
本句中的It is said that...表示“据说……”。It is said that...＝Sb.is said to do sth.。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
[例1] It is said that she lived to be over 100.
据说她活了100多岁。
[例2] It is believed that the couple have left the country.
据信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
[造句] 希望筹款能超过1万英镑。
It is hoped that over 10，000 pounds will be raised.
[知识拓展]
It is thought that... 据认为……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is claimed that... 据称……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家普遍认为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句改写
①He is said to be(be) writing another novel about the same theme.
②It was reported (report) that several people had been arrested.
③It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
→He is supposed to be working in that big company.
④It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
→He is said to have written a new book about workers.
⑤It is thought that he often helps the people in need.
→He is often thought to help the people in need.
排序题
排序题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对这些事实进行排序。
[方法技巧]
根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序，解题方法可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
[例文]
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy，nine，restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so she decided to use CPR.
However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
◆What's the right order of the events
① Izzy kicked Colm.
② Debbie called 999.
③ Izzy learned CPR.
④ Colm's heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
[答案] C
[即学即练] 请快速排出下列事件的正确顺序
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system that will organize the trip around the store.If you're looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them...
◆Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping cards
a．Start the system.
b．Make a shopping list.
c．Find the things you want.
d．Go to a self checkout stand.
A．abdc B．bacd
C．acbd D．bcad
[答案] B
本单元写作项目是写一封正式邮件。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——问候
2．主体(body)——邮件具体内容
3．结尾(ending)——祝福或祝愿
[常用词块]
1．a well known/famous school一所著名的学校
2．to one's surprise/amazement令人惊讶的
3．get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得很好
4．ways of teaching教学方式
5．nothing like完全不像
6．take part in after class activities参加课外活动
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your e mail dated May 1st.
2．Thank you for your wonderful gift/your interesting e mail.
3．How are you these days /How are you getting on these days /How are you getting on with your work/studies
4．I am sorry that I did not reply early but I have been very busy these days.
5．I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the examination./I am so upset to hear that you are ill these days.
★余味结尾
1．I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
2．Please give my regards to your family.
3．Take good care of you and keep in touch.
假定你是李华，校学生会主席。你校学生会邀请美国外教 Nancy 参加即将举办的中秋节晚会。请给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．邀请出席；
2．时间：下周五晚上 6：00；
3．地点：演讲大厅(lecture hall)；
4．晚会内容。
注意：1.词数 80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[学生习作]
Dear Nancy，I am writing to invite you to attend the Mid Autumn party.As planed, it will be held in the lecture hall of our school at 6：00 p．m.next Friday.We will enjoy performances as well as play games.In the end, we will share moon cakes and admire the full moon.In fact, it is not what we do but whether we can enjoy ourselves that matters.I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours，Li Hua 名师点评：1．文章符合电子邮件的写作要求，内容完整，写出了基本的要点。2．能够使用一些高级的句式结构，例如As planed省略句，not...but...并列句，使得文章更加流畅通顺。3．能够使用as well as，matter等高级词汇写作，为文章添彩不少。
[升格作文]
Dear Nancy，
On behalf of the Students' Union, I am writing to invite you to attend the Mid Autumn party.
As scheduled, it will be held in the lecture hall of our school at 6：00 p．m.next Friday.We will have a good time enjoying performances as well as playing games.With the party approaching the end, we will share moon cakes and admire the full moon.In fact, it is not what we do but whether we can enjoy ourselves that matters.
I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
假如你是李华，你在新学校学习已有两个多月，请根据下列提示，用英语给你的朋友Jane写一封电子邮件，谈一谈你的高中生活。
1．介绍你的学校和班级；
2．你的作息时间；
3．你的同学；
4．你最喜欢的老师……
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jane，
I've been at Senior High School for more than two months.I'm writing down my thoughts about my new school life.
My new school is
Bye for now，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jane，
I've been at Senior High School for more than two months.I'm writing down my thoughts about my new school life.
My new school is a well known school with a long history.There are 50 classes，more than 300 teachers and over 3，500 students in my school.Every class room has a computer with a special screen.And there are sixty students in my class.I'm getting on very well with my classmates.My favorite teacher is Ms.Wang，and she usually tells us something in an interesting way.I don't think I will be bored in her class.
We usually get up at 6：30 and our class starts at 8：00.I always take part in colorful after class activities and we go to bed at ten.
Bye for now，
Li Hua
PAGE
9UNIT 7 ART
Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.
—Picasso
艺术是让我们意识到真理的谎言。
——毕加索
The test of a real comedian is whether you laugh at him before he opens his mouth.
—G.J.Nathan
检验一个人是不是真正的喜剧家就在于你是否在他未开口时就笑。
——内森
Speech was given to man to express his thought.
—Moliere
语言赋予人类是为了表达思想。
——莫里哀
No man ever yet became great by imitation.
—Samuel Johnson
没有人能通过模仿别人而成名。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
The eye is the painter and the ear the singer.
—Emerson
眼睛是画家，耳朵是歌唱家。
——爱默生
Nature contains the elements，in colour and form，of all pictures，as the keyboard contains the notes of all music.
But the artist is born to pick，and choose，and group with science，these elements，that the result may be beautiful—as the musician gathers his notes，and forms his chords，until he brings forth from chaos glorious harmony.
To say to the painter，that Nature is to be taken as she is；to say to the player，that he may sit on the piano...
The dignity of the snow capped mountain is lost in distinctness，but the joy of the tourist is to recognize the traveller on the top.The desire to see，for the sake of seeing，is，with the mass，alone the one to be gratified，hence the delight in detail.
Beijing Opera or Peking Opera is a form of Chinese opera which arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid 19th century.The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.
Beijing Opera features four main types of performers.Performing troupes often have several of each variety，as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers.With their elaborate (认真的) and colorful costumes，performers are the only focal points on Beijing Opera's characteristically small stage.They make use of the skills of speech，song，dance，and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive，rather than realistic.Above all else，the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements.Performers also hold a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production.The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music.The music of Beijing Opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles.Melodies include arias (唱腔)，fixed tune melodies，and percussion patterns.The repertoire of Beijing Opera includes over 1，400 works，which are based on Chinese history，folklore，and increasingly，contemporary life.
[探索发现]
1．How long has Beijing Opera become a popular art form
About one and a half centuries.
2．How many types of performers in Beijing Opera at present
Four.
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