SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.approach A．v.&n.尝试；试图
( )2.automatic B．vt.忽视；置之不理
( )3.flexible C．n.方法
( )4.attempt D．adj.灵活的，可变通的
( )5.ignore E．adj.自动的；无意识的
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.reflect on A．以……为根据
( )2.work out B．在……的中心
( )3.be based on... C．总之；简而言之
( )4.in short D．思考
( )5.at the heart of E．弄懂某事物；计算出
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．partner n. 搭档，同伴
2．inner adj. 内部的
3．promote vt. 促进，增进
4．unlikely adj. 不大可能的
5．dinosaur n. 恐龙
6．data n. 资料；数据
7．reflect vi.&vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映
8．argue vi. 争论，争吵
Ⅰ.语境填词
promote；partner；ignore；automatic；inner；flexible；data；approach；attempt；unlikely
1．They have built hotels in most unlikely places.
2．These data have been collected from various sources.
3．We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
4．The United States has always been China's third major trade partner．
5．Michael needed to express his inner tensions.
6．The couple made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
7．You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
8．You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
9．She said her husband ignored her.
10．This heating system has an automatic temperature control.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Your clothes are often a reflection(reflect) of your personality.
2．We are working on the assumption(assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
3．We had an argument(argue) with the waiter about the bill.
4．The campsite provided only basic(base) facilities.
5．Pakistan came into existence(exist) as an independent country after the war.
6．Children often behave badly out of ignorance (ignore)．
7．My first impression (impress) of him was bad.
1．Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。
2．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。
3．The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
4．If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.
如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
名师圈点
①assume vt.认为；假定，假设
②automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
③take part in 参加；参与
④suggest doing sth.建议做某事
⑤outer adj.外部的，外面的
⑥inner adj.内部的
⑦express vt.表达
⑧personal adj.个人的
⑨in the way of妨碍
⑩pay attention to注意；关注
risk vt.冒险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
open minded adj.思想开放的；开明的
make decisions做出决定
argue vi.争论，与争吵
argue with与……争吵
flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的
end up以……结束
promote vt.促进，增进
achieve vt.实现；完成
in short简而言之
curious adj.好奇的；有好奇心的
be curious about对……感到好奇
attempt vt.尝试；试图 n．努力，尝试
attempt to尝试
entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
unlikely adj.不大可能的
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur n．恐龙
exist vi.存在；实际上有
data n．资料；数据
miss out错过；遗漏
opportunity n．机会；机遇
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理
cannot help doing情不自禁地做……
after all毕竟；终究
separate vt.&vi.隔开
adj.不同的；独立的
原文呈现
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume①that the human brain is set on“automatic②”that means it learns all by itself.But this isn't always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learnersto actively take part in③ the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”．I suggest doing④five things to take an active role in your learning.
1．Listen to the outer⑤voice
There are two kinds of voices：the inner⑥voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses⑦your personal⑧opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.[1] Although，your inner voice can be useful，it can also get in the way of⑨learning.If you keep paying too much attention to⑩it，you risk missing important information .Instead，active learners are open minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying，not on what their brain is saying in the background.In this way，they are in a better position to make decisions .
[1]while是转折连词，表示“然而”；what引导宾语从句作from的宾语。
2．Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about why the speaker/writer may be right.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
3．Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.When you get information from someone，from books or the Internet，ask two，three，even five questions about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short ：Do not stop being curious .
4．Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt tofind the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirelyunlikely，there may be an aspectof it that is based ontruth.So if someone says that dinosaursstill existtoday，think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from？Do they have enough data to support their views？If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something[2]．
[2]no matter how引导让步状语从句。
5．Focus on the message
Many people miss outon learning opportunitiesbecause they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignorewhat is said because of who the speaker/writer is.It is true that we cannot help disliking32some people—this is human nature，after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.Instead，they separatethe message from the messenger.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
译文参考
主动学习
凯文·道姆
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。但这并不总是真的。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者，积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。这种学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
1．听外面的声音
有两种声音：内心的声音和外在的声音。你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。虽然，你内心的声音是有用的，但它也会妨碍学习。如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。相反，积极的学习者思想开放，专注于说话者或作者在说什么，而不是他们的大脑在后台说什么。这样，他们就能更好地做出决定。
2．与你内心的声音争论
如果你发现你内心的声音很难控制，你可以像大多数积极的学习者那样与之争论。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话或作者是错的，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。如果不是，至少你有“听”另一个观点。
3．提出问题
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。当你从某人那里，从书本或互联网上得到信息，问两个、三个甚至五个关于这个话题的问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。简而言之：不要停止好奇。
4．找到真相
积极的学习者不会接受他们所学的一切。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。这个想法是从哪里来的？他们有足够的资料支持他们的观点吗？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．专注于信息
许多人错失了学习的机会，因为他们让自己的感情成为障碍。他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。的确，我们情不自禁讨厌一些人——这毕竟是人性。但别忘了你仍然可以从中学习。积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。相反，他们把信息和信使分开。另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
速读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．It is always wrong to assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．If you pay too much attention to your inner voice，you are at the risk of missing important information.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Active learners can argue with their inner voice.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Many people lose learning chances because they let their feelings get in the way.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBAAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．why the speaker/writer may be right
B．why they believe this
C．what you hear or read
D．that means it learns all by itself
E．what the speaker/writer is saying
1．Most people assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”— ．
2．The outer voice tells you about opinions from ．
3．Active learners are open minded and focus on ．
4．When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about ．
5．If someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about ．
[答案] 1－5 DCEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
ACTIVE LEARNING
Listen to the outer voice Inner voice expresses your personal opinions；1.outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Inner voice can get in the way of learning.Active learners focus on 2.what the speaker/writer is saying.
Argue with your inner voice Argue with your inner voice as most 3.active learners do.Be 4.flexible in your opinions.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
Ask questions Asking questions is the easiest way to 5.promote active learning.Ask questions about the topic and the 6.answers will lead you to further learning.Do not stop being 7.curious.
Get to the truth Attempt to find the 8.truth at the heart of each idea，you will increase your chance of learning something.
Focus on the message Do not judge people based on first 9.impressions or personal feelings.Separate the message from the 10.messenger.
细读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Ask questions.
2．Para.2 B．Get to the truth.
3．Para.3 C．Listen to the outer voice.
4．Para.4 D．Focus on the message.
5．Para.5 E．Argue with your inner voice.
6．Para.6 F．The introduction of “active
learning”．
[答案] 1－6 FCEABD
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What is active learning
A．To learn all by itself.
B．To train ourselves and take part in the learning process.
C．To suggest doing something.
D．To assume something.
2．What's the result if you attach great importance to your inner voice
A．You will miss important information.
B．You will be open minded.
C．You will focus on what the speaker/writer is saying.
D．You will make better decisions.
3．What will active learners do if their inner voice is difficult to control
A．They will think about the outer voice.
B．They will argue with it.
C．They will end up disagreeing with the speaker/writer.
D．They will stick to the view of theirs.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOT true
A．Asking questions will lead you to further learning.
B．Working out questions will help you achieve a higher level of understanding.
C．Stopping being curious.
D．Not to accept everything you learn.
5．What can we learn from the text
A．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B．Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the background.
C．Active learners accept everything they learn.
D．Active learners don't judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
[答案] 1－5 BABCD
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有给出建议的语句。
1．I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
2．In short：Do not stop being curious.
3．Do not just assume that some people are always right.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是给出建议的语句。
1．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
2．Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
3．Active learners do not accept everything they learn.
[答案] 1；3
1．reflect vt.&vi.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→reflection n．映射；发射；思考→reflective adj.沉思的；深思的；典型的
2．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assumption n．假定；假设→assumed adj.假设的；假定的
3．argue vi.争吵，争论→argument n．争论，争吵
4．base vt.基础；以……为根据n.根基；底部；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的；简单的
5．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n．无知；愚昧
6．impress vt.给……留下印象；使铭记→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
1．reflect vt.& vi.反射，映射；反映；表达(意见)；仔细思考
①The sea reflected back the bright sunlight. 反射
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
反映；表达
③On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.
仔细思考
2．ignore vt.忽视；忽略；置之不理
①He ignored all the “No parking” signals and parked his car here.
忽视
②She ignored him and carried on with her work. 置之不理
Words and Phrases
reflect vi.& vt.反映；反射；仔细思考；表达(意见)；沉思
(教材P52) to reflect on思考
[例1] The sunlight reflected off the snow covered mountains.
阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。
[例2] His image was reflected many times in the mirror.
他的影像在那面镜子里多次反射出来。
[造句] 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
We should all give ourselves time to reflect.
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect sb./ sth.in sth. 映出；反映
reflect on/upon 仔细想；考虑；反省
reflect that... 思考……
(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像；
沉思；深思；思考
a reflection on... 反映了……
on reflection 经再三思考
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She could see herself reflected in his eyes.
②I'm sitting in the small yard，reflecting on the plan.
③The moon looks bright because of the reflection(reflect) of light.
[小片段助记]
This is a good time to reflect on who you are too.How is God's image reflected in your relationships
argue vi.争论，争吵；论证；证明
(教材P52) Argue with your inner voice
与你内心的声音争论
[例1] We're always arguing with each other.
我们总是互相争论。
[例2] He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他表明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
[造句] 最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。
These latest developments argue a change in government policy.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.
与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 理由；论据；争论
beyond argument 无需争论
have an argument with...over/about
就……和……争论
get into an argument with 和……争论
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They argued for the right to strike.
②It's no use arguing about the question with him for he won't change his opinion.
③They argued him into cycling(cycle) instead of driving there.
[小片段助记]
The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages.
assume vt.认为；假定，假设；承担(责任)
(教材P52) Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。
[例1] Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
[例2] People assume they know me through and through the moment we meet.
人们一见到我，就自以为对我了如指掌了。
[造句] 法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。
The court assumed the responsibility for the girl's welfare.
[知识拓展]
(1)assume＋n.＋(to be)n./adj. 认为……是……
It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
make assumptions about... 假定……
on the assumption that... 假定……
(3)assuming (that)...＝supposing (that)...
假定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is assumed that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
②We assume him to be (be) innocent before hearing the evidence against it.
③Assuming (assume) the house is for sale, would you buy it
④A lot of people make an assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
end up doing最后；最终
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[例1] If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
[例2] If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
如果你总是屈服于人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。
[造句] 消费者最终承担这笔额外成本。
Consumers end up bearing this extra cost.
[知识拓展]
end up 结束；告终
end up with 以……结束，以……告终
end up as 最后成为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is possible that one day we will end up with a disability.
②They win no one's trust and will end up having (have)no friends at all.
③Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar.
[名师点津]
end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语动词 ing形式作状语。
work out制定出；锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；弄懂某事物；进展
(教材P53) The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
[例1] To work out a plan，one has to start with investigation.
制定计划要从调研入手。
[例2] The price per pound works out at ￡3.20.
每磅价格合计3.20英镑。
[造句] 谈判人员定于今天晚些时候进行会面，商定一个折中方案。
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
[知识拓展]
work at 从事；致力于，钻研
work for 为……工作，为……做事
work off 除去；解除
work on 继续工作；影响；从事
work over 检查；研究
work with 与……共事，与……合作
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I have had to work for every single penny I earned.
②I spent some time (in) working over these books.
attempt v．& n．尝试；试图；努力
(教材P53) They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
[例1] I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。
[例2] I will attempt to answer all your questions.
我将努力回答你的全部问题。
[造句] 他试图掌控公司，但以失败告终。
He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.
[知识拓展]
(1)attempt to do sth. 试图/努力做某事
attempt doing sth. 试着做某事
(2)at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do(sth.) 试图做某事
make an/no attempt to do(sth.) 企图做某事/没有做某事的企图
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.
②The climbers will make an attempt to reach(reach) the summit today.
③Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
base n．基础；以……为根据；根基；底座；源泉vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
[例1] The harbour is an important naval base.
该港是一个重要的海军基地。
[例2] But if we want to base action on evidence and answers，we are only at the start.
但如果我们想以证据和答案作为行动基础，这才刚刚开始。
[造句] 上海是中国最重要的工业基地。
Shanghai is the most important industrial base of China.
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础
(2)basis n. 基础；原因；基准，准则
on the basis of... 在……基础上
(3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Canadian libel law is based(base) on English common law.
②Some videos have been banned on the basis(base) that they are too violent.
③Hospitals lack even basic(base) drugs for surgical operations.
[小片段助记]
The basis of the theory is based on the research conducted by the famous professor.On the basis of it, we can put it into effect in many fields of our life.
exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存
(教材P53) So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.
所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。
[例1] The problem only exists in your head，Jane.
这个问题不过是你的想象，简。
[例2] They can't exist on the money he's earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
[造句] 他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在。
He thought that if he couldn't see something，it didn't exist.
[知识拓展]
(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on＝live on 靠……为生
There exist... 有……，存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
in existence 存在
out of existence 消失
come into existence 出现，产生
bring into existence 使……出现/产生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We often report problems that exist in the work.
②It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
③New companies come into existence(exist) every year.
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理；不理会，不顾
(教材P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。
[例1] I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.
我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。
[例2] The government had ignored his views on the subject.
政府没有理睬他对这一问题的看法。
[造句] 这些是事实，不能视而不见。
These are facts and you can't just ignore them.
[知识拓展]
(1)ignorant adj. (对某事物)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道/没有意识到某事
(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I said hello to her，but she ignored (ignore) me completely.
②To say you were ignorant of/about the rules is no excuse.
③If he did wrong，it was only through ignorance(ignore)．
[小片段助记]
The design completely ignored the concept, because the designer was ignorant of it.His ignorance caused the company a great loss.
impression n．印象；感想
(教材P53) Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。
[例1] It made a very forceful impression on me.
它给我留下深刻的印象。
[例2] What were your first impressions of college
你对大学的第一印象是什么？
[造句] 他告诉了我他的计划，给我留下了一个好印象。
He has told me his plans and made a good impression on me.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/get a good/bad/deep impression on
对……有好的/坏的/深刻的印象
leave/make a good/bad/deep impression on
给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象
(2)impress vt. 给……留下印象；印上
impress sb.with sth. 使某人铭记某事；用……打动
be impressed with... 对……印象深刻
impress sth.on sth./sb./one's mind
把某物印在某物上/使某人铭记某事
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We left/made the impression on audience that we were determined to win.
②He impressed her with his honesty.
③Our teacher impressed the importance of knowledge on us.
④The general is an impressive(impress) man.
[小片段助记]
Shenzhen impresses tourists from home and abroad.First，they have a good impression on the city's road and traffic.Besides，the city impresses its friendliness and hospitality upon their minds.Above all，many places of interest in this city are very impressive，such as Window of the World，the Happy Valley and so on.
Sentence Patterns
部分否定
(教材P52) But this isn't always true.
但这并不总是真的。
[句式分析]
[例1] The world is not always what we wish it to be.
世界并不总是如我们所愿。
[例2] I don't always stay at the same hotel.
我并不总住在同一家旅馆。
[造句] 新目标并不总是与现行政策一致。
New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
[知识拓展]
部分否定：某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，entirely，wholly，quite等也是如此。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这两姐妹并不都喜欢这部电影。
Both of the sisters don't like the film．
②我们不全都来自农村。
Not all of us come from the countryside.
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[句式分析]
本句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句；陈述句表示结果或推论。and表示递进关系，含有“那么”之意。
[例1] Hurry up，and you will catch the bus.
快点，你就会赶上那班公共汽车。
[例2] Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作你就会成功。
[造句] 再给我一个小时，我就会完成工作。
Give me one more hour，and I'll get the work finished.
[知识拓展]
祈使句＋and ＋简单句
祈使句＋or＋简单句
名词短语＋and＋简单句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hurry up，or you will not be able to catch the first bus.
②One more minute，and I will finish my paper.
教材 高考
1.to reflect on (2020·全国卷Ⅲ) As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2.Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself. (2020·北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
3.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. (2020·北京卷) Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
4.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. (2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More effort，and you will succeed.
2．The increase in crime is a sad reflection(reflect) on our society today.
3．Assuming(assume) it's possible，how much information can we send
4．There's a strong argument(argue) for lowering the price.
5．She dreamed of a different life but ended up living(live) in a country far away from the city.
6．One of the first questions they attempted to answer(answer) was where does stability come from
7．Now look at a few of them and some basic(base) examples of using them.
8．You may be stuck with a miserable existence(exist) for the rest of your life.
9．I met some ignorant(ignore) people who called me all kinds of names.
10．The results I have seen show an impressive(impress) and rapid impact on health outcomes.
Ⅱ.短语填空
brush up；reflect on；argue with；work out；in short；attempt to；be based on；at the heart of
1．For some teachers，half of their rating is based on how well their students do.
2．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
3．Money lies at the heart of the debate over airline safety.
4．I could have brushed up a bit more on my facts before I met him.
5．The spy attempted to escape to a neighbouring country.
6．I argued with him for hours，but had to give up in the end.
7．As I waved goodbye to them，I reflected on the significance of what I had seen.
8. In short，this is a time for us to be pragmatic，but also optimistic.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Anyone can be an active learner if he/she trains actively.Active learners don't pay too much attention 1.to the inner voice because it can stop them from fully 2.understanding (understand) what they're hearing or reading.3.To be(be) an active learner, you can also react to your inner voice, for example, arguing with your inner voice, and questioning your point of view.Ask as many 4.questions (question) as you can because the answers will lead you 5.to further learning, and the way of 6.working (work) out questions will help you 7.to achieve (achieve) a higher level of understanding about the topic.Don't accept everything you learn and try to find the 8. truth(true) at the heart of each idea so you can understand why people believe this.Finally, don't let your feelings get in the way when you're learning.Even if you cannot help 9.disliking(dislike) some people, you may still be able to learn 10.from them.
v． ing或不定式作宾语
[观察例句]
1．I want to have a walk after supper.
2．He considered it his duty to support his family.
3．She doesn't know how to run the machine.
4．I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.
5．Before class，you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.
6．Would you mind opening the window for me
[归纳用法]
1．下列动词常接不定式作宾语
三个希望两答应(hope，wish，want，agree，promise)
两个要求莫拒绝 (demand，ask，refuse)
设法学会做决定 (manage，learn，decide)
不要假装在选择 (pretend，choose)
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，beg，choose，claim，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，expect，fail，fear，get，guarantee，hate，help，hope，hurry，intend，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish，swear ＋ to do sth.
They agreed to give it to me the next day.
They hope to find new resources for mankind.
I demand to see your director.
I happened to know the answer to your question.
To my disappointment，my father doesn't agree to buy me a new bike.
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I expected to meet(meet) your friend，but my car broke down on the way.
②The flu is believed to be caused(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
③Remember to put(put) back the magazine when you finish reading it.
2．下列动词常跟动名词作宾语
admit，advise，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，ban，confess，consider，delay，deny，detest，dislike，encourage，endure，enjoy，ensure，escape，excuse，face，fancy，feel like，finish，forbid，forgive，give up，imagine，involve，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，omit，pardon，permit，postpone，practice，prevent，put off，quit，recall，recommend，report，resist，risk，save，suggest，tolerate，understand，can't help，can't resist (忍不住) ＋ doing
I admitted breaking the window.
We are considering moving to Seattle.
Would you mind turning off the light in the room
Have you finished reading the book
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
②We are considering making(make) a new decision.
③Our monitor suggested having(have) a discussion on the new holiday plan.
3．下列动词之后，既可跟不定式作宾语，又可跟动词 ing形式作宾语，含义有细微差别
★love，like，hate，prefer，dislike
表经常性的、习惯性的行为多用动词 ing形式作这类动词的宾语；表具体、某次特定的、带将来意味的行为多用不定式作这类动词的宾语。
I like swimming，but I don't like to swim today. (前者表经常性的行为，后者表示一次具体的行为)
★begin，start，continue
如强调“有意识”行为，多跟doing形式作宾语；如强调“无意识”行为，多跟to do作宾语；
当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面跟to do为佳；
当这三个词之后跟表示“精神状态或心理活动”的词时，只能跟to do作宾语。
I started learning English when I was ten. (表示有意识的行为)
It began to rain when I got home last night. (表示无意识的行为)
The bus is starting to run. (进行时，跟不定式)
I continue to feel sick. (表心理活动)
I begin to doubt his honesty. (表心理活动)
★want，need，require
句型sb./sth.want/need/require doing意为“某人/某物需要……”。动词 ing形式与句子主语在逻辑上含动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义，此句中的doing可用to be done代替。
My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.
The old man requires looking after.＝The old man requires to be looked after.
句型 sb.want/need/require to do意为“某人想要做……”。不定式与句子主语在逻辑上含主谓关系。
She wants to talk with me.
remember to do sth.记住要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未发生)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动词 ing形式表示行为已经发生)
forget to do sth.忘记了要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未执行)
forget doing sth.忘记了做过某事(动词 ing形式表示行为已经执行)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到抱歉(不定式表示行为紧跟在regret之后发生)
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(动词 ing形式表示行为发生在regret之前)
try to do sth.尽力做某事，努力做某事(不定式表示设法完成某种困难较大的事)
try doing sth.试着做某事(动词 ing形式强调方法是否得当，看看会发生什么)
can't help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
go on to do sth.(已做完一件事)接着做(另一件事)
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth.(停止一件事)接着做(另一件事)
stop doing sth.停止做某事
mean to do sth.打算做……(主语为人)
mean doing sth.做某事意味着做……(主语为物)
4．疑问词之后接不定式，不接动词 ing形式。下列动词后常接“疑问词 ＋ 不定式”。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有：what，where，who(m)，when，how，whether，which(why 除外，why not do)
tell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，inquire，know，explain，remember，see，understand，wonder ＋ wh 疑问词 ＋to do sth.
She will tell you which bus to take.
Have you decided when to start
He doesn't know what to do.
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。如下列动词：
think/believe/consider/find/feel/know/make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I find it difficult to understand him.
We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.
He makes it a rule to give short speeches.
I find it easy to get on with her.
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I remember meeting(meet) her somewhere before.
②We love having (have) a swim in the sea every afternoon.
③I'd like to have (have) a cup of coffee with sugar and milk.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am sorry to miss catching(catch) the first bus.
2．I am considering going(go) there by bicycle.
3．He finished reading(read) the novel in two days.
4．Do remember to meet(meet) her at the station tomorrow.
5．We'd love to have(have) a swim in the sea this afternoon.
6．She doesn't know how to run(run) the machine.
7．I want to listen(listen) to some music after class.
8．Would you like to go(go) with me or would you rather stay at home
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I want the best for my kids，as any parent 1.does (do)．I occasionally need 2.to remind(remind) myself that they are their own little people on their own journeys in life.
As parents it's our responsibility 3.to teach(teach)，guide and encourage our kids.If we do our job right they are most likely 4.to become(become) responsible contributing members of society.
The old 5.saying(say) that “the apple doesn't fall far from the tree”，is an understatement at best.Truth is that children learn how 6.to behave(behave)，act，and deal with life situations first and foremost by 7.watching(watch) their parents.If dad sits on the couch all day and doesn't lift a finger 8.to help(help) with housework，chances are his own son (and daughter) will grow up 9.believing(believe) this is how people are supposed 10.to act(act)．
To tell the truth，I suggest learning more from carefree，cute kids.
PAGE
24Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.classic A．adj.适时的，及时的
( )2.recommend B．adj.&adv.遍及世界的；
在全世界
( )3.acquire C．adv.定期地
( )4.worldwide D．vt.推荐；建议
( )5.childhood E．vt.学习，获得(知识，技能)
( )6.subway F．vt.&vi.出版；发表；刊登
( )7.technique G．adj.经典的
( )8.publish H．n.童年，儿童时代
( )9.timely I．n.(美)地铁
( )10.periodically J．n.技巧，手法
[答案] 1－5 GDEBH 6－10 IJFAC
B．短语匹配
( )1.take it easy A．很荣幸做某事
( )2.as a result B．不管怎样
( )3.be curious about C．结果；因此
( )4.in one way or another D．放轻松
( )5.be honoured to do sth. E．对……好奇
[答案] 1－5 DCEBA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．strategy n. 策略；战略；规划
2．beyond prep. 超出……范围
3．sufficient adj. 充足的
4．input n. 输入；投入
5．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
6．memorisation n. 记忆
7．sharp adj. 急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的
8．arrangement n. 计划；安排
9．odd adj. 奇特的
10．novel n. 小说
Ⅰ.语境填词
timely；classic；sharp；periodically；subway；beyond；publish；worldwide；childhood；technique
1．His books have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide．
2．Except for her illnesses，she had had a particularly happy childhood．
3．It is a classic style of Gothic building.
4．The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
5．Pictures of the suspect were published in all the daily papers.
6．The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.
7．The extension of the subway will take several months.
8．The wind was not as sharp and cruel as it had been.
9．A nasty incident was prevented by the timely arrival of the police.
10．We will refresh this information periodically to keep our system updated.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．This is a simplified(simplify) example，but it illustrates the pattern.
2．She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar(familiar) with Japanese culture.
3．Try to memorise(memory) the names of all the people you see there tonight.
4．It's normally(normal) much warmer than this in July.
5．The region was effectively (effective) independent.
6．I'll make arrangements(arrange) for you to be met at the airport.
7．Mothers are often the ones who provide emotional(emotion) support for the family.
8．American English is significantly(significant) different from British English.
1．This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
2．A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.
一个有详细准确的记忆的人可以在很多年后记住一幅画、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但没有人证明有这样的人真的有详细准确的记忆。
3．As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.
由于我们大多数人没有像他们一样的惊人记忆，当我们记住详细的学习材料时，我们只需要专注于重要的想法，并对我们学到的东西好奇。
4．Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
另一种有效的记忆方法是将相似的想法或信息组合在一起，这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的事物联系起来。
5．This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly help us to remember the information.
这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。
名师圈点
①childhood n．童年，儿童时代
②especially adv.特别地；尤其
③emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的
④experience v．经历
⑤excitement n．兴奋，激动
⑥as a result结果；因此
as a result of...由于……
⑦retell vt.重讲，复述
⑧fix v．使固定；安装；决定，确定(日期、时间、数量等)；安排；组织
⑨photographic adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的
⑩detail n．细节；详情
detailed adj.详细的
amazing adj.令人惊奇的
amazed adj.惊奇的；惊讶的
Daniel Tammet英国人丹尼尔·塔梅4岁时经历了一场痉挛，从此世界在他眼里变得截然不同——他的两个感官神奇地联系在了一起。他的运算能力也非常惊人，一分钟内就可以算出37的4次方是多少，或者13除以97，然后给出小数点后32位的数字。
helicopter n．直升机
limited adj.有限的
memorise vt.记忆；记住
be curious about对……好奇
memorisation n．记忆
technique n．技巧，手法
natural adj.自然的；自然而然的
publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登
present vt.呈现
curve n．曲线，弧线
sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的
timely adj.适时的，及时的
review v．复习
revisit vt.重新考虑，再次讨论
significantly adv.显著地；重大地
periodically adv.定期地
effective adj.有效的
definitely adv.肯定；确实
take it easy 放轻松
原文呈现
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Memory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers some of the most common questions about memory.
1．Why can I remember events in my childhood①but not what happened last week
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially②emotional③connections.[1] Childhood memories are often very emotional.This is because when we experience④things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement⑤.Also，interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again.As a result⑥，we remember them much better，as retelling⑦events helps fix⑧experiences in our memories.What can we learn from all this？When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.It is important to connect it with what we already know.[2] Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[2]what引导宾语从句，作with的宾语。
2．Do some people really have a photographic⑨memory
A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail⑩of a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.Yet，there are some people who do have amazing memories.For example，Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22，514
digits of pi(π) and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter .They are both good at remembering particular things for a limited time.As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation .Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.[3]
[3]so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便；为了”。
3．Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday
Don't worry.This is natural for many people.In 1885，Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented
,21)a famous forgetting curve.According to him，the sharpestloss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.This means timelyreviewduring this period，with a few revisitsto what is learnt，can significantlyhelp us to remember the information.Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically，especially during the first day after learning.This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effectivethan waiting to review everything before exams.
4．I'm 16，but I sometimes forget things.Is my memory getting worse
Definitelynot.Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25.At that point，we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second.After this age，however，the brain starts to get smaller.By the age of 40， we lose10，000 brain cells every day.By middle age，our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.So take it easy.You are at a good age in terms of your memory.Make good use of it！
译文参考
你记忆的秘密
记忆专家杰迈玛·格里耶兹诺夫关于记忆的一些最普通问题的回答。
1．为什么我能记起童年的事，却记不起上周发生的事？
我们记得那些在我们脑海中有很强联系的事情，特别是情感联系。童年的记忆往往是非常感人的。这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。而且，我们童年的有趣或有趣的故事经常被一次又一次地讲出来。因此，我们会更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们记忆中的经历。我们能从这些中学到什么？当记住一些新的东西时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。把它和我们已经知道的联系起来是很重要的。同时，我们也可以尽力把我们所学的重新讲给其他一些人听。
2．有些人真的有详细准确的记忆吗？
一个有详细准确的记忆的人可以在很多年后记住一幅画、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但没有 人证明有这样的人真的有详细准确的记忆。例如，丹尼尔·塔梅可以记住π的前22 514个数字，而斯蒂芬·威尔夏可以用直升机从一个城市上空飞过，从记忆中描绘出一个城市的详细画面。他们都擅长在有限的时间内记住特定的事情。由于我们大多数人没有像他们一样的惊人记忆，当我们记忆详细的学习材料时，我们只需要专注于重要的想法，并对我们所学到的东西好奇。询问我们学的知识也有助于记忆。另一种有效的记忆方法是将相似的想法或信息组合在一起，这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的事物联系起来。
3．为什么我忘了昨天学的生词？
别担心，这对很多人来说是很自然的。1885年，赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版了一本名为《记忆》的书，并提出了著名的遗忘曲线。据他说，最严重的失忆发生在学习后的早期。这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。因此，增加记忆量的黄金法则之一是定期复习材料，特别是在学习后的第一天。这种在学习后不久的“间隔复习”有助于建立更强的记忆，而且比考试前等待复习更有效。
4．我16岁，但有时会忘记一些事情。我的记忆力变差了吗？
当然不是。我们的记忆力在25岁时达到了顶峰。在这个时间上，我们可以在一秒钟内记住多达200条信息。然而，在这个年龄之后，大脑开始变小。到了40岁，我们每天失去10 000个脑细胞。到了中年，我们的记忆力明显比年轻时差。所以别紧张。从你记忆的角度讲你正处在一个记性很好的年龄。好好利用它！
速读P58－59教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Childhood memories are emotional because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．There are really many people with a photographic memory.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Stephen Wiltshire can remember the first 22，514 digits of pi(π)．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．According to Hermann Ebbinghaus，the sharpest loss of memory occurs as time goes by.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 40.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBBB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．what we learn
B．how much we remember
C．what we already know
D．when memorising detailed learning materials
E．who really have a photographic memory
1．It is important to connect something new with ．
2．No one has proved that there are such people ．
3．As most of us do not have amazing memories like Daniel Tammet or Stephen Wiltshire， ，we simply need to focus on the important ideas.
4．Asking questions about also helps with memorisation.
5．One of the golden rules to increase is to review the material periodically.
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week？ Above all，we remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1.emotional connections.Memories in 2.childhood are often emotional because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or 3.excitement．Also，interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again.
Do some people really have a photographic memory？ No one has proved that there are people with 4.photographic memories.But there are some people who have amazing memories such as Daniel Tammet and 5.Stephen Wiltshire.We need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions helps with 6.memorisation.
Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday？ The sharpest loss of memory 7.occurs during the very early period after learning.8.Reviewing what is learnt helps us remember the information.
I'm 16，but I sometimes forget things.Is my memory getting worse？ Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 9.25．We can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a 10.second.After that point，the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age，our memory declines.
细读P58－59教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．The reason we forget
newly learnt things.
2．Para.2 B．The age and the memory.
3．Para.3 C．Photographic memories and
advice for us to memorise things.
4．Para.4 D．The reason for remembering
events in childhood.
[答案] 1－4 DCAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why are childhood memories very emotional
A．Because we often have strong feelings of fear and excitement.
B．Because they have strong connections in our mind.
C．Because they are interesting or funny.
D．Because they are what have learnt.
2．The reason for Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22，514 digits of pi(π) is that ．
A．he has a photographic memory
B．he is good at remembering particular things
C．he can draw a detailed picture
D．he has learnt it many years ago
3．According to Hermann Ebbinghaus' book，we should ．
A．review during the early period after learning
B．review during the later period after learning
C．review everything before exams
D．review everything after exams
4．People have the most powerful memory at the age of .
A．40 B．25
C．before 25 D．after 40
5．When does the sharpest loss of memory occur
A．During the very early period after learning.
B．During the first three days after learning.
C．During the first week after learning.
D．During the first hour after learning.
[答案] 1－5 ABABA
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有给出建议的语句。
1．When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.
2....when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas...
3．Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together...
B．判断下列语句哪些不是给出建议的语句。
1．Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically...
2．By middle age，our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
3．Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
[答案] 2
1．simple adj.简单的；朴素的；易于理解的→simplify vt.简化→simplified adj.简化了的
2．familiar adj.熟悉的；了解的→familiarity n．熟悉；通晓→unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的
3．memory n．记忆；记忆力→memorise vt.记住；熟记
4．normal adj.通常的；平常的→normally adv.通常，平常→abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的；畸形的
5．effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→effectively adv.有效地
6．arrange v．计划；安排→arrangement n．计划；安排
7．emotion n．情绪；情感→emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的
8．excite vt.使兴奋；使激动→exciting adj.令人兴奋的；令人激动的→excited adj.感到兴奋的；感到激动的→excitement n．激动；兴奋
1．beyond prep.在(或向)……较远的一边；晚于；迟于；超出；除……之外
①The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
在(或向)……较远的一边
②I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that. 晚于；迟于
③Our success was far beyond what we thought possible. 超出
2．sharp adj.锋利的，尖的；急剧的，猛烈的；骤然的(变化)；清楚明确的；鲜明的；敏锐的
①So I have a sharp knife in my hand now. 锋利的
②There was a sharp increase in unemployment. 急剧的
③She drew a sharp distinction between domestic and international politics. 清楚明确的
④He kept a sharp lookout for any strangers. 敏锐的
Words and Phrases
simplified adj.简化了的
(教材P56) to read simplified classic works
阅读简化了的作品
[例1] Last night，the president presented a shorter，simplified version of his speech.
昨晚，总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲。
[例2] Millions of people want new，simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
数以百万计的人们想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。
[造句] 上面的例子是简化了的。
The example above is simplified.
[知识拓展]
simple adj. 简单的；朴素的
simplify vt. 简化
simplification n. 简化；单纯化
simply adv. 简单地；朴素地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I hope his appointment will simplify(simple) matters.
②A number of simplifications(simple) have been made to the taxation system.
[小片段助记]
He simplified that formula.The simplification made it look simpler, and we can use it simply.
arrangement n．计划；安排；整理
(教材P58) facts and arrangements
事实和安排
[例1] If you are agreeable，my husband's office will make all the necessary arrangements.
如果你同意，我丈夫的事务所将作出所有必要的安排。
[例2] We made arrangements with them to meet in a week.
我们和他们约定一星期内见面。
[造句] 我们学院负责筹办这次会议。
Our college is to make arrangements for the meeting.
[知识拓展]
(1)make an arrangement 筹备；安排
(2)arrange vt. 安排；整理；筹备
arrange (for) sth. 安排……；协商……
arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange (with sb.) to do sth. 安排(与某人)做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I've arranged to go(go) with him to tomorrow's football match.
②The staff will be happy to help arrange for you to swim，sail，or water ski.
③The hotel manager will arrange for a babysitter.
[小片段助记]
My old brother made an arrangement for the coming party.He arranged for me to buy some decorations.
as a result结果；因此
(教材P58) As a result，we remember them much better，as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
因此，我们会更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们记忆中的经历。
[例1] As a result，they rarely collect data，or only after a problem has been detected.
结果，它们很少收集数据，或者只在检测到问题后才收集数据。
[例2] As a result，software built for one will not easily run on the other.
结果是，为某个平台开发的软件不易于在另一个平台运行。
[造句] 结果，日产量翻了一番。
As a result，daily output has doubled.
[知识拓展]
as a result of 由于
result in 导致，造成
result from 由于；由……引起
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①When you do something with faith，it will result in success.
②Children's fear and dislike of books may result from being made to read aloud before others.
③As a result of his illness，he was late for class.
④It's generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.
＝It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted in his cancer.
＝It's generally believed that he suffered from cancer as a result of the overfull tiredness.
sharp adj.急剧的；猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；敏锐的
(教材P59) According to him，the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
据他说，最严重的失忆发生在学习后的早期。
[例1] With a sharp knife，make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast.
用锋利的刀子斜着切开鸡胸脯。
[例2] His nose was thin and sharp.
他的鼻子又细又尖。
[造句] 他很机敏、思维敏捷并且能机智应答。
He is very sharp，a quick thinker and swift with repartee.
[知识拓展]
sharp call/corner/turn 尖叫/尖角/急转弯
look sharp 看上去很精神；注意
sharply adv. 急剧地；锐利地
sharpen vt. 削尖；使锋利
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The report was sharply(sharp) critical of the police.
②The lead broke on this pencil，so I have to sharpen(sharp) it.
significantly adv.显著地；重大地
(教材P59) This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly help us to remember the information.
这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。
[例1] The two sets of figures are not significantly different.
这两组数字没有明显差别。
[例2] The French entente with Great Britain had already been significantly extended.
法国和英国之间友好协议的范围已经大幅度拓宽。
[造句] 但他们在所有其他测试中明显表现的更好。
But they performed significantly better in all other tests.
[知识拓展]
(1)significant adj. 有意义的，显著的，意味深长的
a significant look/smile 意味深长的表情/微笑
(2)significance n. 重要性；意义
be of no/great significance 无关紧要的/意义重大的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Profits have increased significantly (significant) over the past few years.
②Television is of great significance(significant)in shaping our ideas.
recommend vt.推荐，介绍；建议，劝告
(教材P108) I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature，such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.
我建议你试试简单的经典文学作品，比如用易于理解的英语重写的短篇故事和小说。
[例1] I recommend the book to all my students.
我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。
[例2] The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
报告提议工资增加10%。
[造句] 我们建议你早点儿预订航班。
We'd recommend you to book your flight early.
[知识拓展]
(1) 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb.for... 推荐某人做(某职位)
recommend sb.as... 推荐某人为……
(2)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb.(should)do 建议……(从句用虚拟语气)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My teacher recommended a book on English study to me.
②I recommend you to obey (obey) the safety regulations.
③I recommend going(go) by air for a tour somewhere.
effectively adv.有效地
(教材P108)...I'm sure you can learn English effectively.
……我相信你能有效地学习英语。
[例1] The company must reduce costs to compete effectively.
公司要有效地参与竞争必须降低成本。
[例2] You dealt with the situation very effectively.
你应付那种局面很有一套。
[造句] 你如何有效地管理所有这些东西？
How do you effectively manage all the stuff
[知识拓展]
(1)effect n． 效果，作用；影响
in effect 实际上；事实上
be of no effect 无效；没有作用
put/bring...into effect 实施；使生效
come into effect 开始生效；开始实施
have an effect on 对……产生影响
take effect 见效；开始实施
(2)effective adj. 有效的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All our efforts were of no effect.
②This will，in effect，make your television a computer.
③Long prison sentences can be a very effective(effect) deterrent for offenders.
[小片段助记]
The new regulation will come into effect on May 1，2022，which will have an effect on traffic.People think it is an effective way to stop drunk driving.
Sentence Pattern
this is because...“这是因为……”
(教材P58) This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[句式分析]
句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，This有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。
[例1] I believe this is because I never loved him.
我相信这是因为我从来没有爱过他。
[例2] This is because it requires each member of the team to think differently.
这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。
[造句] 这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。
This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.
[知识拓展]
That's why... “那是……的原因”，why后接结果。
That's because... “那是因为……”，because后接原因。
The reason why...is that...
“……的理由是……”，reason作主语时表
语从句用that引导。
The reason that/which...is that...
……的理由是……(that/which引导定语从句)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That's why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
②The reason why he was successful was that he had worked hard.
③He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.
④ The reason that/which he gave for his being late was that he got up late.
教材 高考
1.facts and arrangements (2020·天津卷)Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
2.As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories. (2020·江苏卷)As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.
4.I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'll have enough money in my pocket so that I can pay them off.
2．That is why our marriages fail，and we have all this fighting.
3．You may find this a bit overcomplicated，so I will simplify(simple) it.
4．We recommend that you (should) start(start) by reading the first article in this series.
5．We have to be experts in all aspects of communication in order to do this effectively(effective)．
6．She telephoned Ellen，but made no arrangements(arrange) to see her.
7．The injury resulted in the loss of sight in one eye.
8．Please sharpen(sharp) the edge of this axe.
9．Ideas about the social significance(significant) of religion have changed over time.
10．Professor Smith's lecture on body language was so important that all of the students took it seriously(serious)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
take it easy；as a result；be curious about；in one way or another；be honoured to do
1．Every one of them can be helpful in one way or another．
2．Don't be curious about things you are not supposed to know.
3．I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.
4．Just take it easy，maybe spend some time with old friends.
5．As a result，there are fewer blacks and Hispanics on campus in the state.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1.emotional(emotion) connections.Memories in childhood are often emotional because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or 2.excitement(excite)．Try to connect something to our emotions and retell 3.what we have learnt to a few others.A person with a 4.photographic (photograph) memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event for a long time，but no one has proved that there are people 5.with photographic memories.But there are some people who have 6.amazing(amaze) memories such as Daniel Tammet and Stephen Wiltshire.We need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions helps with memorisation.The 7.sharpest (sharp) loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.8.Reviewing(review) what is learnt helps us remember the information.Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25.After that point，the brain starts to get 9.smaller(small)．By middle age，our memory is worse 10.than when we were young.
主谓一致
[观察例句]
1．Following Jane's way of studying chimps，our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
2．Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
3．Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
4．Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.
5．Ten hours has passed since I came here.
[归纳用法]
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．只表示复数意义的名词people，police，cattle等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子、皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。
2．集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。
As far as I know，his family is a big one.(强调整体)据我所知，他家是一个大家庭。
When I visited them yesterday，the family were having dinner.(强调成员)
昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。
3．只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，scenery，jewellery，equipment等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
His luggage is very heavy，and he needs someone to help him.
他的行李很重，需要有人帮他一下。
The scenery of this mountainous area is beautiful，which has attracted many tourists.
这个山区的风景很美，吸引了很多游客。
4．单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等作主语时，根据其表达的单复数的意义而定。
All possible means have been tried，but none of which is perfect.
所有可能的方法都试了，但是没有一个是完美的。
Every possible means has been tried and the result is very good.
每一个可能的方法都试了而且结果非常好。
5．只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The goods of the store are of high quality.
这个商店的货物质量好。
Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable.
她的衣服总是很漂亮而且时尚。
6．表示成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My shoes don't fit my feet，so I have to buy another pair.
我的鞋不合脚，因此我只好再买一双。
The glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive.
她昨天买的眼镜很贵。
[名师点津]
表示成双成套的名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的形式而定。
A new pair of glasses was bought yesterday for her by her friend.
昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①His family is(be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.
②My family are (be) going on a trip this summer.
③Look! Those cattle are (be) eating grass on the hill now.
二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
主语 谓语动词
由and或both...and连接，其内容是复数 复数
由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接 就近原则
主语后有with，together with，along with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except等词或短语时 单复数与前面的主语一致
Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer research.
吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。
Both Jim and his parents were sitting in the shade of a large tree.
吉姆和他父母都坐在一棵大树的树荫下。
Either you or the president is to deliver a speech about the topic.
关于这个主题，要么你要么主席来发表演讲。
Not only he but also I look down upon those who always rely on others.
不仅仅他，我也瞧不起那些一直依赖别人的人。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely.
学生和老师都不知道她行为怪异的原因。
[名师点津]
and与谓语动词的单数
(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket.
每一位老师和学生都发了一张票。
Every hour and (every) minute is important for us.
每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。
(2)当and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时，谓语动词要用单数。
The writer and poet is coming soon.
那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人，注意poet前无冠词)
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
My neighbour and colleague is watering the flowers.
我的邻居，也是我的同事，正在浇花。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is regarded(regard) as one of the best all round forms of exercise.
②A library with five thousand books was offered(offer) to the area as a gift last year.
③Each actor and each actress was (be) invited to our school yesterday.
三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致
1．表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Five minutes isn't enough to finish this work.
要完成这项工作，5分钟是不够的。
2．some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词而定。
Most of the workers are against the plan.
大部分工人反对这个计划。(指代可数名词复数)
The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city.剩下的淡水已被送入城中。(指代不可数名词)
3．“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，“the number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have made up their minds to take part in after school activities.
许多学生已经下定决心参加课外活动。
The number of students who have made up their minds to take part in after school activities is 120.
已经下定决心参加课外活动的学生人数是120.
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①Many people say 1，000 dollars is(be) a lot of money.
②About 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered (cover)with water.
③The number of the students in middle school is (be) increasing year on year.
④The rest of the girls are (be) fond of music.
四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致
1．either，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of the books is worth reading.
每本书都值得读。
2．both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both of the sisters are interested in medicine.
姐妹俩都对医学感兴趣。
3．all指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
All are present at the meeting today.
今天所有的人都参加了会议。
All of the information is very important.
所有的信息都很重要。
4．none指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
None of them is/are aware of the danger.
他们中没有人意识到危险。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①Since everyone is (be)here，let's begin our meeting.
②None of the information about him has(have) been received.
③All are (be) willing to reach an agreement.
五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致
1．单个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to your English study.
每天早晨朗读英语对你的英语学习大有好处。
Staring at someone in public is impolite.
在公众场合盯着某人看是不礼貌的。
2．当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
What he said has been recorded.
他说的话已被录音。
What we badly need are good teachers.
我们急需的是好老师。
3．there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。
There is a table and four chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词与先行词一致。
Mr.Smith，who is now downstairs，is asking to see you.
史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。
5．the＋adj.指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
The rich make slaves of the poor.
富人把穷人变成奴隶。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
①What I say and think are (be) none of your business.
②There is(be) an old temple and some ancient trees on the top of the mountain.
③Having a balanced diet in our daily life is(be) good to us all.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I，who am (be) your close friend，will try my best to help you out of trouble.
2．My father，together with his workmates，has (have) been to Beijing.
3．Listening to music makes (make) me relaxed after a busy day.
4．The number of employees was(be) reduced from 40 to 25.
5．Not only the teacher but also his students like (like) playing football.
6．The population of China is (be) larger than that of any other country in the world.
7．The injured in the accident were (be) all taken to the nearby hospital.
8．Fifty dollars is (be) too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully.
9．Few of his family are (be) in support of him，which makes him very sad.
10．It is said that everybody is (be) going to take part in the game this afternoon.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The Netherlands 1.is(be) one of the most beautiful countries in Europe，so Tom and Jack decided to travel there.The first day，they enjoyed the sunrise.Milk and a hamburger 2.was(be) a good breakfast for them.Not only did they take part in activities，but they tasted many delicious foods.Every boy and every girl in the Netherlands 3.was(be)friendly to them.The second day，Tom as well as Jack，4.was(be) going to visit a forested area.In Tom's opinion，wolves or tigers 5.are(be)dangerous animals，so he expected to come across either of them.Along the path which was full of bushes，and different kinds of butterflies 6.were(be) flitting from flower to flower.The government 7.has(have) taken plenty of measures to protect the area，so the surroundings 8.were(be)so attractive.Even though the wild animals didn't appear，they completely enjoyed this scenery around them.
What 9.is(be)the most important thing in your life？Through this journey，Tom and Jack understand even if the wonderful time is so short，it's just like a flash of beauty，while the more you enjoy the moment you're in，the more treasures it will bring.And many a moment still 10.keeps(keep) the memory，then frames the eternal happiness.
PAGE
23Section Ⅲ Reading & Writing
阅读教材P62中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．How many facts does the writer know according to Paragraph 2
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
2．Which is NOT the way to improve our memory
A．Try to make connections with what we have learnt.
B．Learn to do “spaced review”．
C．Make plans for the work we need to do.
D．Strengthen our memory.
[答案] 1－2 BD
Words and Phrases
make use of利用
(教材P62) I should make the best use of it.
我应该充分利用它。
[例1] So by the 1600s，Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
[例2] We should think of the use we made of such material.
我们应该考虑一下使用这种材料的情况。
[造句] 这里有许多东西你可以利用。
There is a great deal here that you can make use of.
[知识拓展]
make good use of 好好利用
make the best/most use of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
make little use of 很少利用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should make full use of the Internet when we do research work.
②We should consider what use we can make of such books.
fit in融入；相适应
(教材P65) Living in a foreign country sounds exciting，but it's not always easy to fit in with another culture.
生活在异国听起来很刺激，但融入另一种文化并不总是容易的。
[例1] She didn't fit in and she had few social graces.
她不适合这种场合，对社交礼仪所知甚少。
[例2] His plans to take his vacation early in August fit in with mine.
他打算8月初休假的计划正好与我的计划相符合。
[造句] 这是个好想法，但它与我们的计划不相符。
It's a good idea，but it does not fit in with our plans.
[知识拓展]
(1)fit in with sb./sth. 与……合得来；适应
fit sth.to sth. 使……与……相符
fit up 安装；安放
(2)be fit to do sth. 适合做某事
be fit for 胜任；适合
keep fit 保持健康
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He tried to fit in with the others，but it was difficult.
②You don't know what he did! He's not fit to be(be) president!
③I recognize that I am not fit for the job.
Sentence Pattern
状语从句的省略
(教材P62) That is to say，most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things．
也就是说，我们大多数人在试图记住事情的时候都要努力。
[句式分析]
句中的when trying to remember things是状语从句，省略了we are。
[例1] As (she was) walking along the river bank，she was singing a pop song.
她在沿着河堤走时正唱着一首流行歌曲。
[例2] While waiting here，Mr.Ford was reading some old magazines.
福特先生趁在这儿等的时候阅读一些旧杂志。
[造句] 当她过马路时，父亲告诉她要当心。
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.
[知识拓展]
在when，while，unless，if等引导的状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语及be动词。
常见的结构：
(1)连词＋＋主句
(2)在if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When completed (complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year.
②The concert was a great success than expected(expect)．
句意猜测类
方法技巧：首先返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文逻辑关系和语义推断该句句意。一般情况下正确答案与语义相同，只是使用其他同义句式或短语来表达。
[例文]
Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her worth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her role as First Lady，in the end，was overshadowed by her performance as an editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much.
◆The underlined sentence in the paragraph probably means that ．
A．Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady
B．Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor
C．Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady
D．Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor
[答案] C
[即学即练] 请快速判断下面划线句子的意思
People find the most satisfying relationships come from a small number of close friends，with an outer “ring”of 10 significant others.With these people，it doesn't matter what type of social media you use for communication.But people who want to “contact the world at large” using Facebook can be disappointed because they spread themselves too thinly，claim researchers．
◆What does the underlined sentence in the paragraph probably suggest
A．They are too excited to express themselves.
B．They limit their social circle to a small range.
C．They spread their information at a low speed.
D．They lack information to introduce themselves.
[答案] B
演讲稿
本单元写作项目是演讲稿。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——提出问题
2．主体(body)——分析问题
3．结尾(ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1．compare with 同……比较
2．be suitable to更适合……
3．draw a conclusion 得出结论
4．provide with 提供……
5．contribute to有助于
6．more than超过
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.
我很荣幸站在这里演讲。
2．The topic of my speech is “Thoughts on becoming a grown up”．
我演讲的主题是“思想成长”。
3．It's nice for me to speak about friendship here.
我很高兴在这里说一下友谊。
★正文佳句
1．As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.
小时候，我一直希望我能尽快长大，这样我就可以随心所欲，为所欲为。
2．I think it is of vital importance because our society is faced with the increasing danger of lack of energy.
我认为这是至关重要的，因为我们的社会正面临着日益严重的能源缺乏的危险。
3．When we help classmates with their study and other things，not only can we develop our friendship but also we can build up a harmonious society.
当我们帮助同学们学习和其他事情时，我们不仅可以发展我们的友谊，而且可以建立一个和谐的社会。
★余味结尾
1．Thank you for your listening.
感谢你的聆听。
2．I strongly suggest trying our best to be admitted into a key university.
我强烈建议尽全力考上重点大学。
3．I think it is of great benefit for us English learners.
我认为这对我们英语学习者非常有益。
假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let's Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。 请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1．目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
注意： 1.词数：80词左右；
2.演讲稿开头和结尾已给出， 但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：低碳生活 low carbon life 节能 energy saving
Good morning, everyone，
I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．
Thank you!
[学生习作]
Good morning, everyone，I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．With the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become more popular, which bring great convenience to our life.But they have also resulted in some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve these problems then In my opinion, riding bicycles is a good solution because they won't give off waste gases.What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.Thank you！ 名师点评：1．本篇习作符合演讲稿的写作要求，能够涵盖要点，并且适当增添细节，文章连贯流畅。2．能够使用with复合结构、which定语从句、动名词作主语等高级的句式写作，使得文章更具有说服力。3．文章只是分析了原因，最好在最后提出倡议，使得文章更加完整。
[升格作文]
Good morning, everyone，
I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．
With the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life.However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve these problems then As far as I'm concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution.Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gases.What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, let's ride e on and join us!
Thank you!
假如你们班将进行“大学毕业后留在大城市还是小城镇”的讨论。请你用英语写一篇80词左右的发言稿，发表你的看法，内容包括：
提出主张：应该回小城镇工作。
陈述理由：1.小城镇污染少，空气清新，水源干净；
2．与喧闹的大城市比起来，小城镇环境安静；
3．小城镇自然景色优美，较市中心更宜居住。
得出结论：居住在小城镇健康长寿，年轻人应该回小城镇工作。
Boys and girls，
Living in a small town and living in a large city both present benefits of their location.
【参考范文】
Boys and girls，
Living in a small town and living in a large city both present benefits of their location.However，I personally prefer to work in a small town after graduating from college.First，there is less pollution in a small town，and therefore I can breathe clean air and drink clean water.Secondly，compared with the noisy big cities，a small town can provide us with a quiet environment.Last but not least，with beautiful natural scenery，small towns are much more suitable to live in than urban centres.
From what has been mentioned above，we can safely draw a conclusion that living in a small town makes it possible for us to live a long and healthy life.Therefore，I call on young people to choose their jobs in a small town.
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7UNIT 9 LEARNING
There is no royal road to learning.
—Anthony Trollope
学无坦途。
——安东尼·特罗洛普
Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.
—Edmund Burke
读书不加思考，如同吃东西不经消化。
——埃德蒙·伯克
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration.
—Thomas Edison
天才等于百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。
——托马斯·爱迪生
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.
—Cicero
学习对于头脑如同食物对于身体，不可缺少。
——西塞罗
Creative abilities are not born with us and it can't improve unless we take efforts.There are some tips to enhance your creative abilities.Firstly，be open minded to ideas.Secondly，pose new questions to yourself every day.Thirdly，engage in creative hobbies.Finally，and most importantly，have courage and build self confidence.
Memory Tricks
Tell yourself to remember.When you learn a person's name，for example，tell yourself，“Remember that.”This signals your unconscious mind to rank this input as more important.
Know why you want to remember something，and how you'll remember it.To remember a person，for example，ask why they'll be important to you in the future，imagine where you'll see them next，and connect that to anything you notice about them.Seeing the importance of remembering really helps，and additional associations (where you expect to see the person next) set the memory more firmly in your brain.
Do you ever forget where you put your car keys？You've probably tried retracing your steps，at least doing it in your imagination.This can work well，but even better is to prevent the forgetting beforehand.When you set the keys on the chair，see yourself walking in and setting the keys on the chair.You won't forget where they are.
There are many more of these memory tricks.If you want them to be useful，though，don't just read about them.Make a memory technique or two into a habit and start today.
[探索发现]
1．Find out what set the memory more firmly.
Additional associations.
2．What advice is given about memory tricks.
Make a memory technique or two into a habit.
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