2022届高考英语语法专项突破复习讲义02
非限制性定语从句知识点总结与练习(含答案解析)
收录于话题
开始今天的话题:非限制性定语从句,或非限定性定语从句;两种叫法仅一字之差,不过都行。
1 为什么专门拎出来写?
高考必考啊!此外,掌握限制/ 非限制性定语从句能让你用得更地道,断句快、狠、准,读起原味小说有种飞流直下的感觉……
2 非限制性定语从句
有次和一高中生聊天,他告诉我,“老师说加逗号的就是非限制性定语从句!”
比如,I love my dad, who never cuts down my allowance. (我爱我爹,他从不少给零花钱。)定语从句前有逗号,所以是非限制性定语从句。
回想下你们是不是也听过这种简单粗暴的解释?虽然不能讲它不对,但加逗号只是其中一个特征,其他的重要区别我们也需要知道,而且学来的都是自己的,赚到。
区分非限制性定语从句 VS 限制性定语从句,有5大要素。
2.1 不牵绳的狗子,丢了也无所谓
重点来了!
>> 限制性定语从句:不可或缺
>> 非限制性定语从句:起补充说明作用,去掉不影响主句。
这样说有些抽象,我们试着想象:
“限制性”是一条穿了牵引绳的狗子,狗身自由被“限制”住了,狗子对主人而言是不可或缺的,狗子绝不能丢了;
“非限制性”是一条没有绑绳的狗子,主人任由它到处溜达,人狗关系不是很亲密,狗子可以回家,但走丢了也不会影响主人心情,狗子是一种可有可无的存在。
看2个例子:
2.2 只有一个爸爸
有时候,一个小小的逗号,就能让整句意思大变。请体会:
这种句子给有文化的歪果仁看到,多不体面啊!你看,学好语法多重要
上面这例句,错就错在一个很小的细节:少加一个逗号;把它变成非限制性定语从句,整个句子就清醒了。
2.3 铁人三项:指代名词、代词或整个主句
非限制性定语从句既跟限制性定语从句一样,能够指代名词、代词,还能指代句子,即前面整个主句。 指代主句时,关系词用 which。
>> 名词
>> 代词
>> 主句
2.4 关系词那点事
请拿出小本本记好,在非限制性定语从句中:
>> 无论如何,关系词都不可省略;
>> 指代整个主句时,用 which;
>> that 和 why 双下岗,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
其他的,和限制性定语从句一样。
“看到逗号就填which”,瓦嘎哩贡,有些老师就这么讲,简直不把其他关系词放在眼里。
如果熟悉好了,先做几个题练练手:
1)The Double 11 shopping event has just passed, ________ means I might live on dirt for the rest of the year.
双11刚过,这意味着到年底我可能都得吃土了。
2)Leehom Wang attended the Talk Show Roast(《吐槽大会》), ________ his holey socks were revealed.
王力宏上了《吐槽大会》,在节目里,他(穿)破洞袜子被扒了~
3)This is the third time that Wu Dajing, ________ won gold in the short-track 500 meters, has broken the world record.
武大靖短道500米夺冠,这是他第三次破世界纪录。
答案
2.5 前面加逗号,隔开主从句
关于从句前加不加逗号,这点你们早知道了,我就不展开了
限制性:不加
非限制性:加
3 as 引导非限制性定语从句
除了以上,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,也喜欢在高考出没。
as 指代整个主句,对主句进行说明,意为“正如”;
请拿出小本本记好:
>> as 常以下面的形式现身:
注:打 ★ 的最爱考~
>> as 从句位置灵活,可位于主句的前面、中间或后面。
>> 对于从句在主句后面的情况,不知道用 as 还是 which 的时候,套用“正如”去理解;如果讲得通,首选 as,稳。
试做几题,判断填 as 还是 which:
1) Dad forgets to flush the toilet, ________ is often the case.
2) Wu Dajing won gold again, ________ we had expected.
3) The man doesn’t wear clothes, ________ makes himself a weirdo.
答案
1)先套用“正如”去理解,as is often the case 正如平时那样/ 这是常事了,as 讲得通,填 as。
2)先套用“正如”去理解,as we had expected 正如我们之前预料的那样,填 as,冇问题。
3)同上,先套用“正如”去理解,正如让他成了个怪咖…… ( _ ) 什么鬼。既然 as 不行,本着严肃认真的作风,我们还需验证下 which 的正确性。
As has been said above(正如上文所说),which 引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代整个主句。那么,那男的一丝不挂,这(个事实)让他自己成了别人眼里的怪蜀黍。合逻辑,所以填 which。
注:其实题1)和 题2)填 as 和 which 都可以;不过在我大中华考试的时候,如果 as “正如” 能够讲得通,首选 as。
4 马上操练
1) The bride didn’t show up in the wedding, ________ surprised everybody present.
2) My ex has just bought a second-hand house, ________ walls are covered with moss(苔藓).
3) I am going to the airport to pick up my sister tonight, ________ she will be back from abroad.
4) The newly-built cafe, the walls of ________ are painted light green, is a relaxing place for us.
5) ________ we all know, the sun rises in the east.
6) The guy, with ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.
7) My sister, ________ is working in Taiwan, finally called me back.
8) Wu Dajing won gold in the short-track 500 meters on Monday, ________ is reported on TV.
9) I was scared to enter the room, ________ is working in Taiwan my boss was having a cow(发飙).
10) He passed the exam, ________ was unexpected.
参考答案:
1) The bride didn’t show up in the wedding, which surprised everybody present.
婚礼上新娘没有出现,在场的人都惊了。
解析:which 指代前面整个主句,即“The bride didn’t show up in the wedding” 这件事让所有人都惊呆了。
2) My ex has just bought a second-hand house, whose walls are covered with moss.
我前任刚买了一套二手房,那墙壁满是青苔。
解析:啥的墙爬满了青苔?房子的墙吖 the house's walls,“XX的XX”这种形式专业点叫做“所有格”,用 whose.
3) I am going to the airport to pick up my aunt tonight, when she will be back from abroad.
我今晚要去机场接我姨,她要回国了。
解析:首先看从句部分 _______ she will be back from abroad,横线上该填什么?
离填空最近的一个词是 tonight,那就大胆尝试把 tonight 套进去看能不能讲通:she will be back from abroad tonight. 完全讲得通!tonight 表示“啥时”,属时间状语,就 when 啦!
4) The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is a relaxing place for us.
那家新咖啡馆是我们的放松之处,他家墙刷的浅绿。
解析:这题和 2)大同小异,都有关“啥的墙”;咖啡馆的墙,可以学 2)写成the cafe's walls,也可以写成 the walls of the cafe,这题取后者的用法,the cafe 用什么关系词替代?当然是 which 啦。
5) As we all know, the sun rises in the east.
众所周知,太阳从东边升起。
解析:as 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,意为“正如”。
如果觉得这样记吃力,也可以直接把 as we all know, as is known to all 这类从句当成固定搭配来记~
6) The guy, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.
那货还玩得挺嗨,我跟他去的演唱会。
解析:我是跟人类去的演唱会,加之看到介词 with,毫无悬念,后面填宾语形式的关系词 whom。
7) The phone call is from my sister, who is working in Taiwan.
这电话是我妹给我打的,她在台湾工作呢~
解析:略
8) Wu Dajing won gold in the short-track 500 meters on Monday, as is reported on TV.
武大靖于周一短道速滑500米夺冠,正如电视所报道。
解析:再略
9) I was scared to enter the room, where/ in which my boss was having a cow.
我都很怕进那间屋,老板正在里面发飙呢。
解析:My boss was having a cow 老板正在发飙,已经是一个完整的句子。但怎样才能跟前面的先行词 room 联系起来咧↓
My boss was having a cow in the room. 能替代地点状语 in the room 的关系词,只有 where;此外,上期讲过,where = 介词 + which,即 in which 也可以吼。
10) He passed the exam, which was unexpected.
他(竟然)考过了,万万没想到啊。
解析:要说这10题里面最难的,就它了。是不是很多人填 as 啦 ( ._.`)\(' ' )
我们讲过,as 引导非限制性定语从句的时候,意思是“正如”。什么是正如?结果和预期一样才叫正如。可题中为 unexpected,没有预料到的,就不能填表示“正如”的 as 啊。
如此一来,能够指代前面整个主句的,只剩下 which 了。