2013高考英语：宾语从句（专题复习）
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2013高考英语：宾语从句（专题复习）
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (主从)
The question is whether she should finish it on time (表从)
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （宾从）
I wonder whether he will come or not. （宾从）
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay （宾从）
4. 在宾语从句中，时态要一致：
1）若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。
【例】 he is having supper now.
he saw the film yesterday.
he will go to Shanghai next week.
I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.
he often goes to work by bus.
he has read the magazine before.
2）若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。
【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)
He said he would come to see me next week.(true)
He said he has been there.(false)
He said he had been there.(true) 他说他曾经在这。
2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
5. 宾语从句中的否定转移
注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
例如： 我认为他不会来这里. I think he won’t come here. (false)
I don’t think he will come here. (true)
我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I don’t think we should lend him money.
我相信他不会这样做。 I don’t believe he will do so.
6.动词的宾语从句
1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 2) 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win. I have found out that all the tickets have been sold out.
He told us that they would help us. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句. 常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
注意：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the park.. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
7.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how she escaped from the prison.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
8.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
9.在宾语从句中应注意句型：
what is the matter with him.(true)
I don't know what's wrong with him.(true)
what wrong is with him.(false)
what the matter is with him.(false)
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (主从)
The question is whether she should finish it on time (表从)
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （宾从）
I wonder whether he will come or not. （宾从）
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay （宾从）
4. 在宾语从句中，时态要一致：
1）若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。
【例】 he is having supper now.
he saw the film yesterday.
he will go to Shanghai next week.
I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.
he often goes to work by bus.
he has read the magazine before.
2）若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。
【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)
He said he would come to see me next week.(true)
He said he has been there.(false)
He said he had been there.(true) 他说他曾经在这。
2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
5. 宾语从句中的否定转移
注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
例如： 我认为他不会来这里. I think he won’t come here. (false)
I don’t think he will come here. (true)
我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I don’t think we should lend him money.
我相信他不会这样做。 I don’t believe he will do so.
6.动词的宾语从句
1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 2) 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win. I have found out that all the tickets have been sold out.
He told us that they would help us. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句. 常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
注意：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the park.. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
7.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how she escaped from the prison.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
8.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
9.在宾语从句中应注意句型：
what is the matter with him.(true)
I don't know what's wrong with him.(true)
what wrong is with him.(false)
what the matter is with him.(false)