Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting Events
学案 6 Self- assessment
I. Teaching Aims:（教学目标）
The self-assessment at the end of this unit aims to let students determine what they have achieved, and what else they can do to improve their study.
II. Teaching Steps: (教学步骤)
Step 1: Ask students to check how well they have developed skills for each item in English and get a score.
Step 2: Let students make an action plan to improve what they have not achieved well.
III. Key points in this unit:
Words:
committee n 委员会 IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会
delighted adj 愉快的，高兴的 significance n 重要性，重要意义 significant adj
tradition 传统习俗contemporary adj 当代的medal n 奖牌，奖章 gold medals 金牌
championship n 锦标赛，冠军地位 flame 火焰 light the Olympic flame 点燃奥运火炬
absence n 缺席，不在 absent-minded 心不在焉的 excite vt 使兴奋，使激动
hurdle n 跨栏，难关，障碍 110-metres hurdles gymnastics n 体操，体操训练
final adj 最后的，最终的 final match 决赛 joy n 喜悦，欢乐 to one’s joy 令某人喜悦的事 boundary n 边界，界限 movement n 社会运动，移动，活动 stadium n 体育场，运动场 transport n/v 交通运输系统，运输 citizen n 公民 otherwise adv 否则，要不然 if not routine n 常规，惯例 origin n 起源 由来 original
frequent adj 经常发生的，频繁的 technique n 技巧，技术budget n 预算
remove vt 去除，去掉，移开，开除 referee n 裁判员 bitter adj 苦的
meanwhile adv 在此期间，其间 precious adj 贵重的，珍贵的
2. Phrases:
play an important role 发挥重要作用 enjoy playing different sports 喜欢玩不同的运动
be delighted to 高兴做某事 Share…with… 与…分享… compete vi 竞争，比赛
He competed for the first prize against/with other athletes in the competition.
at the end 最后 every four years 每四年 in honor of 为了纪念 from around the world 来自全世界 side by side 一起；并肩的 shoulder to shoulder go on to do sth.继续做某事
realize (live) this dream 实现这个梦想 under his birth name以他出生时的名字
at the opening ceremony 在开幕典礼上 know of 听说过，知道有… be recognized as 被公认为… lead the way 领先 hang on (在逆境中)坚持 attempt n make an attempt to do sth/ in an attempt to do sth 努力，尝试做某事
v attempt sth/to do sth
attempted adj 未遂的，企图的 attempted murder
look forward to 期待着 to 介词 join sb in sth.(doing sth) 加入某人做某事
match its glorious past与它光荣的过去相匹配 pass sth on (to sb) 转交，传递，递给
make contributions to 对…做出贡献 after 32 years’ absence缺席了32年
bring joy to people 把快乐带给人们 dive into the water潜水
get dressed 穿好衣服 host the Olympic 主办奥运会 live peacefully平静地生活
why not do sth 为什么不做某事 what/how about doing sth 做什么事情怎么样
be similar to 与…相似 meet the requirement 符合要求enter sth. into sth使某物进入某物
make way for 给…让路 keep …..under control 控制 .make it possible for sb to do
使某人有可能干某事 at least 至少 apply to 适用于， 向…申请 或要求
keep a close watch on 密切注视 严密监视 by accident 偶然
3. Reading：
1. Reading strategy ------ How to read a speech
2. Know more about the history and significance of Olympic Games and athletes.
3. Language focuses.
4. Word power:
1) Have a basic knowledge of word building..
2) Enlarge students’ vocabulary------ hard-working well-trained tax-free
easy-going warm-hearted air-dropped soft-boiled well-educated
sightseeing mouth-watering happy-go-lucky brand new outgoing
3) Let students know more about the formation of compound words.
4) Let students know more about vocabulary about Olympic sports and events.
5. Grammar: Model verbs
1. Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.
2. Learn to master the general usage of modal verbs.
can/could/be able to may/might must/have to
will/would shall should
need dare
should/ought to +have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to+ have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。
might +have done表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”, 或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
could +have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
needn’t +have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。
6. Task:
Learn how to listen for specifics in a conversation
Learn how to get the true meaning of the speaker.
Learn how to make some suggestions.
advise sb. to do sth./ suggest (sb.) doing sth.
advise/suggest that sb. + should +v.
One’s advice/suggestion is that sb. + should +V
give sb. some advice on …
Why not… /Why don’t you…
7. Project:
1. To encourage Ss to use what they’ve learnt throughout the unit to complete a project.
2. To know more information about sports in the Olympic Games.
3. To know how to cooperate and do the project together.
4. To know the process of entering a sport into the Olympics:
First,…
(1) meet many requirements Second,…
Third,…
(2) considered by the IOC
(3) A current sport is dropped and a new sport is added.
IV. Exercises for self-assessment:
一．单项选择
1. Teaching is a(n) ______ job which should be respected by all of us.
A. funny B. honorable C. interesting D. boring
2. We should do what we can to _______ the teachers’ requirements.
A. fill B. meet C. give D. use
3. Her new image is totally different from her _____ one.
A. previous B. fashionable C. current D. unique
4. I feel much better now; _____, I would have called the doctor.
A. eventually B. finally C. however D. otherwise
5. The game has been _________ in this small town for hundreds of years and is still very popular.
A. learned B. practiced C. managed D. made
6. Sometimes he _____ wander around the hill all the afternoon. It’s his habit.
A. should B. will C. must D. can
7. The trees will be cut down to _______ the highway.
A. make contribution to B. make way for
C. turn into D. turn up
8. They couldn’t keep the fire _________ control and the whole house burned to the ground.
A. under B. above C. on D. off
9. Don’t worry about the ticket. You _____ get one! I can promise you.
A. shall B. might C. could D. dare
10. —I usually go there by train.
—Why not ________ by boat for a change
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
11. All of his ______ went to watch the match and cheered for him.
A. opponents B. astronauts C. supporters D. witnesses
12. The customers won’t buy the products if we don’t ______ the quality.
A. ensure B. cure C. promise D. indicate
13. He was ______ from school because of his bad performance.
A. taken B. recovered C. dropped D. removed
14. All of the robbers ______ in this case were caught by the police.
A. connected B. involving C. involved D. filled
15.We’ll ________ a trip to the mountain next week. Will you ________ us
A. go to; join in B. go on; join C. go on with; attend D. go in for; join
16. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
17. Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !
A. wouldn’ t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
18. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--- You ________ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
19. You might as well tell the manager that male customers _____ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
20. —How is Dennis getting along with his work
— Well, he could always ________ a new idea for increasing sales.
A. come up with B. come about C. get away with D. get up
21. The doctor always ________ him not to smoke, but he didn’t ________ it.
A. suggested; take B. advised; follow C. demanded; listen D. warned; listen
22. What he did suggested that he ________ little education.
A. receive B. received C. should receive D. receives
23. Will you please write the words ________ I mean you write them on the first line and then the third line and so on.
A. every third line B. every second lines C. every other lines D. every other line
24. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ___ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
25. --- I don’t mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
26. Do you know which country _______ the 28th Olympic Games
A. held B. hosted C. opened D. celebrated
27. The four mountain climbers at last arrived at ________ they called “Mo Tian Ling”.
A. that B. what C. where D. which
28. --- It’s been raining for a whole week. I think it’ll get fine soon.
--- _________. We are getting into the rainy season now.
A. Yes, it will. B. Of course not. C. It’s possible. D. It’s hard to say.
29. He failed once again in his experiment, _______, this did not worry him. He kept on working until he succeeded.
A. however B. but C. therefore D. and
30. Miss Li _______ the role _______ the white-haired girl in this play.
A. plays; of B. plays; in C. takes; as D. takes; in
二. 完形填空
A Fan of Dae Jang Geum 《大长今》影迷
Dae Jang Geum (《大长今》) is a hot new Korean TV series. Because of this series, my personal status and living standard have been greatly ___1__. My girlfriend used to cook every evening. Well, now she does nothing but ___2__ in front of the TV when she’s not __3__, and commands me, “You — go to make some instant e and watch the play and just imagine we are enjoying Korean __4___.”
She also swears to __5__ all Korean dishes in Dae Jang Geum. So she orders me to __6__ the TV and record any details of Jang Geum’s cooking. But when she presented her version of Korean food, it is like the dog-meal. “You can __7__ get things done if you find the right tools”, my girlfriend blamed her clumsy (笨拙的) kitchen performances on __8__. So I decided to __9__ her a new kitchen knife. In a store, she became unusually __10__ when making her selection. She finally picked one that was __11__ Jang Geum’s. To prove that her slow knife skill was due to the blunt (钝的) knives, she __12__ her cutting. As a result, she hurt her fingers three times. Fortunately the knife is not __13__ the salesman boasts.
My girlfriend is a fan of Jang Geum’s Korean __14__. Not only did she talk about the dress every day, she also threatened to change my tie into a __15__ like the one on Jang Geum’s dress. Finally, I lost my patience and took her to a maternity shop (孕妇专卖店) where I recommend (推荐) one suit to her, “Do you think it looks like a Korean dress ” __16__, my future parents-in-law just happened to be shopping at the time. They were __17__ when they saw what we were doing.
The Dae Jang Geum series __18__ realizing the ambition of the youth. However, it fails to realize my girlfriend’s. __19__ being engaged in her work or study, she simply sits on the sofa every night, staring at the TV, a bag of chips in her hand. This situation has __20_ even though the series is now over.
1. A. increased B. degraded C. depressed D. raised
2. A. to sit B. lie C. seat D. sit
3. A. at work B. at table C. on leave D. on business
4. A. fruit B. vegetables C. dishes D. cakes
5. A. eat B. learn C. cook D. perform
6. A. stand for B. go by C. pass by D. stand by
7. A. easily B. hardly C. difficultly D. carefully
8. A. her forks B. her spoons C. her knives D. her pans
9. A. buy B. borrow C. lend D. fetch
10. A. careless B. alert C. patient D. modest
11. A. better than B. the closest shape of C. sharper than D. taken from
12. A. speeded up B. slowed down C. brought down D. improved
13. A. as fast as B. as dull as C. as slow as D. as sharp as
14. A. diet style B. dish flavor C. dressing style D. cooking style
15. A. inside pocket B. butterfly knot C. pretty collar D. long belt
16. A. Coincidently B. Disappointedly C. Fortunately D. Excitedly
17. A. very puzzled B. pretty satisfied C. very pleased D. pretty shocked
18. A. shoots at B. aims at C. directs at D. works at
19. A. In spite of B. Because of C. Instead of D. In case of
20. A. changed little B. turned a lot C. developed a little D. improved a lot
三. 阅读理解
A
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration（迁移）is probably the migration of the fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mice. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobsters（龙虾）. Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
51.Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to __________ .
A. give birth B. enjoy warmer weather C. find food more easily D. find beautiful places 52. The fish called “salmon” spends a long life in __________ .
A. salt water B. rivers C. fresh water D. its birthplace
53. The mice in northern Europe move when __________ .
A. they give birth B. the weather is bad
C. the place gets too crowded D. they haven’t enough food
54. The lobsters move __________ .
A. to the fresh water B. to the sea floor
C. at a certain time D. to find more food
55. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Animals move in order to find food more easily.
B. The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.
C. Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.
D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.
B
In the United States 84 colleges now accept just women. Most of them were established in the 19th century; they were designed to offer women the education they could not receive anywhere else. At that time major universities and colleges accepted only men. In the past 20 years many young women have chosen to study at colleges that accept both men and women. As a result some women's colleges decided to accept men students too. Others, however, refused to change. Now these schools are popular again. The president of Trinity College in Washington, D. C. said that by the end of the 1980s women began to recognize that studying at the same school with men did not mean women were having an equal chance to learn. The president of Smith College in Massachusetts says a women's college permits women to choose classes and activities freely. For example, she says that in women's college a higher percentage of students studies mathematics than in a college with both men and women .Educational experts say men students in the United States usually speak in class more than women students do. In a women's college, women feel freer to say what they think. Women's schools also bring out leadership capabilities in many women. Women are represented everywhere. For example, at a women's college every evening, office is held by a woman. Recent studies reportedly show that American women who went to Women's colleges are more likely to hold successful jobs later in life.
56. Most of women's colleges were established ____________.
A. to give women the education they could not receive anywhere else
B. to separate women from men
C. to offer women special chances for work
D. to help women have more study opportunities
57. Some women's colleges decided to accept men students because __________.
A. teaching women is more difficult than teaching men
B. many young women choose to study at colleges with both men and women
C. study with men is more challenged
D. women and men can have equal chances of competition
58. From the passage we know that. __________.
A. more and more women's colleges are being established now
B. more and more women like to study in colleges with both men and women
C. there are more women's colleges than colleges with both men and women in the USA
D. both Trinity College and Smith College are women's colleges
59. According to this passage, if a woman wants to hold successful jobs, she'd better ________.
A. study in colleges with both men and women B. study in Trinity College
C. learn from the president of Smith College D. study in women's college
C
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which topics are considered taboo in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. Expect questions about your family, and be sure to show pictures of your children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting--and they can cover pretty much or any topic--as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent manner. In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China, and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they're trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children. As a general rule, it's best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one's salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticize a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host's team.
60. The author considers politics and religion __________.
A. cheerful topics B. taboo C. rude topics D. topics that can never be talked about
61. Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author
A. Sports. B. Children. C. Personal feelings. D. Families.
62. Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others
A. They don't want to talk with others much.
B. They don't want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation.
C. They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.
D. They want to keep their feelings to themselves.
D
Have you ever imagined what kind of car we will be driving in 2020 It will be rather different from the type we know today, with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50. The people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate(促进，加快) the pace of the car’s development. Today they are students on the transport design course at London’s Royal College of Art.
Their vision of a machine with three wheels instead of four is electrically powered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along “intelligent” roads equipped with built-in(内置的) power supplies. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city.
Instead of today’s seating arrangements-two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward-the 2010 car will have a versatile(多方向的) inside with adults and children in a family circle.
This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated(复杂的) road system, with strips built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them. Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is to say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.
63. A future car will use electrical power, because it is __________. .
A. safer B. cheaper C. cleaner D. faster
64. A future car will have all the following features(特点) EXCEPT ________. .
A. being three-wheeled B. running without anyone in it
C. driving along special roads D. with a versatile seating arrangement
65. What is the main idea of the text
A. Future cars will be completely different from the automobiles we know today.
B. The design of future cars will be more sophisticated.
C. Because of the new type of cars, our future environment will become cleaner.
D. The road system will become more sophisticated than it is today.
四. 任务型阅读
Happy birthday! Do birthday really make people happy Of course they do．Birthday celebrate the day when we were born．Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggest another year of growth and maturity（成熟）—or so we hope．We all like to imagine that we are getting wiser and not just older．Most of us enjoy seeing the wonder of growth in others, as well．For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud．For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process．But growing old That is a different story．
Growing old is not exactly for people in youth-oriented（以年轻人为中心）American culture．Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young．As the old saying goes, “You’re young as you feel．” Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old．People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom．But Americans seem to favor those that are young, or at least “young at heart”．
Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything but golden．Economically, “senior citizens” often struggle just to get by．Retirement at the age of 65 brings a sharp decrease in personal income．Social security benefits usually cannot make up the difference．Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care, and housing．Some even experience age discrimination（歧视）．American sociologist Pat Moore once dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets．She was often treated rudely--even cheated and robbed．However, dressed as a young person, she received much more respect．
Unfortunately, the elderly population in America is increasing fast．Why People are living longer．Fewer babies are being born．And middle-aged “baby boomers” are rapidly entering the group of the elderly．America may soon be a place where wrinkles（皱纹）are “in”．Marketing experts are ready noticing this growing group of consumer．
Title: Different Opinions About 1.______ Old
Aspects Descriptions / Details
General idea Growing older, being mature and 2._______
Positive attitude About the 4._______ A wonderful process: children 5._____ and learning new things, enjoying another birthday party
About the old Being respected by the young
Being 6. ____ as a source of experience and wisdom
Living happily in the “golden years”
3.______ attitude Never being young again
Feeling lonely in a youth-oriented culture
Economical 7.________: personal income decreasing 8._________.
Health problem: suffering from poor nutrition and other diseases
Housing problems: poor and simple
9._________ problems: being ill-treated --- experiencing age discrimination, cheating and robbery
Solutions Improving social 10.__________ benefits
The young caring for and respecting the old
五. 单词拼写
1. However, the ICO is looking at revising the number and type of sports i_______ in the Olympics in he future, so Wushu fans may finally get what they are hoping for.
2. All the necessary steps had been taken to e_______ their safety.
3. Without p_______, there would be no theory.
4. She needs a high income to s________ such a large family.
5. The competition was fierce. However, he beat his o_______ by three sets to two in the end.
6. China, India, Korea and Indonesia are all A_______ countries.
7. Beijing, host of the 2008 Olympics, is now having several big s_______ built.
8. The foreigner could express himself with his ________(有限的) Chinese.
9. I ran all the way to school, o________ I would have been late.
10. As we joined the big crowd I got s_______ from my friends.
六. 书面表达
为了迎接奥运会，学校开展了“体育周”活动。学校英语广播电台举办了征文比赛，请同学们谈一谈自己最喜欢的运动。请你以“My Favorite Sport”为题，写一篇文章参赛。
1. 最喜欢的运动是什么； 2. 为什么喜欢这项运动。
注意：包括上述要点，可以适当发挥。120词左右
.学案 3 Grammar and Usage
Teaching aims: （学习目标）
1. Develop the students’ ability of using the grammar rules to make correct sentences.
2. Help the students to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
3. Use the compound sentences introduced by neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…
4. Learn the object complement
Teaching important points (学习重点)
------ Grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
Teaching difficult points: (学习难点)
------ The rules of subject-verb agreement
Teaching methods:
1. Students-centered.
2. Teacher and students’ interaction
3. Multimedia way.
Teaching Steps:
Task 1. Learn the object complement
Step 1. Help the students to review the different types of objects.
Step 2. Learn the object complement by doing the exercises .
Step 3. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Task 2. Learn the subject-verb agreement.
Step 1. Ask the students to fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms.
Step 2. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Step 3. Ask the students to do Part A and Part B.( p.51)
Grammar rules of subject-verb agreement:
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：
语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)
意义一致原则 (notional concord)
就近原则 (principle of proximity)
（一）语法一致原则
用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：
1. This table is a genuine antique.
2. Both parties have their own advantages.
（二）意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如：
1. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
2. The United States is a developed country.
3. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
（三）就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
例如： 1. Either my grandsons or their father ______(be) coming.
2. Not his daughter but my friends _______(agree) with him.
3. Neither Richard nor I _______(be) going.
4. Not only he but also I ____(be) interested in sports.
More rules:
一．集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题。 有些集合名词， 如： crew, committee, family, gang, government, group, class, staff, team, union等，当表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数，当表示其中的成员时，谓语动词用复数。
例如： 1.The family ______(be)a happy one.
2. The family ______(be) kind.
通常作复数的集体名词包括police, people, cattle,等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。
例如： 1. The British police ______ (have)only very limited powers.
2. Cattle _______(feed) on grass.
二. 主语 + as much as, etc的主谓一致问题
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构，或跟有由as well as, in addition to , with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时， 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。
例如： 1. The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo ______(be) lost.
2. The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, _______(provide)good fishing.
3. John, rather than his roommates, ______(be) to blame.
4. Hugh, as well as his two sisters, _______(be)vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
5. Some of the employees as much as the manager ______(be)responsible for the failure.
6. My husband, more than anyone else in the family, ______(be longing) to go there again.
三．以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数.
例如：(1)The treasurer considered that twenty dollars _____(be) not too much to ask.
(2) "Two months ___(be) too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
2. 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成，其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。
例如：(1) Two-thirds of the people present______(be) against the plan.
(2) Over twenty percent of the city _____(be) destroyed in the war.
3.两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
例如：(1) Sixty minus seventeen _______(leave) forty-three.
(2) Forty-two divided by six ______(be)seven.
(3) Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
4. 如果主语由"one in/one out of + 复数名词" 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。
例如： (1) One in ten students has passed the examination.
(2) One out of twelve bottles _____(be) left untouched..
5. 如果主语是由“many a +名词" 或“more than one +名词"构成，随后的动词遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。
例如：(1)Many a person in these circumstances ______(have) hoped for a long break.
(2)More than one student _______(have) failed the exam.
四．单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。
例如：(1) Every means ____(have) been tried out without much result.
(2) All means _____ (have) been tried out without much result.
(3) This shoe works _____(be)set up in 1980.
(4) Those shoe works _______(be) all set up in 1980.
五． 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如：(1) Every man and every woman _____(be) at work.
(2) Many a desk and many a bench ______(be) to be taken out of the hall.
六．表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) The trousers ______ in the drawer.
(2) There ______ a pair of shoes under the bed.
(3) The pair of shoes ______ rather expensive.
七．并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：
iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包
⑵ 配套事物。如：
a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming. 马车来了。
⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如：
the worker and poet 这位工人兼诗人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如：
aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚
capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感
To love and to be loved _____(be) the great happiness. 爱与被爱是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early ______(be) a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。
八. “分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of ＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
例如：(1) More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _______ covered by water.
(2) One third of the students _____ girls in our group.
九． a number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：the number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) A number of students ______(be)going for a picnic this weekend.
(2) The number of days in February this year _____(be) 28.
十. “the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) The young ______(be) more active than the old in the work.
(2) The injured in the accident _____(be) taken to the hospital.
(3) The beautiful attracts all the tourists.
十一. 动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) To learn a foreign language ______(be) not so difficult as you think.
(2) Smoking _______(be) bad for health.
(3) That he has won the game ______(be)known to us all.
但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
例如：(1) What we need _____(be)more time.
(2) What we need _____(be) good teachers.
.学案4 Grammar and Usage
一、名词性从句定义： 名词性从句是由if, whether, that, how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)
1. When we’ll hold the sports meeting has not been decided yet.
2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people..
3.He wonder if he could use my bike.
4. I am thinking about who will be given the job.
5. That he has won the first prize is true.
6. My parents’ wish is that I can go to a key university.
7. They are discussing the problem whether they should ban(禁止) fishing in the lake.
8. The problem is how I can get in touch with them.
9. It is not clear whether she will attend his wedding.
10. I have no idea when he would return.
三、用法：
1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)
B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
2. 宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. We believe (that) he is honest. B. I told him (that) I would come back soon.
C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn’t go there.
3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him.
B. This is how Henry solved the problem.
C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
(如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：
A. The thought that we might succeed excited us.
B. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.
C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
四、注意：
1、注意that 的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
A. That they are good at English is known to us all.
B. The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
C. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；
当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；
当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
A. He judged that because he was a child, he did not understand what he had said.
B. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
C. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that…
(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ... (C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that …
(DIt seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup
2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
A.从句前都有一个名词
B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。
C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。
The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.
（同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（定语从句） 你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.
They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
3、whether和if的用法
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
如： It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用whether
如： I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan..
③主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
④whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
If I have enough time, I will play football.
4、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。
宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that well move into the new house.
Whatever you say will interest us all.
6、几个固定句式：
① 强调句 It is/was +强调部分＋that…….(如果强调部分是疑问词)
eg. Who is it that spoke first When was it that they came here
② 关于doubt
sb. doubt if/whether… sb. don’t/doesn’t doubt that … There is no doubt that …
eg. There is no doubt that he will win the game.
③ 疑问词＋do you think+(用陈述句语序)
eg. Who do you think we invited to give us the talk
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
（1）that 和what 的选用
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
(2) if 和whether 的选用
1. I asked her ____ she had a bike.
2.______we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon.
其它连接代词和副词的连用
who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 ________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea _________ he looks like.
这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _________ I left my glasses.
引导词that 的省略
1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3.The reason is _________ he is careless .
4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6.He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living alone.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别 that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4. I have no doubt ___ he will win. 5. I have some doubt ____ he will win.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
3. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
4. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
Learning Summary(课堂小结)
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.Module 3 Unit 3 Back to the past
学案 3 Grammar and Usage
Teaching aims: （学习目标）
1. Develop the students’ ability of using the grammar rules to make correct sentences.
2. Help the students to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
3. Use the compound sentences introduced by neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…
4. Learn the object complement
Teaching important points (学习重点)
------ Grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
Teaching difficult points: (学习难点)
------ The rules of subject-verb agreement
Teaching methods:
1. Students-centered.
2. Teacher and students’ interaction
3. Multimedia way.
Teaching Steps:
Task 1. Learn the object complement
Step 1. Help the students to review the different types of objects.
Step 2. Learn the object complement by doing the exercises .
Step 3. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Task 2. Learn the subject-verb agreement.
Step 1. Ask the students to fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms.
Step 2. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Step 3. Ask the students to do Part A and Part B.( p.51)
Grammar rules of subject-verb agreement:
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：
语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)
意义一致原则 (notional concord)
就近原则 (principle of proximity)
（一）语法一致原则
用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：
1. This table is a genuine antique.
2. Both parties have their own advantages.
（二）意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如：
1. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
2. The United States is a developed country.
3. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
（三）就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
例如： 1. Either my grandsons or their father ______(be) coming.
2. Not his daughter but my friends _______(agree) with him.
3. Neither Richard nor I _______(be) going.
4. Not only he but also I ____(be) interested in sports.
More rules:
一．集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题。 有些集合名词， 如： crew, committee, family, gang, government, group, class, staff, team, union等，当表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数，当表示其中的成员时，谓语动词用复数。
例如： 1.The family ______(be)a happy one.
2. The family ______(be) kind.
通常作复数的集体名词包括police, people, cattle,等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。
例如： 1. The British police ______ (have)only very limited powers.
2. Cattle _______(feed) on grass.
二. 主语 + as much as, etc的主谓一致问题
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构，或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时， 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。
例如： 1. The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo ______(be) lost.
2. The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, _______(provide)good fishing.
3. John, rather than his roommates, ______(be) to blame.
4. Hugh, as well as his two sisters, _______(be)vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
5. Some of the employees as much as the manager ______(be)responsible for the failure.
6. My husband, more than anyone else in the family, ______(be longing) to go there again.
三．以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数.
例如：(1)The treasurer considered that twenty dollars _____(be) not too much to ask.
(2) "Two months ___(be) too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
2. 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成，其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。
例如：(1) Two-thirds of the people present______(be) against the plan.
(2) Over twenty percent of the city _____(be) destroyed in the war.
3.两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
例如：(1) Sixty minus seventeen _______(leave) forty-three.
(2) Forty-two divided by six ______(be)seven.
(3) Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
4. 如果主语由"one in/one out of + 复数名词" 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。
例如： (1) One in ten students has passed the examination.
(2) One out of twelve bottles _____(be) left untouched..
5. 如果主语是由“many a +名词" 或“more than one +名词"构成，随后的动词遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。
例如：(1)Many a person in these circumstances ______(have) hoped for a long break.
(2)More than one student _______(have) failed the exam.
四．单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。
例如：(1) Every means ____(have) been tried out without much result.
(2) All means _____ (have) been tried out without much result.
(3) This shoe works _____(be)set up in 1980.
(4) Those shoe works _______(be) all set up in 1980.
五． 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如：(1) Every man and every woman _____(be) at work.
(2) Many a desk and many a bench ______(be) to be taken out of the hall.
六．表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) The trousers ______ in the drawer.
(2) There ______ a pair of shoes under the bed.
(3) The pair of shoes ______ rather expensive.
七．并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：
iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包
⑵ 配套事物。如：
a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming. 马车来了。
⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如：
the worker and poet 这位工人兼诗人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如：
aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚
capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感
To love and to be loved _____(be) the great happiness. 爱与被爱是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early ______(be) a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。
八. “分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of ＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
例如：(1) More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _______ covered by water.
(2) One third of the students _____ girls in our group.
九． a number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：the number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) A number of students ______(be)going for a picnic this weekend.
(2) The number of days in February this year _____(be) 28.
十. “the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) The young ______(be) more active than the old in the work.
(2) The injured in the accident _____(be) taken to the hospital.
(3) The beautiful attracts all the tourists.
十一. 动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) To learn a foreign language ______(be) not so difficult as you think.
(2) Smoking _______(be) bad for health.
(3) That he has won the game ______(be)known to us all.
但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
例如：(1) What we need _____(be)more time.
(2) What we need _____(be) good teachers.
Learning Summary: ( 课堂小结 )
Exercises for grammar:
单项选择题
1. The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening
2. The League secretary and monitor _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
3. He played on the _____ for two hours and when he returned he found half his goods _____ stolen.
A. sand; were B. sand; was C. sands; were D. sands; was
4. _____ can be done _____ been done.
A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has
5. About 40 _____ of the population of that country _____ on farms.
A. percent; lives B. percent; live C. percents; live D. percents; lives
6. The Olympic Games _____ held every _____ years.
A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five
7. No one but her parents _____ it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
8. The results of the examination _____ that you have all made great _____ .
A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses
9. No bird and no beast _____ in the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
10. Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
11. In spring, many plants bloom, which ____ the world even more beautiful.
A. made B. make C. makes D. have made
12. It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ___ to answer ___ the incident.
A. are, for B. were, to C. is, for D. was, back
13. There are two books on the bookshelf. ______ of them ____ worth ______.
A. Both , are, being read B. All, are , reading
C. Neither, is, being read D. Either, is , reading
14. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. were , was B. was, was C. was, were D. were , were
15. I don't think the poor _________ poor.
A. are always B. has been always C. is always D. always are
16. Every means _______ tried but without much result.
A. have been B. had C. has D. has been
17. At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.
A. was B. were C. would be D. had been
18. One and a half days ________ what I need.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
19. Sixty percent of the work______ .
A. have been done B. had been done C. has been done D. has done
20. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming
A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does
21. Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.
A. that was, is B. as were, are C. as were, is D. those were , are
22. Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
23. About 85 percent of the students ____ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.
A. is, are B. are, are C. are , is D. is , is
24. Politics ______ now taught in all schools.
A. is B. are C. be D. being
25. Do you know what his politics _______
A. is B. are C. be D. being
26. The wounded __________ sent to the hospital at once .
A. were B. are C. is D. was
27. The Chinese _____ hard-working.
A. be B. being C. is D. are
28. The United Nations ______ in 1945.
A. are found B. is found C. was founded D. were founded
29. Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.
A. is B. be C. are D. were
30. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
.学案 3 Grammar and Usage
Teaching aims: （学习目标）
1. Develop the students’ ability of using the grammar rules to make correct sentences.
2. Help the students to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
3. Use the compound sentences introduced by neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…
4. Learn the object complement
Teaching important points (学习重点)
------ Grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement.
Teaching difficult points: (学习难点)
------ The rules of subject-verb agreement
Teaching methods:
1. Students-centered.
2. Teacher and students’ interaction
3. Multimedia way.
Teaching Steps:
Task 1. Learn the object complement
Step 1. Help the students to review the different types of objects.
Step 2. Learn the object complement by doing the exercises .
Step 3. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Task 2. Learn the subject-verb agreement.
Step 1. Ask the students to fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms.
Step 2. Help the students to summarize the grammar rules.
Step 3. Ask the students to do Part A and Part B.( p.51)
Grammar rules of subject-verb agreement:
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：
语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)
意义一致原则 (notional concord)
就近原则 (principle of proximity)
（一）语法一致原则
用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：
1. This table is a genuine antique.
2. Both parties have their own advantages.
（二）意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如：
1. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
2. The United States is a developed country.
3. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
（三）就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
例如： 1. Either my grandsons or their father ______(be) coming.
2. Not his daughter but my friends _______(agree) with him.
3. Neither Richard nor I _______(be) going.
4. Not only he but also I ____(be) interested in sports.
More rules:
一．集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题。 有些集合名词， 如： crew, committee, family, gang, government, group, class, staff, team, union等，当表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数，当表示其中的成员时，谓语动词用复数。
例如： 1.The family ______(be)a happy one.
2. The family ______(be) kind.
通常作复数的集体名词包括police, people, cattle,等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。
例如： 1. The British police ______ (have)only very limited powers.
2. Cattle _______(feed) on grass.
二. 主语 + as much as, etc的主谓一致问题
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构，或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时， 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。
例如： 1. The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo ______(be) lost.
2. The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, _______(provide)good fishing.
3. John, rather than his roommates, ______(be) to blame.
4. Hugh, as well as his two sisters, _______(be)vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
5. Some of the employees as much as the manager ______(be)responsible for the failure.
6. My husband, more than anyone else in the family, ______(be longing) to go there again.
三．以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数.
例如：(1)The treasurer considered that twenty dollars _____(be) not too much to ask.
(2) "Two months ___(be) too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
2. 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成，其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。
例如： (1) Two-thirds of the people present______(be) against the plan.
(2) Over twenty percent of the city _____(be) destroyed in the war.
3.两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
例如：(1) Sixty minus seventeen _______(leave) forty-three.
(2) Forty-two divided by six ______(be)seven.
(3) Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
4. 如果主语由"one in/one out of + 复数名词" 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。
例如： (1) One in ten students has passed the examination.
(2) One out of twelve bottles _____(be) left untouched..
5. 如果主语是由“many a +名词" 或“more than one +名词"构成，随后的动词遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。
例如：(1)Many a person in these circumstances ______(have) hoped for a long break.
(2)More than one student _______(have) failed the exam.
四．单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。
例如：(1) Every means ____(have) been tried out without much result.
(2) All means _____ (have) been tried out without much result.
(3) This shoe works _____(be)set up in 1980.
(4) Those shoe works _______(be) all set up in 1980.
五． 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如：(1) Every man and every woman _____(be) at work.
(2) Many a desk and many a bench ______(be) to be taken out of the hall.
六．表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) The trousers ______ in the drawer.
(2) There ______ a pair of shoes under the bed.
(3) The pair of shoes ______ rather expensive.
七．并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：
iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包
⑵ 配套事物。如：
a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming. 马车来了。
⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如：
the worker and poet 这位工人兼诗人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如：
aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚
capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感
To love and to be loved _____(be) the great happiness. 爱与被爱是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early ______(be) a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。
八. “分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of ＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
例如： (1) More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _______ covered by water.
(2) One third of the students _____ girls in our group.
九． a number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：the number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) A number of students ______(be)going for a picnic this weekend.
(2) The number of days in February this year _____(be) 28.
十. “the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：(1) The young ______(be) more active than the old in the work.
(2) The injured in the accident _____(be) taken to the hospital.
(3) The beautiful attracts all the tourists.
十一. 动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：(1) To learn a foreign language ______(be) not so difficult as you think.
(2) Smoking _______(be) bad for health.
(3) That he has won the game ______(be)known to us all.
但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
例如：(1) What we need _____(be)more time.
(2) What we need _____(be) good teachers.
.Module 1 Unit 2 Growing Pains
学案 1 Welcome and Reading(第1--3课时)
I. Learning Aims:（学习目标）
1. To introduce and develop the theme of growing pains
2. To develop speaking ability by talking about families and problems that happen between teenagers and parents
3. To know more about classmates and their families
4. To develop the skills of how to read a play
5. To know about American family life and problems that happen between American teenagers and their parents
6. To form a positive attitude towards solving problems between teenagers and parents
II. Learning Procedures:（学习步骤）
Period I: Welcome to the Unit
I: Lead-in:
Presenting family albums:
In this part, Ss are encouraged to say something about their families by showing the class pictures with their parents.
Brainstorming questions:
1. Do you always show respect to your parents
2. Do you always do what your parents want you to
3. Do you sometimes quarrel with your parents Why do you quarrel
II: Picture talking (pair work)
Ask Ss to look at the pictures. Imagine the situations and try to describe them as fully as possible with their own words.
Make sure that Ss have “when”, “where”, “who”, “what” in your descriptions.
Invite some Ss to report back their descriptions.
III: Sharing opinions (group work)
In this part, Ss discuss the following questions in groups of four. Each group chooses two of the four questions. Have Ss to report their opinions in class.
IV: Questions for discussion:
What kind of behaviors of yours will make your parents feel unhappy List as many as you can.
*not doing homework,
*not getting up on time,
*spending too much time or money on …
*bad school behaviours
*not helpful with housework
*making friends with persons that parents don’t like
*…
1. What would you do if your behavior upsets your parents
2. Who do you choose to talk to when you have a problem and want to talk to someone Why
3. Do you think there is a generation gap between you and your parents
4. How do you overcome the gap
V: Assignments:
1. Preview the new words of this unit on page 64 (from “act” to “rude”)
2. Think about this questions—What are growing pains Do you have any pains What are they
Period II: Reading 1:
I: Lead-in:
Have you ever been left alone or with a pet Describe that experience. If not, can you imagine what might happen if you were left alone Can you look after your home and keep everything clean and safe
II: Reading
Remind Ss of the instructions on reading a play before reading
First reading and checking out Part A on page 22
Second reading (following the tape) and checking out C1 & C2 on page 24
III: More comprehension questions:
1. Why does Eric sound frightened when he sees his parents back
2. How does Mom know that the dog is tired and hungry
3. What does Dad mean by saying “This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished…”
Thinking after reading:
Ask Ss to use their imagination and think of an end to the play.
Do you think Eric and Daniel will explain to their parents what has happened
Or will the parents go and ask the boys what has happened
If you were one of the children what would you do
Would you remain silent or would you offer an explanation to your parents
Which is the better solution in your mind
IV: Assignment:
1. Read the play aloud with partners.
2. Underline difficult words or sentences that need explaining.
3. Finish D1 & D2 on page 24.
4. Finish E on page 25.
Period III: Reading 2
(Word Focus)
I: Teaching objectives: （教学目标）
To understand new words and expressions and learn how to use them
To consolidate the use of words and expressions through
II: Teaching procedures: （教学步骤）
HW checking out:
1. D1 & D2 on page 24
2. E on page 25
Ask Ss:
1. what they think of the way Daniel and his parents solve their problem
2. what kind of a boy Daniel is
III: Difficult points: （教学难点）
(In this part, Ss are encouraged to raise their questions.)
1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
2. …you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow!
3. Daniel, we thought you were an adult, ……
4. Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel, who has his arms crossed and looks angry.
5. but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he won’t respect us.
Words focus:
1. Word definition:
In this part Ss are to understand words and expressions in the text.
Ask Ss to match the expressions in Column I with the right definitions in Column II.
Column I Column II
a. be supposed to do 1. to talk about sb’s faults in an unfair way,
or to be too strict with sb.
b. deserve to do 2 . to want to have sth. or do sth.
c. now that 3 . used to ask or talk about how sb. should deal with sth.
d. in charge 4 . used to say a light or fire is off or out
e. be hard on 5 . used to say what is/was expected to happen,
esp. when sth. didn’t happen; used to say
that one should or should not do
f. go out 6 .to hope that one will get sth. from sb.
g. expect…from… 7 .in a position where you have the duty to make
decisions so that anything bad will not happen
h. feel like 8 .used to say one should receive (a reward or
a special treatment) for what he has done
i. (what to) do with 9 . because of sth. or as a result of sth.
2. Ask Ss to read the following sentences and try to complete them with words or expressions in the text so that each of the sentences makes sense.
1. The new company was set up last month and has some problems and difficulties, so we can say the company is experiencing ________.
2 ---Doctor, my son feels pains in his arms and legs at night. What’s wrong
---It really doesn’t matter. That’s ________ and will soon pass.
3. His strange question made his friends feel surprised; that means his strange question ______ his friends.
surprise—n./ vt. surprised—adj. surprising—adj. surprisingly—adv.
4. My dad bought me an iPod on my birthday, which is a great ____ to me.
5. What _____ me most was that flowers there were so cheap.
6. He had a _____ look on his face at the news that she married John.
7. ---How was the exam
---_____ easy.
8. The sports meet _________ to take place last weekend. But we had to cancel it because it was raining heavily.
9. Wang Bing had his hair dyed and his red hair upset his parents. They say as a student he should not dye his hair, that is, he _________ dye his hair.
10. The morning assembly takes place on the playground at 7:30 on every Monday. So teachers and students _______ be there by 7:25.
11. Mrs. Smith is a mother of three and knows a lot about looking after babies. You can ask her what to ______ a newborn baby if you have no idea.
12. Little Tim did a good job at school and he hoped that his parents would praise him. He ____ a praise _____ his parents.
14. The mother never praises her daughter unless she gets the first in test. She is too strict with him, that is, she is ______ him.
15. Daniel thought his parents _______ him because they shouted at him before he could explain.
16. The Chinese Women’s Volleyball team won the championship in the 28th Olympic Games. They worked very hard and they _____ win.
17. That boy spends little time on lessons and seldom listens in class. He failed in the exams. He _____ fail.
18. ---It is so hot. I _____ a big iced cola. What about you
---Mineral water, please.
IV. Assignments:
1. Finish A1 & A2 on page 86.
2. Finish D1 on page 89.
3. Make sure Ss read the text carefully and review what they’ve learned before doing exx.
4. Memorize the new words in the text and get ready for a dictation tomorrow.
5. Read the play again and think about the question:
Is the play written in British English or American English How do you know
.Module 3 Unit 1 The world of our senses
学案6 Self-assessment
I. Teaching Aims:（教学目标）
The self-assessment at the end of this unit aims to let students determine what they have achieved, and what else they can do to improve their study.
II. Teaching Steps: (教学步骤)
Step 1: Ask students to check how well they have developed skills for each item in English and get a score.
Step 2: Let students make an action plan to improve what they have not achieved well.
III. Key points in this unit:
Words:
sense truth observe rest glance sight
beat fear still stare rare freeze
reduce change everyday add deeply ache
fly accept type chance drown impossible
likely wound jewellery avoid stick
2. Phrases:
make sense ( of ) to tell the truth in sight
out of sight for fear of for fear that
wish for sb. to do reach out (one’s hands) for stare up at
look/ watch out for pay back be frozen with
be related to add sth. to sth. add to sth.
add up add up to be linked to
make the most of can’t help doing all of a sudden
warm up bang into feed on
set off for / towards come along a person like me
be off to follow one’s advice go hungry
a fair chance recognize sb. by sight have sth. to do with
lose sight of turn around work out a plan
be grateful to fall asleep come to one’s senses/ life; come to oneself
a sense of smell/ taste/ humor/ direction/ justice/ time/ responsibility
observe sb. do sth / doing sth ; sb. be observed to do sth observe her sixtieth birthday
at first sight within sb’s reach=within the reach of sb.
sweat with fear reduce by/ to be reduced to
be related to=be connected with=be linked to/with=be associated with
affect one another make the most of=make full use of=make the best of
make much / great progress (不可数名词) by chance=by accident
be likely to do sth/ It’s likely that ( for sb. to do )=It’s possible/probable that=There is much chance that= Chances are that….=There is a possibility that…
compare A to / with B hit sb. on the nose/ back/ shoulder/ head / in the face/ eye
work out a safe treatment plan the problem of global warming
make great achievements sign language in the dark about= at a loss= at sea
set sail for my destination weather forecast for tomorrow be grateful to sb. for sth
in relief get sth. across to sb. a tap on one’s shoulder
3. Sentences:
1. By the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.
2. She could feel her heart beating with fear.
3. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still.
4. The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
5. Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.
6. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results.
7. One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.
8. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.
9. All of a sudden, I heard a loud noise ring out through the cold air.
10. Don’t be frightened by sharks; you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lighting than be attacked by a shark.
4. Word power:
1) Have a basic knowledge of word building..
2) Enlarge students’ vocabulary
3) Let students know more about the weather.
5. Reading：
Reading strategy
Exposition There was a thick fog. Polly left work early.
There was no bus to King Street and Polly took the
Underground train to Green Park.
A plot Complication It was very foggy and some man even brushed Polly’s
face. Polly was frightened and got lost in the fog.
An old man held Polly’s hand and helped her find the way.
Resolution They arrived at where Polly lived safely, but to everyone’s surprise, the old man was blind
6. Grammar:
Subject clause
Object clause
Noun clause Predictive clause
Appositive clause
7. Task:
1) Let students know how to plot a story , prepare a surprise ending and improve the language for storytelling.
2) Improve students’ language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing
8. Project:
1) Help students fully understand the text.
2) Learn how to produce a TV show.
Learning Summary(课堂小结)
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IV. Exercises:
一．单项选择
1. The __________ animals and plants are well preserved on the lonely island.
A. scarce B. common C. ordinary D. rare
2. What I would like you to do most is __________ he comes, please tell him to wait for me.
A. that B. when C. that when D. if
3. With prices ___________ so fast, I can’t live a comfortable life.
A. to go B. going C. gone D. to be going
4. The handbag he picked up and turned in to the police was ___________ of his mother’s.
A. what B. one C. that D. which
5. __________ Rose took good care of her elderly sick neighbour year after year moved all.
A. / B. That C. What D. Why
6. Our dormitory is ____________ theirs.
A. three times more than larger than B. more than three times the size of
C. three times more as large as D. three times larger the size of
7. Crossing the classroom, Jack banged ___________ a chair and __________ his leg.
A. into; wounded B. on; injured C. into; hurt D. at; harmed
8. Seeing the policewoman, the thief was __________ fear and ran away __________ at once.
A. frozen with; in panic B. freezing with; in panic
C. frozen in; with panic D. freezing in; with panic
9. Tom told his classmates __________ he had seen on the way to school.
A. that all B. all which C. what all D. all what
10. He began __________ that it is very important for him to learn his lessons well __________.
A. realizing; all of a sudden B. to realize; all of a sudden
C. realizing; all of sudden D. to realize; all of sudden
11. The poor child’s disease ________ the poor family’s difficulty
A. adds B. adds to C. adds up D. adds up to
12. My wife always cannot help ________ people in trouble a hand .But I am so busy that I can’t help ________ the work with her.
A. to lend ; to do B. lending ; doing C. lend; do D. lending ; do
13. Marry is a nice and beautiful girl and I think she is really fit _______ me to get married _________.
A. of; with B. for ; to C. for ; with D. of; to
14. Glancing at the horrible dog, I felt my heart _______ faster and faster.
A. beating B. striking C. knocking D. hitting
15. ---__________ is the distance from your home to our school
--- Not far, __________.
A. How far; in walking distance B. How far, within walking distance
C. What, during walking distance D. What, within walking distance
16. Although I tried my best, I __________ by four to three. In other words, I ________ the game.
A. was won; lost B. was beaten; lost
C. was defeated; beat D. defeated; beat
17. I have to work hard __________ I may fail in the coming monthly exam.
A. for fear that B. so C. so that D. in order that
18. When she returned to her room, Marry found the doors and windows __________.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. being closed
19. When he came to, he found __________ in hospital.
A. him lying B. himself laying C. him laid D. himself lying
20. Every minute should be made the most of ___________ the coming exam.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. to prepare for D. preparing for
二. 完形填空
My earliest memory of dad is grabbing his hand while we walked together. As I __21__ older, I remember my father and I listening to a basketball games on the radio. I always fell asleep __22__ the game was over. When I woke up in the morning the score sheet with __23__ score on it would be lying __24__ me. I’ll always remember that.
On cold mornings my father would bring his bread truck by the house. I used to ride on the floor of that bread truck __25__ he delivered the bread to the stores. The __26__ and the warmth from the bread made my mouth water and kept me warm. I’ll always remember that.
My father would __27__ all my games. One night before an important game my father told me __28__ that he wouldn’t be able to watch the game because he had to deliver the bread and it was a three-hour __29__ from his route. The next day as the game time approached I thought about my dad. I happened to look across the field and __30__ saw his bread truck pulling into the stadium. He managed to __31__ the game. I’ll always remember that.
Years later I had become a teacher. I’ll never forget the voice on the phone early one morning telling me dad had just been __32__ in a traffic accident. I could hear my heart __33__ in my ears. I __34__ the phone and went back to my bedroom. After that nothing really __35__ to me. I still taught in school __36__ I couldn’t focus on my teaching. One day I was on the playground __37__ a little boy walked up to me and grabbed my hand. His hand held mine the same way I used to hold my father’s by the last two __38__. At that moment I found my __39__ in life again. You see even though my father was gone, he left something with me. He left me his smile, compassion and touch. My purpose was to use those __40__ as he did. From that day on I started. I’ll always remember that!
21.A. seemed B.grew C.turned D.changed
22.A.when B.although C.because D.before
23.A.fresh B.final C.official D.opposite
24.A.across from B.in place of C.next to D.ahead of
25.A.as B.so C.until D.unless
26.A.smell B.color C.taste D.shape
27.A.react B.confirm C.serve D.attend
28.A.exactly B.sadly C.slowly D.simply
29.A.drive B.walk C.length D.ride
30.A.immediately B.hopefuly C.surprisingly D.unusually
31.A.make B.keep C.take D.win
32.A.killed B.injured C.trapped D.saved
33.A.strike B.knock C.beat D.hit
34.A.held up B.held back C.hung on D.hung up
35.A.cared B.mattered C.troubled D.meant
36.A.if B.once C.and D.but
37.A.while B.after C.when D.before
38.A.shoulders B.fingers C.arms D.legs
39.A.purpose B.pleasure C.position D.progress
40.A.lessons B.prizes C.gifts D.subjects
三．阅读理解
A
A tour of the Wuyi Mountains in the northwest of Fujian Province is well worth your time. This place has clear rivers, beautiful forests on hills and peaceful villages. The UN honored much of Wuyi in 1999. Since then, more and more tourists have visited it and some have used air travel to get there. But you will be glad to know that it is still a special quiet place to see. Yunufeng, or Jade Lady Peak, is as beautiful as ever. Jiuquxi, a river in the shape of a snake in the southwestern part of the Wuyi Mountains, is still green and clear as it travels nearly ten kilometers to the flats (平地) below. On the river you can see many high hills or stop to climb a rock staircase to the top of Tianyoufeng. From there you might stand in a light warm rain as you look out over the beautiful valleys (山谷) below. Clouds come and go among the mountains and into the valleys. Birds sing cheerfully in the forest, perhaps calling out names from long ago. In another part of the river you can take a boat down a whitewater but be sure to wear a T-shirt and shorts as you will get wet! If you need to wear glasses, tie them to your head. Don’t change your mind about going down the river! Be brave! Some guides will help you on the boat and take care of you on the river. You can watch the green water become white as it begins to move more rapidly. You will probably feel both excited and nervous, but enjoy the ride! When your journey is finished, don’t forget to go to the village nearby and try the famous Wuyi rock tea. Then you can have a rest and think about the trip.
41. The Wuyi Mountains lies __________ of China.
A. in the northwest B. in the southwest C. in the southeast D. in the northeast
42. On the top of Tianyoufeng tourists can ____________.
A. fly fog between the mountains and into valleys
B. hear birds calling out names from long ago
C. get wet all over because of heavy rain
D. enjoy the beauty of a dream world
43. How can you describe the boat ride down a whitewater
A. Dangerous. B. Adventurous. C. Not worth trying. D. Too frightening.
44. From the passage we can conclude that ___________.
A. the Wuyi Mountains is well worth visiting
B. only one way leads to the top of Tianyoufeng
C. the glasses must be tied to your head on Jiuquxi
D. the Wuyi rock tea is tried only after the trip
B
Everyone would like to be a millionaire , a person with a lot of money, but can you imagine having over $30 million and only being 20 years old Britney Spears from Kentwood, a small town in Louisiana, is only 20 years old. She is a world famous film star with not only $30 million but also a $2 million house in LA. At her young age, she can look after her family financially (经济上) all her life. This year is a big year for Britney. She is now on a 31-day tour of the US and every concert is a sell-out. That means she plays in front of a crowd of around 18,000 people every time. It’s a tiring schedule but brings her a lot. When touring, she goes to bed around 1 a.m. and then has a lie-in until 1 p.m. the next day. Her philosophy (人生观) is to take care of the body and relax but always make sure you work hard and have fun.
Spears is not pleased with only touring and selling nearly 40 million records so she decided to step into the movie business and try a bit of acting. She made an appearance in “Austin Power 3” this year and she is filming a teenage light play that will come out in March 2003. In this movie, she has a starring role.
For Britney, acting is another way to express herself and she is enthusiastic (热心的) about it all. If her movies are successful, her money in the bank is sure to grow by another few million dollars but she does it for the love, not the money, as she herself tells the reporters.
45. We can infer (推断) from the text that most millionaires are __________.
A. older than 20 B. around 20 C. in their 30s D. in their 40s
46. The underlined word “you” in the first paragraph refers to __________.
A. a person in general B. a special person
C. Britney Spears D. a person interested in money
47. Which of the following is not true according to the text
A. Though young, Britney can support her family now.
B. While touring, Britney sleeps about 12 hours a day.
C. The teenage comedy movie was based on Britney’s own story.
D. Britney will be even richer with her movies successful.
48. According to Britney Spears, she works __________.
A. to be a great actress B. for the enjoyment
C. for money D. to be more famous
C
While reading a book in English, every few lines of text, you run across a word or two that you don’t know. You look up every new word in the dictionary. Bad move. All that does slow you down. Even electric or CD –ROM dictionaries can get in the way of your reading progress. A dictionary is like a road map. It can help you if you get lost and point you in the right direction. But if you stop to look at the “map” each time you take a step, you’ll get nowhere fast.
On your English learning “journey”, a dictionary can be a helpful “travel companion (伙伴)”--if it is not overused. To help you start thinking in English, use an English-to-English dictionary. Otherwise, you will always depend on (依赖) your native language and end up translating in your head.
A good dictionary can help you do more than just find the meaning of a word. It can help you verify (test and check) spelling, check word forms and grammar usage, find example sentence and learn pronunciation. Some dictionaries even provide exercises to teach you how to use their resources (资源) .
Take time to get to know your dictionary. Learn the pronunciation symbols (符号). Understand what the abbreviations (缩写字) mean. Try to master the important grammar rules. Look for charts, diagrams and lists that might be useful in the future. You will discover how helpful it can be to make friends with your dictionary. And as they say, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
49. Why do we need a good English-to-English dictionary
A. Because it is a good friend.
B. Because it can help us to find the right direction if we get lost.
C. Without it we’ll always depend on our native language and end up translating in our head.
D. Because it can help us to start thinking in English and in Chinese.
50. The underlined word “that ” in the last paragraph refers to __________.
A. pronunciation symbols and grammar rules
B. abbreviations and usage for grammar rules
C. the meaning of a word, spelling and grammar usage
D. charts, diagrams and lists
51. According to the passage, which statement can lead you to believe
A. The more you use a dictionary, the better you can understand the article.
B. The more you use a dictionary, the faster you may read.
C. The more you use the resources in a dictionary, the more you can benefit (受益) from it.
D. The better a dictionary is, the more expensive it is.
D
Turning on the TV, a wonderful scene comes to your eyes---- a group of men, tall, strong and handsome. And women, young, beautiful and attractive, too. Together they eat in the finest restaurants, traveling everywhere around the world by luxurious planes and pleasure-ships. They are models.
Do you envy them What sort of life are model leading Is it a wonderful life for a young lady or a young man
A few models are well-known actors or actresses who can make a big money only by showing themselves off in commercials. But the majority of them are just curious to see what it is like. They’d like to be models just because they are attracted by what they imagine— Models earn a lot of money and lead a glorious life. This is true for those who are very successful. However, most models find it difficult to get work.. Very few can earn enough to live on, and for all models their expenses are high. Their agents claim about 20% of the earnings, and no model will get very far without a clever agent. Besides, they have to buy good clothing. They also have to pay to travel to interviews and reach the places where the work is to be done.
Interviews for a model job are known as cattle-markets in the modelling world. A top model can choose her work, demand and receive high fees and have her expenses paid. But for most models, the situation is quite different. An agent or employer inspects each model much as a farmer inspects cattle at a market. Intelligence, qualifications and personal characteristics count for little against good looks and the tight figure. For all except the very few lucky ones, the life of a model is a continual search for work, trying to sell herself or himself in the face of fierce competition and, sometimes, not particularly moral standards on the part of some employers.
Immigration officials at airport look suspiciously at a girl whose passport shows her occupation as “Model”, and these are men and women of considerable experience of the world. It comes no surprise to find that some models prefer to put “Secretary” or “Businessman” as their jobs in their passports.
Modelling is a changeable world with great rewards for a tiny minority but not for the majority.
52. For models, their looks and figures are_____ , compared with their good qualifications and intelligence.
A. more important B. less needed C. less essential D. more looked down upon
53. Which of the following can lead you to believe according to the passage
A. A model ‘s travelling expenses are usually paid by his employer.
B. to be a model, good looks is the most important qualification.
C. Most models have a fairly easy way of life with high pay.
D. A model can hardly be successful without a good agent.
54. Models often put “Secretary” or” Businessmen” instead of” Model” in their passports because
A. they want to avoid being stopped to sign their names by fans
B. a person with the occupation of a model is easily attacked by black societies.
C . models are sometimes looked down upon
D. secretaries and businessmen are free of Customs duty
55. What may be the author’s attitude toward modelling
A. It is a worthwhile life for a young lady or a young man.
B. He is in favour of young people to try modelling.
C. Before being crazy about a model job ,young people should be aware of the difficulties.
D. It is a field in which everyone has a great chance to succeed.
四．任务型阅读(共10小题; 每小题1分,满分10分)
Good communication is vital in modern society. We know that much of the communication is unspoken. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes. Your good qualities can make good communication. The personal qualities include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressiveness of eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others.
What should we do so that our communication will be effective Here are my suggestions.
Firstly, you should be yourself. The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. The most effective people never change character from one situation to another. They’re the same whether they’re having a conversation with their close friends, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being.
Secondly, whether you’re talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Don’t break eye contact while talking. As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably, then look directly at those in the room and smile. This shows clearly that you are at ease. Smiling is important. The best type of smile and eye contact is gentle and comfortable, not forced.
You should also absorb other people before showing yourself. You can’t learn anything when you talk. When you attend a meeting, a party or an interview, don’t immediately start throwing your opinions. Stop for a second. Absorb what’s going on. What’s the mood of the others—are they down, up, happy, expectant Are they eager to learn from you, or do they show resistance If you can sense what’s happening with others, you will be better able to reach them. So, listen before you talk.
The fourth suggestion is that you focus your energy. How do you get your energy up Before the meeting, collect your thoughts about the goal of the meeting—yours and the other’s. Once you go through the doorway, no longer think about yourself. Focus on the person you are meeting to find out what he is interested in. Properly collected energy comes across when we sincerely believe something. When you speak with energy, you are involved with your audience and your message. You create an air of certainty. The audience may disagree with you, but they can’t question your belief.
Lastly, I would like to remind you that you should lighten up. Take a good hard look at your self. Do you say “I” too often Are you only concentrated on your own problems Do you complain frequently If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to be more relaxed.
How to communicate (71) ▲
Suggestions Dos Don’ts
Be yourself Always be the same and communicate with your whole being. Change character in (72) ▲ situations.
Use your eyes and smile Make direct eye contact.Present a gentle and comfortable (73) ▲ . Break eye contact.(74) ▲ yourself to smile.
Listen before(75) ▲ Stop for a short time to know the others’ mood and what is happening with them. Begin your talk immediately.
Focus your (76) ▲ Remain (77) ▲ and think clearly and carefully before the meeting. Focus on the person you’re meeting. Think about yourself.
Lighten up Try to be (78) ▲ . Say “I” too often.Concentrate on your own problems.Make too (79) ▲ complaint.
Conclusion Good communication (80) ▲ on good personal qualities.
五. 根据首字母或中文提示补全单词。（每题1分，共10分）
66. It is very l________ that he will not agree with you.
67. She t_________ him on the shoulder.
68. There will be a f_________ wind this evening.
69. To a________ being beaten by his father ,he ran away as quickly as he could.
70. On his return from his office ,he found the house d______________\
71. They asked me so many questions that I got _________(弄糊涂了)
72. _________(如今)， a lot of people go abroad.
73.He traveled in several __________( 欧洲的) countries this summer, such as Britain, France and Germany.
74. ___________ (有希望地), our team will win the football match.
75. Are there any ___________（志愿者）for the competition Please sign here on the paper.
六．书面表达：
假设你叫杨阳。原外籍教师Mr. Green在你校执教期间，在英语学习上给过你很多帮助。他上个月从美国给你来信，询问你英语学习的情况。最近你在期终考试中，听力、完形和写作进步很大，但在做"阅读理解"时还存在一些问题。请给Mrs Smith写"一封回信，感谢他对你的帮助，表述目前的学习情况，分析取得进步的原因和存在问题，并请他给与指导。
注意: l. 词数150左有;
2. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好;
3. 参考词汇:阅读理解 Reading Comprehension
Dear Mr. Smith，
Thank you very much for your letter last month, ____
Best wishes, to you!
Yours,
Yang Yang
.Module 2 Unit 3 Amazing people
学案 1 Welcome and Reading
I. Teaching Aims:（教学目标）
1. Talk about famous people and their achievements
2 .Read the story The curse of the mummy
3 .Practice different reading strategies
4 .Express opinions on certain topics
II. Teaching Steps: (教学步骤)
Step1: Lead-in
In your mind, how do you understand the word “ amazing” How do you understand “ Amazing people”
Who do you think are amazing people
Step 2: Free talk
Let the students talk about the four amazing people on page 41
Step3: Introduction
After discussing the four amazing people, what kind of common qualities do you find in them
Since they are “explorers” in different fields, the teacher introduces another explorer in nature--- Howard Carter.
Step3: Lead- in
Explain the two key words in the title: curse, mummy
Show a video and ask some questions
Predict the story according to the title.(Reading strategy)
Step4: Brainstorm
Let the students brainstorm for the qualities of an explorer.
Step5: Listening-Reading
Play the tape for the first two paragraphs, and students are expected to fill in the blanks on the sheet.
Step6: Skimming
1.Skim and get the main idea of the third paragraph.
2.Questions:
(1)What did Howard Carter do
(2) When/Where/What
(3) What happened next -------Prediction and then show a video.
Step7: Task-based Reading
Read paragraph 4-6 and find the detailed information and fill in the table.
Step8:Group Discussion
If you were at the entrance of the tomb, would you enter there
Exchange ideas
Step9: Vocabulary Work
Choose the right words for the seventh paragraph on the sheet.
Step10: Summarize the Text
Fill in the blanks of the Carter’s diary on page 45.
Step11: Role-play: When Carter met Carnarvon in his dream…(make a dialogue)
III. Language points:
curious adj. 好奇的
be curious about
例句：He was ______ about everything when he was young.
他小时候对任何事物都感到好奇。
A student should always be _____________ to learn.
学生应有求知欲。
拓展：curiously adv. incurious adj. curiosity n.
例句：________ is part of a child’s nature. 好奇心是儿童性格的一部分。
2．bright adj. 聪明的
例句：He is not bright, but he always works hard.他并不聪明，但工作总是勤勤恳恳。
辨析：bright, wise, clever
例句：That is a ________ plan. 那是一个巧妙的计划。
Sometimes he is _____ after the event. 他有时候是事后聪明。
The ______ boy is reading English in the ____ room.
这个聪明的孩子在明亮的房间里读英语。
3．sail n. 船帆；航行 v. 航行
例句：a ship in full sail; go for a sail; set sail for NYC
sail the ship through the Panama Canal
sail across the Atlantic; sail for NYC
拓展：She _____ _____ the exam. 她顺利通过了考试。
4．preserve v.
i. keep safe from destruction保护；维护
例句：preserve ancient buildings / pagoda
ii. cause to last; keep unchanged 保持；维持
例句：preserve public order
iii. keep ( sth. esp. food ) in good condition for a long time by some special treatment 保存；防腐
例句：The ancient Egyptians knew _____ _____ _____ dead bodies.
古埃及人知道如何保存尸体。
拓展：1. _______ meat / fish 罐头肉、鱼
2. preservation n.
例句：The police are responsible for the ______ of law and order. 警察负责维持法律与秩序。
3．Preservative n. 防腐剂
5．empty v. 弄空, 饮干, 搬[腾, 倒]空; 使流入; 使失去(of)
例句：empty a glass 干杯, 喝干
empty a house 搬空房屋
empty the box of rubbish into the fire 把这箱废物倒进火中
No waste or garbage is to be _____ on highways. 废物和垃圾不准倒在公路上。
拓展：empty vi. 成为空的; (河流)流入; 干涸(河流等)
The streets soon _____ when the storm began. 暴风雨来时, 街上立即空无一人。
empty adj.；
i. holding or containing nothing. 空的，不含任何东西的
ii. Having no occupants or inhabitants; vacant: 空无一人的：无人占有的或居住的；
例句：an empty chair; empty desert 空椅子；空旷的沙漠
iii．Lacking force or power: 无力的：
例句：an empty threat 无力的威胁
iv. Lacking purpose or substance; meaningless: 空虚的：无目的的或无实质的；无意义的：
例句：an empty life 空虚的生活
v. Not put to use; idle: 空闲的：未使用的；空闲的：
例句：empty hours 空闲的时间
vi. Needing nourishment; hungry: 饥饿的：需要营养的；饥饿的：
“More fierce and more inexorable far/Than empty tigers or the roaring sea”(Shakespeare)
“比饥饿的老虎或狂啸的大海更猛烈更无情”(莎士比亚)
6. present adj
i. 出席的,在场的
例句：How many people were present at the meeting 到会的有多少人
ii. 现在的,当前的
例句：I'm not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。
辨析：present 前置： Present 后置
iii. 【语】现在时的
例句： the present perfect tense 现在完成时
present n.
i. 现在,目前
例句：There is no time like the present. 机不可失,时不再来。
ii. 【语】现在时态
例句：the simple present 一般现在时
iii. 礼物,赠品[C] gift
例句：He often gave his neighbour’s kids little ______. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。
Present vt.
i. 赠送,呈献[(+to/with)]
例句：They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。
ii. 引起(问题),造成(困难)[(+to/with)]
例句：All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。
iii. 提出,提交,呈递[(+to)]
例句：Some 300 papers were _____ at the conference. 会上提出了大约三百篇论文。
iv. 呈现;描述;出示[(+to)]
例句：He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.
虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。
v. 上演;使扮演
例句：The National Theatre presents ‘Hamlet’ in a new production. 国家剧院上演新戏《哈姆雷特》。
IV. Learning Summary: ( 课堂小结 )
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.学案 3 Grammar
I. Teaching Aims:
1. This section will first deal with the non-restrictive attributive clause. Ss are expected to learn what the non-restrictive attributive clause is and in what situation it is used. Then they will learn how to use question tags and how to form question tags.
II. Teaching Important Points:
1. Ss will learn that a non-restrictive attributive clause is used to add extra information to the main sentence. They will also learn how to form a non-restrictive attributive clause and when to use it.
2. How to make students master the usage of question tags.
III. Teaching Methods:
Explanation and exercise
Ⅳ. Teaching Procedures:
A) non-restrictive attributive clause:
Step1 Warming up
Say some sentences to warm up students:
China has launched a manned spacecraft , which makes it the third country in the world
with advanced technology in this field.
(2) Do you still remember Mr. Garry, who you shook hands at the meeting last week
Step2 Lead in
Let students say sentences using attributive clauses with your timely help when necessary.
Step3 Activities:
Let Ss read the five examples in Point 1.Ask them to find the similarities and the differences between the restrictive attributive clauses and non- attributive clauses. Ask them to notice there is usually a comma between the antecedent and the clause.
(2) Let Ss read the example sentence in Point 2, and ask them what “which” refer to in these sentences. They will learn that sometimes a non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by “which” can be used to refer to the whole main clause.
(3) After reading the two example sentences in Point 3, Ss will know a non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by all / some of + which / whom can express a compleme or partial quantity.
(4) Ask Ss to do Part C1 on page 104 in Workbook, so they have a chance to distinguish between the restrictive attributive clauses and non- attributive clauses.
Step4 Write more sentences with non-restrictive attributive clause on the blackboard .
question tags.
Step1 Let Ss read the guidelines at the beginning of this part. Ask them to say in what different situations question tags are used. They will know question tags can be used :
to start a conversation: It’s a lovely day , isn’t it
to quest information in amore polite way: Neither of you has heard the news, have you
To soften an order or a quest for someone to do something: Pass the plate to me, will you
To ask for agreement or confirmation: You are a high school student, aren’t you
Step2 Let Ss read the five points in this part, so they will learn about different ways to form
question tags
Point 1
How to form a negative question tags.
Point 2
Ss should know when the main clause uses the words which have negative meanings we use a positive tag. Let them read the first tip box to know how to say the sentence with “little” in a question tag when it means small or young.
Point 3
Ss will know in a question tag we use a personal pronoun., such as we / they / you / it …
Point 4
Ss are told that we use a modal verb or be in a question tag, just as we use them in question sentences. Ask them to read the second tip box to know how to use the correct verb form in a question tag.
Point 5
Ss will learn how to use question tags after an imperative clause.
.Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting Events
学案 3 Grammar and Usage
I. Teaching Aims:
1. Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.
2. Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.
II. Teaching Important Points:
1. Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs.
2. How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.
III. Teaching Methods:
Explanation and exercise
IV. Teaching Procedures:
Step1 Warming up
Say some sentences to warm up students:
Can you drive
(2) You must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life.
Step2 Lead in
Let students say sentences including modal verbs as many as possible.
Step3 Activities:
Introduce modal verbs with the following:
------ Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldn’t. If we talk about the ability someone has now , we use “can”. If we talk about the ability someone had in the past, we usually use “could”.
(2) Ask students: If we talk about the ability in the future, what modal verbs do we use
( will, shall, be able to )
(3) Ask students to make sentences using these words to talk about ability.
(4) Talk about obligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”.
Step4 Write the following sentence on the blackboard :
(1) I might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the TV programme tonight.
------ Explain the usage of these modal verbs, showing more examples on the screen.
Step5 Explain the usage of permission of the modal verbs “Can, could, might”
------- Show the examples.
Step6. Ask students to read Part 1 on page 28 to find out how modal verbs are used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty and permission, showing more examples to the students and explaining the usage to the students.
(i) Ability------ can/could
例句：1) He _________ run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.
2) _________ the girl read before she goes to school
(ii) Obligation------ ought to/should
have to/must
ought to/should
表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称
例句：(1) You________ be polite to your teacher.
(2) You__________ spend so much time playing computer games.
2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思．
例句：If they start today, they _________ arrive there in two days.
3.表示与想象的不一样”照说应该……”
例句：I wonder where Mary is she ________ be here now.
4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气．
例句：(1) He suggested that I (______) go to shanghai tomorrow.
(2) He demanded that we (_______) solve the problem at once.
5.表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感彩．
例句：I am surprised he should eat so little every day.
have to/must
have to 表示客观需求
must 表示主观愿望
例句：(1) Everyone _______ go to school at the age of 7 in the country.
(2)We ______wok hard to make our country strong and rich.
(iii) Certainty might/may/could/should/ought to/will /must
例句：(1) She might win a medal at the Olympics.
(2)She may be at home now.
(3) She could read and write at the age of 4.
(4) She should come to join us.
(5) She ought to/will /must help me whenever I am in trouble.
(iv) Permission ------- can /could/may/might
例句：(1) A : Can I watch the Olympics
B: Yes, you can. /No, you can’t.
(2) A: May I have a look at you photo
B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.
Could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉
Step 7 Ask students to read Part 2 about the modal verbs of making requests, suggestions or offers, and give advice and read some examples.
Step 8 Additional points:
1. 情态动词表示推测的用法------情态动词must, can, could, may, might都可用来表示推测.
(1) must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。
(2) can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 , can’t或couldn’t 表示“不可能”
(3) may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。
2. 表推测的重要句型：
(1) 表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must + do ”
(2) 表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must + have +done”
(3) 表示对现在正在进行情况进行推测、判断用“must + be +doing ”
Step 9 其它情态动词的用法
(I) need and dare
作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式．
1. 情态动词时：
例句：(1) ---Need I help you
---Yes, please.
(2) You needn’t telephone him now.
(3) How dare you talk to the teacher like that
(4) The girl dare not go out alone at night
2. 用作实义动词时:
(1) We need to tell him the news.
Need (2) You don’t need to tell him the news.
(3) Do the flowers need watering
(4) I didn’t dare to tell you the truth.
Dare (5) Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand
(6) The boy dares to do anything he likes.
(II) shall
1. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
例句: (1) Shall we begin our class （征求意见）
(2) When shall Mike be able to leave hospital (请示)
2. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。
例句: (1) You shall go with me.(命令)
(2) You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
(3) He shall be punished.(威胁)
3. 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
例句: “The interest ________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
(III) will
1. will表示请求，建议等，不如would委婉
例句: (1) Will /Would you pass me the book
(2) Will you please close the window
2. will 表示意志，愿望，决心
例句: (1) I will never do that again.
(2) I will give up smoking.
3. will 表示习惯性动作
例句: The couple will have a walk after supper every day.
4. 常用于否定句中，表示拒绝工作。
例句: The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
（IV）used to 和would的区别
1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。
例句: He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）
2. 不可用would的情况：
例句: (1) She isn’t what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。
（表示对比，不可用would）
There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。
(表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would)
（V）情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1. should/ought to +have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to+ have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。
2. might +have done表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”, 或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
could +have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
needn’t +have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。
Exercises for Grammar:
一．单项选择：
1. It around nine o’clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.
A. must be B. must have been
C. can’t be D. should have been
2. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class;
A. he should study last night
B. he should have studied last night
C. he must have studied last night
D. he must had to study last night
3. You _________ yesterday if you were really serious about your work.
A. ought to come B. ought to be coming
C. ought to have come D. ought have come
4. ----“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.”
----“He _ it.”
mustn’t attended B. couldn’t have attended
C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended
5. You ______all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.
A. didn’t need to carry B. needn’t have carried
C. needn’t carry D. didn’t need carry
6. Mr. White ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
7. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You ___ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
8. — I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
— You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
9. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____work at inconvenient hours.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
10. We ____ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
11. —Is Jack on duty today
—It ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t
12. If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
13. As you worked late yesterday, you ______ have come this morning.
A. needn’t B. mayn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
14. There's no light on — they______ be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn‘t
15. —May I smoke here
— If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
16. —Must he come to sign this paper himself
—Yes, he _______.
A. need B. must C. may D. will
17. —Is John coming by train
—He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
18. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
19. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
20. I thought you _____like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. would D. must
21. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
22. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
23. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to
24. — Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
25. — Might I watch TV after supper
— Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
26. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
27. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t
28. —Will you stay for lunch
—Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
29. —May I pick a flower in the garden
— ________.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please. C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t
30. He ______ be punished if he disobeys.
A. shall B. will C. would D. could
二．完形填空
Mrs. Green, including her husband and three children, lived in a city, 31 was very near the countryside. She worked 32__ a teacher and gave music lessons at a school. Of course she was fond of 33 .
Mrs. Green had a good voice and she 34 her classes exciting. But she had a 35 point. Some of her notes (音调) were so high that they sounded like a door which needed 36 . In order to improve her notes, she took 37 chance that she could find to practise.
As her house was not big, she couldn't practise 38 in it. So she usually left home, walking and singing 39 the country road. She practised her high notes 40 walking. However, each time she heard a person or a car 41 along the road, she 42 singing. She did not want her high notes to be 43 , for she was shy.
One afternoon a fast open car came up to her so 44 and so fast that she didn't 45 it until the car was only a few meters. She was practising some of her 46 and most difficult notes at that time. As the car passed by, she saw a 47 expression come over the driver's face. He stopped suddenly to 48 all the tires carefully.
Mrs. Green felt it shy to tell the driver what the 49 he had heard really was. The driver found 50 wrong, got back into the car and drove off.
31. A. that B. which C. where D. there
32. A. as B. like C. with D. on
33. A. books B. pictures C. sports D. music
34. A. got B. supported C. made D. forced
35. A. weak B. strong C. good D. special
36. A. painting B. locking C. cleaning D. oiling
37. A. some B. every C. a D. other
38. A. operating B. listening C. singing D. teaching
39. A. across B. beside C. close to D. along
40. A. as soon as B. while C. after D. before
41. A. coming B. disappearing C. leaving D. driving
42. A. kept B. went on C. stopped D. began
43.A. found B. made C. hearing D. heard
44. A. quietly B. quickly C. carefully D. slowly
45. A. recognize B. catch C. realize D. provide
46. A. biggest B. highest C. nice D. largest
47. A. puzzled B. sad C. serious D. angry
48. A. watch B. examine C. control D. notice
49. A. fact B. note C. noise D. music
50. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
三．阅读理解
A
A few months ago, millions of people in London heard alarms all over the town. The emergency services, the Fire Departments, the Police, hospitals, and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. In railway underground stations, people read notices and maps which told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. This was Exercise Flood Call, to prepare people for a flood emergency. London wasn't flooded yet, but it is possible that it would be. In 1236 and in 1663, London was badly flooded. In 1928, people living in Westminster, the heart of London, drowned in floods. And in 1953, one hundred people, living on the eastern edge of the London suburbs were killed, again, in the floods. At last, Greater London Council took actions to prevent this disaster from happening again. Though a flood wall was built in the 1960s, Londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster. If it happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. Electricity, gas and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be drowned. It will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between north and south London. Imagine: London will look like the famous Italian city, Venice. But this Exercise Flood Call didn't cause panic among Londoners. Most people knew it was just a warning. One lady said, "It's a flood warning, isn't it The water doesn't look high to me."?
51. What is the passage mainly about
A. Possible damages caused by floods. B. Emergency exercise in London.
C. Flood emergency in London. D. London floods in history.
52. The purpose of the Exercise Flood Call is to ____________.
A. train the civil defence for the flood B. prevent the flood from happening again
C. set up an alarm system D. prepare prople against possible floods
53. The author quotes the woman(the underlined sentence) to______________.
A. describe how frightened most of the Londoners were
B. argue that it’s impossible to prevent floods in London
C. show that most Londoners took Exercise Flood Call carmly
D. prove that Exercise Flood Call did cause a lot of trouble to the Londoners.
54. From this passage, we can conclude that_____________.
A. though a flood wall has once been built, London is very likely to be struck by a big flood
B. It is impossible for a flood to happen again in London
C. Londoners have done nothing to prevent the flood from attacking their city again
D. London has never been attacked by big floods.
四． 任务型阅读(共1 O题；每小题1分，满分1 O分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。
D. R. Gaul Middle School is in Union, Maine, a blueberry-farming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pie-eating contests.
Gaul, with about 170 seventh- and eighth-graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. One likely reason: Education beyond the basic requirements hasn't always been a top priority for families who've worked the same land for generations. Here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders (teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.
Since 2002, Gaul's students have been divided into four classes, each of them taught almost every subject by two teachers. The goal: To find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork -- and sparks motivation for learning.
Working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporating non-textbook literature, hands-on lab work and field trips. If students are covering the Civil War in social studies, they're reading The Red Badge of Courage or some other period literature in English class. In science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.
Team teaching isn't unusual. About 77 percent of middle schools now employ some form of it, says John Lounsbury, consulting editor for the National Middle School Association. But most schools use four- or five-person teams, which Gaul tried before considering two-person teams more effective. Gaul supports the team concept by "looping" classes (跟班) so that the same two teachers stick with the same teens through seventh and eighth bining teams and looping creates an extremely strong bond between teacher and student. It also, says teacher Beth Ahlholm, "allows us to build an excellent relationship with parents."
Ahlholm and teammate Madelon Kelly are fully aware how many glazed looks they see in the classroom, but they know 72 percent of their eighth-graders met Maine's reading standard last year -- double the statewide average. Only 31 percent met the math standard, still better than the state average (21 percent). Their students also beat the state average in writing and science. And in2006, Gaul was one of 47 schools in the state to see testing gains of at least 20 percent in four of the previous five years, coinciding roughly with team teaching's arrival.
A Classroom With Context
Problems of the school Being a farming town，it(1) little in education before．
(2) education is considered less important．
The community is relatively(3) rather than open to the outsiders．
Ways of solving the problems The division of classes is made and students are well(4) ．
Individual schedules and lesson plans are(5) by each team．
A strong(6) between teacher and student is established through combining teams and looping．
Signs of (7) 72 percent of the eighth-graders(8) Maine's reading standard
(9)percent higher than the state average in maths
the school beating the state average in writing and science
four of the previous five years(10)_____at least 20 percent test gains
.学案 3 Grammar and Usage
I. Teaching Aims:
1. Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.
2. Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.
II. Teaching Important Points:
1. Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs.
2. How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.
III. Teaching Methods:
Explanation and exercise
IV. Teaching Procedures:
Step1 Warming up
Say some sentences to warm up students:
Can you drive
(2) You must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life.
Step2 Lead in
Let students say sentences including modal verbs as many as possible.
Step3 Activities:
Introduce modal verbs with the following:
------ Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldn’t. If we talk about the ability someone has now , we use “can”. If we talk about the ability someone had in the past, we usually use “could”.
(2) Ask students: If we talk about the ability in the future, what modal verbs do we use
( will, shall, be able to )
(3) Ask students to make sentences using these words to talk about ability.
(4) Talk about obligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”.
Step4 Write the following sentence on the blackboard :
(1) I might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the TV programme tonight.
------ Explain the usage of these modal verbs, showing more examples on the screen.
Step5 Explain the usage of permission of the modal verbs “Can, could, might”
------- Show the examples.
Step6. Ask students to read Part 1 on page 28 to find out how modal verbs are used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty and permission, showing more examples to the students and explaining the usage to the students.
(i) Ability------ can/could
例句：1) He _________ run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.
2) _________ the girl read before she goes to school
(ii) Obligation------ ought to/should
have to/must
ought to/should
表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称
例句：(1) You________ be polite to your teacher.
(2) You__________ spend so much time playing computer games.
2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思．
例句：If they start today, they _________ arrive there in two days.
3.表示与想象的不一样”照说应该……”
例句：I wonder where Mary is she ________ be here now.
4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气．
例句：(1) He suggested that I (______) go to shanghai tomorrow.
(2) He demanded that we (_______) solve the problem at once.
5.表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感彩．
例句：I am surprised he should eat so little every day.
have to/must
have to 表示客观需求
must 表示主观愿望
例句：(1) Everyone _______ go to school at the age of 7 in the country.
(2)We ______wok hard to make our country strong and rich.
(iii) Certainty might/may/could/should/ought to/will /must
例句：(1) She might win a medal at the Olympics.
(2)She may be at home now.
(3) She could read and write at the age of 4.
(4) She should come to join us.
(5) She ought to/will /must help me whenever I am in trouble.
(iv) Permission ------- can /could/may/might
例句：(1) A : Can I watch the Olympics
B: Yes, you can. /No, you can’t.
(2) A: May I have a look at you photo
B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.
Could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉
Step 7 Ask students to read Part 2 about the modal verbs of making requests, suggestions or offers, and give advice and read some examples.
Step 8 Additional points:
1. 情态动词表示推测的用法------情态动词must, can, could, may, might都可用来表示推测.
(1) must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。
(2) can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 , can’t或couldn’t 表示“不可能”
(3) may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。
2. 表推测的重要句型：
(1) 表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must + do ”
(2) 表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must + have +done”
(3) 表示对现在正在进行情况进行推测、判断用“must + be +doing ”
Step 9 其它情态动词的用法
(I) need and dare
作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式．
1. 情态动词时：
例句：(1) ---Need I help you
---Yes, please.
(2) You needn’t telephone him now.
(3) How dare you talk to the teacher like that
(4) The girl dare not go out alone at night
2. 用作实义动词时:
(1) We need to tell him the news.
Need (2) You don’t need to tell him the news.
(3) Do the flowers need watering
(4) I didn’t dare to tell you the truth.
Dare (5) Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand
(6) The boy dares to do anything he likes.
(II) shall
1. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
例句: (1) Shall we begin our class （征求意见）
(2) When shall Mike be able to leave hospital (请示)
2. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。
例句: (1) You shall go with me.(命令)
(2) You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
(3) He shall be punished.(威胁)
3. 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
例句: “The interest ________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
(III) will
1. will表示请求，建议等，不如would委婉
例句: (1) Will /Would you pass me the book
(2) Will you please close the window
2. will 表示意志，愿望，决心
例句: (1) I will never do that again.
(2) I will give up smoking.
3. will 表示习惯性动作
例句: The couple will have a walk after supper every day.
4. 常用于否定句中，表示拒绝工作。
例句: The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
（IV）used to 和would的区别
1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。
例句: He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）
2. 不可用would的情况：
例句: (1) She isn’t what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。
（表示对比，不可用would）
There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。
(表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would)
（V）情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1. should/ought to +have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to+ have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。
2. might +have done表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”, 或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
could +have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，或表示对已发生的事的猜测。
needn’t +have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。
.学案 1 Welcome and Reading(第1--3课时)
I. Learning Aims:（学习目标）
To find out the differences of their life between senior high and junior high.
To learn something about the high school life in the UK.
To know how to get on well with high school life / study.
To find out how an activity attracts the students and helps the students
To read a magazine article about school life in the UK.
To learn to apply two basic reading skills: skimming and scanning.
To learn some expressions about school life.
II. Learning Procedures:（学习步骤）
Step 1 Greeting and Lead-in
1. Let some students make a self-introduction.
2. Say something about their junior high school life.
Step 2 Welcome to the unit
Pair work: brain storm:
When we are talking about our school life, what will we probably think of
Step 3 Comparison (Group work)
Here are three pictures that show some aspects of school life in the UK. Please read the instructions and look at the pictures: what’s the difference between schools in China and the UK
Aspects In the UK In China
Huge campus and low-rise buildings We can see huge campus and low-rise buildings, which is the biggest difference from schools in China Schools in China usually have a large enough campus to make sure students have enough space to study and play in. But most school buildings are taller, at least three storeys.
Lockers for every student There are rows of lockers by the classrooms for students to put stationary, books, and other belongings. Students bring what they need for lessons to school and then take it all back home after school. Most schools in china do not have equipment in the classroom.
Fewer students in each class There are fewer students in a class, no more than 30 per class. There are more students in high school, perhaps 40 to 50 per class. Recently some schools begin to limit the number of students in each class.
At ease with our teacher Students have a close relationship with teachers. They feel at ease with them. It’s similar in china. Nowadays, teachers and students have established a good relationship with each other. They respect each other and work to gain a better understanding.
Step 4 Presentation
Now we are going to read a magazine article written by an exchanging student. She has been studying in the UK for one year. Now she gives a clear brief introduction about her school life there.
Before we read the article, we are going to learn the reading strategy: skimming and scanning. (P.3: Reading strategy)
Skimming: to get a general idea of the article.
Focus on the title, heading, captions, the first and last sentences of paragraphs, charts and pictures …
Scanning: to locate specific information about an article.
Look for key words and phrases, dates and words in bold, italics or capital letters…
Step 5 Reading
1. Skimming question:
How does Wei Hua feel about her life in the UK
2. Scanning:
1) What topics are mentioned in the WeiHua’s letter
(opt. are the following aspects of school life mentioned in the article
Teachers classmates friends subjects homework grades timetable activities school facilities host family food hobbies customs traditions festivals)
2) Scan the passage and complete Part C1, C2 on page 4
Step 6 Group work
What’s the similarity and difference between the schools in China and the UK
Aspects In the UK In China
similarity
difference
Step 7 Practice
Pair work
Now you are a reporter from the school magazine, and have a chance to interview Wei Hua. What other information would you like to know about her life and study in the UK
Suppose your desk mate is Wei Hua, make a dialogue.
Homework
1. Complete parts D and E
2. Read the two articles in reading on pages 82 and 83 in wb and answers the questions below them.
3. Daniel Adams will come to your school as an exchange student. Write a letter to him and introduce your school life to him.
4. Preview the following lesson.
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