专题04 重点语法知识梳理二
目录
Grammar6:现在进行时态&连词when、because的用法 1
【活学活用6】 3
Grammar7:常用的情态动词 7
【活学活用7】 9
Grammar8:so/neither所引导的倒装句&名词的复数 13
【活学活用8】 15
Grammar9:一般将来时&wh-特殊疑问句& imperatives 15
【活学活用9】 18
Grammar10:序数词的用法 20
【活学活用10】 21
Grammar6:现在进行时态&连词when、because的用法
1. 现在进行时态
(1)构成
肯定形式:be+ doing
否定形式:be not+ doing
疑问形式:把be动词提至句首
(2)现在进行时表示说话者此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作,由be动词(am, is, are)+现在分词(动词-ing形式)构成。现在进行时的基本用法如下:
表示此时此刻(说话者)正在进行的动作,常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用 We are planting trees with our teachers at the moment. 我们此刻正和老师们在植树。 What are you doing now 你现在在做什么?
表示(说话者)在现阶段进行的活动,但未必发生在说话的当时 Mike is translating a book now. 迈克目前在翻译一本书。
表示对较近的将来的打算,安排,意图等,多用于转移动词 We are leaving tomorrow. 我们明天离开。
(3)现在进行时使用时要注意的几个问题
①某些表示感知的动词,如:see,hear,smell,taste等,一般不用现在进行时。例如:
Do you see a plane in the sky 你看见天上有一架飞机吗?
I hear a noise outside the window, and you 我听到窗外一阵喧闹,你听到了吗?
②有些表示情感、愿望或心理状态的动词一般也不用现在进行时,这类动词主要有:love,like, hate, want, need, believe, know, understand, remember, wish, guess, mean, think, feel, find, show, have, matter等。
2. 连词when的用法
when是从属连词,在句子中引导一个表示时间的状语从句,表示“当……的时候”。
when引导的时间状语从句的时态用法
主句时态 连词 从句时态
祈使句/一般将来时 when 一般现在时
一般过去时 一般过去时
过去进行时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去进行时
过去完成时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
Give it to her when you meet her.当你见到她时把这给她。
I liked toy cars when I was young. 我小的时候喜欢玩具汽车。
They were talking about the problem when I came in. 当我进来的时候他们正在讨论问题。
I met Lucy when I was walking in the street yesterday. 昨天我走在街上的时候遇到了露西。
The film had begun when I arrived at the cinema. 当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
I went to play football when I had finished homework. 当我完成作业的时候我去踢球了。
3. 连词because的用法
because引导原因状语从句。
They stopped the match because it was raining too hard. 因为正下大雨,他们停止了比赛。
He asked for leave because he had to see the doctor.他请了假,因为他必须去看医生。
【活学活用6】
1.—Let’s go out to fly kites, shall we
—OK. I ________.
A.will come B.am going to come C.come D.am coming
2.The summer vacation will begin next week. David ________ to stay with us.
A.will be coming B.comes C.came D.is coming
3.—What are you busy doing these days, Mr. Zhao
—I ________ my newborn baby. You can’t imagine how busy I am!
4.— Is this raincoat yours
— No, mine ________ there behind the door.
A.is hanging B.hangs C.hung D.will hang
5.Sarah ________ singing, but she likes dancing. Look! She ________ there.
A.doesn’t like; is dancing B.doesn’t like; dances C.isn’t like; is dancing D.don’t like; is dancing
6.She, with her sister, ________ a music class now.
A.have B.is having C.are having D.has
7.________ the boy failed to pass the English examination ________ he didn’t study hard.
A.Because; so B.For; so C./; because; D.So; because
8.Mom, my classmates are waiting outside, ________ I must go now.
A.or B.but C.so D.though
9.Forests help to keep water from running away, ________ drought(干旱)does not often happen.
A.and B.but C.so D.though
10.Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday, ________ he had to stay at home.
A.because B.but C.or D.so
11.There are no buses, ________ you’ll have to walk.
A.so B.or C.but D.for
Grammar7:常用的情态动词
1. can/could表示有能力
1)can/could用于表示具有某种能力。
I can sing many English songs.我会唱许多英语歌曲。
Can you ride a horse 你会骑马吗?
2) be able to与can/could同义,但be able to可以用于各种时态。
We have been able to talk with foreigners.我们已经能够和外国人交谈了。
She was able to play the guitar when she was young.她小时候就会弹吉他了。
3) can还可以表示猜测,意为“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句,意为“不可能”或“……
可能吗”。
He can’t be in the classroom now. I saw him in the library just now. 我刚才在图书馆看见过他,他现在不可能在教室里。
Mike can’t have missed the way. He got the map. 迈克不可能迷了路,他带了地图。
2. may/might / could表示许可
(1) may/might, can/could表示“允许某人做某事”。例如:
You may/can finish your papers at home. 你可以在家完成这些试卷。
You may/can sit here and wait for her. 你可以坐在这里等她。
(2)“May/Might/Can/Could I…?”用于表示请求对方许可。may/might语气比较正式,can/could语气较为随便,could语气最为婉转。例如:
Can/could I watch TV first 我可以先看电视吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you may/can. 是的,你可以。
否定回答:No, you may not/can't. 不,你不可以。
(3)may not, can’t, mustn't表示不允许。例如:
You may not/can’t sit in the waiting room. It’s for children only. 你不可以坐在这个候车室里,这是专供孩子们坐的。
3. must表示必须
(1) must表示必须。例如:
You must keep quiet; Granny is sleeping in the bedroom. 你必须安静一些,奶奶在卧室内睡觉。
(2)“Must…?”用于询问“是否必须做某事”,否定回答是needn't(不必)。例如:
Must I arrive here at eight 我必须八点到这里吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you must. 是的,必须。
否定回答:No, you needn’t. 不,不必。
(3) 表示“不必’’的结构有:needn’t, don't need to, don't have to。例如:
You don't need to buy these expensive clothes. 你不必买这些昂贵的衣服。
4. must和have to的区别
must表示主观上认为必须做某事,have to表示客观上不得不做某事。例如:
I must start at seven so that I can catch the early bus. 为了能赶上早班车,我必须七点出发。
It's raining hard we have to stay at home. 雨下得很大我们不得不待在家里。
【活学活用7】
1.—I don’t care what my teachers think.
—Well, you ________.
2.—Must I finish my homework right now
—No, you ________.
A.needn’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.can’t
3.—________ I have a ticket, please
—Sorry, sir. All the tickets were sold out ten minutes ago.
A.May B.Need C.Must D.Should
4.— Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening
— No, it ________ be her. She ________ to Japan.
A.mustn’t; has gone B.mustn’t; has been C.can’t; has gone D.can’t; has been
5.—It’s such a long way! What shall I do
—You ________ take my car if you want.
A.will B.must C.may D.shall
6.—What is your mother going to do this Saturday
—I’m not sure. She ________ go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.may C.must D.shall
7.— Can I take the magazines out
— No, sir. They ________ out of the reading room. It’s a rule.
A.needn’t be taken B.can’t take C.mustn’t be taken D.will not be taken
8.Susan is good at English and she ________ sing English songs.
A.need B.may C.can D.must
9.—Whose jacket is it
—It ________ be Wu Lei’s. I saw him wear it just now.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
10.—Can I wear any clothes I like to school
—No, you can’t. You ________ wear the uniform.
A.might B.must C.will D.would
Grammar8:so/neither所引导的倒装句&名词的复数
1. “So + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + somebody.”表示“某人也是某种情况”;“Neither + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + somebody.”表示“某人也不是(某种情况)”。前者用于对肯定句的回应,后者用于对否定句的回应。如:
—— I’m interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。
—— So am I. 我也是。
—— I am not pleased with my studies. 我对自己的学业不满意。
—— Neither am I. 我也不满意。
【注意】 so/neither所引导倒装句中的be动词、助动词或情态动词必须和前句的保持一致,且倒装句中的人称而相应变化。另外,由于neither已表示了否定的意思,因此在其引导的倒装句中,be动词、助动词或情态动词不必再用否定形式。
2. 名词的复数
可数名词有单复数形式。构成名词复数的方法有规则和不规则变化:
1)规则变化:
①一般在词尾加s : seat-seats lake-lakes
②辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变成i后再加es : story-stories body-bodies
③s,x,sh, ch.结尾的单词, 加es
dress-dresses brush-brushes watch-watches box-boxes
④f,fe结尾的名词,将f改成v再加es : life-lives knife-knives thief-thieves shelf-shelves
⑤辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般加es : potato-patatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
⑥元音字母加o,以及某些外来词或者缩略词,直接加s : radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos
2)不规则变化:
child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth ox-oxen
goose-geese woman-women man-men policeman-policemen
Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans
3)单复数同形
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
sheep-sheep fish-fish(表示种类复数时用fishes)
4)常用复数的单词和词组
clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜
with one's own eyes亲眼(区别:catch one's eye引起注意)
make friends with交朋友
sports meet运动会
the Olympic Games奥运会
shake hands with....与……握手
【活学活用8】
完成下列句子
1. —— Tom will visit Thailand next month.
—— _________ ________ I.
2. —— He didn’t finish his homework yesterday.
—— __________ _______ I.
3. —— I have already had my dinner.
—— _________ _______ he.
4. —— My father can swim across this river.
—— ________ ________ my mother.
Grammar9:一般将来时&wh-特殊疑问句& imperatives
1. be going to(一般将来时)
1)用法
be going to用来表示按计划或打算将要发生的事情以及根据现在的客观情况对未来事态的推测。
I have bought some materials and I’m going to build a garage in two days.
我已经买了一些材料,我打算两天后建一个修车场。
Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些云!快要下雨了。
2)构成
肯定句:主语+am/is/are going to do…
否定句:主语+am/is/are not going to do…
主语+ am not/isn’t/aren't going to do…
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+going to do…?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:主语+ isn't/aren't.(No,I'm not.)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am/is/are+主语+going to do
例如:They are going to have an English test next Wednesday. 下周三他们将进行一场英语测试。
He is not going to drive his mother to the airport. 他不打算开车送他妈妈去机场。
- Is she going to stay at home 她打算呆在家里吗?
- Yes, she is. /No, she isn't.是的。/不。
What is she going to do when she leaves school 她毕业后打算做什么?
3) There is going to be…将要有…
There is going to be a sports meeting, isn't there 将要举行一次运动会,是吗?
注意:There is going to be结构中的be不可以用have来代替。
4) will的用法
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,will可用于各种人称。
It will soon be Christmas. 很快就到圣诞节了。
5) shall的用法
shall也表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,只用于第一人称I和we。
I shall go to see you next weekend. 我下个周末去看你。
6)常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:
next time下一次 tomorrow明天 tomorrow morning明天早上
next year明年 before long不久以后 in the future将来
in an hour一个小时后 in 10 years' time十年后
2. wh-特殊疑问句
1) what用于对谓语部分、宾语或句子的主语进行提问。
What is he going to do He is going to do his homework. 他打算做什么?他打算做作业。
What did he write just now He wrote a letter. 他刚才在写什么?他在写信。
What made her mother so sad His sudden death made her mother so sad.
什么让她妈妈这么难过?他的突然去世让她妈妈这么难过。
2) why用于对原因进行提问。
Why were you late for school this morning I was late for school this morning because I didn't catch the early bus.
今天早上你为什么上学迟到?我今早上学迟到是因为没赶上早班车。
Why didn't you come here I didn't come here because of the bad weather.
你为什么没有来这里?我没来这里是因为天气不好。
3) when and where用于同时对句中的时间和地点状语进行提问。
When and where did you go for a picnic We went for a picnic in that park last weekend.
4) what time用于对具体时刻进行提问。
What time did you leave the classroom We left the classroom at 16:25. 你几点离开教室?我16点25分离开教室。
5) how用于对方式进行提问。
How do you usually go to school I usually go to school in my mother's car. 你通常怎么去学校?我通常坐我妈妈的车去学校。
6) who一词用于对主语(人)或宾语(人)进行提问。
Who do you plan to visit the Great Wall with? We plan to visit the Great Wall with our parents.
你们打算和谁一起去游览长城?我们打算和父母一起去游览长城。
3. imperatives.
本课中出现了不少祈使句。这些祈使句告诉我们如何来制作葡萄干烤饼。如:
Firstly, mix 50 grams of butter, 200 grams of self-raising flour and a little salt together. 首先,将50克黄油,200克自发面粉和少许盐充分搅拌。
祈使句是指表示命令或建议的句子,通常没有主语。句子开头的谓语动词必须是行为动词或be动词的原形。祈使句的否定句是直接在句子开头的动词原形前加Don’t, 而且必须是缩略形式,不可以用完全形式。如:
Come here, please. 请到这边来。
Be careful! 小心!
Don’t put you dirty gloves on the bed, please. 请不要把你的脏手套放在床上。
Don’t be late again! 不要再迟到了!
【活学活用9】
Fill in the blanks with the given words.
what where why who when how
1 A: is Rebecca Yao
B: She's our new sports teacher.
2 B: much are these watches
B: They're $ 70 each.
3 A: do you live
B: In Shanghai.
4 A: do you have your English classes
B: On Mondays and Thursdays.
5 A: do you want to drink
B: Cola, please.
6 A: is the night market
B: In Yu Garden.
7 A: are you crying now
B; My mother gave me 300 yuan this morning, but I lost it.
8 A: long are you going to stay in Beijing
B: For about three weeks.
9 A: did you get up this morning
B: At about 9.00 a.m.
10 A: job does your father do
B: He's a famous engineer.
按要求改写句子
1. I’m going to buy a pair of shoes for Tom’s birthday. (改成否定句)
I’m __________ _________ to buy a pair of shoes for Tom’s birthday.
2. He is going to spend his holiday in Europe. (就划线部分提问)
________ is he going to ________ his holiday
Grammar10:序数词的用法
1. 序数词的用法
1)构成
★“第一”到“第三”的拼法特殊:first, second, third
★序数词一般是在基数词后加-th,如:sixth, tenth, fifteenth
注意:有几个序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
★序数词的十位数是整数时一般是将-ty中的y去掉,变成i再加-eth,如:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth
★序数词表示“几十几”时,十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”。十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-second,thirty-eighth
★整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th,如:one hundredth
★序数词表示“几百几十几”时,只要将最后一个基数词变成序数词,如:two hundred and fifty-seventh
★千至百万的序数词,都只要将最后一个词变成序数词,如:ten thousandth, one millionth
2)用法
★序数词在句子中可作主语、定语、表语或状语。
The first of October is our National Day. 十月一日是国庆节。
I won the first prize in the reading contest.我在阅读比赛中得到第一名。
★序数词的前面一般要加定冠词the,但它也可以和不定冠词a连用,表示“再一,又一”。
We'll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
【活学活用10】
1.—Good news! Bill won _________ medal in the long jump just now.
—Really That’s his _________ one at our sports meeting.
A.a; four B.an; fourth C.a; fourth D.an; four
2.He was born on _________.
A.1994, March eight B.March 8, 1994 C.1994, 8 March D.March eight, 1994
3.—Have you finished the book yet
—Not yet. I have just read_________ of it.
A.second three B.two thirds C.two three D.two third
4.—Have you seen the CCTV news on TV
—Yes, ________ children had a good festival on the ________ Children’s Day.
A.millions of; sixty B.ten millions; sixtieth C.millions of; sixtieth D.ten millions; sixty
5.The teacher was very angry because the boy made ________ mistakes in his homework.
A.one B.fifth C.five
6.My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday.
A.fourty; fourtieth B.forty; fortieth C.fourteen; fortieth D.forty; the fortieth
7.Mobile phones are more and more popular with middle school students, and about ________ of the students in our school have mobile phones. But they never use them in class.
A.60 percents B.60 percent C.60 of percents
8.________ of the students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A.Two fifths, are B.Two fifth, are C.Two fifths, is
9.The population in China has reached over 1.4 billion and ________ of them _____ farmers.
A.three fifths; be B.three fifths; are C.three fifths; is
10.It’s my _________ time to come to the bookstore this month because most of the books in it are my favorite.
A.third B.three C.the third专题04 重点语法知识梳理二
目录
Grammar6:现在进行时态&连词when、because的用法 1
【活学活用6】 3
Grammar7:常用的情态动词 7
【活学活用7】 9
Grammar8:so/neither所引导的倒装句&名词的复数 13
【活学活用8】 15
Grammar9:一般将来时&wh-特殊疑问句& imperatives 15
【活学活用9】 18
Grammar10:序数词的用法 20
【活学活用10】 21
Grammar6:现在进行时态&连词when、because的用法
1. 现在进行时态
(1)构成
肯定形式:be+ doing
否定形式:be not+ doing
疑问形式:把be动词提至句首
(2)现在进行时表示说话者此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作,由be动词(am, is, are)+现在分词(动词-ing形式)构成。现在进行时的基本用法如下:
表示此时此刻(说话者)正在进行的动作,常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用 We are planting trees with our teachers at the moment. 我们此刻正和老师们在植树。 What are you doing now 你现在在做什么?
表示(说话者)在现阶段进行的活动,但未必发生在说话的当时 Mike is translating a book now. 迈克目前在翻译一本书。
表示对较近的将来的打算,安排,意图等,多用于转移动词 We are leaving tomorrow. 我们明天离开。
(3)现在进行时使用时要注意的几个问题
①某些表示感知的动词,如:see,hear,smell,taste等,一般不用现在进行时。例如:
Do you see a plane in the sky 你看见天上有一架飞机吗?
I hear a noise outside the window, and you 我听到窗外一阵喧闹,你听到了吗?
②有些表示情感、愿望或心理状态的动词一般也不用现在进行时,这类动词主要有:love,like, hate, want, need, believe, know, understand, remember, wish, guess, mean, think, feel, find, show, have, matter等。
2. 连词when的用法
when是从属连词,在句子中引导一个表示时间的状语从句,表示“当……的时候”。
when引导的时间状语从句的时态用法
主句时态 连词 从句时态
祈使句/一般将来时 when 一般现在时
一般过去时 一般过去时
过去进行时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去进行时
过去完成时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
Give it to her when you meet her.当你见到她时把这给她。
I liked toy cars when I was young. 我小的时候喜欢玩具汽车。
They were talking about the problem when I came in. 当我进来的时候他们正在讨论问题。
I met Lucy when I was walking in the street yesterday. 昨天我走在街上的时候遇到了露西。
The film had begun when I arrived at the cinema. 当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
I went to play football when I had finished homework. 当我完成作业的时候我去踢球了。
3. 连词because的用法
because引导原因状语从句。
They stopped the match because it was raining too hard. 因为正下大雨,他们停止了比赛。
He asked for leave because he had to see the doctor.他请了假,因为他必须去看医生。
【活学活用6】
1.—Let’s go out to fly kites, shall we
—OK. I ________.
A.will come B.am going to come C.come D.am coming
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——让我们出去放风筝吧,好吗?——好的。我来了。
考查现在进行时表示将来。go, come, arrive, return, begin等少数动词使用现在进行时(结构为be doing)可以表示预计将要发生的动作,故选D。
2.The summer vacation will begin next week. David ________ to stay with us.
A.will be coming B.comes C.came D.is coming
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:下周暑假就开始了。大卫将要和我们待在一起。
考查现在进行时表将来和位移动词。根据前句“The summer vacation will begin next week.”可知此句表达将要发生的事情,此句时态应用一般将来时,come是表示位置移动的动词,一般使用现在进行时表将来,故选D。
3.—What are you busy doing these days, Mr. Zhao
—I ________ my newborn baby. You can’t imagine how busy I am!
A.look after B.looked after C.am looking after
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——赵先生,你这几天都在忙什么呢?——我在照顾我刚出生的孩子。你想象不到我有多忙!
考查现在进行时。根据“What are you busy doing these days”可知,答语要用现在进行时结构。故选C。
4.— Is this raincoat yours
— No, mine ________ there behind the door.
A.is hanging B.hangs C.hung D.will hang
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——这件雨衣是你的吗?——不是,我的正挂在门后边。
考查动词时态,is hanging现在进行时;hangs动词三单;hung过去式;will hang一般将来时。根据“No, mine … there behind the door.”,可知应使用现在进行时态,故选A。
5.Sarah ________ singing, but she likes dancing. Look! She ________ there.
A.doesn’t like; is dancing B.doesn’t like; dances C.isn’t like; is dancing D.don’t like; is dancing
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——萨拉不喜欢唱歌,但是她喜欢跳舞。——瞧!她正在那儿跳舞。
考查动词时态。根据转折连词but可知萨拉不喜欢唱歌,该句介绍的是萨拉的爱好,所以用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,所以否定句借助助动词doesn’t,谓语动词用原形,故排除C、D;根据“Look!”可知后一句应使用现在进行时态,故选A。
6.She, with her sister, ________ a music class now.
A.have B.is having C.are having D.has
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:她和她的妹妹正在上音乐课。
考查动词时态,have动词原形;is having现在进行时;are having现在进行时;has动词三单。此题中“with her sister”是插入语,真正的主语为She,根据“now”一词,可知时态为现在进行时,故选B。
7.________ the boy failed to pass the English examination ________ he didn’t study hard.
A.Because; so B.For; so C./; because; D.So; because
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:这个男孩没有通过英语考试,因为他学习不努力。
考查连词词义辨析。because因为,引导原因状语从句,表示强烈的因果关系;so所以,是并列连词,表示因果关系中的结果;for因为、由于,并列连词,只能置于句中帮助构成并列句,期解释说明原因的作用。根据“the boy failed to pass the English examination”和“he didn’t study hard. ”可知,这是两个完整的句子,因此句中需要一个连词进行连接;两句为因果关系,表达的句意为男孩没有通过英语考试, “因为”他学习不努力。第一空不填,第二空填because。故选C。
8.Mom, my classmates are waiting outside, ________ I must go now.
A.or B.but C.so D.though
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:妈妈,同学们在外面等我,所以我现在得走了。
考查连词辨析。or否则,要不然;but但是;so因此;though尽管,虽然;根据“Mom, my classmates are waiting outside,”和下文“I must go now.”判断,前后句是因果关系,此处用so表示并列的因果关系。故选C。
9.Forests help to keep water from running away, ________ drought(干旱)does not often happen.
A.and B.but C.so D.though
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:森林有助于防止水土流失,这样干旱就不会经常发生了。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;so所以;though虽然。根据情境和前后两个简单句有因果关系,应该使用so。故选C。
10.Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday, ________ he had to stay at home.
A.because B.but C.or D.so
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:因为Ricky昨天患了重感冒,所以他不得不待在家里。
考查连词辨析。because因为;but但是;or否则,要不然;so因此。根据上文“Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday”可知,和下文“he had to stay at home.”是因果关系,用so来连接。故选D。
11.There are no buses, ________ you’ll have to walk.
A.so B.or C.but D.for
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:没有公共汽车,所以你们只好步行。
考查连词辨析。so所以;or否则;but但是;for因为。根据情境和空格前后两句之间是因果关系可知,所缺的词是so。故选A。
Grammar7:常用的情态动词
1. can/could表示有能力
1)can/could用于表示具有某种能力。
I can sing many English songs.我会唱许多英语歌曲。
Can you ride a horse 你会骑马吗?
2) be able to与can/could同义,但be able to可以用于各种时态。
We have been able to talk with foreigners.我们已经能够和外国人交谈了。
She was able to play the guitar when she was young.她小时候就会弹吉他了。
3) can还可以表示猜测,意为“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句,意为“不可能”或“……
可能吗”。
He can’t be in the classroom now. I saw him in the library just now. 我刚才在图书馆看见过他,他现在不可能在教室里。
Mike can’t have missed the way. He got the map. 迈克不可能迷了路,他带了地图。
2. may/might / could表示许可
(1) may/might, can/could表示“允许某人做某事”。例如:
You may/can finish your papers at home. 你可以在家完成这些试卷。
You may/can sit here and wait for her. 你可以坐在这里等她。
(2)“May/Might/Can/Could I…?”用于表示请求对方许可。may/might语气比较正式,can/could语气较为随便,could语气最为婉转。例如:
Can/could I watch TV first 我可以先看电视吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you may/can. 是的,你可以。
否定回答:No, you may not/can't. 不,你不可以。
(3)may not, can’t, mustn't表示不允许。例如:
You may not/can’t sit in the waiting room. It’s for children only. 你不可以坐在这个候车室里,这是专供孩子们坐的。
3. must表示必须
(1) must表示必须。例如:
You must keep quiet; Granny is sleeping in the bedroom. 你必须安静一些,奶奶在卧室内睡觉。
(2)“Must…?”用于询问“是否必须做某事”,否定回答是needn't(不必)。例如:
Must I arrive here at eight 我必须八点到这里吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you must. 是的,必须。
否定回答:No, you needn’t. 不,不必。
(3) 表示“不必’’的结构有:needn’t, don't need to, don't have to。例如:
You don't need to buy these expensive clothes. 你不必买这些昂贵的衣服。
4. must和have to的区别
must表示主观上认为必须做某事,have to表示客观上不得不做某事。例如:
I must start at seven so that I can catch the early bus. 为了能赶上早班车,我必须七点出发。
It's raining hard we have to stay at home. 雨下得很大我们不得不待在家里。
【活学活用7】
1.—I don’t care what my teachers think.
—Well, you ________.
A.could B.would C.should D.might
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——我不在乎老师会怎么想。——唉,你应该在乎的。
考查情态动词。could能够;would将,会;should应该;might可能;结合语境可知,此处表达的是“你应该在乎老师的想法”,should表示“应该”的意思,故选C。
2.—Must I finish my homework right now
—No, you ________.
A.needn’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:—— 我必须现在完成作业吗?—— 不,你不必。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要;may not可能不;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可以。根据“must引导的一般疑问句”可知,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。故选A。
3.—________ I have a ticket, please
—Sorry, sir. All the tickets were sold out ten minutes ago.
A.May B.Need C.Must D.Should
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——请问我可以买一张票吗?——抱歉,先生。所有票在十分钟前都卖光了。
考查情态动词。May可以;Need需要;Must必须;Should应该。根据语境,可知该一般疑问句在请求许可,应该用may,故选A。
4.— Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening
— No, it ________ be her. She ________ to Japan.
A.mustn’t; has gone B.mustn’t; has been C.can’t; has gone D.can’t; has been
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:—— 杰西卡今晚要给我们演讲吗?—— 不,不可能是她,她去了日本。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能; has gone已经去了某地;has been去过某地。根据“No”可知,不可能是Jessica,因此can’t符合句意;再者根据“No”可知,是已经去了某地,人还没有回来,因此has gone符合句意。故选C。
5.—It’s such a long way! What shall I do
—You ________ take my car if you want.
A.will B.must C.may D.shall
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——路太远了,我应该怎样做?——如果你愿意,你可以坐我的车。
考查情态动词。will将;must必须;may可以;shall将。根据后文“if you want”,可知此处表示可以做某事,故选C。
6.—What is your mother going to do this Saturday
—I’m not sure. She ________ go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.may C.must D.shall
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——星期六你妈妈打算做什么?——我不确定,她可能去看我奶奶。
考查情态动词。can能够;may可能;must必须;shall将。根据“I’m not sure”可知,此处表示不确定的推测。故选B。
7.— Can I take the magazines out
— No, sir. They ________ out of the reading room. It’s a rule.
A.needn’t be taken B.can’t take C.mustn’t be taken D.will not be taken
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:—— 我能把杂志带出去吗?—— 不能,先生。杂志禁止被带出阅览室,这是规定。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。needn’t be taken不需要被带出;can’t take不能带出;mustn’t be taken禁止被带出;will not be taken将不会被带出;根据“they”可知,代替的是杂志,和“take”之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态;再者根据“No, sir.”和“It’s a rule.”可知,禁止被带出,结合选项,mustn’t be taken符合句意。故选C。
8.Susan is good at English and she ________ sing English songs.
A.need B.may C.can D.must
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:苏珊擅长英语,她能唱英语歌曲。
考查情态动词。need需要;may可以,表示推测;can能够,表示能力;must必须。根据“Susan is good at English”可知,她能够唱英语歌曲,因此can符合句意。故选C。
9.—Whose jacket is it
—It ________ be Wu Lei’s. I saw him wear it just now.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——这是谁的夹克?——一定是吴磊的,刚才我还看他穿着的。
考查情态动词。can能;must一定;may可能;might可能,是may的过去式。根据“I saw him wear it just now”可知,此处表示肯定的推测,用must。故选B。
10.—Can I wear any clothes I like to school
—No, you can’t. You ________ wear the uniform.
A.might B.must C.will D.would
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——我可以穿我喜欢的衣服去学校吗?——不行。你必须穿校服。
考查情态动词。might可能;must必须;will将;would将。根据语境,可知此处表示规定,应该用must表“必须”,故选B。
Grammar8:so/neither所引导的倒装句&名词的复数
1. “So + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + somebody.”表示“某人也是某种情况”;“Neither + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + somebody.”表示“某人也不是(某种情况)”。前者用于对肯定句的回应,后者用于对否定句的回应。如:
—— I’m interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。
—— So am I. 我也是。
—— I am not pleased with my studies. 我对自己的学业不满意。
—— Neither am I. 我也不满意。
【注意】 so/neither所引导倒装句中的be动词、助动词或情态动词必须和前句的保持一致,且倒装句中的人称而相应变化。另外,由于neither已表示了否定的意思,因此在其引导的倒装句中,be动词、助动词或情态动词不必再用否定形式。
2. 名词的复数
可数名词有单复数形式。构成名词复数的方法有规则和不规则变化:
1)规则变化:
①一般在词尾加s : seat-seats lake-lakes
②辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变成i后再加es : story-stories body-bodies
③s,x,sh, ch.结尾的单词, 加es
dress-dresses brush-brushes watch-watches box-boxes
④f,fe结尾的名词,将f改成v再加es : life-lives knife-knives thief-thieves shelf-shelves
⑤辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般加es : potato-patatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
⑥元音字母加o,以及某些外来词或者缩略词,直接加s : radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos
2)不规则变化:
child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth ox-oxen
goose-geese woman-women man-men policeman-policemen
Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans
3)单复数同形
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
sheep-sheep fish-fish(表示种类复数时用fishes)
4)常用复数的单词和词组
clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜
with one's own eyes亲眼(区别:catch one's eye引起注意)
make friends with交朋友
sports meet运动会
the Olympic Games奥运会
shake hands with....与……握手
【活学活用8】
完成下列句子
1. —— Tom will visit Thailand next month.
—— _________ ________ I.
2. —— He didn’t finish his homework yesterday.
—— __________ _______ I.
3. —— I have already had my dinner.
—— _________ _______ he.
4. —— My father can swim across this river.
—— ________ ________ my mother.
【Keys】1. So will 2. Neither did 3. So has 4. So can
Grammar9:一般将来时&wh-特殊疑问句& imperatives
1. be going to(一般将来时)
1)用法
be going to用来表示按计划或打算将要发生的事情以及根据现在的客观情况对未来事态的推测。
I have bought some materials and I’m going to build a garage in two days.
我已经买了一些材料,我打算两天后建一个修车场。
Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些云!快要下雨了。
2)构成
肯定句:主语+am/is/are going to do…
否定句:主语+am/is/are not going to do…
主语+ am not/isn’t/aren't going to do…
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+going to do…?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:主语+ isn't/aren't.(No,I'm not.)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am/is/are+主语+going to do
例如:They are going to have an English test next Wednesday. 下周三他们将进行一场英语测试。
He is not going to drive his mother to the airport. 他不打算开车送他妈妈去机场。
- Is she going to stay at home 她打算呆在家里吗?
- Yes, she is. /No, she isn't.是的。/不。
What is she going to do when she leaves school 她毕业后打算做什么?
3) There is going to be…将要有…
There is going to be a sports meeting, isn't there 将要举行一次运动会,是吗?
注意:There is going to be结构中的be不可以用have来代替。
4) will的用法
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,will可用于各种人称。
It will soon be Christmas. 很快就到圣诞节了。
5) shall的用法
shall也表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,只用于第一人称I和we。
I shall go to see you next weekend. 我下个周末去看你。
6)常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:
next time下一次 tomorrow明天 tomorrow morning明天早上
next year明年 before long不久以后 in the future将来
in an hour一个小时后 in 10 years' time十年后
2. wh-特殊疑问句
1) what用于对谓语部分、宾语或句子的主语进行提问。
What is he going to do He is going to do his homework. 他打算做什么?他打算做作业。
What did he write just now He wrote a letter. 他刚才在写什么?他在写信。
What made her mother so sad His sudden death made her mother so sad.
什么让她妈妈这么难过?他的突然去世让她妈妈这么难过。
2) why用于对原因进行提问。
Why were you late for school this morning I was late for school this morning because I didn't catch the early bus.
今天早上你为什么上学迟到?我今早上学迟到是因为没赶上早班车。
Why didn't you come here I didn't come here because of the bad weather.
你为什么没有来这里?我没来这里是因为天气不好。
3) when and where用于同时对句中的时间和地点状语进行提问。
When and where did you go for a picnic We went for a picnic in that park last weekend.
4) what time用于对具体时刻进行提问。
What time did you leave the classroom We left the classroom at 16:25. 你几点离开教室?我16点25分离开教室。
5) how用于对方式进行提问。
How do you usually go to school I usually go to school in my mother's car. 你通常怎么去学校?我通常坐我妈妈的车去学校。
6) who一词用于对主语(人)或宾语(人)进行提问。
Who do you plan to visit the Great Wall with? We plan to visit the Great Wall with our parents.
你们打算和谁一起去游览长城?我们打算和父母一起去游览长城。
3. imperatives.
本课中出现了不少祈使句。这些祈使句告诉我们如何来制作葡萄干烤饼。如:
Firstly, mix 50 grams of butter, 200 grams of self-raising flour and a little salt together. 首先,将50克黄油,200克自发面粉和少许盐充分搅拌。
祈使句是指表示命令或建议的句子,通常没有主语。句子开头的谓语动词必须是行为动词或be动词的原形。祈使句的否定句是直接在句子开头的动词原形前加Don’t, 而且必须是缩略形式,不可以用完全形式。如:
Come here, please. 请到这边来。
Be careful! 小心!
Don’t put you dirty gloves on the bed, please. 请不要把你的脏手套放在床上。
Don’t be late again! 不要再迟到了!
【活学活用9】
Fill in the blanks with the given words.
what where why who when how
1 A: is Rebecca Yao
B: She's our new sports teacher.
2 B: much are these watches
B: They're $ 70 each.
3 A: do you live
B: In Shanghai.
4 A: do you have your English classes
B: On Mondays and Thursdays.
5 A: do you want to drink
B: Cola, please.
6 A: is the night market
B: In Yu Garden.
7 A: are you crying now
B; My mother gave me 300 yuan this morning, but I lost it.
8 A: long are you going to stay in Beijing
B: For about three weeks.
9 A: did you get up this morning
B: At about 9.00 a.m.
10 A: job does your father do
B: He's a famous engineer.
【Keys】1、Who 2、How 3、Where 4、When 5、What
6、 Where 7、Why 8、How 9、When 10、What
按要求改写句子
1. I’m going to buy a pair of shoes for Tom’s birthday. (改成否定句)
I’m __________ _________ to buy a pair of shoes for Tom’s birthday.
2. He is going to spend his holiday in Europe. (就划线部分提问)
________ is he going to ________ his holiday
【Keys】1. not going 2. Where…spend
Grammar10:序数词的用法
1. 序数词的用法
1)构成
★“第一”到“第三”的拼法特殊:first, second, third
★序数词一般是在基数词后加-th,如:sixth, tenth, fifteenth
注意:有几个序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
★序数词的十位数是整数时一般是将-ty中的y去掉,变成i再加-eth,如:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth
★序数词表示“几十几”时,十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”。十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-second,thirty-eighth
★整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th,如:one hundredth
★序数词表示“几百几十几”时,只要将最后一个基数词变成序数词,如:two hundred and fifty-seventh
★千至百万的序数词,都只要将最后一个词变成序数词,如:ten thousandth, one millionth
2)用法
★序数词在句子中可作主语、定语、表语或状语。
The first of October is our National Day. 十月一日是国庆节。
I won the first prize in the reading contest.我在阅读比赛中得到第一名。
★序数词的前面一般要加定冠词the,但它也可以和不定冠词a连用,表示“再一,又一”。
We'll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
【活学活用10】
1.—Good news! Bill won _________ medal in the long jump just now.
—Really That’s his _________ one at our sports meeting.
A.a; four B.an; fourth C.a; fourth D.an; four
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——好消息!Bill刚刚在长跑比赛中赢得奖牌。——真的么?那是他在我们运动会获得的第四枚奖牌。
考查冠词和序数词。根据“won...medal”可知,此处应用a,泛指一枚奖牌。由“his...one”可知,此处应用序数词;再结合选项,所以此处应用fourth。故选C。
2.He was born on _________.
A.1994, March eight B.March 8, 1994 C.1994, 8 March D.March eight, 1994
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:他出生在1994年3月8日。
考查日期。英语中的日期表示法是:月——日——年,且日为序数词或数字。故选B。
3.—Have you finished the book yet
—Not yet. I have just read_________ of it.
A.second three B.two thirds C.two three D.two third
【答案】B
【详解】
句意——你已经读完这本书了么?——还没有。我只读了三分之二。
考查数词。second第二;third第三;two二;three三。分数表达:分子为基数词,分母为序数词。若分子大于1,分母用复数。只有选项B符合分数表达规则,意为“三分之二”。故选B。
4.—Have you seen the CCTV news on TV
—Yes, ________ children had a good festival on the ________ Children’s Day.
A.millions of; sixty B.ten millions; sixtieth C.millions of; sixtieth D.ten millions; sixty
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——你看中央电视台的新闻了吗?——是的,数百万的孩子在第60个儿童节那天度过了一个美好的节日。
考查数词。millions of+名词复数表示“数百万的……”;基数词+million+名词复数表示“几百万……”,是确切的数,由此可排除B、D两项;再根据第二个空,此处表达为第60个儿童节,应用序数词,排除A项。故选C。
5.The teacher was very angry because the boy made ________ mistakes in his homework.
A.one B.fifth C.five
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:老师很生气,因为男孩在作业中犯了五个错误。
考查数词。mistakes是复数形式,可排除A;且基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序,可排除B项;表示“五个错误”要用five mistakes。故选C。
6.My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday.
A.fourty; fourtieth B.forty; fortieth C.fourteen; fortieth D.forty; the fortieth
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:我妈妈下星期就四十岁了。我打算为她四十岁生日买件礼物。
考查数词。forty四十;fourteen十四;fortieth第四十。第一空是年龄的表达,用基数词,A选项拼写错误,故排除A;第二空表示“第……岁生日”,用序数词,空前有物主代词her,此处不加the,排除D;C选项第一空年龄与第二空不一致,排除C。故选B。
7.Mobile phones are more and more popular with middle school students, and about ________ of the students in our school have mobile phones. But they never use them in class.
A.60 percents B.60 percent C.60 of percents
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:手机在中学生中越来越受欢迎,我们学校大约60%的学生都有手机。但是他们从来没有在课堂上使用它们。
考查百分数表达。表示百分比用“基数词+percent of”结构,60 percent of ... 60%的……。故选B。
8.________ of the students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A.Two fifths, are B.Two fifth, are C.Two fifths, is
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:我们班五分之二的学生下周要去北京参加夏令营。
考查分数表达以及主谓一致。五分之二的表达是:two fifths,分数修饰主语,be动词要与of后的名词单复数保持一致,“students”是复数形式,故be动词用are,故选A。
9.The population in China has reached over 1.4 billion and ________ of them _____ farmers.
A.three fifths; be B.three fifths; are C.three fifths; is
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:中国人口已超过14亿,其中五分之三是农民。
考查分数表达和主谓一致。three fifths五分之三,分数修饰的中心词是复数them,be动词用are。故选B。
10.It’s my _________ time to come to the bookstore this month because most of the books in it are my favorite.
A.third B.three C.the third
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:这是我这个月第三次来这家书店了,因为里面的大多数书都是我最喜欢的。
考查数词的用法。third第三,序数词;three三,基数词。根据“It’s my … time to come to the bookstore this month”可知,此处用序数词表顺序,且空格前有形容词性物主代词my,不用加the,故选A。