专题08 写作方法梳理及专练
充实文章的内容三要素（Enriching the content）
Before we start
中考英语作文对于内容（content）的要求是做到切题充实，清楚完整。因此，对于考生来说，在考场中快速审题，选择合适的素材，并且能够围绕相关话题写出一篇内容充实的好文章是制胜法宝。真实又丰富的写作内容可以让你的文章更具表现力，从而更有效地和读者交流。
Read and think
让我们先看一篇作文的题目要求吧。
Write at least 60 words on the topic “I want to invent ”（以“我想要发明 ” ）为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
The following is for reference only．（以下表达仅供参考）
It can be used to...
It will be exciting/necessary/helpful to...
该作文题目具有强烈的未来感，需要大家发挥想象力，建议用夹叙夹议的方式描述自己想要发明的对象，并且合理阐述它的用途或优点。针对此作文题目，大家可以从 What do you want to invent Why do you want to invent it How can it benefit human beings How can it change people’s life 或 What do I need to do to create the invention 等几方面思考，确定文章的内容。
同学们想发明的物品五花八门，比如 a time machine，a pair of flying shoes，a housework robot，a pair of healing glasses，甚至还有a piece of invisible clothing等等。大家的想象力如天马行空，但是当我们确定了自己的写作目标之后，该如何描述我们的发明物呢？
我们先来看两个谜语，大家能猜到它们是什么吗？
谜语一：I am round and hard to touch. Along the outer edge, I can have ridges. I have a number and you would like to have a lot of me！
谜语二： I am often square and sometimes people cut me in half. I often have delicious stuff on me like cheese, ham and tomato. I can be brown or white.
第一个谜语的答案是 A coin，第二个迷语的答案是 A piece of bread，大家猜到了吗？
通过这两个谜语，我们不难发现描述一个物体可以从以下几个方面着手：
在描述物品的过程中，建议大家针对该物品最主要的特征进行描述，这可以帮助读者在脑海中产生直观印象。
下面我们再来看一个简单的例子吧！
A magic sleeping pillow：it feels fluffy（蓬松的） and it smells minty（薄荷味的）. It is a special sleeping pillow made from high-tech material, so it can change its shape and size flexibly（灵活地）.
大家描述完自己的发明物后，该如何将它的功能和用途向读者阐述清楚呢？它将会给我们的生活带来哪些便捷呢？我们如何去实现自己的小小发明家的梦想呢？本篇就让我们来学习几个简单的写作技巧，帮助大家充实自己的写作内容。
Writing tip
用举例子、作对照、展示效果等方法充实文章内容（Enriching the content by giving an example, contrasting or showing the effect）
在审题阶段考越并确定写作的主题之后，我们可以用以下方法来充实文章内容，使之在表述上更具说服力，内容上更饱满、更有层次。
giving examples（举例子）
making a contrast（作对照）
showing the effect（展示效果）
我们来读读以下三个介绍发明物的段落，看看它们用了哪些方法？
Match the method（s） in the box with the right paragraph. （配对。）
A. giving examples B. making a contrast C. shewing the effect
1. Paragraph 1 Method(s): A
I want to invent a smart pen to help students solve difficult problem, for example, students can use the pen to translate a long and complex sentence. By using the pen, there will be a better way for students to understand the sentence clearly.
2. Paragraph 2 Method(s): C
First of all, I think it's necessary to invent a pair of smart shoes because people can save time and money when they wear their shoes instead of driving a car to go to their destinations. Moreover, with the help of the shoes, people can keep fit and monitor their health by taking a walk in them.
3. Paragraph 3 Method(s): B
With the invention of the robots, people won't need to work for extra hours or perform some dangerous tasks in their Jobs. Nowadays, people have to work long hours and do not have enough time to develop their hobbies. Thanks to the robots, people will have more time to relax and enjoy their life.
接下来让我们动笔修改以下语句，看看是否学会了用以上这些方法来充实文章的内容。
例1: I want to invent a time machine. It can take people to the future or the past.
我们可以这样修改：I want to invent a time machine, which can take people either to the future or the past. It will assist people with their jobs. For instance, it can be useful to help the police return to the crime scene. What's more, it can take scientists to the future so that it will be convenient for them to conduct some scientific research.
我们可以尝试使用举例子的方式将时光机的功能展示出来，使文章更加直观明了，生动有趣。
例2: I’d like to invent a pair of special glasses. They can be used to protect our eyes.
我们可以这样修改：I’d like to invent a pair of special glasses. With these glasses, we will get into the habit of protecting our eyes. For example, if we read books for a long time, they will tell us to rest for a few minutes. And when we are about to do something harmful to our eyes, they will warn us immediately.
我们可以用展现效果和举例子的方法介绍这副神奇眼镜的功能。
以上两个例子只是修改建议。大家可以展开想象，选用本篇 Writing tip的方法介绍自已头脑中的时光机和神奇眼镜！
Time to write
现在，就让我们动笔写一写。在正式写文章之前，我们先思考一下如何构思整篇文章。
1. The description of the invention （size, shape, color, taste, smell, etc.）
2. The function(s) of the invention （Why do you want to invent it How can people benefit from it How can it change people's life )
3. How to achieve my goal
Treasure box
参考句型：
... enable(s) people to ... With the help of ..., we can ... ... provide(s) people with ... It's necessary/important/convenient/essential/... (for people) to do ... For example/instance, ... Without it，people can’t ... I believe this invention will bring ... to people’s life. People's life will greatly improve because ... We don't need to ... any longer because ... ... be widely used ... ... will have a big effect on ... ...
Remember to revise
写好后，可以带着以下问题修改：
Yes No
1. Is the content of my artide dosely related to the topic 文章的内容是否体现了主题？
Yes No
2. Does the content have enough details( giving an example, contrasting or showing the effect, etc.) 我使用举例子、作对照、展示效果等方法充实文章内容了吗？
在修改前，我们不妨来看看其他同学是如何修改自己的作文的。
Draft（初稿）
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes
①I want to invent a pair of magic shoes. ②They can help people fly. ③Why do I have the idea to invent such a pair of special shoes？④Because the traffic in our city is a big problem. ⑤There are a lot of cars in the street during the rush hour. ⑥More and more people own two or three cars. ⑦So the traffic is always heavy. ⑧If we have such shoes, we can fly to any place we want to go. ⑨People can enjoy more freedom in their life. ⑩Therefore, I want to invent a pair of magic shoes which can help people fly.
Jason Liu
点评：
如果能将文章分为三段，则脉络会显得更为清晰。句①—句②为第一段，句③—句⑦为第二段，句⑧—句⑩为第三段。
另外，是否可以指绘一下这双神奇的鞋子，以便读者展开想象？
小作者展示了发明这双神奇鞋子的原因和效果，但原因部分比重大大。建议删减原因部分，增加效果部分，来突出这项发明的功能。
Revised（修改稿）
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes. The shoes will have colorful wings powered by solar or wind energy. They can help people fly.
How did I get the idea to invent such a pair of special shoes Because the traffic in our city is a big problem. There are a lot of cars in the street during the rush hour.
If we have magic shoes, they can make a difference in our life. We won't complain about the traffic problems any longer because we will be able to fly to any place we want to go in a flash. What's more, we can enjoy more freedom in our life and the air will be much fresher than before.
I would like to learn Physics better so that I can invent a pair of magic shoes to benefit everybody on the Earth.
Jason Liu
点评：
文章在开头增加了对发明物的描写，神奇的鞋子有着靠太阳能或风能推动的彩色翅膀，是否很可爱？主体部分增加了对这项发明效果的介绍，突出展现了神奇的鞋子会带来的社会变化。
修改后的文章是否结构更清晰，内容更丰富有趣？
现在，就让我们动笔修改自己的作文吧。
Let’s share
A
I want to invent a language machine
Learning a new language takes lots of time and energy, so I want to invent a language machine to help us learn languages.
My language machine looks like a wrist watch. It contains thousands of digital dictionaries and Bluetooth. When we wear it in another country, it can translate the native language and then send it directly to our brain.
With this machine, we won’t be afraid of causing misunderstanding anymore, especially when we are abroad. Using
different languages to communicate with foreigners will be a piece of cake.
I am looking forward to the day when I can be capable enough to invent my language machine.
Danny Lin
点评：
全文展现了小作者丰富的想象力。在他的笔下，他的语言机器轻巧如手表，但功能强大到可以储存成千上万的数字词典，也可以厉害到通过蓝牙直接将翻译好的内容传送到我们的大脑。
小作者通过使用对照和展示效果的方法，呈现了拥有此项发明的美好前景。
B
I want to invent a time machine
As a student who is experiencing modern life nowadays, I would rather learn about our history from a real experience rather than from a textbook. That’s why inventing a time machine will be my first choice if I can work as a great inventor.
My time machine will look like an ordinary helicopter, but it will be more powerful than any other time machine described in novels.
The most important use of my time machine will be visiting the best schools in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasry was famous for its education. Therefore, when I visit those ancient schools, I can not only try different ways of studying but communicate with famous people as well. Using a time machine is the most vivid way to learn history.
I’m determined to absorb（吸收） more knowledge and cultivate（培养） my talent. In this way, I can make my time machine a reality.
Anne Wang
点评：
小作者将自己对历史的爱好融入他的习作，非常有趣且有思想。
小作者先交代了发明时光机的原因，然后简要描绘了他的发明。介绍功能时，小作者用了举例法和展示效果法，让读者身临其境，产生遐想。结束语点出自己的决心，筒洁有力。
写作专练（共11套）
一、目前，大量的生活垃圾已成为我国建设美丽中国、绿色中国的一大制约，实行垃圾分类、减少垃圾污染刻不容缓。为此，你校英语俱乐部将开展以“垃圾分类，从我做起”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写篇演讲稿参加比赛。
内容包括：
1、垃圾分类的重要性：减少环境污染，减少花费，节约能源等。
2、作为中学生，你的做法……1）学会垃圾分类。2）在扔垃圾之前先分类。3）提出自己的看法，至少1至2条。
提示词：waste sorting垃圾分类；cut down 减少； cost； recycle；energy；volunteer
注意：
1. 词数80左右（演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数）
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分
Good morning, everyone! As we know, people are producing waste every day. Some waste is recyclable, while some is unrecyclable. So it’s necessary to sort waste.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for listening!
二、看图作文
假设现在是新冠疫情(COVID-19)期间，政府(government)要求所有人只能待在家中。请根据下图写一篇英语短文介绍Dale一家人正在做的事情。
Dale his father his mother his sister grandparents
要求：
1. 语句通顺，条理清楚，可适当发挥；
2. 不少于60个词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
During the time of COVID-19, our government asks all people to stay at home. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、材料作文
（2021·上海市进才中学北校七年级）Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic of “Animals and us ”(“动物和我们”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文。)
以下问题供参考：
1.How should we treat(对待) animals
2. Why should we treat them like that
3. What do you usually do for animals (At least two things)
Animals and us
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四、（2020·上海市川沙中学南校七年级期末） Write at least 60 words about the topic "___________bring（s）me a lot of fun". （以"_______给我很多乐趣"为题, 写一篇不少于60个词的短文, 标点符号不占格。）
The following questions are for reference only. （以下问题仅供参考）
1. What brings you a lot of fun
2. Why do you think so
3. How do you feel when you do this thing
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、（2020·上海浦东新·七年级期末）Writing.
Write a passage of at least 50 words on the topic“How to be a healthy kid”.（以“怎样成为身体健康的孩子”为题写一篇不少于50字的短文，标点符号不占格）：
（注意：文中不得出现具体人名、校名等个人信息,，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a reference. （以下提示仅供参考）
* Is it important to be healthy Why
* What exercise do you do to keep yourself healthy
* What do you eat to keep yourself healthy
六、（2020·上海市川沙中学南校七年级期末）Writing.（作文）
Please write at least 60 words on the topic “A wonderful New Year’s Day”.我们迎来了新的一年2020年。你和你的同学们或者你的家人有没有一起庆祝新年的到来？在元且那天你们组织了哪些有趣的活动？你们品尝了哪些美味的食物？你们过得开心吗？请以“精彩的元旦”为主题，写一篇至少60个单词的短文，要求内容连贯，语句通顺，标点符号不占格。
Phrases for reference (以下短语仅供参考):
play games watch cartoons take photos
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、书信作文
假如你是Mary，你的笔友Tony很想了民族英雄(national hero) 钟南山的事情。请根据表格提供的内容，给Tony写一篇80字左右的回信来介绍一下钟南山并表达你对他的看法。
介绍v. introduce, 妻子n. wife
注意：文章包含以上要点，行文流畅，可适当发挥。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
八、话题作文
（2021·上海松江·七年级期中） Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic “My dream job”（以“我理想的工作” 为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文, 标点符号不占格）
The following questions are for reference:
1. What job would you like to do in the future
2. Why would you like to do this job
3. To realize your dream, what will you do
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现真实姓名和校名及其它相关信息, 否则不予评分；2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
九、（2020·上海浦东新·七年级期末）Write at least 50 words on the topic of “A more enjoyable school life” . (以“一个更好的校园生活”为题，写一段不少于50个单词的短文，标点符号不占格)
1. Do you like your school life now Why or why not
2. What changes would you like to see in your school
十、（2020·上海市进才中学北校七年级） Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “A Change about My bad Habits”.（请以“改变我的坏习惯”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
Suggest questions:
1. What bad habits did you have
2. Why were they bad (Give at least two reasons)
3. How are your habits now
A Change about My bad Habits
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十一、（2020·上海市卢湾中学七年级期末）Write a passage of at least 50 words about the topic “How I keep healthy”. (我对健康怎么看？我是如何保持健康的呢？我是否曾经改变过不健康的习惯？请以“我是这样保持健康的”为题，写一篇不少于50词的短文)专题08 写作方法梳理及专练
充实文章的内容三要素（Enriching the content）
Before we start
中考英语作文对于内容（content）的要求是做到切题充实，清楚完整。因此，对于考生来说，在考场中快速审题，选择合适的素材，并且能够围绕相关话题写出一篇内容充实的好文章是制胜法宝。真实又丰富的写作内容可以让你的文章更具表现力，从而更有效地和读者交流。
Read and think
让我们先看一篇作文的题目要求吧。
Write at least 60 words on the topic “I want to invent ”（以“我想要发明 ” ）为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
The following is for reference only．（以下表达仅供参考）
It can be used to...
It will be exciting/necessary/helpful to...
该作文题目具有强烈的未来感，需要大家发挥想象力，建议用夹叙夹议的方式描述自己想要发明的对象，并且合理阐述它的用途或优点。针对此作文题目，大家可以从 What do you want to invent Why do you want to invent it How can it benefit human beings How can it change people’s life 或 What do I need to do to create the invention 等几方面思考，确定文章的内容。
同学们想发明的物品五花八门，比如 a time machine，a pair of flying shoes，a housework robot，a pair of healing glasses，甚至还有a piece of invisible clothing等等。大家的想象力如天马行空，但是当我们确定了自己的写作目标之后，该如何描述我们的发明物呢？
我们先来看两个谜语，大家能猜到它们是什么吗？
谜语一：I am round and hard to touch. Along the outer edge, I can have ridges. I have a number and you would like to have a lot of me！
谜语二： I am often square and sometimes people cut me in half. I often have delicious stuff on me like cheese, ham and tomato. I can be brown or white.
第一个谜语的答案是 A coin，第二个迷语的答案是 A piece of bread，大家猜到了吗？
通过这两个谜语，我们不难发现描述一个物体可以从以下几个方面着手：
在描述物品的过程中，建议大家针对该物品最主要的特征进行描述，这可以帮助读者在脑海中产生直观印象。
下面我们再来看一个简单的例子吧！
A magic sleeping pillow：it feels fluffy（蓬松的） and it smells minty（薄荷味的）. It is a special sleeping pillow made from high-tech material, so it can change its shape and size flexibly（灵活地）.
大家描述完自己的发明物后，该如何将它的功能和用途向读者阐述清楚呢？它将会给我们的生活带来哪些便捷呢？我们如何去实现自己的小小发明家的梦想呢？本篇就让我们来学习几个简单的写作技巧，帮助大家充实自己的写作内容。
Writing tip
用举例子、作对照、展示效果等方法充实文章内容（Enriching the content by giving an example, contrasting or showing the effect）
在审题阶段考越并确定写作的主题之后，我们可以用以下方法来充实文章内容，使之在表述上更具说服力，内容上更饱满、更有层次。
giving examples（举例子）
making a contrast（作对照）
showing the effect（展示效果）
我们来读读以下三个介绍发明物的段落，看看它们用了哪些方法？
Match the method（s） in the box with the right paragraph. （配对。）
A. giving examples B. making a contrast C. shewing the effect
1. Paragraph 1 Method(s): A
I want to invent a smart pen to help students solve difficult problem, for example, students can use the pen to translate a long and complex sentence. By using the pen, there will be a better way for students to understand the sentence clearly.
2. Paragraph 2 Method(s): C
First of all, I think it's necessary to invent a pair of smart shoes because people can save time and money when they wear their shoes instead of driving a car to go to their destinations. Moreover, with the help of the shoes, people can keep fit and monitor their health by taking a walk in them.
3. Paragraph 3 Method(s): B
With the invention of the robots, people won't need to work for extra hours or perform some dangerous tasks in their Jobs. Nowadays, people have to work long hours and do not have enough time to develop their hobbies. Thanks to the robots, people will have more time to relax and enjoy their life.
接下来让我们动笔修改以下语句，看看是否学会了用以上这些方法来充实文章的内容。
例1: I want to invent a time machine. It can take people to the future or the past.
我们可以这样修改：I want to invent a time machine, which can take people either to the future or the past. It will assist people with their jobs. For instance, it can be useful to help the police return to the crime scene. What's more, it can take scientists to the future so that it will be convenient for them to conduct some scientific research.
我们可以尝试使用举例子的方式将时光机的功能展示出来，使文章更加直观明了，生动有趣。
例2: I’d like to invent a pair of special glasses. They can be used to protect our eyes.
我们可以这样修改：I’d like to invent a pair of special glasses. With these glasses, we will get into the habit of protecting our eyes. For example, if we read books for a long time, they will tell us to rest for a few minutes. And when we are about to do something harmful to our eyes, they will warn us immediately.
我们可以用展现效果和举例子的方法介绍这副神奇眼镜的功能。
以上两个例子只是修改建议。大家可以展开想象，选用本篇 Writing tip的方法介绍自已头脑中的时光机和神奇眼镜！
Time to write
现在，就让我们动笔写一写。在正式写文章之前，我们先思考一下如何构思整篇文章。
1. The description of the invention （size, shape, color, taste, smell, etc.）
2. The function(s) of the invention （Why do you want to invent it How can people benefit from it How can it change people's life )
3. How to achieve my goal
Treasure box
参考句型：
... enable(s) people to ... With the help of ..., we can ... ... provide(s) people with ... It's necessary/important/convenient/essential/... (for people) to do ... For example/instance, ... Without it，people can’t ... I believe this invention will bring ... to people’s life. People's life will greatly improve because ... We don't need to ... any longer because ... ... be widely used ... ... will have a big effect on ... ...
Remember to revise
写好后，可以带着以下问题修改：
Yes No
1. Is the content of my artide dosely related to the topic 文章的内容是否体现了主题？
Yes No
2. Does the content have enough details( giving an example, contrasting or showing the effect, etc.) 我使用举例子、作对照、展示效果等方法充实文章内容了吗？
在修改前，我们不妨来看看其他同学是如何修改自己的作文的。
Draft（初稿）
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes
①I want to invent a pair of magic shoes. ②They can help people fly. ③Why do I have the idea to invent such a pair of special shoes？④Because the traffic in our city is a big problem. ⑤There are a lot of cars in the street during the rush hour. ⑥More and more people own two or three cars. ⑦So the traffic is always heavy. ⑧If we have such shoes, we can fly to any place we want to go. ⑨People can enjoy more freedom in their life. ⑩Therefore, I want to invent a pair of magic shoes which can help people fly.
Jason Liu
点评：
如果能将文章分为三段，则脉络会显得更为清晰。句①—句②为第一段，句③—句⑦为第二段，句⑧—句⑩为第三段。
另外，是否可以指绘一下这双神奇的鞋子，以便读者展开想象？
小作者展示了发明这双神奇鞋子的原因和效果，但原因部分比重大大。建议删减原因部分，增加效果部分，来突出这项发明的功能。
Revised（修改稿）
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes
I want to invent a pair of magic shoes. The shoes will have colorful wings powered by solar or wind energy. They can help people fly.
How did I get the idea to invent such a pair of special shoes Because the traffic in our city is a big problem. There are a lot of cars in the street during the rush hour.
If we have magic shoes, they can make a difference in our life. We won't complain about the traffic problems any longer because we will be able to fly to any place we want to go in a flash. What's more, we can enjoy more freedom in our life and the air will be much fresher than before.
I would like to learn Physics better so that I can invent a pair of magic shoes to benefit everybody on the Earth.
Jason Liu
点评：
文章在开头增加了对发明物的描写，神奇的鞋子有着靠太阳能或风能推动的彩色翅膀，是否很可爱？主体部分增加了对这项发明效果的介绍，突出展现了神奇的鞋子会带来的社会变化。
修改后的文章是否结构更清晰，内容更丰富有趣？
现在，就让我们动笔修改自己的作文吧。
Let’s share
A
I want to invent a language machine
Learning a new language takes lots of time and energy, so I want to invent a language machine to help us learn languages.
My language machine looks like a wrist watch. It contains thousands of digital dictionaries and Bluetooth. When we wear it in another country, it can translate the native language and then send it directly to our brain.
With this machine, we won’t be afraid of causing misunderstanding anymore, especially when we are abroad. Using
different languages to communicate with foreigners will be a piece of cake.
I am looking forward to the day when I can be capable enough to invent my language machine.
Danny Lin
点评：
全文展现了小作者丰富的想象力。在他的笔下，他的语言机器轻巧如手表，但功能强大到可以储存成千上万的数字词典，也可以厉害到通过蓝牙直接将翻译好的内容传送到我们的大脑。
小作者通过使用对照和展示效果的方法，呈现了拥有此项发明的美好前景。
B
I want to invent a time machine
As a student who is experiencing modern life nowadays, I would rather learn about our history from a real experience rather than from a textbook. That’s why inventing a time machine will be my first choice if I can work as a great inventor.
My time machine will look like an ordinary helicopter, but it will be more powerful than any other time machine described in novels.
The most important use of my time machine will be visiting the best schools in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasry was famous for its education. Therefore, when I visit those ancient schools, I can not only try different ways of studying but communicate with famous people as well. Using a time machine is the most vivid way to learn history.
I’m determined to absorb（吸收） more knowledge and cultivate（培养） my talent. In this way, I can make my time machine a reality.
Anne Wang
点评：
小作者将自己对历史的爱好融入他的习作，非常有趣且有思想。
小作者先交代了发明时光机的原因，然后简要描绘了他的发明。介绍功能时，小作者用了举例法和展示效果法，让读者身临其境，产生遐想。结束语点出自己的决心，筒洁有力。
写作专练（共11套）
一、目前，大量的生活垃圾已成为我国建设美丽中国、绿色中国的一大制约，实行垃圾分类、减少垃圾污染刻不容缓。为此，你校英语俱乐部将开展以“垃圾分类，从我做起”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写篇演讲稿参加比赛。
内容包括：
1、垃圾分类的重要性：减少环境污染，减少花费，节约能源等。
2、作为中学生，你的做法……1）学会垃圾分类。2）在扔垃圾之前先分类。3）提出自己的看法，至少1至2条。
提示词：waste sorting垃圾分类；cut down 减少； cost； recycle；energy；volunteer
注意：
1. 词数80左右（演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数）
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分
Good morning, everyone! As we know, people are producing waste every day. Some waste is recyclable, while some is unrecyclable. So it’s necessary to sort waste.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for listening!
【答案】例文：
Good morning, everyone! As we know, people are producing waste every day. Some waste is recyclable, while some is unrecyclable. So it’s necessary to sort waste.
There are many advantages of waste sorting. It helps cut down on pollution the environment and increase the recycling of waste. It helps save energy. What’s more, it helps cut down the cost of dealing with the waste.
As middle school students, we’re supposed to play a part in waste sorting. First, we should learn how to sort waste. Then we should sort the waste before throwing it away. And at weekends we can work as volunteers to help people around our neighborhoods learn how to sort waste properly.
Sorting waste is meaningful. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better environment.
Thanks for listening!
【详解】
1、题干解读：题目要求以“垃圾分类，从我做起”为主题写篇演讲稿参加学校英语俱乐部的演讲比赛，内容包括垃圾分类的重要性以及作为中学生，应该怎么做，可适当发挥。
2、写作指导：本文应该以第一人称来叙述垃圾分类的重要性；时态采用一般现在时为主；叙述垃圾分类的重要性以及作为中学生，应该怎么做时，应详细具体，保证条理清晰。
二、看图作文
假设现在是新冠疫情(COVID-19)期间，政府(government)要求所有人只能待在家中。请根据下图写一篇英语短文介绍Dale一家人正在做的事情。
Dale his father his mother his sister grandparents
要求：
1. 语句通顺，条理清楚，可适当发挥；
2. 不少于60个词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
During the time of COVID-19, our government asks all people to stay at home. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
During the time of COVID-19, our government asks all people to stay at home. Dale’s family are all at home. Dale is reading in the study. His father is calling his friend on the phone. His mother is cooking dinner for them. His sister is singing in the bedroom. His grandparents and his little brother are watching TV in the living room.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇看图作文。要求根据图片内容介绍Dale一家都在做什么。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第三人称来介绍，时态用现在进行时。要紧扣图片内容，分别介绍每位家庭成员正在做的事情，要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
三、材料作文
（2021·上海市进才中学北校七年级）Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic of “Animals and us ”(“动物和我们”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文。)
以下问题供参考：
1.How should we treat(对待) animals
2. Why should we treat them like that
3. What do you usually do for animals (At least two things)
Animals and us
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【答案】例文
Animals and us
Animals are priceless treasure for human nature, it is our human friends. Their die out is closely related to human life. But there are a lot of problems that they are confronting today.
For example, nowadays some birds have already lost their habitats, which means they have no places to live in and no food to eat. Massive destruction of animals will have serious adverse consequences in humans, causing serious ecological imbalance, so that the human living environment is destroyed.
Personally, I think there are many solutions to this problem. I think we should care for animals. I have time to publicize the activities of caring for small animals. At school, I can encourage people to love small animals in the form of blackboard newspaper or hand copy newspaper.
Let us start from now!
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。围绕“动物和我们”来写一篇短文。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用一般现在时。分为四段式：第一段和第二段阐述动物现在所面临的问题；第三段阐述解决这些问题的方法；最后一段呼吁人们从现在做起。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
四、（2020·上海市川沙中学南校七年级期末） Write at least 60 words about the topic "___________bring（s）me a lot of fun". （以"_______给我很多乐趣"为题, 写一篇不少于60个词的短文, 标点符号不占格。）
The following questions are for reference only. （以下问题仅供参考）
1. What brings you a lot of fun
2. Why do you think so
3. How do you feel when you do this thing
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【答案】例文：
Reading brings me a lot of fun
I like reading books because it brings me a lot of fun. I can learn about interesting stories by reading. And reading can teach me how to communicate with others. Besides, reading can lead me to a new world. When I am lonely, I read books. They are my good friends and stay with me. Every time I begin to read, I feel like going on a wonderful trip.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于说明文写作，但写作要按说明文格式写。在写作时开头介绍读书给我带来乐趣；接下来介绍为什么认为读书带来乐趣；最后表达读书时的感受。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第三人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时为主，在介绍读书的乐趣时，原因应描写细致；并且读书带来的好处以及读书时的感受需要叙述完整，保证条理清晰。
【点睛】
五、（2020·上海浦东新·七年级期末）Writing.
Write a passage of at least 50 words on the topic“How to be a healthy kid”.（以“怎样成为身体健康的孩子”为题写一篇不少于50字的短文，标点符号不占格）：
（注意：文中不得出现具体人名、校名等个人信息,，否则不予评分。）
Use the following points as a reference. （以下提示仅供参考）
* Is it important to be healthy Why
* What exercise do you do to keep yourself healthy
* What do you eat to keep yourself healthy
【答案】例文
How to be a healthy kid
Health is very important to us. Everyone wants to keep healthy.We should have good eating habits to keep healthy. A saying goes that an apple a day makes a doctor away. Eating more fruit is good for us.
Of course, exercise is also important in our life. I often take a walk after dinner. What’s more, to keep fit, I eat more vegetables, less fat and sugar. Besides, drinking more water is very good for us.
All in all, having a healthy diet is really important for us.
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文要求以“How to be a healthy kid”为题，根据提示内容写一篇短文。首先要认真审题，根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。
2.例文点评：本文时态为一般现在时，人称主要为第一、三人称。文章紧扣题目要点，内容完整，表述准确，语言的表述符合语法的结构，造句符合英语的表达习惯。
3.高分亮点：
短语： be good for，take a walk ，what’s more，all in all。
句型：We shoud have good eating habits to keep healthy.为了保持健康，们应该有良好的饮食习惯。情态动词should后接动词原形， eating habits “饮食习惯”，to keep healthy，表目的。
A saying goes that an apple a day makes a doctor away.谚语说“一天一苹果，医生远离我。”宾语从句含有谚语。
六、（2020·上海市川沙中学南校七年级期末）Writing.（作文）
Please write at least 60 words on the topic “A wonderful New Year’s Day”.我们迎来了新的一年2020年。你和你的同学们或者你的家人有没有一起庆祝新年的到来？在元且那天你们组织了哪些有趣的活动？你们品尝了哪些美味的食物？你们过得开心吗？请以“精彩的元旦”为主题，写一篇至少60个单词的短文，要求内容连贯，语句通顺，标点符号不占格。
Phrases for reference (以下短语仅供参考):
play games watch cartoons take photos
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【答案】A wonderful New Year’s Day
January 1st is New Year’s Day. It is a great day for all the people. So my classmates and I celebrated the important day at my home. We sang some songs, danced and played games. My parents prepared all kinds of food for us, such as fried chicken, hamburgers, apples and so on .We watched cartoons and enjoyed the food. We took many photos. All my classmates had a good time.
【分析】
本篇为材料作文，要求按照提示完成一篇你如何和同学或家人庆祝元旦的短文，讲述那天你们组织什么活动、品尝了哪些美味的食物、你们过得开心吗。要求短文要包含所有提示信息，适当发挥，语言连贯，逻辑清晰。
【详解】
1.题干解读：本篇材料作文要用第一人称的方式讲述如何与同学庆祝元旦，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时；书写时要注意用全所给材料，文句通顺，内容完整。
2.例文点评：本例文结构严谨，层次分明。开篇紧扣主题，介绍在元旦日和同学的聚会以庆祝这个重要的日子，接下来介绍聚会的活动，品尝的食物，最后以“同学都过得很开心”总结全文。文章布局合理，内容完整连贯。
3.高分亮点：本篇例文短语丰富，文句简短。用短语sing some songs, dance and play games；watch cartoons and enjoy the food.；take many photos等描述聚会的活动；用have a good time总结全文，行文通畅，内容完整。
【点睛】
本篇材料作文书写前要认真审题，确定用第一人称、一般过去时；书写时要紧扣题干提示的问题“组织什么活动、品尝了哪些美味的食物、你们过得开心吗”展开。
七、书信作文
假如你是Mary，你的笔友Tony很想了民族英雄(national hero) 钟南山的事情。请根据表格提供的内容，给Tony写一篇80字左右的回信来介绍一下钟南山并表达你对他的看法。
介绍v. introduce, 妻子n. wife
注意：文章包含以上要点，行文流畅，可适当发挥。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Dear Tony,
I am very glad to know that you are interested in our national hero Zhong Nanshan. Now I’d like to introduce him to you.
He is 84 years old. His birthday is on October 20th. There are four people in his family. They are his wife, his son, his daughter and him. He has many hobbies, like doing sports and reading. Doing sports makes him have a strong body and be in good health. Reading makes him relaxed and knowledgeable. He has a healthy diet. He always eats a lot of fruit and vegetables. He never eats junk food.
He is our national hero!
Yours,
Mary
【详解】
1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。要求根据提示内容介绍钟南山，注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第三人称来介绍，时态用一般现在时。作文可分为三段，第一段引出话题；第二段从年龄，生日，家庭，爱好和健康饮食等方面进行介绍；第三段收尾。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
八、话题作文
（2021·上海松江·七年级期中） Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic “My dream job”（以“我理想的工作” 为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文, 标点符号不占格）
The following questions are for reference:
1. What job would you like to do in the future
2. Why would you like to do this job
3. To realize your dream, what will you do
（注意：1. 短文中不得出现真实姓名和校名及其它相关信息, 否则不予评分；2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
My dream job is to be an English teacher.
English is my favorite subject. And I know English is spoken widely in the world. It is a very useful language. So when I grow up, I want to be an English teacher.
It is not an easy thing for me to be a good English teacher. I must study English hard from now on. I will listen to English every morning, and keep diaries in English. After finishing high school, I am going to learn how to teach children in a university. I believe I can make it.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于话题作文写作。围绕着“My dream job”这一话题从三个方面展开叙述。首先介绍自己的理想工作是什么，然后介绍为什么喜欢这份工作，最后介绍你打算怎么做以实现梦想。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时和一般将来时。介绍自己的理想工作及原因时采用一般现在时，介绍自己打算怎么做来实现梦想时用一般将来时。写作时语言要通顺，准确，内容要条理清晰。
九、（2020·上海浦东新·七年级期末）Write at least 50 words on the topic of “A more enjoyable school life” . (以“一个更好的校园生活”为题，写一段不少于50个单词的短文，标点符号不占格)
1. Do you like your school life now Why or why not
2. What changes would you like to see in your school
【答案】例文
A more enjoyable school life
I don’t like my school life now. Because I have a lot of homework to do every day. I hope it will be different in the future. Teachers will have lessons on the computer in their offices. Students won’t do any homework. They will spend more time doing their favorite sports. They can join many kinds of clubs on weekends. How wonderful the life will be!
【详解】
1.题干解读：这是一篇材料作文，以“一个更好的校园生活”为题，描写将来理想的学校生活与现在的变化。
2.例文点评：例文用第一人称和第三人称进行叙述，时态采用一般将来时为主。在叙述时，避免汉语式英语，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，句意叙述完整且条理清晰，语句通顺，语义连贯。
3.高分亮点：
短语：a lot of；in the future；on the computer；do homework；many kinds of；on weekends。
句型：①I hope it will be different in the future.
②They will spend more time doing their favorite sports.
③How wonderful the life will be!
【点睛】
1.审题：文体，时态，人称。2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。4.连句成文，合理使用连词。5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。
十、（2020·上海市进才中学北校七年级） Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “A Change about My bad Habits”.（请以“改变我的坏习惯”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
Suggest questions:
1. What bad habits did you have
2. Why were they bad (Give at least two reasons)
3. How are your habits now
A Change about My bad Habits
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【答案】范文：
A Change about My bad Habits
In the past, I have two bad habits. One is to play too many computer games. The other is to eat unhealthily.
When I played too many computer games, I always forgot to finish my homework which led to my bad marks in the school. My parents were worried about me. And sometimes I stayed out to play computer games which caused me to feel sleepy in class. Therefore, I didn’t do well in the subjects. As for the other bad habit, I used to eat fast food which made me fat. And I didn’t like eating vegetables and fruits. That couldn’t help me digest.
But now, I don’t play computer games any more. I spend my time on study. And I also eat healthily and do more exercise. I often eat green vegetables and many fruits. I think I will keep away from the two bad habits forever.
【详解】
题干解读：题目要求以“改变我的坏习惯”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文；要求根据包含所有提示。
写作指导：此作文时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主，采用第一人称口吻。此作文可采用3段落格式，第一段：阐述自己的坏习惯有哪些；第二段：阐述为什么这些习惯是不好的；第三段：阐述现在这些习惯如何了。
十一、（2020·上海市卢湾中学七年级期末）Write a passage of at least 50 words about the topic “How I keep healthy”. (我对健康怎么看？我是如何保持健康的呢？我是否曾经改变过不健康的习惯？请以“我是这样保持健康的”为题，写一篇不少于50词的短文)
【答案】范文I think everyone needs to keep healthy. I have bread , milk and eggs every morning. I usually have rice, beef and vegetables for lunch. In the evening, I often have noodles .I play badminton with my friends three times a week for half an hour.
I changed my eating habit about three yeas ago .I didn't like to eat breakfast , but now I insist on eating breakfast every day. I hope everyone can have a healthy diet, too.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目要求包含对健康怎么看？如何保持健康的呢？是否曾经改变过不健康的习惯等。注意在写之前不健康的习惯时，需要注意一般过去时。
2.例文点评：例文通过对健康怎么看？如何保持健康的呢？是否曾经改变过不健康的习惯等一一讲述。语句通顺，条理清晰，词组，短语，句型等运用灵活。
3.高分亮点：词组：keep healthy；every morning；three times a week；half an hour；eating habit；three yeas ago；have a healthy diet等；
句型：I think everyone needs to keep healthy./I play badminton with my friends three times a week for half an hour./I hope everyone can have a healthy diet, too.
【点睛】
书面表达：
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达，例如keep healthy；every morning；three times a week；half an hour；eating habit；have a healthy diet等；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅，如however；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
