专题03 重点语法知识梳理一(学生版+教师版)-2021-2022学年七年级英语上学期期末知识总复习(牛津上海版)

文档属性

名称 专题03 重点语法知识梳理一(学生版+教师版)-2021-2022学年七年级英语上学期期末知识总复习(牛津上海版)
格式 zip
文件大小 139.5KB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 牛津上海版(试用本)
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-12-14 21:57:45

文档简介

专题03 重点语法知识梳理一
目录
Grammar 1:形容词与副词的比较级及最高级 1
【活学活用1】 4
Grammar 2:一般过去时 7
【活学活用2】 8
Grammar 3:反身代词的用法 11
【活学活用3】 13
Grammar4:一般现在时&一般疑问句 17
【活学活用4】 18
Grammar5:表示方位的介词和介词词组 23
【活学活用5】 24
Grammar 1:形容词与副词的比较级及最高级
1. 形容词与副词的比较级以及最高级:
规则变化
(1)一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er , 最高级+est
clever-cleverer-cleverest , few-fewer-fewest , small-smaller-smallest等
(2)以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可
nice-nicer-nicest, cute-cuter-cutest, large-larger-largest
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est
easy-easier-easiest, happy-happier-happiest, 再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此
(4)重读闭音节的词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。
fat-fatter-fattest, thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, red-redder-reddest
wet-wetter-wettest, big-bigger-biggest
(5)以ful 结尾的形容词,在原级前加上more或most 构成比较级或最高级。
helpful--more helpful—most helpful useful—more useful—most useful
careful-more careful -the most careful
(6) 多音节的形容词和副词,在原级前加上more 或most 构成比较级和最高级。
beautiful -more beautiful - the most beautiful , delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive 等.
少数单音节词也是这样, 如:
pleased-more pleased -the most pleased ; tired-more tried -the most tired
不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
many/ much more most
good/ well better best
bad/ ill/ badly worse worst
little less least
far farther/ further farthest/ furthest
old older/ elder oldest/ eldest
注意:1)farther, further 都可以表示距离,时间上的“更远”,但是表示“更进一步”时只能用further.
We’d better get further information. 我们最好能得到更进一步的信息。
2) older, oldest 用于比较年龄的大小。older ,eldest 用于表示家庭成员间的长幼关系。
He’s older than I .他比我年龄大。
Li Qiang is my elder brother. 李强是我的哥哥。
2.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法:
1)同级比较:as+形容词或副词原级+as A 与B 一样
He speaks English as well as an American. 他英语说得和美国人一样好。
2)not as / so + 形容词或副词原级 + as A 不及 B …
There is not as / so much snow here as in Tianjing. 这儿下雪不如天津多。
3)形容词或副词比较级 + than A 比 B …
This dress is more expensive than that one. 这条裙子比那条贵。
4)比较级 + and +比较级 越来越。。。
Winter is coming. It’s getting colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
Our city will become more and more beautiful. 我们的城市将变得越来越美丽。
5)the +形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围(三者或三者以上)最。。。
His horse runs (the) most slowly of the three horses. 这三匹马中他的马跑得最慢。
6)one of + the +形容词最高级+ 名词复数+ 比较范围 最。。。之一
The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河之一。
7) the + adj. / adv (比较级)+ of +n. 表示“两者中较。。。的”
She is the prettier of the two sisters. 她是两姐妹中较漂亮的一个。
This rope is the longer of the two. 这条绳子是这两条中较长的一条。
3.比较程度的表示:
1)某些副词和短语常用在形容词或副词比较级前表示比较的程度,如:much,even,still,far, a littile,a lot,a bit等。
She felt ill yesterday. And she got even worse today. 她昨天病了,今天情况更差。
2)表示度量的词组也可以用来表示比较程度。
He is only a year older than I.他只比我大一岁。
3)序数词常用在形容词最高级前表示程度。
China is the third largest country in the world. 中国是世界上第三大的国家。
4.比较级中应该注意的问题:
1)只有同类事物才能进行比较。
His car is better than mine. 他的车比我的好。
The books in our library are more than those in yours. 我们图书馆里的书比你们的多。(比你们学校图书馆里的书多)
2)被比较的事物中不能包括本身。
Dick rans faster than any other student in his class.迪克跑得比班上任何一个学生快。(迪克是班上学生之一)
还可以说:Dick runs faster than any of the other students in his class.
(中国在欧洲之外)
Linda plays basketball better than any boy in her class. 琳达篮球打得比班上任何一个男孩好。(琳达是女孩)
【活学活用1】
1) 选出正确的答案
1. This pencil is ___________ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
2. I think science is ____________ than language. What do you think
A. important B. more important C. much important D. most important
3. Who jumped _________ of the two boys
A. higher B. high C. more high D. highest
【Keys】 1. C 2. B 3. A
2) 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Simon is ________(good) at English than Amy.
2. The blue car is _____________________(expensive) of all.
3. She is ___________(busy) in my family.
4. I think hiking is _____________(interesting) than diving.
5. He works _________(hard) than I do.
【Keys】1. better 2. the most expensive 3. the busiest 4. more interesting 5. harder
3) 完成句子
1.我比他高。 I am __________ ____________ he.
2.这朵花比那朵花美。 This flower is ___________ ___________ ___________that one.
3.他是所有人当中做得最差的。 He did ___________ ___________of all.
4.六个女孩中,她吃了最少的牛肉。Of the six girls, she ate ___________ ___________beef.
5.Lucy 是我最好的朋友。 Lucy is ___________ ___________friend.
【Keys】1. taller than 2. more beautiful than 3. the worst 4. the least 5. my best
4) 比较级句型的拓展
1. The earth is much ___________ (big) than the moon.
2. ----I am too tired to go any ___________ (far).-----Why not have a rest
3. The problem is a little ___________ (different) than the other one.
4. 上海比江苏任何一个城市都大。 Shanghai is larger than ______ ______ in Jiangsu.
Amy 比她班里的任何一个同学都苗条。
Amy is slimmer than ______ ______ ________in her class.
教师:上海不属于江苏,不包含在范围之内的,所以前面用any city, 后面一小题 Amy 是班里的学生,是包含在范围之内的,所以用any other student.
5) 1.My father is ________ _________(healthy) of my parents.
2. Lucy is_______ _________(clever) of the twins.
教师:the + adj. / adv (比较级)+ of +n. 表示“两者中较。。。的”
6)1.你吃的蔬菜越多,你将越健康。
_______ _______ vegetables you eat, ______ ________ you will be.
2.你做得锻炼越少,你就越胖。
______ ________exercise you take, _____ _______ you will be.
7) 1.天气变得越来越热 The weather gets _____ _____ ______.
2.这个女孩变得越来越仔细。 The girl becomes _____ _____ _____ _______
【Keys】 1. bigger 2. farther, further 3. more different
4). 1. any city 2. any other student
5). 1. the heathier 2. the cleverer
6). 1. The more, the healthier 2. The least , the fatter .
7). 1. hotter and hotter. 2. more and more careful
Grammar 2:一般过去时
1. 一般过去时:
★ 一般过去时的构成:
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,动词的过去式有规则与不规则两种。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加
ed, 不规则动词的过去式需另加记忆。
动词过去式的变化方式:
情况及变化 例词
一般情况,在动词原形后加ed work→ worked, answer →answered, open→ opened, play→ played
以不发音的e结尾的词,加d live→ lived, move →moved
以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词,变y为i, 再加ed try→ tried, cry →cried, study→ studied
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加ed stop→ stopped, plan →planned
★ 一般过去时的用法:
★ 表示在过去某个特定的时间发生的动作或存在的状态
★ 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
★ 表示在过去连续发生一系列动作
【注意】若要表示“真理”或一件事情的“事实”等概念时,通常不用一般过去时,而使用一般现在时。
【活学活用2】
1.I used to ________ out a lot, but now I’m used to ________ at home.
A.eat, cooking B.eating, cook C.eating, cooking
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:我过去常在外面吃饭,但现在我习惯在家做饭。
考查used构成的短语辨析。used to do sth过去常常做某事;be used to do sth被用来做某事;be used to doing sth习惯于做某事;根据“...but now”可知,第一空表达“过去常常”,空处用动词原形;第二空表达“习惯于”,空处用doing形式,故选A。
2.Which of the following is RIGHT
A.He is used to live there. B.She is listening to music at 8 o’clock last night.
C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive.
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:下面哪个选项是正确的?
考查时态。A项错误,谓语应用used to do“过去常常”或be used to doing“习惯于”;B项错误,at 8 o’clock last night是过去进行时的时间状语,谓语应用was listening;C项错误,for two weeks是一段时间,谓语应用延续性动词,have borrowed应变为have kept;D项无语法错误,且内容符合常识。故选D。
3.The famous NBA basketball player I was looking forward to _________ the game at last. we all felt excited.
A.appears B.appearing C.appeared
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:我一直期待的著名的NBA篮球运动员终于出现在比赛中。我们都感到兴奋。
考查一般过去时。此处在句中作谓语,根据“felt”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选C。
4.My mother ________ when she was a young girl.
A.keep a diary B.keeps a diary C.kept a diary D.is keeping a diary
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:我妈妈还是个小女孩的时候就记日记。
考查时态辨析。根据“when she was a young girl”可知要用一般过去时。故选C。
5.Xiao Fei ________ to be shy, didn’t he
A.uses B.used C.useful D.using
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:晓菲过去很害羞,不是吗?
考查动词时态辨析。分析句子结构,本句是反意疑问句,疑问部分助动词did是do的过去式,可知陈述部分动词用过去式;used to be过去式,故选B。
6.When I ________ ten, I ________ this picture in a park.
A.am; taked B.am; take C.were; taked D.was; took
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:当我十岁时,我在公园里拍了这张照片。
考查一般过去时。was是,am和is的过去式;were是,are的过去式;am是;take拍照,过去式是took,根据第一个空后的“ten”并结合语境可知,时态是一般过去时,第一个空用am的过去式was,第二个空用take的过去式took,故选D。
7.He didn’t ________ to do ________.
A.want; something B.want; anything C.wanted; anything D.wanted; anything
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:他什么都不想做。
考查一般过去时及不定代词。分析句子可知,此句为一般过去时的否定句,助动词后要用动词原形,排除C、D;不定代词something用于肯定句中,anything用于否定句和疑问句中。故选B。
8.Everyone in my class ________ a bag with some food last Friday.
A.take B.takes C.taking D.took
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:上周五,我们班的每个人都带了一个袋子,里面装着一些食物。
考查谓语动词。take是动词,意为“携带”,everyone是主语,后接动词作谓语,根据last Friday可知,句子使用一般过去时。故选D。
9.Tina ________ the science museum with her classmate last weekend.
A.visit B.to visit C.visits D.visited
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:蒂娜上周末和她的同学参观了科学博物馆。
考查时态。根据“last weekend”可知,动作发生在过去,动词应用过去式,故选D。
10.—Could you tell me ________
—Two hours ago.
A.when you finish your work B.when you finished your work C.when did you finish your work
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——你能告诉我你什么时候完成工作的吗?——两小时前。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序,排除C;再由“Two hours ago.”可知是过去完成的,用一般过去时,排除A。故选B。
Grammar 3:反身代词的用法
反身代词的用法
1)形式
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
2) 作用
反身代词在句中可以用作宾语、表语、主语的同位语、宾语的同位语。作同位语时表示“本人,自己”。
You should ask the students themselves.你应该问一问学生们自己。
3)反身代词构成的惯用词组
enjoy oneself玩得很高兴
say to oneself自言自语
by oneself独自的
2. 现在完成时态
1) 结构:have/has+动词的过去分词(肯定句)
have/has not+动词的过去分词(否定句)
have/has+动词的过去分词?(疑问句)
过去分词的构成:规则动词(在动词后加ed),不规则动词(详见不规则动词表)。
2) 现在完成时态用来表示已经发生或完成的动作或状态,常与already, just, yet连用。
They have just bought a new house. 他们刚买了间新房子。
The patient hasn't eaten anything yet. 这个病人还没有吃过任何东西。
Have you been to the Great Wall 你去过长城吗?
3) 现在完成时态可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,常与时间状语since, for连用(since+时间点;for+时间段),或者用于How long…?句型中,表示持续的时间。
We have learned English since we were six.我们自从6岁起就学习英语了。
Mr. Li has been an engineer for over 20 years.李先生成为工程师有20多年了。
- How long have the film been on 电影放多久了?
- For about 15 minutes.大概有15分钟。
注意:在现在完成时态中瞬间动词不能与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用,瞬间动词必须转化为持续性动词。
Her grandma has died for ten years.(X)
Her grandma has been dead for ten years.(√)
4)常用的瞬间动词转换为持续性动词表
瞬间动词 持续性动词 瞬间动词 持续性动词
come, reach, arrive, get to, join be in, stay die be dead
open be open close be close
leave be away buy have
borrow, lend keep become, turn, get be
begin, start be on go out be out
fall ill be ill catch a cold have a cold
【活学活用3】
1.—Why do you like listening to music
—Because I can relax ________ when I feel tired.
A.yourself B.herself C.himself D.myself
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——你为什么喜欢听音乐?——因为当我感到累的时候,我可以放松自己。
考查代词的辨析。yourself你自己;herself 她自己;himself他自己;myself我自己。根据“when I feel tired.”可知,此处是当我累的时候,我能放松我自己。故选D。
2.—We shouldn’t worry about Mary.
—You are right. She is ________ to look after ________.
A.enough big; her B.big enough; herself
C.enough old; her D.old enough; herself
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——我们不应该担心Mary。——你是对的。她足够大了,可以照顾自己了。
考查enough后置。old enough足够大,old指年龄大;big enough足够大,big指体积或容量等方面的大,her她的,形容词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词,根据enough修饰形容词时,要放在形容词后,排除A和C,由空后的“look after herself”可知,应该是足够大(年龄),可以照顾自己了,排除B,故选D。
3.— What did you buy for ________ last Double Eleven Day(双十一节)
— Nothing. I only bought something for my parents.
A.yourself B.myself C.himself
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——上个双十一节你给自己买了什么?——什么都没有买。我只给父母买了些东西。
考查代词辨析。yourself你自己;myself我自己;himself他自己。主语为you,此处填反身代词,表示互指关系,意为“你自己”。故选A。
4.—No matter what happens, just love ________ and love the people around you.
—I really agree with you.
A.yourself B.your C.you
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——不管发生什么,爱自己,爱身边的人。——我非常同意你的看法。
考查代词辨析。yourself你自己;your你的;you你。根据“No matter what happens, just love...and love the people around you.”可知,是爱自己,用反身代词,故选A。
5.Jim and his sister are old enough to look after _______.
A.himself B.herself C.themselves D.ourselves
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:吉姆和他妹妹都大了,可以照顾他们自己了。
考查反身代词。himself他自己;herself她自己;themselves他们自己;ourselves我们自己。通过语境和短语“look after oneself照顾某人自己”可知,此处需填反身代词表示“某人自己”,主语为“Jim and his sister”,应用反身代词themselves。故选C。
6.—How do you learn English and French
—Mrs Li teaches ________ English and I learn French by ________.
A.me; me B.my; me C.me; myself D.my; myself
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——你是怎样学习英语和法语的?——李老师教我英语,我自学法语。
考查代词。me我,宾格形式;my 我的,形容词性物主代词;myself我自己,反身代词。teach sb. sth.教某人……,固定短语,第一个空格处作为动词teach的宾语,应用宾格形式me。by oneself独自地,固定短语,第二个空格处应用myself。故选C。
7.—Our first English class started with introducing ________.
—So did ________.
A.us; we B.ourselves; we C.us; ours D.ourselves; ours
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——我们的第一节英语课从自我介绍开始。——我们的也是。
考查代词辨析。us我们,宾格;we我们,主格;ourselves我们自己,反身代词;ours我们的,名词性物主代词。第一处表示“自我介绍”,用反身代词;第二处表示“我们的英语课”,用名词性物主代词ours代替“our first English class”。故选D。
8.—Jim plays basketball so well! Who taught ________
—He learnt it by ________.
A.him; him B.him; himself C.himself; himself
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——吉姆篮球打得很好!谁教他的?——他自学的。
考查代词辨析。第一个空在动词taught后作宾语用宾格him;learn...by oneself自学,用反身代词。故选B。
9.He can’t repair the model ship ________. Can you help ________
A.him; him B.himself; himself C.himself; him D.him; himself
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:他自己不会修这个轮船模型。你能帮他吗?
考查代词的用法。him他,he的宾格;himself是反身代词,他自己;第一空是他自己不会修理,故用反身代词himself;动词help后缺宾语,故第二个空填入宾格代词him。故选C。
10.The girl called her mother for help because she couldn’t solve the problem by ________.
A.herself B.himself C.yourself D.themselves
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:那个女孩给她的妈妈打电话请求帮助,因为她自己不能解决这个问题。
考查反身代词。by oneself“靠自己,单独”。主语是the girl,所以反身代词用herself,故选A。
Grammar4:一般现在时&一般疑问句
1.一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作,或一般情况下所存在的状态。它常和always、 often、usually、everyday、sometimes 等时间状语连用。
一般现在时的用法:
表示经常﹑反复发生的动作,现存的习惯或状态。常与often、always、usually、every day、sometimes、never、once a day、seldom等时间状语连用。 He goes to work every day. 他每天都上班。 Mike is an American. 迈克是一个美国人。
表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The Earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Water boils at 100℃. 水在100摄氏度时沸腾。
在连词when , before , if , as soon as, until 等引导的时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 I will call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就会给你打电话。 If I feel better, I will go with you tomorrow. 明天如果我感觉好些的话,我会和你一起去。
2.一般疑问句
一般疑问句又称作“Yes/No question”,常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实。一般疑问句的结构是:
be+主语+其他成分 -Is he interested in sports 他对体育感兴趣吗? -Yes,he is.是的。他感兴趣。
助动词+主语+动词+其他成分 -Does he wear a uniform at work 他工作时穿制服吗? -Yes.he does.是的,他穿制服的。 -Have you been to Japan yet 你去过日本了吗? -No,I haven't.不,我没有。
【活学活用4】
1.My physics teacher told us that light _______ faster than sound.
A.travels B.to travel C.traveling D.traveled
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:我的物理老师告诉我们光传播得比声音快。
考查时态。travel旅行,传播;结合句意,宾语从句的内容是“光传播得比声音快”,这是客观事实,因此谓语动词用一般现在时,主语light是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故选A。
2.China is a country with _________ population in the world. About one fifth of the world’s population _________ in China.
A.the most, is B.the largest, are C.the largest, is D.the most, are
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:中国的人口是世界上最多的。大约5分之一的世界人口在中国。
考查最高级和动词。the most最多的;is(三单);the largest最大的;are是(复数)。population人口,往往用large修饰,表示“人口多”,所以此处应用the largest,表示“最多的人口”。再结合“one fifth of the world’s population”可知,此处主语为population,所以用is。故选C.
3.—Does Jack ________ a TV at home —Yes, he often ________ football games on TV.
A.has; watch B.have; watches C.has; watches D.have; watch
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——杰克家里有电视吗?——是的,他经常在电视上看足球比赛。
考查动词辨析、一般疑问句和动词时态。has有,单三式;have有,动词原形;watch观看,动词原形;watches观看,单三式。问句是一般疑问句,助动词does提前,动词用原形have;回答句子是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数形式,故动词应用单三式watches。故选B。
4.— The weather report says that it ________ tomorrow in most parts of Harbin city.
— If it ________, the school sports meeting will be put off.
A.will rain; will rain B.will rain; rains C.rains; will rain
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——天气预报说明天哈尔滨大部分地区将下雨。——如果下雨,学校运动将会推迟。
考查动词时态。第一句根据“tomorrow”可知,句子用一般将来时will do的结构,排除C选项。if表示“如果”,从句用一般现在时,故选B。
5.—It’s said that this region (区域) in France ________ some of the best wine. Would you like to travel there someday
—Sure, wines are my favorite.
A.process B.products C.produces
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——据说法国的这个地区出产一些最好的葡萄酒。你想哪天去那里旅游吗?——当然,葡萄酒是我的最爱。
考查动词。process处理,加工;products产品,名词复数;produces生产。从句中缺少谓语动词,排除B;法国这个地区出产最好的葡萄酒,是客观事实,客观事实仍用现,“this region”后接动词的第三人称单数形式,排除A。故选C。
6.The jacket ________ go well with your pants.
A.is B.isn’t C.does D.doesn’t
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:这件夹克与你的裤子不相配。短语go well with...“与……相匹配”,go是动词,变成否定句,主语是The jacket是第三人称单数,要借助助动词does+not+动词原形,故选D。
7.— Must I finish homework today
— No, you ________.
A.must B.can’t C.don’t have D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——我今天必须完成作业吗? ——不,你不必。
考查动词。must必须;can’t不能;don’t have没有;needn’t不必。根据英语语法,以must开头的一般疑问句,如果作否定回答,应用needn’t或don’t have to。故选D。
8.—________ Jim ________ small hands
—No, he has big ones.
A.Do; have B.Do; has C.Does; has D.Does; have
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——吉姆有一双小手吗?——不,他有双大的。
考查主谓一致。根据回答“No, he has big ones”,可知问句是一般疑问句,结合has是have的三单形式,问句动词需恢复原形have;主语Jim是单数第三人称,需借助助动词does构成一般疑问句。故选D。
9.—________ your mother free at the weekend
—No. She ________ has lots of work to do.
A.Does; always B.Is; always C.Does; seldom D.Is; seldom
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——你妈妈周末有空吗?——没有。她总是有很多工作要做。
考查一般疑问句与副词辨析。Does助动词;Is是,系动词;always总是;seldom很少。根据空一后free结合空后无动词可知,此处是be free,一般疑问句要把系动词提前,排除选项A和C;根据回答No可知,此处是说她没空,应该是“总是”有很多事情要做,排除选项D。故选B。
10.—Are these your ________ — Yes, ________ are.
A.sisters; these B.sister; they C.sister; these D.sisters; they
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——这些是你的姐姐吗?——是的,她们是。
考查名词复数和一般疑问句的回答。sister姐、妹,复数形式为sisters。根据主语“these”可知,名词应用复数形式,故排除B、C项;Are these… 这些是……吗?肯定和否定回答中主语应用they代替,故排除A项。故选D。
11.—Are there any girls on the playground
—________. There are some boys on it.
A.No, there aren’t B.Yes, there are C.Yes, it is D.No, there isn’t
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:——操场上有女孩吗?——不,没有。有一些男孩。
考查一般疑问句。根据there are的一般疑问句回答还用there are,排除C和D,由空后的“There are some boys on it”可知,应该是否定回答,排除B,故选A。
Grammar5:表示方位的介词和介词词组
表示方位的介词和介词词组:in, near, next to, on, in front of, opposite, between…and…。
(1) in表示“在……之内”,强调在某事物的内部。例如:
Your clothes are in the suitcase. 你的衣物在行李箱里。
(2) near表示“在……附近”。例如:
There is a garden near our school building. 我们教学楼附近有一个花园。
(3) next to表示“紧靠……的旁边”。例如:
The red building next to the coffee bar is a restaurant. 咖啡馆旁边的红色楼房是一家餐厅。
(4) on表示“在……之上”,强调在某事物的表面。例如:
There are a lot of books on the shelf. 书架上有很多书。
(5) in front of表示“在……前面”。例如:
There is a park in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一个公园。
(6) opposite表示“在……的对面”。例如:
The supermarket is opposite the hospital. 超市在医院对面。
(7) between…and…表示“在……中间”。例如:
Mary sits between Tom and Mike. 玛丽坐在汤姆和迈克的中间。
【注意】平时常用的表示方位的介词还有很多,例如:under, over, at, by, behind, among, from, to, through等。
【活学活用5】
He said that he would meet us ________ the cinema.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
2. The article about Beijing is _________ page 5.
A. at B. in C. on D. above
3. Who is standing ____________ the big clock
A. in front of B. in the front of C. on D. over
4. Shanghai is __________ the east of China.
A. at B. in C. over D. on
5. Put this book ________ your bag.
A. at B. below C. in front D. inside
【Keys】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D专题03 重点语法知识梳理一
目录
Grammar 1:形容词与副词的比较级及最高级 1
【活学活用1】 4
Grammar 2:一般过去时 7
【活学活用2】 8
Grammar 3:反身代词的用法 11
【活学活用3】 13
Grammar4:一般现在时&一般疑问句 17
【活学活用4】 18
Grammar5:表示方位的介词和介词词组 23
【活学活用5】 24
Grammar 1:形容词与副词的比较级及最高级
1. 形容词与副词的比较级以及最高级:
规则变化
(1)一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er , 最高级+est
clever-cleverer-cleverest , few-fewer-fewest , small-smaller-smallest等
(2)以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可
nice-nicer-nicest, cute-cuter-cutest, large-larger-largest
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est
easy-easier-easiest, happy-happier-happiest, 再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此
(4)重读闭音节的词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。
fat-fatter-fattest, thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, red-redder-reddest
wet-wetter-wettest, big-bigger-biggest
(5)以ful 结尾的形容词,在原级前加上more或most 构成比较级或最高级。
helpful--more helpful—most helpful useful—more useful—most useful
careful-more careful -the most careful
(6) 多音节的形容词和副词,在原级前加上more 或most 构成比较级和最高级。
beautiful -more beautiful - the most beautiful , delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive 等.
少数单音节词也是这样, 如:
pleased-more pleased -the most pleased ; tired-more tried -the most tired
不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
many/ much more most
good/ well better best
bad/ ill/ badly worse worst
little less least
far farther/ further farthest/ furthest
old older/ elder oldest/ eldest
注意:1)farther, further 都可以表示距离,时间上的“更远”,但是表示“更进一步”时只能用further.
We’d better get further information. 我们最好能得到更进一步的信息。
2) older, oldest 用于比较年龄的大小。older ,eldest 用于表示家庭成员间的长幼关系。
He’s older than I .他比我年龄大。
Li Qiang is my elder brother. 李强是我的哥哥。
2.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法:
1)同级比较:as+形容词或副词原级+as A 与B 一样
He speaks English as well as an American. 他英语说得和美国人一样好。
2)not as / so + 形容词或副词原级 + as A 不及 B …
There is not as / so much snow here as in Tianjing. 这儿下雪不如天津多。
3)形容词或副词比较级 + than A 比 B …
This dress is more expensive than that one. 这条裙子比那条贵。
4)比较级 + and +比较级 越来越。。。
Winter is coming. It’s getting colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
Our city will become more and more beautiful. 我们的城市将变得越来越美丽。
5)the +形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围(三者或三者以上)最。。。
His horse runs (the) most slowly of the three horses. 这三匹马中他的马跑得最慢。
6)one of + the +形容词最高级+ 名词复数+ 比较范围 最。。。之一
The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河之一。
7) the + adj. / adv (比较级)+ of +n. 表示“两者中较。。。的”
She is the prettier of the two sisters. 她是两姐妹中较漂亮的一个。
This rope is the longer of the two. 这条绳子是这两条中较长的一条。
3.比较程度的表示:
1)某些副词和短语常用在形容词或副词比较级前表示比较的程度,如:much,even,still,far, a littile,a lot,a bit等。
She felt ill yesterday. And she got even worse today. 她昨天病了,今天情况更差。
2)表示度量的词组也可以用来表示比较程度。
He is only a year older than I.他只比我大一岁。
3)序数词常用在形容词最高级前表示程度。
China is the third largest country in the world. 中国是世界上第三大的国家。
4.比较级中应该注意的问题:
1)只有同类事物才能进行比较。
His car is better than mine. 他的车比我的好。
The books in our library are more than those in yours. 我们图书馆里的书比你们的多。(比你们学校图书馆里的书多)
2)被比较的事物中不能包括本身。
Dick rans faster than any other student in his class.迪克跑得比班上任何一个学生快。(迪克是班上学生之一)
还可以说:Dick runs faster than any of the other students in his class.
(中国在欧洲之外)
Linda plays basketball better than any boy in her class. 琳达篮球打得比班上任何一个男孩好。(琳达是女孩)
【活学活用1】
1) 选出正确的答案
1. This pencil is ___________ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
2. I think science is ____________ than language. What do you think
A. important B. more important C. much important D. most important
3. Who jumped _________ of the two boys
A. higher B. high C. more high D. highest
2) 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Simon is ________(good) at English than Amy.
2. The blue car is _____________________(expensive) of all.
3. She is ___________(busy) in my family.
4. I think hiking is _____________(interesting) than diving.
5. He works _________(hard) than I do.
3) 完成句子
1.我比他高。 I am __________ ____________ he.
2.这朵花比那朵花美。 This flower is ___________ ___________ ___________that one.
3.他是所有人当中做得最差的。 He did ___________ ___________of all.
4.六个女孩中,她吃了最少的牛肉。Of the six girls, she ate ___________ ___________beef.
5.Lucy 是我最好的朋友。 Lucy is ___________ ___________friend.
4) 比较级句型的拓展
1. The earth is much ___________ (big) than the moon.
2. ----I am too tired to go any ___________ (far).-----Why not have a rest
3. The problem is a little ___________ (different) than the other one.
4. 上海比江苏任何一个城市都大。 Shanghai is larger than ______ ______ in Jiangsu.
Amy 比她班里的任何一个同学都苗条。
Amy is slimmer than ______ ______ ________in her class.
5) 1.My father is ________ _________(healthy) of my parents.
2. Lucy is_______ _________(clever) of the twins.
6)1.你吃的蔬菜越多,你将越健康。
_______ _______ vegetables you eat, ______ ________ you will be.
2.你做得锻炼越少,你就越胖。
______ ________exercise you take, _____ _______ you will be.
7) 1.天气变得越来越热 The weather gets _____ _____ ______.
2.这个女孩变得越来越仔细。 The girl becomes _____ _____ _____ _______
Grammar 2:一般过去时
1. 一般过去时:
★ 一般过去时的构成:
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,动词的过去式有规则与不规则两种。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加
ed, 不规则动词的过去式需另加记忆。
动词过去式的变化方式:
情况及变化 例词
一般情况,在动词原形后加ed work→ worked, answer →answered, open→ opened, play→ played
以不发音的e结尾的词,加d live→ lived, move →moved
以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词,变y为i, 再加ed try→ tried, cry →cried, study→ studied
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加ed stop→ stopped, plan →planned
★ 一般过去时的用法:
★ 表示在过去某个特定的时间发生的动作或存在的状态
★ 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
★ 表示在过去连续发生一系列动作
【注意】若要表示“真理”或一件事情的“事实”等概念时,通常不用一般过去时,而使用一般现在时。
【活学活用2】
1.I used to ________ out a lot, but now I’m used to ________ at home.
A.eat, cooking B.eating, cook C.eating, cooking
2.Which of the following is RIGHT
A.He is used to live there. B.She is listening to music at 8 o’clock last night.
C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive.
3.The famous NBA basketball player I was looking forward to _________ the game at last. we all felt excited.
A.appears B.appearing C.appeared
4.My mother ________ when she was a young girl.
A.keep a diary B.keeps a diary C.kept a diary D.is keeping a diary
5.Xiao Fei ________ to be shy, didn’t he
A.uses B.used C.useful D.using
6.When I ________ ten, I ________ this picture in a park.
A.am; taked B.am; take C.were; taked D.was; took
7.He didn’t ________ to do ________.
A.want; something B.want; anything C.wanted; anything D.wanted; anything
8.Everyone in my class ________ a bag with some food last Friday.
A.take B.takes C.taking D.took
9.Tina ________ the science museum with her classmate last weekend.
A.visit B.to visit C.visits D.visited
10.—Could you tell me ________
—Two hours ago.
A.when you finish your work B.when you finished your work C.when did you finish your work
Grammar 3:反身代词的用法
反身代词的用法
1)形式
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
2) 作用
反身代词在句中可以用作宾语、表语、主语的同位语、宾语的同位语。作同位语时表示“本人,自己”。
You should ask the students themselves.你应该问一问学生们自己。
3)反身代词构成的惯用词组
enjoy oneself玩得很高兴
say to oneself自言自语
by oneself独自的
2. 现在完成时态
1) 结构:have/has+动词的过去分词(肯定句)
have/has not+动词的过去分词(否定句)
have/has+动词的过去分词?(疑问句)
过去分词的构成:规则动词(在动词后加ed),不规则动词(详见不规则动词表)。
2) 现在完成时态用来表示已经发生或完成的动作或状态,常与already, just, yet连用。
They have just bought a new house. 他们刚买了间新房子。
The patient hasn't eaten anything yet. 这个病人还没有吃过任何东西。
Have you been to the Great Wall 你去过长城吗?
3) 现在完成时态可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,常与时间状语since, for连用(since+时间点;for+时间段),或者用于How long…?句型中,表示持续的时间。
We have learned English since we were six.我们自从6岁起就学习英语了。
Mr. Li has been an engineer for over 20 years.李先生成为工程师有20多年了。
- How long have the film been on 电影放多久了?
- For about 15 minutes.大概有15分钟。
注意:在现在完成时态中瞬间动词不能与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用,瞬间动词必须转化为持续性动词。
Her grandma has died for ten years.(X)
Her grandma has been dead for ten years.(√)
4)常用的瞬间动词转换为持续性动词表
瞬间动词 持续性动词 瞬间动词 持续性动词
come, reach, arrive, get to, join be in, stay die be dead
open be open close be close
leave be away buy have
borrow, lend keep become, turn, get be
begin, start be on go out be out
fall ill be ill catch a cold have a cold
【活学活用3】
1.—Why do you like listening to music
—Because I can relax ________ when I feel tired.
A.yourself B.herself C.himself D.myself
2.—We shouldn’t worry about Mary.
—You are right. She is ________ to look after ________.
A.enough big; her B.big enough; herself
C.enough old; her D.old enough; herself
3.— What did you buy for ________ last Double Eleven Day(双十一节)
— Nothing. I only bought something for my parents.
A.yourself B.myself C.himself
4.—No matter what happens, just love ________ and love the people around you.
—I really agree with you.
A.yourself B.your C.you
5.Jim and his sister are old enough to look after _______.
A.himself B.herself C.themselves D.ourselves
6.—How do you learn English and French
—Mrs Li teaches ________ English and I learn French by ________.
A.me; me B.my; me C.me; myself D.my; myself
7.—Our first English class started with introducing ________.
—So did ________.
A.us; we B.ourselves; we C.us; ours D.ourselves; ours
8.—Jim plays basketball so well! Who taught ________
—He learnt it by ________.
A.him; him B.him; himself C.himself; himself
9.He can’t repair the model ship ________. Can you help ________
10.The girl called her mother for help because she couldn’t solve the problem by ________.
A.herself B.himself C.yourself D.themselves
Grammar4:一般现在时&一般疑问句
1.一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作,或一般情况下所存在的状态。它常和always、 often、usually、everyday、sometimes 等时间状语连用。
一般现在时的用法:
表示经常﹑反复发生的动作,现存的习惯或状态。常与often、always、usually、every day、sometimes、never、once a day、seldom等时间状语连用。 He goes to work every day. 他每天都上班。 Mike is an American. 迈克是一个美国人。
表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The Earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Water boils at 100℃. 水在100摄氏度时沸腾。
在连词when , before , if , as soon as, until 等引导的时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 I will call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就会给你打电话。 If I feel better, I will go with you tomorrow. 明天如果我感觉好些的话,我会和你一起去。
2.一般疑问句
一般疑问句又称作“Yes/No question”,常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实。一般疑问句的结构是:
be+主语+其他成分 -Is he interested in sports 他对体育感兴趣吗? -Yes,he is.是的。他感兴趣。
助动词+主语+动词+其他成分 -Does he wear a uniform at work 他工作时穿制服吗? -Yes.he does.是的,他穿制服的。 -Have you been to Japan yet 你去过日本了吗? -No,I haven't.不,我没有。
【活学活用4】
1.My physics teacher told us that light _______ faster than sound.
A.travels B.to travel C.traveling D.traveled
2.China is a country with _________ population in the world. About one fifth of the world’s population _________ in China.
A.the most, is B.the largest, are C.the largest, is D.the most, are
3.—Does Jack ________ a TV at home —Yes, he often ________ football games on TV.
A.has; watch B.have; watches C.has; watches D.have; watch
4.— The weather report says that it ________ tomorrow in most parts of Harbin city.
— If it ________, the school sports meeting will be put off.
A.will rain; will rain B.will rain; rains C.rains; will rain
5.—It’s said that this region (区域) in France ________ some of the best wine. Would you like to travel there someday
—Sure, wines are my favorite.
A.process B.products C.produces
6.The jacket ________ go well with your pants.
A.is B.isn’t C.does D.doesn’t
7.— Must I finish homework today
— No, you ________.
A.must B.can’t C.don’t have D.needn’t
8.—________ Jim ________ small hands
—No, he has big ones.
A.Do; have B.Do; has C.Does; has D.Does; have
9.—________ your mother free at the weekend
—No. She ________ has lots of work to do.
A.Does; always B.Is; always C.Does; seldom D.Is; seldom
10.—Are these your ________ — Yes, ________ are.
A.sisters; these B.sister; they C.sister; these D.sisters; they
11.—Are there any girls on the playground
—________. There are some boys on it.
A.No, there aren’t B.Yes, there are C.Yes, it is D.No, there isn’t
Grammar5:表示方位的介词和介词词组
表示方位的介词和介词词组:in, near, next to, on, in front of, opposite, between…and…。
(1) in表示“在……之内”,强调在某事物的内部。例如:
Your clothes are in the suitcase. 你的衣物在行李箱里。
(2) near表示“在……附近”。例如:
There is a garden near our school building. 我们教学楼附近有一个花园。
(3) next to表示“紧靠……的旁边”。例如:
The red building next to the coffee bar is a restaurant. 咖啡馆旁边的红色楼房是一家餐厅。
(4) on表示“在……之上”,强调在某事物的表面。例如:
There are a lot of books on the shelf. 书架上有很多书。
(5) in front of表示“在……前面”。例如:
There is a park in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一个公园。
(6) opposite表示“在……的对面”。例如:
The supermarket is opposite the hospital. 超市在医院对面。
(7) between…and…表示“在……中间”。例如:
Mary sits between Tom and Mike. 玛丽坐在汤姆和迈克的中间。
【注意】平时常用的表示方位的介词还有很多,例如:under, over, at, by, behind, among, from, to, through等。
【活学活用5】
He said that he would meet us ________ the cinema.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
2. The article about Beijing is _________ page 5.
A. at B. in C. on D. above
3. Who is standing ____________ the big clock
A. in front of B. in the front of C. on D. over
4. Shanghai is __________ the east of China.
A. at B. in C. over D. on
5. Put this book ________ your bag.
A. at B. below C. in front D. inside
同课章节目录