专题14 阅读理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇专练
Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理
首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察
词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）
句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）
语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）
逻辑推断能力（确定词义）
前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）
解题思路
词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）
词义的判断（句意理解）
脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇
复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）
Ⅱ. 专题精讲
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
【案例分析1】
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
Keys: 81. result(s) 82. Physical 83. included 84. various 85. Visiting 86. Another 87. seldom
名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词
1 2 2 1 1
【教师】
前后文呼应、理解
(1) P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
【答案】 Physical
【精讲】本空首先判定为副词，接着根据后文提及的Favourite sports可知
（2）They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
【答案】various
【精讲】本空首先初步判定为形容词，虽也有可能填动词分词形式，形容词概率大些，再根据后文的from.......to.....可知
(3)V____85______ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week.
【答案】visiting
【精讲】根据后文的met friends知道填拜访访问朋友，注意动词放开头做主语要用动名词形式
Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone.
【答案】Another
【精讲】首先本空判定为形容词或者具有形容词性的代词，再根据前文的through the Internet 以及后文的the telephone知表示另外一种方式。
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【答案】seldom
【精讲】根据surprisingly以及only，前后句成递进关系，进一步解释说明青少年很少去跳舞。
【案例分析2】华二开学摸底卷
It’s a great but difficult project to set up a permanent human settlement on Mars. Over 200,000 volunteers from more than 120 countries have applied to take a one-way trip to Mars.
The project, run by a Dutch company named Mars One, aims to send a group of volunteers to Mars, and because of the physiological(生理上的) change in the human body after a stay on Mars, there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip ! However, that hasn’t stop volunteers becoming one of Mars’ first citizens. “This is turning out to be the most welcome job in history.” Says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.
Day-to-day life on Mars will be not easy. The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun. You can’t breathe the air and it is very cold on Mars, with an average temperature of around -50℃.There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”. As the first group of people living on Mars, volunteers should be “willing to building and keep a healthy r 86 with the Earth”. They also want volunteers who are “curious, creative, and good at finding ways of dealing with all kinds of problems”.
The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth, the company says. The first group of 24 volunteers is set to fly to Mars in 2004.
Keys:
81.coming 82.include/involve 83.friendly 84.underground 85. Instead 86.relationship 87.before
名词 动词 形容词 副词 连词
2 2 1 1 1
【教师】
前后文呼应、理解
(1) there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip !
【答案】coming
【精讲】判定此空的词性为动词，且前面是of所以填动词的ing形式，根据后文的a one-way trip可知
The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
【答案】involve/include
【精讲】判定空格为及物动词的原形，，再根据后文的building greenhouses or doing some research
(3) Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun.
【答案】friendly
【精讲】判定空格词性为形容词，再根据后文所提及的 Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you......知道火星不适合人类
There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
【答案】underground
【精讲】根据前文的no running water on the surface 可知表示地底下
(5)The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth.
【答案】before
【精讲】首先判定本空词性为连词，根据意思知道是在离开地球之前接受培训的。
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”.
【答案】Instead
【精讲】判定空格为副词，再根据前面的转折but以及 is not looking for ........are looking for.
Ⅲ. 学法提炼
知识收获
首字母考查词性
解题思路、方法
重在句意理解、上下文分析
注意事项
二、方法总结
1. 通读全文, 通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。
2. 词性判定，逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法
3. 联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中。
4. 固定搭配、常识理解
5. 复查：
名词检查单复数
动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致等
形容词、副词检查形式、级别
连词检查逻辑关系
代词检查人称、数、格
介词检查句意、固定搭配和习惯用法
三、技巧提炼
通读全文，了解大意
2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。
3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。
（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）
4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌
专题专练20篇
一、短文首字母填空
（2019·上海青浦·八年级期末） Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:
What are we teenagers nowadays crazy about Are we crazy about popular songs, Harry Porter books Are we crazy about sports or online games But for me, the a1．is history.
History is a part of my free time. Since I was ten, I have r2．many history books, collected old maps and visited museums. I always get excited when people around me talk about history. I have learnt a lot from history. It can o3．some ways to deal with the problems of growing up. History is my precious wealth (财富).
History helps me become mature (成熟). I believed that life was simple to understand in the past. N4．I know that I shouldn’t make simple judgments (判断). People are not “good” or “bad” and things are not “true” or “false”. History has also made me mentally stronger. I’m more r5．than before. For example, when I studied Chinese history between 1840 and 1949, it made me understand I must be a strong person and do my best to do things for China.
Francis Bacon wrote, “Histories make men wise”. I agree with that. If you know history, you respect (尊重) the past a6． you are confident about the future. History tells us where we came from, where we are now and where we are going in the future. This is just the charm of history.
【答案】
1．answer
2．read
3．offer
4．Now/Nowadays
5．responsible
6．and
【分析】
本篇讲述了我热爱历史的原因。历史告诉我们从哪里来，现在在哪里，将来往何处；历史帮助我成熟；让我比以前更有责任感。
1．句意：但对我来说，答案是历史。
空格在定冠词后面，判断填名词；根据上文“What are we teenagers nowadays crazy about ”—— 推断下文空格指“答案是……”；由首字母提示，answer意为“答案”，名词；故答案为answer。
2．句意：从我十岁起，我就读了很多历史书，收集了旧地图、参观了博物馆。
句子是现在完成时，空格在have后面，判断填过去分词；由上文可知“作者从小热爱历史”，由此推断空格指“读了很多历史书”；由首字母提示，read意为“阅读”，其过去分词为不规则变化read；故答案为read。
3．句意：它可以提供一些解决成长问题的方法。
空格在情态动词后面，判断填动词；根据文字表达的逻辑关系，上文陈述“我从历史中学到了很多。”，推断下文进一步陈述“历史在我成长过程的作用”—— 提供一些解决成长问题的方法；由首字母提示，offer意为“提供”，动词；故答案为offer。
4．句意：现在我知道我不应该做简单的判断。
上文讲述“以前自己觉得理解生活是很容易的”， 根据文句表达的逻辑关系，推断讲述“现在我知道以前过于简单”；由首字母提示，now/nowadays意为“现在”；故答案为Now/Nowadays。
5．句意：我比以前更负责任了。
根据上文“History has also made me mentally stronger”—— 可知“历史也在精神方面塑造我”；
根据下文“, it made me understand I must be a strong person and do my best to do things for China. ”—— 推断空格指“自己比以前有责任”；由首字母提示，responsible意为“有责任心的”，属于多音节的形容词，与more构成比较级；故答案为 responsible。
6．句意：如果你了解历史，你就会尊重过去，对未来充满信心。
空格在2个单句之间，判断填连词；根据句子表达的逻辑关系，“你尊重过去”和“对未来充满信心”2个单句在句意上的表达是顺接的，判断填表示“顺承”的并列连词；由首字母提示，故答案为 and。
【点睛】
根据首字母提示完成短文，解答前要先跳空阅读全文，猜测大意；再根据上下文联系猜测空格所缺的信息；最后根据首字母提示确定单词。本篇空格多是语法填空：题1——the+名词；题2—— “have+过去分词”冠词现在完成时；题3—— 情态动词+ 动词原形；题4——“more+ 多音节形容词”构成比较级；题6根据2个的单句的逻辑关系判断并列连词。
（2020·上海田家炳中学八年级期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The life has been full of challenges (挑战) and difficulties. Life is not about the smartest person or the strongest person, or even the richest person. However, life is about having the mind in your heart “Never Give Up”, even when you feel that g7． up is the only choice. The world is waiting on your gifts.
Life won’t be the s8． without you.
You are important to this world and believe it or not, someone is waiting for you to enrich their lives. You are too important to the world to just give up.
What if you win.
You may feel that life is challenging you from time to time and you can’t take it anymore. You may want to give up right now. But here is a thought, what will h9． if you overcome the difficulties
Focus (集中) on the f10．.
When an Olympic runner is in a race, he or she is focusing on one thing-the finishing line. You have to focus on the big picture-not just where you are right now. Focus in where you want to be. Make an agreement with your mind and your mouth.
Life isn’t crystal stair.
One of my favourite poems is called “Crystal Stair” written by Langston Hughes. In that poem, a mother tells her son that life is h11．, you will meet rocks and hard places, but the e12． is victory to those who stand their ground and ride the course.
There is a rainbow after every storm.
Whatever you are facing, you can make it through. There is a rainbow on the o13． side of your situation. Stay strong, stay focused and never give up.
【答案】
7．(g)iving
8．(s)ame
9．(h)appen
10．(f)uture
11．(h)ard
12．(e)nd
13．(o)ther
【分析】
本文主要讲述了要勇敢面对生活中的挑战，不管遇到什么困难，都要永不放弃。
7．
句意：然而，生活就是把“永不放弃”牢记心中，即使当你感觉放弃是唯一选择时。根据前句“However, life is about having the mind in your heart ‘Never Give Up’”和首字母提示可知，空处应是give，和up一起构成动词短语；且空处的词是作主语，应用动名词形式。故填(g)iving。
8．
句意：没有你的生活是不一样的。根据上文中“The world is waiting on your gifts.”和首字母提示可知，空处应是same，相同的。故填(s)ame。
9．
句意：但是有一个想法，如果你克服了困难，会发生什么事情？根据前句“But here is a thought”的语境和空后句“if you overcome the difficulties ”以及首字母提示可知，空处应是happen，发生；句子是一般将来时，will后加动词原形。故填(h)appen。
10．
句意：专注于未来。根据下文“You have to focus on the big picture — not just where you are right now. Focus in where you want to be.”和首字母提示可知，应是要专注于未来，故空处应是future，未来。故填(f)uture。
11．
句意：在诗中，妈妈告诉自己的儿子，生活是艰难的。根据后句“you will meet rocks and hard places”和首字母提示可知，空处应是hard，艰难的。故填(h)ard。
12．
句意：但对于那些坚持立场并坚持到底的人来说，最终是胜利。根据空后“victory to those who stand their ground and ride the course.”和首字母提示可知，空处应是end，结局。故填(e)nd。
13．
句意；在你处境的另一边有一道彩虹。在另一边：on the other side。故填(o)ther。
（2020·上海松江·八年级期中） Not everyone has a chance to be a detective, but I got one when I was thirteen years old. It happened in 2008.
One afternoon, I was walking down the street when I saw my father’s new car. I e14． to see my father in the driver’s seat, but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving i15．. “She has stolen my father’s car,” I thought. So I quickly stopped a taxi and got in. I said to the driver, “Follow that new car in front,” and I told him why.
The taxi driver had a car phone, s16． I asked him to call the police. Soon we heard the sound of a police car. The police told the woman to stop the car using a loudspeaker (喇叭). The taxi came to a stop, too. I got out right then and said to the woman, “This is not your car. It’s my father’s car.”
The woman wasn’t w17． at all, smiled and said, “Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right I’ve seen your p18． in your father’s office.”
Before I could say another word, the woman explained that she was my father’s new assistant. My father had asked her to take his computer to the shop to have it repaired. He lent her his car. A19． hearing this, we called my father and he told us what she said was true. The police and the taxi driver laughed. It was both the first and the last time I worked as a detective.
【答案】
14．(e)xpected
15．(i)nstead
16．(s)o
17．(w)orried
18．(p)hoto/(p)hotos
19．(A)fter
【分析】
这篇文章讲的是发生在作者身上的一件有趣的事，作者看到别人开着他爸爸的车，认为他爸爸的车被别人偷了，于是跟踪并且报警，结果是一场误会。
14．
句意：我希望看到父亲坐在驾驶座上。根据“but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving”及首字母可知，原本期待父亲坐在车里，expect表示“期待”，描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，故填(e)xpected。
15．
句意：但令我吃惊的是，我看到开车的是一个年轻女人。原以为看到的是爸爸，反而是一个女人开的车，用副词instead表示“反而”，故填(i)nstead。
16．
句意：出租车司机有车载电话，所以我让他给警察打电话。根据“The taxi driver had a car phone, … I asked him to call the police”可知，前后文是因果关系，前是因后是果，故填(s)o。
17．
句意：这位女士并不担心。根据“Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right”及首字母可知，看到这一切并没有感到担心，故填(w)orried。
18．
句意：我在你父亲的办公室看到过你的照片。根据“I’ve seen your … in your father’s office”及首字母可知，看过照片所以认得作者，此空可以填名词的单数形式或复数形式，故填photo(s)。
19．
句意：听到这些后，我们打电话给我父亲，他告诉我们她说的是真的。根据“we called my father and he told us what she said was true”可知，听到了这个女士解释的原因之后，我们打电话向父亲求证，故填(A)fter。
（2020·上海市进才中学北校八年级期中） Staying indoors during winter time can be uninteresting. You need to find some fun apps to play with. Here are a few good choices.
SpinMe
Is it hard for you to wake up on time every morning Are you often late for school If so, you may need an u20． alarm clock.
There are thousands of alarm apps, but SpinMe might be an effective one. You cannot turn its alarm off just by pressing a button. You need to stand up and turn around while h21． your phone in your hands. And turning the phone around when lying down on your bed won’t work. There is no o22． ways to turn it off.
You can also pick your favorite music for the alarm. It makes the clock more fun to use.
Star Walk 2
You may wonder what the stars are c23． when sitting in the yard and looking into the night sky. Star Walk 2 can give you the answers.
Just point your phone at the sky directly. The app tells you the names of of the stars. It also tells you the history and stories about them. If you move your phone, the app can give you more d24．. It also shows 3D
images of stars. You can move the images around with your finger and have a lock. It’s like having an astronomer in your pocket.
Safari Central
You don’t need to go to Africa to see wild animals. Safari Central brings nature to you on your mobile phone. The app can see w25． you are. It tells you if there are wild animals in your city.It also has 3D images of six wild animals, including elephants and bears. They look very real. You can take pictures with them. Using the app, you can s26． your pictures with your friends, as well as see their pictures.
Animal lovers can use the app to raise money for wild animals.
【答案】
20．(u)nusual
21．(h)olding
22．(o)ther
23．(c)alled
24．(d)etails
25．(w)here
26．(s)hare
【分析】
本文主要介绍了一些有趣的应用程序来度过无聊的冬天。
20．
句意：如果是这样，你可能需要一个不同寻常的闹钟。空处应填形容词作定语；根据“There are thousands of alarm apps, but SpinMe might be an effective one. You cannot turn its alarm off just by pressing a button. ”可知，此处指“需要一个不同寻常的闹钟”，unusual符合语境。故填(u)nusual。
21．
句意：手里拿着手机时，你需要站起来，转身。根据“your phone in your hands”可知，此处指“拿着手机”，hold符合语境，while后省略了主语和谓语，所以空处用现在分词。故填(h)olding。
22．
句意：没有别的办法能关掉它。空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词ways；根据“And turning the phone around when lying down on your bed won’t work. There is no...ways to turn it off.”可知，此处指没有其他办法来关闭它，other符合语境。故填(o)ther。
23．
句意：当你坐在院子里，望着夜空时，你可能想知道星星叫什么。根据“The app tells you the names of of the stars.”可知，此处指“想知道星星叫做什么”，call符合语境；be动词are后跟动词的过去分词构成被动语态，故填(c)alled。
24．
句意：如果你移动你的手机，应用程序可以给你更多详细信息。根据“It also tells you the history and stories about them”及首字母可知，如果转动手机，该应用还可以告诉你更多细节，detail符合语境，more后跟名词复数。故填(d)etails。
25．
句意：这款应用程序可以看到你在哪里。根据“Safari Central brings nature to you on your mobile phone.”和“It tells you if there are wild animals in your city.”可知，该应用程序可以看到你的位置，结合首字母可知，where符合语境。故填(w)here。
26．
句意：使用这款应用，你可以与朋友分享你的照片，也可以看到他们的照片。share sth. with sb和某人分享某物，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填(s)hare。
（2020·上海市民办新竹园中学八年级期中） Although most of us are now stuck at home due to the virus outbreak, there are many people trying to do some sports not only to kill time, but also to help themselves and others stay a27． during this difficult period.
Gymnasiums and breakfast courts are closed, so many of us choose to keep fit at home, which helps us i28． our immunity(免疫力).
Professional guide
Fitness apps are becoming more popular these days. Downloads of this kind of apps are growing rapidly, China Daily reported. For example, an online exercise platform called Be Fit offers online exercise lessons for people of different age. They’re easy to f29． and all you need is some basic fitness equipment, like a yoga mat. Some fitness c30． have had to shut up their business in their training ground. But they’ve encouraged their personal trainers to make videos and share them on social media platforms for people who exercise at home.
Online PE classes
Shanghai started online courses for students in March, including PE classes. PE teachers use live-streaming soft wares or record video clips a31． guidance for students. Li Xiao, a PE teacher, has made an exercise video for her students. She told us that she advised her students to make use of simple tools, such as plastic bottles to do the exercises. The exercise doesn’t require much s32． and is suitable for exercising at home.
【答案】
27．(a)ctive
28．(i)mprove
29．(f)ollow
30．(c)lubs
31．(a)s
32．(s)pace
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了疫情爆发期间人们如何进行体育锻炼的。
27．
句意：有很多人尝试做一些运动，不仅是为了消磨时间，也是为了帮助自己和他人在这个困难时期保持活跃。根据“stay”可知，此空需要一个形容词作表语；再者根据“many people trying to do some sports”可知，是为了保持活跃，结合首字母提示，active符合句意。故填(a)ctive。
28．
句意：所以我们很多人选择在家健身，这有助于提高我们的免疫力。根据“help sb. do sth.”可知，此空需要一个动词原形；再者根据“keep fit”可知，健身有助于提高免疫力，结合首字母提示，improve符合句意。故填(i)mprove。
29．
句意：它们很容易跟着学，你所需要的只是一些基本的健身器材，比如瑜伽垫。根据“For example, an online exercise platform called Be Fit offers online exercise lessons for people of different age.”可知，这些课程很容易跟着学，结合首字母提示，follow符合句意。故填(f)ollow。
30．
句意：一些健身俱乐部不得不关闭他们的训练场。根据“some”和“have had”可知，此空需要一个名词复数；再者根据“shut up their business in their training ground.”可知，是健身俱乐部不得不关闭，结合首字母提示，clubs符合句意。故填(c)lubs。
31．
句意：体育教师使用直播软件或录制视频片段指导学生。根据“use live-streaming soft wares or record video clips”可知，是用直播软件或录制视频片段作为一种指导，结合首字母提示，as符合句意。故填(a)s。
32．
句意：这项运动不需要太多空间，适合在家里进行。根据“much”可知，此空需要一个不可数名词；再者根据“exercising at home”可知，不需要太多空间，结合首字母提示，space符合句意。故填(s)pace。
（2021·上海市徐汇中学八年级期中） CHINA’S POST-00S ATHLETES (运动员) attracted a lot of attention at the Tokyo Olympics. They were calm, professional and strong in the competition.
The F33． Gold Medalist
Yang Qian took a gold medal of the 2020 Olympics on July 24 as a beginning of the Chinese team’s victory. The 21-year-old shooter a34． the top honor in the women’s 10-meter air rifle (女子十米气步枪) event.
Chinese people were proud of Yang’s victory. They were also delighted by h35． cute the girl looked. Everyone loved her baby face and lucky duck hair slip (发夹)!
The Swimming “Wonder Girl”
On July 26, after one gold and one silver, Li Bingjie won bronze (铜牌) in the women’s 400-meter freestyle (女子四百米自由泳) final. The 19-year-old hit the wall in 4:01.08. It was the second medal of the Chinese swimming army in Tokyo. Li was the first Chinese woman to have won the Olympic medals of a36． colors in this event.
The Calm Genius
Zhang Changhong took the last shooting gold of the Tokyo Olympics on August 2. With 466 points, he set a new world and Olympic r37． in men’s 50-meter rifle three positions (男子五十米步枪三姿). The 21-year-old kept calm d38． the competition. He stayed focused (专注的) on his position and action, rather than on the other competitors. That was p39． the secret to his success.
Remember these youthful faces who had their moments on the Olympic stage.
【答案】
33．(F)irst
34．(a)chieved
35．(h)ow
36．(a)ll
37．(r)ecord
38．(d)uring
39．(p)robably/(p)erhaps/(p)ossibly
【分析】
本文主要讲了中国的00后运动员在东京奥运会上吸引了很多关注。他们在比赛中沉着、专业、坚强的事情，并列举了三位运动员。
33．
句意：第一枚金牌获得者。根据“Yang Qian took a gold medal of the 2020 Olympics on July 24 as a beginning of the Chinese team’s victory.”可知她在2020年奥运会上夺得了第一个金牌，first“第一个”，小标题单词首字母大写，故填(F)irst。
34．
句意：这位21岁的射手在女子十米气步枪项目中获得最高荣誉。根据“the top honor in the women’s 10-meter air rifle (女子十米气步枪) event.”并结合单词首字母可知是获得荣誉，achieve“获得”，根据语境可知时态是一般过去时，故填(a)chieved。
35．
句意：他们也为这个女孩的可爱而高兴。根据“by...cute the girl looked”结合单词首字母可知他们也为这个多么可爱的女孩感到高兴，how cute“多么可爱的”，故填(h)ow。
36．
句意：李冰洁是第一个在这个项目中获得所有颜色的奥运会奖牌的中国女运动员。根据“On July 26, after one gold and one silver, Li Bingjie won bronze (铜牌) in the women’s 400-meter freestyle (女子四百米自由泳) final”可知李冰洁获得金牌， 银牌和铜牌，说明她第一个在这个项目中获得所有颜色的奥运会奖牌的中国女运动员。all“全部的”，故填(a)ll。
37．
句意：在男子五十米步枪三姿比赛中，他以466分的成绩创造了新的世界纪录和奥运会纪录。根据“With 466 points, he set a new world and Olympic...”可知他是创造了一个新的世界和奥运会记录，record“纪录”，是可数名词，前面有a修饰，应填原形，故填(r)ecord。
38．
句意：这位21岁的选手在比赛中保持冷静。根据“he 21-year-old kept calm...the competition.”并结合单词首字母可知他在比赛过程中保持冷静，during“在……期间”，是介词，故填(d)uring。
39．
句意：这可能就是他成功的秘诀。根据“ He stayed focused (专注的) on his position and action, rather than on the other competitors...the secret to his success.”并结合单词首字母可知专注于自己的位置和行动，而不是其他竞争对手很可能是他成功的秘诀。分析句子可知空处需要一个表示“很可能”的副词来修饰句子，probably，perhaps和possibly都可以表达“很可能”，故填(p)robably/(p)erhaps/(p)ossibly。
（2019·上海市蒙山中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
My name is Lemuel Gulliver. I was born in England. At age of 16, when I was a y40．man, I studied to be a doctor. I worked in London at first, but it was not easy to make money there. I decided to work as a ship’s doctor. I liked t 41．and I made several voyages (航行) .
It was an interesting life. One ship I worked on was called the Antelope. Our voyage went very well at first, but one day there was a great storm. The ship hit the rock in the sea, and began to sink. I managed to j 42．into one of the ship’s lifeboats with some sailors, and we thought we were safe. Then there was a big wave, and the little boat turned over in the water. We all began to swim. I s43． lost sight of the other sailors, and I never saw them again. I think they all drown.
I swam for many hours in the water, and I was very t44．. All of a sudden I realized that no deep any more---- my feet touched the ground! I walked a long time, and then I came to the beach. It was evening, and I was exhausted (疲惫的). I fell a45．on the sand.
When I woke up it was morning. I tried to stand up, but I could not move at all. I raised my h46．a little, and I could see ropes on my body. They were tied very tightly. I did not know what had happen to me.
Then I saw a very small creature（生物）walking along my body. I looked again, and I was very surprised to see that this creature was a really tiny man!
【答案】
40．young
41．traveling
42．jump
43．suddenly
44．tired
45．asleep
46．head
【分析】
本文为名著《格列佛游记》的选段，讲述了格列佛在“羚羊号”船上作医生，遇到风暴之后，跟船员们失去联系，自己不停的游泳，最后到了小人国的故事。
40．句意：在16岁的时候，当我还是一个年轻人，我学习成为一名医生。
空格处为形容词做定语，16岁，是非常年轻的，故填young。
41．句意：我喜欢旅行，我有过几次航行。
根据固定搭配喜欢做某事like doing sth，再由I made several voyages可知，我是喜欢出行的，故填traveling。
42．句意：我设法和一些水手一起跳上了船上的一艘救生艇，我们认为自己是安全的。
设法做成某事managed to do sth，跳上救生艇jump，故填jump。
43．句意：我突然看不到其他的船员了，而且我再也没有见到他们呢，我认为他们都淹死了。
空格处修饰动词词组lost sight of，用副词形式；再由突然看不到，故填suddenly。
44．句意：我在水中游了很多小时，我非常累。
空格处为形容词做表语，描述主语的状态，根据I swam for many hours in the water可知，我是非常累的，故填tired。
45．句意：到了晚上，我筋疲力尽的，我在沙滩上睡着了。
根据It was evening到了晚上，所以空格处为入睡，固定搭配fall asleep，故填asleep。
46．句意：我把我的头举起一点点，我能看到我身上的绳子。
根据I could not move at all我不能移动，与后文I could see ropes on my body我能看到我身上的绳子，可知，我是稍微的举起一下头，故填head。
（2019·上海浦东新·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给)
Each time you're struggling with your school work or when you're busy with your term paper, these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need. The key to getting the most out of these online resources is to know h47． they can best be used to your advantage.
Facebook
A 48．Facebook can be one of your biggest time-wasters and distractions（干扰）when you are supposed to be getting work done, it can also be one of your best resources. Most of your classmates will probably have a Facebook account, so a49． you need to talk with is usually just a few clicks away.
Amazon.com
Do you finish every term with many expensive textbooks you will never open again Instead of letting the money spent go to waste, get back some of your cash by s50． your books on Amazon.
Choosing new classes can sometimes be like trying to pick out your clothes in the dark, which is a total guessing game. Which teacher gives out the hardest problem sets How much h51．will that history professor give you every week At , students all over the country rate(评价) their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.
Wikipedia
While Wikipedia isn't aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching. Wikipedia gives you a quick way to find sources and get the details of almost any topic you need to research – w52．walking to the library.
【答案】
47．how
48．Although
49．anyone/anybody
50．selling
51．homework
52．without
【分析】
每当你在学业中挣扎或者忙于学期论文时，这些以学生为中心的网站都可以为你提供所需的任何帮助，这篇文章介绍了几个有用的网站。
47．句意：充分利用这些在线资源的关键是了解如何最好地利用这些资源。
空格后是宾语从句，表示知道如何利用这些资源，“如何”是how，故填how。
48．句意：虽然当你应该完成工作的时候，Facebook可能最浪费时间，干扰你最大，但是它也可以是你最好的资源之一。
前后句构成了“虽然……但是”的关系，用连词although“虽然”引导让步状语从句，故填Although。
49．句意：你的大多数同学可能都有一个Facebook帐户，所以你只需要点击几下就能与你需要交谈的任何人说话。
这里是缺少主语，用不定代词anyone/anybody“任何人”做主语，故填anyone/anybody。
50．句意：不要让花了的钱白白浪费，通过在亚马逊上出售你的书来换回一些现金。
短语by doing意为“通过做……”，动词sell意为“销售，售卖”，故填selling。
51．句意：这位历史教授每周会给你留多少作业？
How much意为“多少……”，其后加不可数名词“作业”homework，故填homework。
52．句意：维基百科为你提供了一种快速查找来源的方法，并获得需要研究的几乎任何主题的详细信息——无需前往图书馆。
介词“没有，不用”是without，其后加动词ing形式，故填without。
（上海市西延安中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Life decisions
Peter is twelve years old, and he’s a talented (有天赋的) artist. Ever since he was two, Peter spent hours drawing. As he got older. Peter learned to paint and now he wants to be the next Picasso! Peter’s sister. Molly, loves d53．. She’s only nine, but Molly has already decided to go to dance school and became a ballet dancer.
Peter and Molly’s parents don’t know what to do. They want the best for Molly and Peter, but they don’t a54． on how to do it. Mother thinks children should be allowed to make their own decisions. She was a good musician and wanted the chance to go to a music academy, but her parents didn’t support t55．. She attended a four-year college and gave up music to learn law. So she wants to give her own children a choice.
Father doesn’t think that children should be allowed to attend s56． arts schools right after high school. He says children should be educated at a four-year college. Many artists have difficult lives, and father didn’t want the children to have any regrets. If the children let their dreams get in the way of a traditional education, they may find it difficult to manage their lives later on.
When father was a teen, he didn’t want to go to college. He wanted to become a professional athlete. He was pretty good, but his parents believed he shouldn’t be allowed to skip college. So he went to college, studied P.E. and joined the track team. One day as a senior, he was running and he fell. He hurt his knee b57．. His dream of being a professional athlete was o58．. But he is thankful he had his education to back him up. Today Father is a P E. teacher and track coach.
【答案】
53．dancing
54．agree
55．that
56．some/several
57．badly
58．over
【分析】
文章讲的是父母根据自己小时候的教育，对孩子教育提出的不同观点。
53．句意：莫利喜欢跳舞。
根据首字母为l以及后面的but Molly has already decided to go to dance school可知，喜欢跳舞，又因为love后面加doing，故答案填dancing。
54．句意：但是他们在怎么做这件事意见不统一。
根据首字母a开头以及后面的Mother thinks children should be allowed to make their own decisions.和Father doesn’t think that children should be allowed to attend s____4____ arts schools right after high school，所以没有达成一致，故答案填agree。
55．句意：但是她的父母不支持那个（决定）。
根据前面的She was a good musician and wanted the chance to go to a music academy, but her parents didn’t support t____3____.可知，应该是父母不支持她的那个决定，那个用的是that，故答案填that。
56．句意：爸爸认为高中毕业之后不应该去一些艺术院校。
根据首字母s开头以及句子意思后面的schools可知，应该是一些艺术院校，故答案填some/several。
57．句意：他的膝盖伤的很严重。
根据首字母b开头以及前面的hurt his knee可知，应该是严重地，修饰前面的hurt应该用副词，故答案填badly。
58．句意：他想成为专业运动员的梦想破灭了。
根据前面的He hurt his knee b____5__他的膝盖伤的很严重，以及后面的首字母o开头的可知，应该是梦想破灭了，故答案填over。
（上海市上南中学八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Many of us now live in gated communities (封闭式社区). Only people who live there can go freely inside, and only their cars can pass through the gates. But are you hoping for a more open and c59． environment When gates and walls are gone, everyone can enjoy a city with better traffic, bigger green areas for picnics and more cafes and bookstores to meet your friend.
Turning gated communities into blocks is one way to a60． this, according to the Chinese government. On Feb 21, 2016, China said that gated communities should be open to the public.
Open communities have already become p61． in many cities of other countries, like Paris an New York City. There, the roads, shops and green areas are for everyone.
First, humans need communication and sharing. A good city needs to offer people enough space to do this.
A62． good change blocks may bring is better traffic in cities. There will be more roads open to the public. And more people may choose to walk rather than drive cars because they don’t need to take a long way to get around those gated communities.
However, not everyone likes this idea of open communities. Quite a lot of people say they have s63． money on the roads inside the communities. There may be too many people and cars coming and going. And they also worry about s64． problems when communities are open.
The Chinese government explained that the opening would be carried out (实施) step by step and more detailed p65． would come out in the future. Also, they have been testing blocks in some areas in Chengdu Sichuan, and so far it has been working well.
【答案】
59．convenient
60．achieve
61．popular
62．Another
63．spent
64．safety
65．plans
【分析】
中国政府提出了开放社区的概念，此文列举出一些开放社区的好处，同时也提出一些人反对开放社区的原因。因此想要逐步完善开放社区计划，还要一步一步具体实施。
59．句意：但是你希望有一个更加开放和舒适的环境吗？
此处的环境是与上文Only people who live there can go freely inside, and only their cars can pass through the gates.封闭式小区作比较，更加开放和舒适的环境。open表示“开放的”，and连接两个并列词汇，此空为形容词。convenient表示“舒适的”。故填convenient。
60．根据中国政府所说的，将封闭社区向街区转变是一个实现的方法。
this指代上文a more open and convenient environment，one way to do sth.表示“做……的一个方法”，此空缺动词，根据首字母提示，这是一个实现它的方法。achieve“实现”。故填achieve。
61．句意：开放社区在其他国家的很多城市都已经流行起来了，像纽约的巴黎。
此处become接形容词，形容Open communities。become popular 表示“变得流行的”，结合句意可知这种社区在其他国家已经很流行了。故填popular。
62．句意：另一个好的改变是街区可能会给城市带来更好的交通。
根据上一段First可知街区给城市带来的改变，这段是第二个，another表示“另一个；再一”。故填Another。
63．句意：很大一部分人说社区内的路都是他们花钱修的。
spend+钱+on+sth. 表示“花费金钱做某事”，根据空前have可知是现在完成时。spend过去分词形式为spent。故填spent。
64．句意：并且当社区开放时，他们也很担心安全问题。
根据上句There may be too many people and cars coming and going.来来往往的人和车，可知他们担心的是安全问题。safety表示“安全”，名词，此处是名词作定语修饰名词。故填safety。
65．句意：中国政府解释到开放社区将一步一步被实施，更多的计划细节在未来将会出台。
此句是一个并列句，后一句缺主语。detailed，adj，“详细的”，修饰名词。plan表示“计划”，根据more可知用可数名词复数。故填plans。
（2019·上海普陀·八年级期末） Fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格处填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每个空一词，首字母已给）
When a man was walking by some elephants, he suddenly stopped. He wondered why these h66． animals were being held only by a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, no c67．. It was clear that the elephants could break the rope at any time, but for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. "Well," the trainer said, when they were b68． elephants ,we used the same rope to keep them from running away. At that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break the rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they n69． try to break free.
The man was surprised. These animals could break free whenever they w70．, but because they believed they couldn't. Therefore, they were stuck right where they were.
How many of us go through life like the elephants How many of us hold onto the belief that we don’t have the a71． to do something just because we failed at it once before
We should not give up trying when meet failures in life because they are a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn’t mean we can’t succeed.
【答案】
66．huge
67．cages
68．baby
69．never
70．wanted
71．ability
【分析】
短文大意：本文是一篇哲理小故事，讲述了一个人看到了大象被绳子拴住了一只脚却不思挣脱而引发了对人生的思考：当我们在生活中遇到失败时，我们不应该放弃尝试，因为它们是学习的一部分；如果我们失败一次，并不意味着我们不能成功。
66．句意：他想知道为什么这些巨大的动物只被一根小绳子拴在它们的前腿上。
名词animals（动物）需用形容词修饰；these是指上文的elephants，结合首字母提示可知是体型很大的动物，故填huge。
67．句意：没有锁链，没有笼子。
本句是No…no…固定结构，根据No chains可知需填名词；结合下文the elephants could break the rope at any time，可知也没有笼子，故填cages。
68．句意：当它们还是小象的时候，我们用同样的绳子防止它们逃跑。
本句缺表语，根据句意可以，这里是指小时候的大象即baby elephant，故填baby。
69．句意：他们相信它仍然可以栓住他们，所以他们从不试图挣脱。
本句缺频度副词，根据上文They believe it can still hold them，可知它们从不试图挣脱，故填never。
70．句意：这些动物想什么时候挣脱就什么时候挣脱，仅仅是因为它们相信自己无法挣脱。
whenever无论何时，引导时间状语从句；根据上文These animals could break free，可知它们想什么时候挣脱就什么时候挣脱，故填wanted。
71．句意：我们中有多少人坚信我们没有能力去做某件事，仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过
定冠词the后接名词；have the ability to do有能力做某事，根据句意结构和首字母提示，可知填ability。
（2019·上海虹口·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods when two of them fell into a deep pit(坑). All the other frogs came around the pit. When they saw how d72． the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were dying. The two frogs wouldn’t listen to their words and tried to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. F73．, one of the frogs listened to what the other frogs were saying and gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog c74． to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the group of frogs shouted at him to give up and wait for the d75．. He jumped even harder and in the end he made it out. When he got out, the other frog asked: “Did you not hear us ” To their surprise, the frog explained to them that he couldn’t hear clearly. He thought they were encouraging him the w76． time.
Words have the power of life and death. An encouraging word spoken to someone who is down can lift them up and help them make it t77． their difficulties. A destructive word to someone who is down can sometimes kill that person. So always be careful of what you say.
【答案】
72．deep
73．Finally
74．continued
75．death
76．whole
77．through
【分析】
文章大意：两只青蛙掉进了深坑里，同伴们都认为他们上不来了，于是就劝他俩放弃，其中一只放弃了，死掉了。而另一只是聋子，他以为同伴们是在鼓励他，于是鼓足勇气，最后一跃跳了出来。
72．句意：当他们看见坑有多深的时候，他们告诉这两只青蛙他们要死了。
根据上文中“two of them fell into a deep pit”可知坑是很深的，结合首字母d可知要用deep。故答案为deep。
73．句意：最后，一只青蛙听了其它青蛙说的，放弃了。
根据上文中“The other frogs kept telling them to stop. ”可知，其他青蛙一直劝他们停下来，所以最后这只青蛙也放弃了，结合首字母F可推出此处用finally表示“最后”。故答案为Finally。
74．句意：另一只青蛙继续奋力地跳。
根据下文中“Once again, the group of frogs shouted at him to give up”可知，另一只青蛙还在继续跳，结合首字母c可推出此处用continue表示“继续”；且此句为一般过去时，用continue的过去式continued。故答案为continued。
75．句意：又一次，其他青蛙大喊着让他放弃、等死吧。
根据题干中“wait for the d____”可推出此处定冠词the后用名词；再由上文“they were dying”及首字母提示d可推出此处用death表示“死亡”。故答案为death。
76．句意：他认为他们自始至终都在鼓励他。
根据题意“他认为他们在鼓励他____”及提示词w可推出此处用短语the whole time表示“全部时间，自始至终”。故答案为whole。
77．句意：对处于低谷的人说一句鼓励的话会使他们向上并帮助他们克服困难。
根据句意“对处于低谷的人说一句鼓励的话会使他们向上并帮助他们_____困难”可推出应该是帮助克服困难，结合首字母t可推出要用through表示“通过（障碍等）”。故答案为through。
（2020·上海·世泽中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的单词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Recently, a foreign student in China has given a very touching answer to the questions: What should China be proud of Lots of people have d78． it with great enthusiasm (热情) on the Internet.
Emma is from Canada, and she came to China four years ago. Now she is a university student in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. The following w79． are about what China is like in the foreign girl’s eyes.
“Finding a job in China can be very s80．. China offers more job chances than any other country in the world.”
“Its public security is also great. I’ve travelled to many countries, and I dare not (不敢) go out alone at night, but it’s different in China. I needn’t worry about my s81． at all, even at midnight.”
“Now about 400 million Chinese people are studying English. China has the largest number of English speakers in non-English speaking countries. It is quite an a82． number, isn’t it
“The speed of Chinese trains is high. During my third visit to my friend in Beijing, I chose to take a train to go there. It took seven hours to get to Beijing from Ningbo by train. From Ningbo to Beijing, the train runs 1,365 kilometers for only seven hours, which makes it more c83． for people to ply (定时往来) between the two cities.”
“I think there’ll be many more things China will be proud of. I strongly believe the big oriental country must be much better than other countries.”
【答案】
78．discussed
79．words
80．simple
81．safety
82．amazing
83．convenient
【分析】
本文是一个来自加拿大的女孩对“中国应该为什么感到自豪？”这个问题的回答。
78．句意：很多人在网上极富热情的讨论过。
此空为谓语动词，结合句意和首字母可推测，discuss表示“讨论”，it指代上文提出的问题。此句时态是现在完成时，因此此空用discuss的过去分词discussed。故答案为discussed。
79．句意：以下的关于中国样子的言辞是一个外国女孩眼里的中国。
此空为名词作主语，并且根据谓语动词are可知，此空为名词的复数形式。结合句意和首字母可知，此空意为“言辞”，用words表示。故答案为words。
80．句意：在中国找工作非常的简单。
根据“China offers more job chances than any other country in the world.”“中国比世界上其他国家都提供更多的工作机会”可推测在中国找工作非常简单。此空意为“简单的”，用simple表示。故答案为simple。
81．句意：我一点不需要担心我的安全，甚至是半夜。
my为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，并且此空作宾语。根据“Its public security is also great. I’ve travelled to many countries, and I dare not (不敢) go out alone at night, but it’s different in China.”可知中国是很安全的，因此Emma晚上出去不担心自己的安全。此空意为“安全”，用safety表示。故答案为safety。
82．句意：它是相当惊人的数量，不是吗？
此空为形容词作定语修饰名词，结合句意和首字母可知，此空意为“惊人的”，用amazing表示。故答案为amazing。
83．句意：从宁波到北京，火车跑了1365千米，仅仅用了7个小时，这使人们在两个城市之间往返变得更方便。
make sth. adj表示“使某事……”，此空为形容词。结合句意和首字母可知，此空意为“方便的”，用convenient表示。故答案为convenient。
（2020·上海浦东新·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Life is like a journey on a train with its stations, with changes of routes and with accidents!
At birth we get on the train and meet our parents. They are the ones who give us tickets. We b84． that they will always travel by our side. However, at some station our parents will get off the train, leaving us on this journey alone.
As time goes by, other people will get on the train, many of whom will be important—our brothers, s85．, friends, children, and even the love of our life.
Many will get off during the Journey. Some will move to another car for a w86． and come back.
Many will go so unnoticed that we won’t even know when their seats are left empty.
This train ride will be full of happiness, sadness, expectations, hellos and goodbyes.
Success is made up of helping, loving, having a good relationship with all passengers, and making sure that we give our best of ourselves to make their journey c87．.
The question to everyone is: We do not know at which station we ourselves will get off. So, we must live in the best way--love, forgive, and o88． the best of ourselves to others, including our seats if necessary. It is because when the time comes for us to get off and leave our seats empty, we should leave b89． beautiful memories for those who will continue to travel on the train of life.
Thank you for being one of the passengers on my train. Have a very pleasant journey of life!
【答案】
84．believe
85．sisters
86．while
87．comfortable/colourful/cheerful
88．offer
89．behind
【分析】
本文用人生就像火车上的旅程这样一个比喻，形象的描述了我们的一生中可能要失去的人和遇见的人，并告诉我们生活的真正的意义。
84．句意：我们相信他们会一直在我们身边。
believe相信，后面常跟that引导的宾语从句；从句“that they will always travel by our side”是一般将来时，故主句用一般现在时。故填believe。
85．句意：其中许多人将会非常重要——我们的兄弟姐妹、朋友、孩子，甚至是我们生命中的挚爱。
and表示并列关系，brothers, friends, children皆为名词复数，故空格处也用名词复数；sister姐（妹），符合句意，复数形式sisters。故填sisters。
86．句意：有些人会搬到另一辆车上去一会儿然后回来。
for a while一会儿，固定短语。故填while。
87．句意：成功的构成是帮助、关爱、与所有乘客保持良好的关系以及确保我们尽力而为使他们旅途舒适/丰富多彩/愉快。
make sth. +adj.使某物怎么样；结合句意：……使他们旅途舒适/丰富多彩/愉快。故填comfortable/colourful/cheerful。
88．句意：把自己最好的一面奉献给他人，必要时包括我们的座位。
and表示并列关系，故空格处应是动词原形，与前面的动词live并列；offer提供，奉献，是动词，符合句意。故填offer。
89．句意：我们应该给那些将继续乘坐生命列车的人们留下美好的回忆。
leave behind留下，固定短语。故填behind。
（上海市鲁迅初级中学八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
If you think you are too shy and want to be a little braver, just try the f90． things:
Be open to others. Tell people you are shy. There is no need to h91． it. When they get to know you are a shy kid, they will understand you better. This also helps you feel more comfortable in talks.
Try to smile more. When you smile, people think you are friendly and e92． to talk with. Remember that other people have feelings, too. Most people will stay away from an angry-looking face.
L93． to be a good talker. If you find it hard to start a conversation, say something nice about people around you. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person
Get your attention elsewhere. Think more about ways to enjoy parties or games. Don’t w94． about your look or whether (是否) people like you or not. You will become relaxed and find it’s not so hard to talk with others.
Take one small step at a time. E95． time when you say“Hi!”or smile at someone, say to yourself “You can make it.” Keep trying and one day you’ll never feel shy when you talk to others.
【答案】
90．following
91．hide
92．easy
93．Learn
94．worry
95．Each / Every
【分析】
本文介绍了如何从害羞变得更加勇敢的方法。
90．句意：如果你觉得自己太害羞，想变得更勇敢一点，试试下面的方法。
根据句中things是名词，可知此处需要形容词对其进行修饰；根据下文中“Be open to others. Try to smile more.”可知，下文是可以使你变得更加勇敢的方法，所以此处是“试一试下面的方法”；following是形容词，意为“下列的”。故填following。
91．句意：没必要隐瞒它。
根据前一句“Tell people you are shy.”可知，告诉别人你很害羞，所以此处是“你没有必要隐瞒你很害羞的事实”；hide是动词，意为“隐藏，隐瞒”。故填hide。
92．句意：当你微笑的时候，人们会认为你很友好，很容易相处。
根据句中friendly是形容词和and是并列连词，可知此处需要形容词；根据句中“When you smile”可知，此处是“当你微笑的时候，人们会认为你很友好而且很容易相处”；easy是形容词，意为“容易的”。故填easy。
93．句意：学着成为一个健谈的人。
根据下一句中“If you find it hard to start a conversation, say something nice about people around you.”可知，如果你觉得很难开始谈话，说一些你周围人的好话，所以此处是“要学着成为一个健谈的人”；learn是动词，意为“学习”，learn to do sth.学着做某事。故填Learn。
94．句意：不要担心你的外表，或者别人是否喜欢你。
根据上一句中“Think more about ways to enjoy parties or games.”可知，多想一些方式享受派对或游戏，所以此处是“不要担心自己的外表或者担心别人是否喜欢你”；worry是动词，意为“担心”；worry about sth.担心某事。故填worry。
95．句意：每次你说“嗨”的时候 或者对别人微笑，对自己说“你能做到的”。
根据下一句中“Keep trying and one day you’ll never feel shy when you talk to others.”可知，保持尝试，总有一天，当你和别人说话的时候，你不会感到害羞，所以此处是“每次和别人打招呼或者对着别人微笑的时候，要告诉自己可以做到”；each time或every time都可以表示“每一次”。故填each/every。
（2021·上海普陀·八年级期中）Complete the passage with proper words, and the first letter is given (根据首字母填空).
Judy and her husband, John, loved books. Like many lovers of books, they s96． walked past a bookshop without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.
In order to realize their wish, they started by talking to bookshop o97． and researching book business. One figure(数据) caught Judy’s attention: she had read somewhere that about 20% of books sold were mysteries(推理小说), and many buyers of mysteries spent more than﹩300 a year on books. She and John were mystery readers and had a big collection of such books.
On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Café near their home. With three children in college, it was i98． for the couple to spend all the family’s money to start a shop. To cover the $100,000 cost, they used some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.
In order to attract(吸引) customers, Judy always had n99． ways. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered presents to mystery lovers and served dinner for book clubs that met in the shop. She also i100． many writers to discuss their stories with the buyers to let them understand the stories better. Now after paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, John and Judy together earn about $34,000.
“The job we love may not go hand in hand with lots of money,” said John. “We do this to give an e101． life to ourselves. This is not about making a lot of money. What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”
【答案】
96．(s)eldom
97．(o)wners
98．(i)mpossible
99．(n)ew
100．(i)nvited
101．(e)njoyable
【分析】
文章讲述了Judy和她的丈夫John都喜欢书，他们借钱开了家推理小说书店。Judy总能想出办法吸引顾客，虽然赚钱不多，但他们收获了幸福。
96．
句意：像许多爱书的人一样，他们路过书店时，很少不停下来看看里面。根据“Judy and her husband, John, loved books.”可知，这对夫妇喜爱书，因此经过书店时很少不进去看看，seldom表示“很少”，符合语境，故填(s)eldom。
97．
句意：为了实现愿望，他们开始和书店主人交谈并研究图书生意。根据“talk to”可知，交谈的对象是人，这里指书店主人，且为复数，owner表示“主人”，变复数为owners，故填(o)wners。
98．
句意：有三个孩子在上大学，这对夫妇不可能花掉家里所有积蓄去开店。根据“With three children in college”可知，他们的孩子还在上大学，因此花掉家里所有积蓄是不可能的，impossible表示“不可能”，符合语境，故填(i)mpossible。
99．
句意：为了吸引顾客，Judy总有新办法。此处应填形容词，修饰名词ways，后文主要讲述了Judy吸引顾客的具体方法，结合首字母可知，new“新的”符合语境，故填(n)ew。
100．
句意：她还邀请许多作家来和买家讨论故事，让他们更好地了解故事。此处缺少谓语动词，根据“many writers to discuss their stories”以及首字母可知，她邀请许多作家过来，invite表示“邀请”，时态为一般过去时，变过去式为invited，故填(i)nvited。
101．
句意：我们这么做是为了让自己生活愉快。此处是一个形容词，修饰名词life，根据“What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”可知，他们开书店是为了获得幸福快乐，结合所给首字母，enjoyable“愉快的”符合语境，故填(e)njoyable。
（2019·上海·八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给
Mrs. Green was 91 years old and she lived in an old People’s home. Every week she bought a t102．for the National Lottery. One day she won the first prize —twenty million pounds! The nurses didn’t know h103．to tell her, so they called her doctor.”Oh, dear me!” the doctor said. ”She has got a very w104．heart. The shock could kill her. If you tell her the news suddenly, she will have a heart attack and drop dead. I will go and tell her s105．.”
The doctor sat and talked with Mrs. Green about the weather for 5 minutes. Then he said,” Oh, by the way, there is a lot of news a106．the National Lottery prize. It is twenty million pounds this week.”
Mrs. Green laughed,” Do you know something about it I buy a ticket every week, of course I will n107． win, but it gives me something to think about.”
“Well,” said the doctor, ”what will you do if you win that much money ”
“I’ve thought about that a lot. I’ve no relatives and I’m 91 years old now. I don’t need that much money. You have been my doctor for 30 years and you have always been very kind. I would g108．half of it to you.”
At that news, the doctor had a heart attack and dropped dead.
【答案】
102．ticket
103．how
104．weak
105．slowly
106．about
107．never
108．give
【分析】
Green太太91岁了，她生活在一家养老院里。她喜欢买彩票，一次她买的彩票中了一等奖，有很多钱。她的护士和医生害怕她承受不了这样一个消息，决定让医生慢慢地把这个消息告诉她。医生问Green夫人如果中了奖会怎么办，Green太太说会把一半的钱给医生，结果医生心脏病发作死了。
102．句意：每周她都买国家彩票。
根据空后for National Lottery可知，这里说的是“买彩票”，故应填ticket，意为“票”。
103．句意：护士不知道怎样告诉她，于是他们给她的医生打电话。
根据空前后didn’t know…to tell her可知，这里考查疑问词+动词不定式结构，结合句意可知，Green太太中了一等奖，护士们不知道怎样把这个消息告诉她，故这里填how，意为“怎样”。
104．句意：医生说：“她的心脏很脆弱，这一击可能会要了她的命。”
根据下句话The shock could kill her.可知，这样的一击有可能要了Green太太的命，可见她的心脏是非常脆弱的，故这里填weak，意为“弱的，脆弱的”，是一个形容词，在句中作定语。
105．句意：我去慢慢地告诉她。
根据上文the doctor said. ”She has got a very w_____3_____heart. The shock could kill her. If you tell her the news suddenly, she will have a heart attack and drop dead.可知，医生觉得突然告诉Green太太中奖的消息，她会承受不了，所以医生会慢慢地告诉她这件事。故这里填slowly，意为“慢慢地”，是一个副词，修饰动词tell。
106．句意：然后他说：“哦，顺便说一下，有很多关于彩票中奖的消息。”
根据句意可知，这里表示“关于……的消息”，故应填about，是一个介词，与空后的the National Lottery prize构成介词短语，在句中作定语，修饰news。
107．句意：我每周都买一张彩票，当然我永远不会中奖，但它给了一些可以思考的东西。
根据句意和下句话用but转折可知，Green太太买彩票，从来没有想过会中奖，故这里应填never，意为“从不，永远不会”。
108．句意：我会把一半给你。
根据上下文I don’t need that much money. You have been my doctor for 30 years and you have always been very kind. …At that news, the doctor had a heart attack and dropped dead.可知，Green太太想把一半的钱送给她的医生，结果医生心脏病发作死了。故这里应考查give，意为“给”，空前是would，故这里填动词原形。
（2020·上海市川沙中学南校八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
False Bay is in South Africa. It is one of the best places in the world to see a great white shark. The great white shark is known for its size - - the largest sharks can grow to 6 meters in length and over 2,000 kilograms in w 109．. Great white sharks are meat-eaters. They catch large sea-animals like tuna (金枪鱼), seals (海豹) and even whales. Great white sharks also a 110． boats. Simon, a British researcher, was lucky to get away safely when a shark bit into his boat. About three people are killed each year by great white sharks.
The sharks come to hunt 60,000 seals that live in False Bay. In order to find fish, the seals have to cross the deep water of the bay - - this is where the sharks wait. Great white sharks are very good hunters. They wait b 111． the seals and then swim up and crash into them by surprise at 40 kilometers per hour, killing them with one bite.
Will a shark attack something that looks like food
Some researchers put a carpet in the shape of a seal in the water. At high speeds the sharks can’t tell the d 112． easily.
Can a shark choose between a plant and a fish
When scientists put tuna and sea - plant in the water, the shark bites into b 113．. Even though sharks eat meat, if a plant looks like an animal, the shark attacks.
These researchers show that great white sharks are dangerous animals which will chase anything that looks and acts like a fish. Unluckily, that means humans can also get bitten by mistake.
【答案】
109．weight
110．attack
111．below
112．difference/differences
113．both
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，分别从形体、速度、觅食等方面介绍了大白鲨的凶猛性和攻击性。
109．句意：大白鲨因其体型为人所知——最大的鲨鱼可以长到6米长、重逾2000公斤。
此处空在介词in之后，因此需要填写名词作宾语。根据句意，此处描写体型，前面提到length长度，因此后面自然是weight体重了。故答案为weight。
110．句意：大白鲨也会攻击船只。
根据前文提到的catch，后问题到的bit，此处又是字母a开头，所以应是“攻击”。故答案为attack。
111．句意：它们在海豹下面等待，然后游上来，以每小时40公里的速度突然袭击海豹，一口咬死它们。
根据后面提到的up，要上来肯定得先下去。故答案为below。
112．句意：一些研究人员在水中放置了一块海豹形状的地毯。在高速下，鲨鱼很难分辨两者的区别。
根据上一句“海豹形状的地毯”，所以此处指的是地毯和海豹的“区别”。difference既是可数名词也是不可数名词。故答案为difference/differences。
113．句意：当科学家把金枪鱼和海生植物放进水中时，鲨鱼会同时咬它们。
前面提到了“金枪鱼和海生植物”两种东西，此处需要代词“both”意为“两者都”。故答案为both。
（2019·上海市卢湾中学八年级期末） Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Andre McDonnell is an ordinary American. But he spends all his spare time handing out free shoes to the homeless. This 40-year-old man has given away over 5,000 pairs of shoes in less than three years.
Andre’s i114． is very simple: he collected new or gently used sneakers (篮球鞋) through donations (捐赠). And if they are d 115． , he will clean them first by himself. Once they are cleaned, Andre will hand out the shoes to the homeless.
It all s 116． three years ago, during a basketball game that Andre was playing with his friends. “I saw a homeless guy with no shoes on, so I left the ballgame. Then I took off my shoes and gave them to him. And he took them h 117． with a smile on his face,” Andre said, “As I walked away, I felt the stone under my own feet. Then I r 118． that there was something more that I could do.”
He then said, “I have always been the kind of person. For example, if I see homeless people and they say they’re hungry, I won’t give them money. I119． , I will take them to a restaurant and feed them,” he added, “The best feeling I get is to see homeless people in the shoes I gave them. And it may just make their walking in life a bit easier.”
【答案】
114．idea
115．dirty
116．started
117．happily
118．realized
119．Instead
【分析】
本文介绍了Andre McDonnell是位公益爱好者，他利用业余时间免费送鞋给无家可归者，迄今，他已经送出五千多双鞋。
114．句意：安德烈的想法很简单：他通过捐款收集新的或用过的运动鞋。
根据空后“he collected new or gently used sneakers through donations… 他通过捐款收集新的或用过的运动鞋……”可知这是他的想法或打算，结合首字母，可知应当是“idea想法，主意”，后面动词用is，所以应该是单数形式。故填idea。
115．句意：如果这些鞋子脏，他会首先自己清洗。
根据空后“he will clean them first by himself. 他会首先自己清洗” 结合首字母，可知只有脏的话才会去洗。dirty脏的。故填dirty。
116．句意：这都开始于三年前，在安德烈和朋友们打篮球的时候。
根据空后“three years ago”及本段最后“there was something more that I could do.”可知三年前他意识到他要做些事情，结合选项应该是“这些都开始于三年前”，并且是过去式。故填started。
117．句意：他脸上带着微笑，高兴地接过这双鞋。
根据空后“with a smile on his face脸上带着微笑”，结合首字母可知是“高兴地”；空前是“took them”，应该用副词修饰动词，happily高兴地。故填happily。
118．句意：然后我意识到我应该能做些什么。
根据前面句“As I walked away, I felt the stone under my own feet. 当我走开时，我感觉到我脚下的石头。”作者不穿鞋便想到无鞋子穿的人该有多么痛苦，所以他“意识到应该能做些什么”来帮忙解决问题。结合首字母及本文的时态是过去时，空处应该是意识到realized。故填realized。
119．句意：相反，我会带他们去餐馆吃饭。
根据空前“I won’t give them money.我不会给他们钱”及空后“I will take them to a restaurant and feed them, 我会带他们去餐馆吃饭。”这明显是不同的两件事，结合道字母应该是“相反instead”，位于句首应该大写。故填Instead。
（上海市民办华育中学八年级期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks wit专题14 阅读理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇专练
Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理
首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察
词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）
句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）
语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）
逻辑推断能力（确定词义）
前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）
解题思路
词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）
词义的判断（句意理解）
脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇
复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）
Ⅱ. 专题精讲
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
【案例分析1】
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【案例分析2】华二开学摸底卷
It’s a great but difficult project to set up a permanent human settlement on Mars. Over 200,000 volunteers from more than 120 countries have applied to take a one-way trip to Mars.
The project, run by a Dutch company named Mars One, aims to send a group of volunteers to Mars, and because of the physiological(生理上的) change in the human body after a stay on Mars, there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip ! However, that hasn’t stop volunteers becoming one of Mars’ first citizens. “This is turning out to be the most welcome job in history.” Says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.
Day-to-day life on Mars will be not easy. The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun. You can’t breathe the air and it is very cold on Mars, with an average temperature of around -50℃.There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”. As the first group of people living on Mars, volunteers should be “willing to building and keep a healthy r 86 with the Earth”. They also want volunteers who are “curious, creative, and good at finding ways of dealing with all kinds of problems”.
The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth, the company says. The first group of 24 volunteers is set to fly to Mars in 2004.
Ⅲ. 学法提炼
知识收获
首字母考查词性
解题思路、方法
重在句意理解、上下文分析
注意事项
二、方法总结
1. 通读全文, 通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。
2. 词性判定，逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法
3. 联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中。
4. 固定搭配、常识理解
5. 复查：
名词检查单复数
动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致等
形容词、副词检查形式、级别
连词检查逻辑关系
代词检查人称、数、格
介词检查句意、固定搭配和习惯用法
三、技巧提炼
通读全文，了解大意
2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。
3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。
（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）
4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌
专题专练20篇
一、短文首字母填空
（上海青浦·八年级期末） Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:
What are we teenagers nowadays crazy about Are we crazy about popular songs, Harry Porter books Are we crazy about sports or online games But for me, the a1．is history.
History is a part of my free time. Since I was ten, I have r2．many history books, collected old maps and visited museums. I always get excited when people around me talk about history. I have learnt a lot from history. It can o3．some ways to deal with the problems of growing up. History is my precious wealth (财富).
History helps me become mature (成熟). I believed that life was simple to understand in the past. N4．I know that I shouldn’t make simple judgments (判断). People are not “good” or “bad” and things are not “true” or “false”. History has also made me mentally stronger. I’m more r5．than before. For example, when I studied Chinese history between 1840 and 1949, it made me understand I must be a strong person and do my best to do things for China.
Francis Bacon wrote, “Histories make men wise”. I agree with that. If you know history, you respect (尊重) the past a6． you are confident about the future. History tells us where we came from, where we are now and where we are going in the future. This is just the charm of history.
（2020·上海田家炳中学八年级期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The life has been full of challenges (挑战) and difficulties. Life is not about the smartest person or the strongest person, or even the richest person. However, life is about having the mind in your heart “Never Give Up”, even when you feel that g7． up is the only choice. The world is waiting on your gifts.
Life won’t be the s8． without you.
You are important to this world and believe it or not, someone is waiting for you to enrich their lives. You are too important to the world to just give up.
What if you win.
You may feel that life is challenging you from time to time and you can’t take it anymore. You may want to give up right now. But here is a thought, what will h9． if you overcome the difficulties
Focus (集中) on the f10．.
When an Olympic runner is in a race, he or she is focusing on one thing-the finishing line. You have to focus on the big picture-not just where you are right now. Focus in where you want to be. Make an agreement with your mind and your mouth.
Life isn’t crystal stair.
One of my favourite poems is called “Crystal Stair” written by Langston Hughes. In that poem, a mother tells her son that life is h11．, you will meet rocks and hard places, but the e12． is victory to those who stand their ground and ride the course.
There is a rainbow after every storm.
Whatever you are facing, you can make it through. There is a rainbow on the o13． side of your situation. Stay strong, stay focused and never give up.
（2020·上海松江·八年级期中） Not everyone has a chance to be a detective, but I got one when I was thirteen years old. It happened in 2008.
One afternoon, I was walking down the street when I saw my father’s new car. I e14． to see my father in the driver’s seat, but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving i15．. “She has stolen my father’s car,” I thought. So I quickly stopped a taxi and got in. I said to the driver, “Follow that new car in front,” and I told him why.
The taxi driver had a car phone, s16． I asked him to call the police. Soon we heard the sound of a police car. The police told the woman to stop the car using a loudspeaker (喇叭). The taxi came to a stop, too. I got out right then and said to the woman, “This is not your car. It’s my father’s car.”
The woman wasn’t w17． at all, smiled and said, “Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right I’ve seen your p18． in your father’s office.”
Before I could say another word, the woman explained that she was my father’s new assistant. My father had asked her to take his computer to the shop to have it repaired. He lent her his car. A19． hearing this, we called my father and he told us what she said was true. The police and the taxi driver laughed. It was both the first and the last time I worked as a detective.
（2020·上海市进才中学北校八年级期中） Staying indoors during winter time can be uninteresting. You need to find some fun apps to play with. Here are a few good choices.
SpinMe
Is it hard for you to wake up on time every morning Are you often late for school If so, you may need an u20． alarm clock.
There are thousands of alarm apps, but SpinMe might be an effective one. You cannot turn its alarm off just by pressing a button. You need to stand up and turn around while h21． your phone in your hands. And turning the phone around when lying down on your bed won’t work. There is no o22． ways to turn it off.
You can also pick your favorite music for the alarm. It makes the clock more fun to use.
Star Walk 2
You may wonder what the stars are c23． when sitting in the yard and looking into the night sky. Star Walk 2 can give you the answers.
Just point your phone at the sky directly. The app tells you the names of of the stars. It also tells you the history and stories about them. If you move your phone, the app can give you more d24．. It also shows 3D
images of stars. You can move the images around with your finger and have a lock. It’s like having an astronomer in your pocket.
Safari Central
You don’t need to go to Africa to see wild animals. Safari Central brings nature to you on your mobile phone. The app can see w25． you are. It tells you if there are wild animals in your city.It also has 3D images of six wild animals, including elephants and bears. They look very real. You can take pictures with them. Using the app, you can s26． your pictures with your friends, as well as see their pictures.
Animal lovers can use the app to raise money for wild animals.
（2020·上海市民办新竹园中学八年级期中） Although most of us are now stuck at home due to the virus outbreak, there are many people trying to do some sports not only to kill time, but also to help themselves and others stay a27． during this difficult period.
Gymnasiums and breakfast courts are closed, so many of us choose to keep fit at home, which helps us i28． our immunity(免疫力).
Professional guide
Fitness apps are becoming more popular these days. Downloads of this kind of apps are growing rapidly, China Daily reported. For example, an online exercise platform called Be Fit offers online exercise lessons for people of different age. They’re easy to f29． and all you need is some basic fitness equipment, like a yoga mat. Some fitness c30． have had to shut up their business in their training ground. But they’ve encouraged their personal trainers to make videos and share them on social media platforms for people who exercise at home.
Online PE classes
Shanghai started online courses for students in March, including PE classes. PE teachers use live-streaming soft wares or record video clips a31． guidance for students. Li Xiao, a PE teacher, has made an exercise video for her students. She told us that she advised her students to make use of simple tools, such as plastic bottles to do the exercises. The exercise doesn’t require much s32． and is suitable for exercising at home.
（2021·上海市徐汇中学八年级期中） CHINA’S POST-00S ATHLETES (运动员) attracted a lot of attention at the Tokyo Olympics. They were calm, professional and strong in the competition.
The F33． Gold Medalist
Yang Qian took a gold medal of the 2020 Olympics on July 24 as a beginning of the Chinese team’s victory. The 21-year-old shooter a34． the top honor in the women’s 10-meter air rifle (女子十米气步枪) event.
Chinese people were proud of Yang’s victory. They were also delighted by h35． cute the girl looked. Everyone loved her baby face and lucky duck hair slip (发夹)!
The Swimming “Wonder Girl”
On July 26, after one gold and one silver, Li Bingjie won bronze (铜牌) in the women’s 400-meter freestyle (女子四百米自由泳) final. The 19-year-old hit the wall in 4:01.08. It was the second medal of the Chinese swimming army in Tokyo. Li was the first Chinese woman to have won the Olympic medals of a36． colors in this event.
The Calm Genius
Zhang Changhong took the last shooting gold of the Tokyo Olympics on August 2. With 466 points, he set a new world and Olympic r37． in men’s 50-meter rifle three positions (男子五十米步枪三姿). The 21-year-old kept calm d38． the competition. He stayed focused (专注的) on his position and action, rather than on the other competitors. That was p39． the secret to his success.
Remember these youthful faces who had their moments on the Olympic stage.
（上海市蒙山中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
My name is Lemuel Gulliver. I was born in England. At age of 16, when I was a y40．man, I studied to be a doctor. I worked in London at first, but it was not easy to make money there. I decided to work as a ship’s doctor. I liked t 41．and I made several voyages (航行) .
It was an interesting life. One ship I worked on was called the Antelope. Our voyage went very well at first, but one day there was a great storm. The ship hit the rock in the sea, and began to sink. I managed to j 42．into one of the ship’s lifeboats with some sailors, and we thought we were safe. Then there was a big wave, and the little boat turned over in the water. We all began to swim. I s43． lost sight of the other sailors, and I never saw them again. I think they all drown.
I swam for many hours in the water, and I was very t44．. All of a sudden I realized that no deep any more---- my feet touched the ground! I walked a long time, and then I came to the beach. It was evening, and I was exhausted (疲惫的). I fell a45．on the sand.
When I woke up it was morning. I tried to stand up, but I could not move at all. I raised my h46．a little, and I could see ropes on my body. They were tied very tightly. I did not know what had happen to me.
Then I saw a very small creature（生物）walking along my body. I looked again, and I was very surprised to see that this creature was a really tiny man!
（上海浦东新·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给)
Each time you're struggling with your school work or when you're busy with your term paper, these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need. The key to getting the most out of these online resources is to know h47． they can best be used to your advantage.
Facebook
A 48．Facebook can be one of your biggest time-wasters and distractions（干扰）when you are supposed to be getting work done, it can also be one of your best resources. Most of your classmates will probably have a Facebook account, so a49． you need to talk with is usually just a few clicks away.
Amazon.com
Do you finish every term with many expensive textbooks you will never open again Instead of letting the money spent go to waste, get back some of your cash by s50． your books on Amazon.
Choosing new classes can sometimes be like trying to pick out your clothes in the dark, which is a total guessing game. Which teacher gives out the hardest problem sets How much h51．will that history professor give you every week At , students all over the country rate(评价) their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.
Wikipedia
While Wikipedia isn't aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching. Wikipedia gives you a quick way to find sources and get the details of almost any topic you need to research – w52．walking to the library.
（上海市西延安中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Life decisions
Peter is twelve years old, and he’s a talented (有天赋的) artist. Ever since he was two, Peter spent hours drawing. As he got older. Peter learned to paint and now he wants to be the next Picasso! Peter’s sister. Molly, loves d53．. She’s only nine, but Molly has already decided to go to dance school and became a ballet dancer.
Peter and Molly’s parents don’t know what to do. They want the best for Molly and Peter, but they don’t a54． on how to do it. Mother thinks children should be allowed to make their own decisions. She was a good musician and wanted the chance to go to a music academy, but her parents didn’t support t55．. She attended a four-year college and gave up music to learn law. So she wants to give her own children a choice.
Father doesn’t think that children should be allowed to attend s56． arts schools right after high school. He says children should be educated at a four-year college. Many artists have difficult lives, and father didn’t want the children to have any regrets. If the children let their dreams get in the way of a traditional education, they may find it difficult to manage their lives later on.
When father was a teen, he didn’t want to go to college. He wanted to become a professional athlete. He was pretty good, but his parents believed he shouldn’t be allowed to skip college. So he went to college, studied P.E. and joined the track team. One day as a senior, he was running and he fell. He hurt his knee b57．. His dream of being a professional athlete was o58．. But he is thankful he had his education to back him up. Today Father is a P E. teacher and track coach.
（上海市上南中学八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Many of us now live in gated communities (封闭式社区). Only people who live there can go freely inside, and only their cars can pass through the gates. But are you hoping for a more open and c59． environment When gates and walls are gone, everyone can enjoy a city with better traffic, bigger green areas for picnics and more cafes and bookstores to meet your friend.
Turning gated communities into blocks is one way to a60． this, according to the Chinese government. On Feb 21, 2016, China said that gated communities should be open to the public.
Open communities have already become p61． in many cities of other countries, like Paris an New York City. There, the roads, shops and green areas are for everyone.
First, humans need communication and sharing. A good city needs to offer people enough space to do this.
A62． good change blocks may bring is better traffic in cities. There will be more roads open to the public. And more people may choose to walk rather than drive cars because they don’t need to take a long way to get around those gated communities.
However, not everyone likes this idea of open communities. Quite a lot of people say they have s63． money on the roads inside the communities. There may be too many people and cars coming and going. And they also worry about s64． problems when communities are open.
The Chinese government explained that the opening would be carried out (实施) step by step and more detailed p65． would come out in the future. Also, they have been testing blocks in some areas in Chengdu Sichuan, and so far it has been working well.
（上海普陀·八年级期末） Fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格处填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每个空一词，首字母已给）
When a man was walking by some elephants, he suddenly stopped. He wondered why these h66． animals were being held only by a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, no c67．. It was clear that the elephants could break the rope at any time, but for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. "Well," the trainer said, when they were b68． elephants ,we used the same rope to keep them from running away. At that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break the rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they n69． try to break free.
The man was surprised. These animals could break free whenever they w70．, but because they believed they couldn't. Therefore, they were stuck right where they were.
How many of us go through life like the elephants How many of us hold onto the belief that we don’t have the a71． to do something just because we failed at it once before
We should not give up trying when meet failures in life because they are a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn’t mean we can’t succeed.
（上海虹口·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods when two of them fell into a deep pit(坑). All the other frogs came around the pit. When they saw how d72． the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were dying. The two frogs wouldn’t listen to their words and tried to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. F73．, one of the frogs listened to what the other frogs were saying and gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog c74． to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the group of frogs shouted at him to give up and wait for the d75．. He jumped even harder and in the end he made it out. When he got out, the other frog asked: “Did you not hear us ” To their surprise, the frog explained to them that he couldn’t hear clearly. He thought they were encouraging him the w76． time.
Words have the power of life and death. An encouraging word spoken to someone who is down can lift them up and help them make it t77． their difficulties. A destructive word to someone who is down can sometimes kill that person. So always be careful of what you say.
（2020·上海·世泽中学八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的单词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Recently, a foreign student in China has given a very touching answer to the questions: What should China be proud of Lots of people have d78． it with great enthusiasm (热情) on the Internet.
Emma is from Canada, and she came to China four years ago. Now she is a university student in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. The following w79． are about what China is like in the foreign girl’s eyes.
“Finding a job in China can be very s80．. China offers more job chances than any other country in the world.”
“Its public security is also great. I’ve travelled to many countries, and I dare not (不敢) go out alone at night, but it’s different in China. I needn’t worry about my s81． at all, even at midnight.”
“Now about 400 million Chinese people are studying English. China has the largest number of English speakers in non-English speaking countries. It is quite an a82． number, isn’t it
“The speed of Chinese trains is high. During my third visit to my friend in Beijing, I chose to take a train to go there. It took seven hours to get to Beijing from Ningbo by train. From Ningbo to Beijing, the train runs 1,365 kilometers for only seven hours, which makes it more c83． for people to ply (定时往来) between the two cities.”
“I think there’ll be many more things China will be proud of. I strongly believe the big oriental country must be much better than other countries.”
（2020·上海浦东新·八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Life is like a journey on a train with its stations, with changes of routes and with accidents!
At birth we get on the train and meet our parents. They are the ones who give us tickets. We b84． that they will always travel by our side. However, at some station our parents will get off the train, leaving us on this journey alone.
As time goes by, other people will get on the train, many of whom will be important—our brothers, s85．, friends, children, and even the love of our life.
Many will get off during the Journey. Some will move to another car for a w86． and come back.
Many will go so unnoticed that we won’t even know when their seats are left empty.
This train ride will be full of happiness, sadness, expectations, hellos and goodbyes.
Success is made up of helping, loving, having a good relationship with all passengers, and making sure that we give our best of ourselves to make their journey c87．.
The question to everyone is: We do not know at which station we ourselves will get off. So, we must live in the best way--love, forgive, and o88． the best of ourselves to others, including our seats if necessary. It is because when the time comes for us to get off and leave our seats empty, we should leave b89． beautiful memories for those who will continue to travel on the train of life.
Thank you for being one of the passengers on my train. Have a very pleasant journey of life!
（上海市鲁迅初级中学八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
If you think you are too shy and want to be a little braver, just try the f90． things:
Be open to others. Tell people you are shy. There is no need to h91． it. When they get to know you are a shy kid, they will understand you better. This also helps you feel more comfortable in talks.
Try to smile more. When you smile, people think you are friendly and e92． to talk with. Remember that other people have feelings, too. Most people will stay away from an angry-looking face.
L93． to be a good talker. If you find it hard to start a conversation, say something nice about people around you. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person
Get your attention elsewhere. Think more about ways to enjoy parties or games. Don’t w94． about your look or whether (是否) people like you or not. You will become relaxed and find it’s not so hard to talk with others.
Take one small step at a time. E95． time when you say“Hi!”or smile at someone, say to yourself “You can make it.” Keep trying and one day you’ll never feel shy when you talk to others.
（2021·上海普陀·八年级期中）Complete the passage with proper words, and the first letter is given (根据首字母填空).
Judy and her husband, John, loved books. Like many lovers of books, they s96． walked past a bookshop without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.
In order to realize their wish, they started by talking to bookshop o97． and researching book business. One figure(数据) caught Judy’s attention: she had read somewhere that about 20% of books sold were mysteries(推理小说), and many buyers of mysteries spent more than﹩300 a year on books. She and John were mystery readers and had a big collection of such books.
On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Café near their home. With three children in college, it was i98． for the couple to spend all the family’s money to start a shop. To cover the $100,000 cost, they used some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.
In order to attract(吸引) customers, Judy always had n99． ways. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered presents to mystery lovers and served dinner for book clubs that met in the shop. She also i100． many writers to discuss their stories with the buyers to let them understand the stories better. Now after paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, John and Judy together earn about $34,000.
“The job we love may not go hand in hand with lots of money,” said John. “We do this to give an e101． life to ourselves. This is not about making a lot of money. What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”
（上海·八年级期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给
Mrs. Green was 91 years old and she lived in an old People’s home. Every week she bought a t102．for the National Lottery. One day she won the first prize —twenty million pounds! The nurses didn’t know h103．to tell her, so they called her doctor.”Oh, dear me!” the doctor said. ”She has got a very w104．heart. The shock could kill her. If you tell her the news suddenly, she will have a heart attack and drop dead. I will go and tell her s105．.”
The doctor sat and talked with Mrs. Green about the weather for 5 minutes. Then he said,” Oh, by the way, there is a lot of news a106．the National Lottery prize. It is twenty million pounds this week.”
Mrs. Green laughed,” Do you know something about it I buy a ticket every week, of course I will n107． win, but it gives me something to think about.”
“Well,” said the doctor, ”what will you do if you win that much money ”
“I’ve thought about that a lot. I’ve no relatives and I’m 91 years old now. I don’t need that much money. You have been my doctor for 30 years and you have always been very kind. I would g108．half of it to you.”
At that news, the doctor had a heart attack and dropped dead.
（2020·上海市川沙中学南校八年级期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
False Bay is in South Africa. It is one of the best places in the world to see a great white shark. The great white shark is known for its size - - the largest sharks can grow to 6 meters in length and over 2,000 kilograms in w 109．. Great white sharks are meat-eaters. They catch large sea-animals like tuna (金枪鱼), seals (海豹) and even whales. Great white sharks also a 110． boats. Simon, a British researcher, was lucky to get away safely when a shark bit into his boat. About three people are killed each year by great white sharks.
The sharks come to hunt 60,000 seals that live in False Bay. In order to find fish, the seals have to cross the deep water of the bay - - this is where the sharks wait. Great white sharks are very good hunters. They wait b 111． the seals and then swim up and crash into them by surprise at 40 kilometers per hour, killing them with one bite.
Will a shark attack something that looks like food
Some researchers put a carpet in the shape of a seal in the water. At high speeds the sharks can’t tell the d 112． easily.
Can a shark choose between a plant and a fish
When scientists put tuna and sea - plant in the water, the shark bites into b 113．. Even though sharks eat meat, if a plant looks like an animal, the shark attacks.
These researchers show that great white sharks are dangerous animals which will chase anything that looks and acts like a fish. Unluckily, that means humans can also get bitten by mistake.
（上海市卢湾中学八年级期末） Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Andre McDonnell is an ordinary American. But he spends all his spare time handing out free shoes to the homeless. This 40-year-old man has given away over 5,000 pairs of shoes in less than three years.
Andre’s i114． is very simple: he collected new or gently used sneakers (篮球鞋) through donations (捐赠). And if they are d 115． , he will clean them first by himself. Once they are cleaned, Andre will hand out the shoes to the homeless.
It all s 116． three years ago, during a basketball game that Andre was playing with his friends. “I saw a homeless guy with no shoes on, so I left the ballgame. Then I took off my shoes and gave them to him. And he took them h 117． with a smile on his face,” Andre said, “As I walked away, I felt the stone under my own feet. Then I r 118． that there was something more that I could do.”
He then said, “I have always been the kind of person. For example, if I see homeless people and they say they’re hungry, I won’t give them money. I119． , I will take them to a restaurant and feed them,” he added, “The best feeling I get is to see homeless people in the shoes I gave them. And it may just make their walking in life a bit easier.”
（上海市民办华育中学八年级期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.
A Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one a120．. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in a121． common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands f122． trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but n123． possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence d124． in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But b125． that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
