专题02 词汇知识梳理二：Unit4-Unit7
Unit4: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
1. ancient adj. very old; from a time long ago很久以前的；古老的，古代的
e.g. The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese.
中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。
I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves.
看到年轻一代的行为举止，我觉得我太老了。
【反义】modern adj. 现代的；现代化的
2．times 时代；时期
e.g. In Shakespeare's times, not many people could read．在莎士比亚时代，没有多少人认识字。
【近义】 age n. 时代
3．as 像……一样，正如
e.g. She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
【指点迷津：like, as】
like和as都有“像……一样”的意思。它们的区别是：
(l)like表示相似关系，但不等同；as指两者完全或几乎完全相同。
e.g. Look, I have wings just like you. 看，我和你一样有翅膀。
He works as a servant．他以一名仆人的身份工作着。
(2)as后接从句或省略的从句，但like后通常只接名词或代词。
e.g. I have the same idea as you have．我和你有相同的主意。
I have a new coat like hers．我有件和她的相似的新大衣。
(3)like常与系动词或代词搭配，如：look like，be like，like this，like that，like it。
as常与动词搭配，如：work as…，treat ...as
4．nearly 几乎，差不多
e.g. I'm nearly 16 –it’s my birthday next week. 我就快16岁了，下个礼拜是我生日。
【指点迷津：almost, nearly】
两词意思均为“几乎，将近，差不多”，当与动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时，意义相近，可互换。
e.g. It's nearly suppertime.=-It's almost suppertime，快开晚饭了。
almost可与no，none，never以及nothing等不定代词连用，而nearly则不可；nearly常用在含有not的否定句中，而almost则不可与not单独连用。
e.g. There’s almost no water left in the bottle. 瓶子里水快没了。
It is not nearly so pretty as it was before. 这儿远不及以前漂亮了。
5. count 数数；计数
e.g. Can the baby count from l to 100 这个小宝宝会从1数到100吗？
【知识扩展】 countable adj. 可数的；可计算的 countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的
6. invent v. 发明，创造
e.g. Who invented the plane 谁发明了飞机？
Thomas Edison invented the electric light. 托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯。
【知识扩展】 inventor n. 发明者；发明家 invention n.发明，发明物
Tomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors who invented a lot of things in his life.
托马斯·爱迪生是一生中发明了许多东西的伟大发明家之一。
His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.
他的六千项发明中，包括电灯泡、留声机和油印机。
【指点迷津：discover, invent, develop】
(1) discover指“发现”，是客观存在的事物经努力后而找到的。
e.g. Columbus discovered the new land-North America．哥伦布发现了北美新大陆。
(2)invent指“发明”，是原本不存在的事物经科学创造后诞生。
e.g. Edison invented the first light bulb．爱迪生发明了第一只灯泡。
(3) develop指“开发，发展”，是指在原有基础上进一步提高、改进。
e.g. The Indians first invented the number“0”，and developed the l to 9 number system.
印度人最早发明了0这个数字，从而发展了1至9这个数字系统。
7. calculate 计算
e.g. Can you calculate how much a holiday will cost 你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱？
【知识拓展】calculator n. 电子计算器
e.g. A calculator is a calculating machine which helps people to calculate faster and more accurately.
计算器是一种帮助人们用来更加快速、准确计算的机器。
【知识拓展】calculating adj. 计算的；与计算有关的；精明的
calculating machine计算机 calculating scale/ruler计算尺 a calculating businessman精明的商人
8. accurate 正确无误的；准确的，精确的
e.g. The witness gave an accurate description of the thief. 那个目击者准确描述了小偷的外貌。
【指点迷津 accurate, correct, exact】
这三个词均含“正确”的意思。
(1)accurate表示“准确的，精确的”，指“通过努力，使事情达到正确”。
e.g. He gave an accurate account of the accident. 他对事故做了准确的描述。
(2) correct为一般用语，指“正确的”。
e.g. He gave correct answers to the questions. 他为这些问题给出了正确的答案。
(3) exact表示“确切的，精确无误的”，指“与事实完全相符”。
e.g. His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。
9. electronic 电子的
e.g. electronic typewriter电子打字机 electronic watch电子表 electronic music电子音乐
Don't use an electronic dictionary in your English study. 在你的英语学习中不要使用电子词典。
10. add 加
e.g. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五得九。
Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。
【友情提示】在进行加法的描述时，我们常常说4 plus 3 equals/is 7，但千万不可用add去代替plus, add是个动词，而plus是个介词。
11. subtract 减
e.g. If you subtract 3 from 8, you get 5. 八减去三就得五。
【友情提示】我们同样也不能用subtract去代替minus。上面这句话我们换种方式说就是8 minus3 equals/is 5.
12. multiply 乘
e.g. 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. 6乘5等于30。
If you multiply 6 by 5, you get 30. 你用5去乘6，得到30。
13. divide除；除尽
e.g. 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5。
If you divide 30 by 6, you get 5. 如果你把30除以6，就得到5。
Three will not divide into eleven. 3除不尽11。
14. percentage 百分数；百分率；百分比
e.g. 40% is a percentage. 40%是个百分数。
【知识拓展】percent (或 per cent) n. 百分比，百分数：thirty percent 百分之三十
15. powerful 强大的；强有力的; 有力量的
e.g. The car has a very powerful engine. 这辆车有强劲的引擎。
The president is very powerful. 总统享有很大的权力。
【知识拓展】 power n. 能力，力量，权力
e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the power when you go out. 出去时别忘了关电源。
16．whole 完全的；完整的；全部的
e.g. He ate the whole cake. 他一个人吃了整个蛋糕。
We are going to Spain for a whole month. 我们要去西班牙一整个月。
【指点迷津 whole 与all】
whole意为“全部的，整个的”，强调没有任何一个部分可以被忽视或被拆去；在句子或短语中，可用在可数名词单数前，用在冠词、所有格、指示代词之后。all意为“全部的，所有的”，可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词; 在句子或短语中，用在冠词、所有格、指示代词之前。
e.g. all the night, the whole night整夜
All the students are here. 所有学生都未了。
The whole class are here. 全班同学都到齐了。
17. against 对着，对立；不喜欢，反对，防止，预防；靠着，倚着
e.g. They played a football match against a team from another country. 他们跟另一个国家的足球队比赛。
Many people are against the plan．很多人都反对这个计划。
Have you had an injection against the disease 你注射过针对这种疾病的预防针了吗？
Put the cupboard against the wall. 把这个橱柜放在靠墙的地方。
18. living 活着的
e.g. Some people say he is the greatest living writer. 有人说他是健在的最伟大作家。
【指点迷津 alive, live和living】
(1)通常情况下，alive作表语(be alive)，而living 一般放在名词前作定语用。
e.g. That great man is still alive. 那个伟人依然活着。
all living things 一切生物
Latin is not a living language。拉丁语不是现代语言。
(2)live也是“有生命的，活着的”之意，但往往指动物。
e.g. a live fish 一条活鱼
此外live还有“现场直播”的意思。
e.g. a live show现场直播的节目。
19. amazing 令人惊奇的
e.g. What an amazing embroidery!多么了不起的一幅刺绣作品！
It's amazing that you can't ride a bike．你不会骑车可真令人惊讶。
【知识拓展】 amaze v. 使吃惊 amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊奇的
e.g. Jack amazed everyone by passing the English exam.
杰克通过英语考试使我们每个人感到惊讶。
We were amazed by his change in his study. 我们为他在学习中的变化而感到吃惊。
【友情提示】 amaze的形容词有两个，一个是amazed，一个是amazing，但用法不同，通常人做主语时用
amazed，物作主语时用amazing。
e.g. It is an amazing game. 这真是一场令人惊奇的比赛。
I am amazed by his words. 我对他的话感到吃惊。
【例题】 用amazed, amazing填空
(1)1 think it is an___________ animal.
(2)1 am_________ how big the school is.
【教师】 (l)it作主语，形容词用amazing。 (2)I作主语，形容词用amazed.
【答案】 (1) amazing (2)amazed
20. instruction说明，指示，指令
e.g. Read the instructions on the box before you make the cake.
制作蛋糕之前请阅读一下盒子上的说明。
【例题】 -I don't know how to use this digital camera.
-It doesn't matter. Here is the——，
A. instruction B. direction . C, information D. advertisement
【教师】 句意：——我不知道怎么使用这个数码相机。——没关系，这儿有说明。instruction“说明”，direction“方向”，information“信息”，advertisement“广告”，根据句意应选A.
【答案】 A
II．本单元重点词组
decimal number小数 a pair of odd numbers一对奇数
at least至少 international language国际语言
in ancient times在古代 in many different ways用很多不同的方法
in tens以十为计；十进制 consist of由…组成；由…构成
calculating machines计算器 so… that…如此…以致于…
in a flash一瞬间 do a calculation计算
in one’s whole lifetime终身 living computer活电脑
an amazing brain惊人的头脑 solve the problem解决问题
find the answer得出答案 (be) made up of 由…组成
牛刀小试4
I. Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
1. Qian Xuesen is a Chinese scientist and he has an ________ brain. (amaze)
2. The sports car has a very ________ engine. (power)
3. Are there any________ things on the moon (live)
4. At________, I tried my best to help the lady, (little)
5. Study the ________ pictures carefully and write an essay, (follow)
6. It is an old ________ machine that is still used today. (calculate)
7. The steam engine is an important________ in the history. (invent)
8. It is ________ for me to use the computer to do a calculation. (easily)
【keys】1. amazing 2. powerful 3. living 4. least
5. following 6. calculating 7. invention 8. easy
II. Choose the right words or expressions to complete the sentences.
1. Mice will run away ________ a flash if they see a cat. (on/in)
2. Jenny White is a great girl________ a surprising brain. (has/with)
3. ________ (In/At) ancient times, people used abacuses to calculate and they nearly all counted _______ tens. (for/ in)
4. Sometimes you can't solve a problem _______ your whole lifetime. (in/on)
5. Nowadays, most of us can speak________ least two languages. (in/at)
【keys】1. in 2. with 3. In; in 4. in 5. at
III. Find the word or expression to replace the underlined part in the sentence.
A. in a short time B. finished C. solve D. accurate E. nearly
( ) 1. How to settle the problem is really a test for these children.
( )2. It is said that the project is to be completed in 2 years.
( ) 3. It is a mistake they almost always make.
( )4. The young boys ran out of the classroom in a flash.
( )5. The calculations made by the computer are always correct.
【keys】CBEAD
Unit5: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
1. encyclopaedia n. 百科全书
e. g. A dictionary explains words and an encyclopaedia explains facts. 词典解释词义，百科全书解释事实。
【友情提示】又作encyclopedia.
2. article n. 文章
e. g. Did you read the article about America in yesterday's newspaper 你看昨天报纸上关于美国的那篇文章了吗？
3. exist v. 存在，生存
e. g. The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. 罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。
The old lady exists only on coffee and bread. 老太太仅靠咖啡面包生活。
【常用搭配】exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在
exist in存在于……中
exist on靠……生活；靠……生存
【知识拓展】existence n. 存在，实在
e. g. When did this world come into existence 这世界是何时形成的？
4. gentle adj. 温和的，文雅的
e. g. He was a gentle, patient man who loved playing with his grandchildren.
他这个人既随和又有耐心，喜欢跟孙子孙女一起玩。
【知识拓展】gentleness n. 温顺，亲切，柔和 gently adv. 轻轻地，逐渐地
5. harmful adj. 有害的
e. g. The new drug has no harmful side-effects. 这种新药物没有副作用。
【反义】harmless adj. 无害的
e. g. Their dog seems fierce, but he's harmless. 他们家的那条狗看上去很凶，但不会伤人。
【友情提示】像harmful与harmless这样的形容词还有：useful-useless, helpful-helpless, careful-careless等。
6. fierce adj. 凶猛的
e. g. The tiger is a fierce animal. 老虎是一种很凶残的动物。
The famous boxer killed a fierce wolf with his bare hands.那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一只凶猛的狼。
【知识拓展】fiercely adv. 猛烈地，厉害地
e. g. Typhoons blew fiercely.台风猛烈地刮着。
7. skeleton n. 骨骼，骼髅
e. g. Tommy is so thin that he looks like a skeleton. 汤姆如此瘦，以致看上去瘦骨嶙峋。
A long illness made a skeleton out of him. 长期的疾病使他骨瘦如柴。
【知识拓展】be reduced to a skeleton瘦得皮包骨 be worn to a skeleton瘦得像骷髅
family skeleton家丑，见不得人的事 a walking skeleton骨瘦如柴的人
8. behind adv. 在后地
e. g. They walked behind. 他们在后面走。
She fell behind in my payments. 她付款逾期了。
Don't fall behind in class. 别在班上掉队。
My watch is running behind. 我的表慢了。
9. possible adj. 可能的；可能属实的
e. g. I'll help you if possible.可能的话，我会帮助你的。
Is it possible to get to the city by train, or must I take a bus
有可能坐火车到这个城市去吗？或者我是不是必须坐公共汽车？
【常用搭配】 as ...as possible尽可能……；do one's possible尽力，竭力；if possible如果可能的话
e. g. Come as early as possible. 尽可能早来。
10. even adv. 甚至，就连
e. g. Even the King and Queen experienced hardship during the war. 连国王和王后在战时都经受了苦难。
The patient never even tasted the food. 病人甚至对这食物连尝也没尝一下。
【友情提示】even意为“更，甚至”时，后可接形容词和副词的比较级。
e. g. This new software works even faster.这种新软件速度更快。
His house is even bigger than his mother's. 他的房子甚至比他妈妈的房子还大。
【例题】His socks are even than my shoes.
A. expensive B. expensiver
C. more expensive D. most expensive
【教师】even后接形容词的比较级，expensive是多音节词，它的比较级形式为more expensive，所以本题答案选C。
【答案】C
11. amusement n. 娱乐
e. g. She wouldn't hide her amusement at his foolish mistake. 对于他犯的愚蠢的错误，她不愿掩饰她的快乐。
Big cities have many amusements. 大城市有许多娱乐消遣活动。
【知识拓展】amuse v. 使发笑，使愉快 amused adj. 愉快的，开心的，好玩的 amusing adj. 有趣的
e. g. His funny appearance amused the baby. 他滑稽的外表把孩子给逗乐了。
Our visit to the museum made the trip more amusing. 我们的博物馆之行使旅游倍添情趣。
The baby was amused by the photographer. 那孩子被摄影师逗乐了。
12. create v. 创造
e. g. The company has created a new kind of engine. 这个公司创造了一种新型引擎。
We've created a beautiful new house from an old ruin. 我们把旧屋重建成一栋美丽的新房子。
【知识拓展】creation n. 创造；创作
creator n. 创造者；设计者
creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
13. character n. 角色
e. g. The main character in the film was the detective. 这部电影的主角是那个侦探。
I find all the characters in his new play very real. 我觉得他那出新戏中所有的人物都很真实。
14. mouse n. 老鼠，鼠
e. g. Does your cat catch mice well 你家的猫很会抓老鼠吗？
【常用搭配】a field/wood mouse野鼠 a house mouse家鼠
【友情提示】mouse还可以用来指“鼠标”。
15. deliver v.递送
e. g. Some new books have been delivered to the school. 一些新书已被送到学校。
The postman delivered two letters this morning. 这位邮递员今早送了两封信。
【知识拓展】delivery n. 递送，交付 deliverer n. 递送人
16. mail n. 邮件
e. g. Their mail is delivered to boxes on the roads near their factory.
他们的邮件就送到靠近他们工厂的马路边的信箱里。
Is mail kept at the post office until someone goes there to get it 是不是邮件保存在邮局等收件人来取呢？
A postman is someone who delivers mail.邮递员是送邮件的人。
【友情提示】mail无复数，泛指各种邮件。
17. real adj. 实际存在的，真实的
e. g. That is a real cat, not a toy. 那是一只真猫，不是玩具猫。
That old woman's a real dragon! 那老妇人确实是个凶恶的家伙！
【指点迷津】
(1) real暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西。
e. g. Don’t lose the bracelet；it's made of real gold. 别把手镯丢了，那是真金做的。
(2) true暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致。
e. g. He’s your father. It's true. 他是你父亲。这是真的。
II．本单元重点词组
look up 查阅 more than 超过;多于
millions of 数百万的 as small as chickens 小如鸡
some …, others … 一些……,另一些…… know about知道;了解
amusement park 游乐园 Disneyland Park 迪斯尼乐园
be created by 由……创造 be famous for 由……而著名
the way to be happy 快乐的方法 throw away 扔掉;抛弃
own as few things as possible 拥有尽可能少的东西 die out 灭绝；消失
see somebody doing something 看见某人正在做某事 leave…behind 遗留
die of 死于…
牛刀小试5
I. Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
1.People will visit the park—Disneyland in Shanghai soon. (amuse)
2.The rabbits are as as the sheep. (gently)
3.Some animals are . They are our good friends. (harm)
4.Though Tan Qianqiu has been for more than two years, we still remember him. (die)
5.Do you know anything about Diogenes, a famous Greek____________ (think)
6.Walt Disney was the of Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. (create)
7. How much do you know about the daily life in ancient______________ (Greek)
8. Although we often argue ,we are still friends. (fierce)
【Keys】1. amusement 2. gentle 3. harmless 4. dead 5. thinker 6. creator 7. Greece 8. fiercely
Unit6: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
1. captain n.船长，机长，舰长
e.g. The captain sent a message by radio for help. 船长用无线电发出求救信号。
2. naylgator n. 导航者，领航员
3. lost adj. 迷路的，迷失方向的
e.g. The little girl went for a walk and got lost. 小女孩去散步迷了路。
【知识拓展】 the Lost and Found失物招领处(用于招牌时，一般不用the) lost time浪费的时间
a lost sheep迷途的羔羊，罪人 feel lost不知所措 a lost city湮没无闻的城市 lost labour徒劳
4. land v. 靠岸，登陆
e.g. The plane landed at Beijing Airport飞机在北京机场降落。
The boat has landed. 船已抵达。
【知识拓展】 landing n. 着陆
e.g. The plane made a safe landing in a field.飞机在田地里安全着落。
5. unexplored adj. 未勘查过的
e.g. This is an unexplored area.这是一个未被探索过的领域。
The Moon was unexplored before Armstrong and Aldrin landed on it.
在阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林登陆之前，月球从未被探索过。
【反义】 explored adj. 探明的，勘察过的
6. pilot n. 飞行员
e.g. The pilot landed the plane safely.飞行员将飞机安全着陆。
7. cliff n. 悬崖，绝壁
e.g. The mountaineer broke a leg while climbing a cliff and was hospitalized for a month.
那位登山运动员在攀登悬崖峭壁时摔断了一条腿，住院治疗了一个月。
【知识拓展】 cliffside n. 悬崖的边或面
cliffsman n. 擅长攀登悬崖的人 cliffy adj. 陡峭的
8. smooth adj. 光滑的，平坦的; 平稳的
e.g. Babies have smooth skin.婴儿的皮肤都很光滑。
The weather was good so we had a very smooth flight. 天气很好，我们乘坐的飞机非常平稳。
【反义】 rough adj. 粗糙的，粗略的 uneven adj. 不平稳的，不平坦的
【知识拓展】 smoothly adv.平稳地
e.g. The engine is running smoothly now. 发动机现在运转得很顺畅。
9. storey n. 层
e.g. Our flat is on the 15th storey of a building with 32 storeys.
我们的公寓在一幢32层楼楼房的第15层。
【友情提示】亦作story，复数为stories。
10. approach v. 接近
e.g. The train slowed down as it approached the station. 火车在接近车站时减速。
【常用搭配】approach sb. on sth. 同／向某人就某事接洽／商量／交涉
11. partly adv. 部分，几分
e.g. I believe what she has said is partly true.我相信她刚才说的话一部分是真实的。
The window was partly open. 那扇窗打开了一点。
【知识拓展】 part adj. 部分的，局部的 n. 部分
12. monster n. 怪物；妖怪
e.g. In the film, the monster picked up the bus and threw it into the sea.
在影片中，怪物捡起公共汽车并将它抛入大海。
A monster attacked tne helpless villagers. 有个怪物袭击了手无寸铁的村民。
13. single adj.单一的；单身的
e.g. There is a single name on the blackboard--whose is it 黑板上只有一个名字，是谁的名字？
【指点迷津：single, only】
此二词均有“单一的，唯一的”之意。
(1)single强调“一个的，仅此一个的”。
e.g. He buys a single new coat each year. 他每年仅买一件新外套。
(2)only是常用语，着重“仅有一个（或一批）的”，含“不会再多的”之意。
e.g. This is the only example I can give you. 这是我所能给你的唯一例子。
14. roar n. 吼叫，怒号 v. 吼叫，怒号；咆哮
e.g. The lion gave a loud roar. 这只狮子大吼了一声。
The crowd roared their approval. 群众高声喊叫表示同意。
15. blood n. 血，血液
e.g. Your blood pressure is only a little high. 你的血压只是稍稍高了一点。
16. alien n. 外星人；外来物种 adj. 外星球来的
e. g. At noon today, a spaceship full of aliens landed in Zhongshan Park.
今天中午，一架满载外星人的飞船在中山公园降落。
They come from an alien planet. 他们来自另一个星球。
【指点迷津：alien, foreigner】
两者都有“外国人”的意思。
(1) alien指住在一个国家，但不是该国的公民，即侨民。
(2) foreigner指生于或来自他国者，尤指有不同语言、文化的人。
17. spring v. 跃出；突然弹出
e.g. He sprang out of his chair to greet his father. 他从椅子上跳起来迎接他父亲。
When she opened the box, a toy bear sprang out of it. 当她打开盒子的时候，一只玩具熊蹦了出来。
【知识拓展】 n. 春天
e.g. Spring, summer, autumn and winter are the four seasons of a year. 春、夏、秋、冬是一年的四个季节。
18. trap n. 圈套；陷阱
e.g. The police set a trap for the thieves. 警察设下了圈套捉小偷。
The farmer bought a trap to catch rats. 那农民买了只捕鼠器来抓老鼠。
【常用搭配】 fall into a trap落人圈套 set a trap for为……设下圈套
【知识拓展】 a mouse-trap捕鼠器；老鼠夹子
19. true adj.正确的，真实的；真正的
e.g. It's a true story. 那是一个真实的故事。
A true friend will always help you. 真正的朋友一定会有难相助的。
【常用搭配】 come true(指希望)实现
e. g. Her dream came true. 她的梦想成真了。
【知识拓展】 truly adv. 真正地 truth n. 事实
e.g. Tell me truly what you think. 实话告诉我你是怎么想的。
We found out the truth about her. 我们了解到了有关她的事实。
20. peace n. 和平, 和睦, 安宁，宁静，平静
e.g. War started again after eight years of peace. 八年的和平之后，战争又开始了。
All I want is some peace and quiet. 我所需要的就是一点安宁和清静。
21. favour n.善意的行为，恩惠
e.g. May I ask you a favour 我可以请您帮个忙吗？
Will you do me a favour and phone for me 你能否帮个忙给我打个电话？
【常用搭配】 in favour of赞成，支持
e.g. I am in favour of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。
22. trust v. 信任，信赖
e.g. Don't trust him--he's not telling the truth.不要相信他，他说的不是真话。
We trust him because we know he has never deceived anyone.
我们信任他，因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。
【近义】 believe v. 相信
【反义】 distrust v. 不信任；不相信
e.g. He's so suspiclous. He would distrust his own mother. 他这人疑心太重，连自己的母亲也不相信。
II．本单元重点词组
1. run out of 用完
e.g. We have run out of water. Please go and buy some. 我们没水了。请去买一些。
(1) run out of表示“从……跑出来”，当表示“用完”讲时，多用于过去时和进行时，其主语一般是人。
e.g. He ran out of the building just now. 他刚才从那栋高高的大楼里跑出来。
She is running out of money.她的钱就要花完了。
Three weeks passed. They ran out of their food and money. 三周过去了，他们的粮食和钱都用完了。
(2) run out短语不可用于被动语态，其主语一般是物。
e.g. My ink is running out. 我的墨水要用完了。
【例题】 Three men____________police uniform_____________out of the building five minutes ago.
A. with; ran B. in; ran C. with; were running D. in; are running
【教师】 根据five minutes ago的时间状语判断，此句用一般过去时，排除C、D两项，又因为in后面接衣服名词作定语，所以正确答案选B。
【答案】B
2. be close to离……近
e.g. Jack is close to the window. 杰克就在窗户旁边。
I live close to my office. 我住得离办公室很近。
She was hot so she sat close to the air-conditioner. 她很热，所以她坐在空调旁边。
3. two storeys high 两层楼高
e. g. The tree is two storeys high. 那棵树有两层楼高。
4. get out of 从……出去
e.g. The angry father asked his son to get out of the room. 那位生气的父亲叫他儿子滚出去。
【例题】 根据汉语提示完成句子。
Jim Smith_____________(从……出来)the lift every morning and walks to the bus stop.
【教师】 every morning表示时间的经常性，用于一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用其单数形式，所以正确答案填gets out of。
【答案】 gets out of
5. begin to do sth. 开始做某事
e.g. My mother begins to cook. 我妈妈开始做饭。
6. in peace 处于和平
e.g. The students in peace should study hard. 和平时代的学生应该努力学习。
【常用搭配】 come in peace怀着善意而来
e.g. Americans say they come to Iraq in peace. 美国人称他们是怀着善意来到伊拉克的。
7. in pieces变成碎片
e.g. John torn his son's exercise book in pieces with anger. 约翰一气之下把他儿子的练习本撕碎了。
8. do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
e.g. Would you like to do me a favour and pass me the book 麻烦你把书递给我。
9. turn our blood to ice 使我们毛骨悚然
e. g. The horrible film turned our blood to ice. 那场可怕的电影真叫人毛骨悚然。
He gave a roar that turned our blood to ice. 他的一声大吼使我们毛骨悚然。
10. look like 看上去像
相当于be like，但如果说“A看起来像B"用look like。说“A与B看起来一样”用look the same。
e.g. Lucy looks like her mother. 露西看上去像她妈妈。
Lucy and her mother look the same. 露西和她妈妈长得很像。
Now you look like yourself. 现在你看起来才像正常的你。
牛刀小试6
Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the given meanings
1. The pilot__________ the plane down gently.(bring)
2. There are three__________including the ground floor.(storey)
3. The hills above the valley are bare______________.(rock)
4. A typhoon is ______________. Take the flower pots inside.(approach)
5. The reason why one is fat is________overeating(part)
6. The bridge is made of ___________.(steel)
7. Every_____ house in town had been damaged.(single)
8. His short was covered in ____________.(bloody)
【Keys】1. brought 2. storeys 3. rock 4. approaching 5. partly 6. steel 7.single 8. blood
Ⅱ.Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence.
A) hopped B) approached C) pilot D) do me a favour E) earth-type F) glowing G) navigator
( ) 1. My father is the person who drives the spaceship.
( ) 2. The car slowed down as it came towards the crossroads.
( ) 3. The frightened kangaroo jumped through the window.
( ) 4. Captain King found the furniture in the cave was the same kind as that on the earth.
( ) 5. Can you do something kind for me
( ) 6. Not all the things shining in the dark are gold.
【Keys】1-6 CBAEDF
Ⅲ. According to the Chinese meaning, complete the following sentences.(根据汉语意思，完成下列句子）
所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。
All the fighters____ __________ ____________ the airport.
我听见狮子在笼中吼叫。
I_______ the lions_______ in their cages.
就中国而言，中国确实世界级生产车间，这是一个不争的事实。
In the case of China,____________ ___________ _______________the country has___________ become the word’s workshop.
他用一些乳酪来诱惑耗子
He used some cheese to__________ _________ _____________.
整个地球可以想象成一块巨大的磁石。
The earth may be __________ __________ as a giant________.
从飞机跳出，他们只花了一分钟时间。
It_______ them only one minute to_______ ___________ the plane.
【Keys】1. landed safely on 2. heard； roaring 3. it is true that, indeed 4. trap the rat 5.thought of; magnet 6. look, spring from
Unit7: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
1. immediately adv.立即；马上
e. g. I recognized her immediately. 我立刻认出了她。
He came immediately when he heard the news. 他一听到这个消息，马上就来了。
【近义】at once立刻，马上 right now立刻 right away立刻
【例题】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
They're leaving for Nanjing at once.
A. at the same time B. at that time C. right now D. just now
【教师】at once表示“马上，立刻”，at the same time意为“同时”，at that time意为“在那时”，right now意为“现在：此刻”，just now意为“刚才”，所以正确答案选C。
【答案】C
2. snore v. 打鼾
e. g. My father was snoring again. 我的父亲又在打呼噜了。
3. laser n. 激光
e. g. The laser beam cut a hole in the steel door in a few minutes.几分钟后激光束在钢门上开了个洞。
【常用搭配】a laser disc激光唱盘(LD)
4. torch n. 手电筒
e. g. My mother used a torch to see into the dark cupboard. 我母亲用一支手电筒照看黑暗的橱柜。
5. attract v. 吸引
e. g. Last night's concert was able to attract a big crowd. 昨晚的音乐会吸引了很多人。
【知识拓展】
attractive adj. 吸引人的；引人人胜的
e. g. She wears very attractive clothes. 她穿着漂亮的衣服。
attraction n. 吸引力，吸引人的事物
e. g. Purple Mount is one of the attractions in Nanjing. 紫金山是南京的名胜之一。
6. escape v. 逃脱；避开，溜走
e. g. The thief tried to escape from jail, but the police caught him. 那小偷试图要逃离监狱，但是警察逮住了他。
7. interrupt v. 打断；中断，妨碍
e. g. Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。
【知识拓展】interruption n. 阻断物，打扰
e. g. She spoke for 30 minutes without interruption. 她说了三十分钟，没有受到打扰。
8. weak adj. 虚弱的，无力的
e. g. Mary was weak after her illness. 玛莉病后很虚弱。
The light is so weak that you can't write here. 灯光太昏暗了，你不能在这里写东西。
【反义】strong adj. 强壮的，强大的
9. aim v. 对……瞄准
e. g. Mary aimed her camera at the bird and snapped the picture. 玛莉用相机对准了那只鸟，拍下了那个镜头。
【知识拓展】
aim n. 目标 v. 力求达到，旨在，针对
e. g. He went to London with the aim of finding a job. 他怀着找工作的目标去伦敦了。
You aim too high. 你太好高骛远了。
These approaches are aiming at improving their ability. 这些方法旨在提高他们的能力。
We aim to be there around six. 我们力求6点左右到达那里。
10. attack v. 进攻；攻击
e. g. The police dogs attacked the robber who fell to the ground. 警犬攻击那个跌倒在地上的劫匪。
11. damage v. 损害；伤害
e. g. The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
【知识拓展】damage n. 损坏，伤害
e. g. The storm didn't do much damage. 这场暴风雨没有造成很大损坏。
12. feel v. 摸，触，感觉，触摸
e. g. Feel this cloth. Is it made of silk or cotton 摸摸这块布，是丝制的还是棉制的？
【知识拓展】feeling n. 触觉，知觉，感觉 feeler n. 触角；触手
e. g. I can't understand why, but suddenly I had this feeling that something terrible was going to happen. 我说不清为什么，但我忽然预感到要出事了。
13. whisper v. 耳语；密谈
e. g. The two girls were whispering in the library. 这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。
【知识拓展】whisper n. 低语，耳语
e. g. She spoke in a whisper. 她低声说话。
14. panic v. (使)恐慌；（使）惊慌
e. g. The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 银行惊恐地抛售美元。
【友情提示】过去式和过去分词为panicked，现在分词为panicking。
【知识拓展】panic n. 惊恐
e. g. They were in a state of panic. 他们惊恐万状。
15. free adj. 自由的
e. g. Are you free tonight 你今晚有空吗？
【知识拓展】freedom n. 自由
e. g. The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays. 孩子们喜欢学校放假时的无拘无束。
16. finally adv. 最后；终于，
e. g. Our flight finally took off five hours later.我们的航班终于在五个小时后起飞了。
【知识拓展】final adj. 最后的
e. g. They are waiting for the final result. 他们正等着最后的结果。
17. maybe adv. 大概，或许
e. g. It’s clouding up. Maybe it'll rain this afternoon. 天阴了，今天下午也许有雨。
【指点迷津】maybe, may be
(1) maybe是副词，表示“大概，可能”的意思，在句中作状语，通常放在句首。
e. g. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket. 大概你把信放在衣服口袋里了吧！
(2)而may be是情态动词“may+系动词be”，may be是短语动词，是“可能是”的意思，在句中作谓语，通常放在句中。
e. g. You may be right. 你可能是对的。
18. figure n. 外形，轮廓
e. g. We could see a tall figure near the door. 我们可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。
II．本单元重点词组
1. lie down 躺下
e. g. He was very tired and lay down on his brother's bed.他非常累，于是就躺在他哥哥的床上了。
2. fall asleep入睡
e. g. My sister was very tired and fell asleep on the chair.我妹妹太困了，她坐在椅予上就睡着了。
【知识拓展】asleep是sleep的形容词形式，它不能作定语，只能作表语。
e. g. an asleep boy(X) He is asleep.(√)
类似fall asleep的表达还有be asleep.
【指点迷津】
(l)go to bed“去睡觉，上床睡觉”，表达的是动作，
e. g. It's nine。’clock．You should go to bed. 9点了，你该睡觉了。
(2) sleep入睡，睡着
e. g. Did you sleep well last night 你昨晚睡得好吗？
3. use one's brain 动脑
e. g. Use your brain and you will find a way. 动动脑子，你就能想出办法来。
4. go back to 回到
e. g. After finishing the work, John went back to his bedroom. 约翰做完工作就回到自己的卧室了。
5. make sure 确信，确定
e. g. Find some evidence and make sure that you are right. 找出一些证据来证明你是对的。
【知识拓展】
make sure of/about sth.
e. g. We must make sure of the time and place.我们必须弄清时间和地点。
make sure+(that)从句
e. g. Make sure that she turned off the gas. 确保她已经关掉煤气了。
make sure to do sth.
e. g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out. 在你出去之前一定要关掉收音机。
【例题】用所给词的适当形式填空。
Make sure (lock) the door before you leave.
【教师】本题考查make sure to do sth. 的用法，所以答案为to lock。
【答案】to lock
6. climb into 爬进
e. g. I forgot to take my key yesterday and I had to climb into the room from the window.
昨天我忘了带钥匙，就从窗口爬进了房间。
7. one by one 一次—个
e. g. The teacher asked the young children to go into the tube one by one.老师叫小孩一次一个地进人那通道。
8. be done for 完蛋
e. g. Those plants will be done for if you don't water them soon. 如果你不给那些植物浇水的话，它们都会很快死去。
9. go out
(1)熄灭
e. g. The fire has gone out. 火己熄灭。
(2)出门参加社交活动
e. g. He goes out drinking most evenings. 晚上他差不多都到外边喝酒。
(3)停止工作，罢工
e. g. Are we likely to gain anything by going out (on strike) 我们罢工能得到什么好处吗？
【知识拓展】go构成的常用词组：
go away离开 go ahead开始，进行
go by经过，过去 go over检查，复习
e. g. Please go away. I'm doing my homework. 请走开。我在做功课。
-Can I use your pen，please 我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？
-Go ahead. 用吧。
The holiday went by very quickly. 假期过得真快。
Go over the lesson again. 把功课再复习一遍。
10. be finished 被杀；被毁灭
e. g. The scandal means he’s finished in politics. 这一丑闻意味着他在政治上已身败名裂。
牛刀小试7
Ⅰ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1. She is an (attract) girl; we all like her.
2. (final)they won the game by working hard.
Captain King went back to the earth (safe) at last; he (save)himself.
Those roses (die) if you don't water them soon.
The (silently) of night was broken by the fire.
6. I got into a (panic) when I found the door was locked.
【Keys】1. attractive 2. Finally 3. safely; saved 4. will die 5. silence 6. panic
Ⅱ. Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence.
A) aimed B) panic C) Finally D) a safe place E) snoring F) attracted G) beam H) beside I) attacked
( ) 1. Be brave enough. Don't show great fear.
( ) 2. The little girl's attention was pulled by the colorful advertisement.
( ) 3. Eventually, we came back to the safety of the earth.
( ) 4. The cameraman quickly turned his camera at the guests.
( ) 5. They thought there would be no danger on the earth.
( ) 6. Billy sat next to Ruby.
( ) 7. Yesterday my father was ill and he was breathing noisily while he slept.
( ) 8. We found the only line of light from the torch gave little help in that dark cave.
【Keys】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. H 7. E 8. G专题02 词汇知识梳理二：Unit4-Unit7
Unit4: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
adj. 很久以前的；古老的，古代的
时代；时期
像……一样，正如
几乎，差不多
数数；计数
v. 发明，创造
计算
正确无误的；准确的，精确的
电子的
加
减
乘
除；除尽
百分数；百分率；百分比
强大的；强有力的; 有力量的
完全的；完整的；全部的
对着，对立；不喜欢，反对，防止，预防；靠着，倚着
活着的
令人惊奇的
说明，指示，指令
II．本单元重点词组
小数 一对奇数
至少 国际语言
在古代 用很多不同的方法
以十为计；十进制 由…组成；由…构成
计算器 如此…以致于…
一瞬间 计算
终身 活电脑
惊人的头脑 解决问题
得出答案 由…组成
牛刀小试4
I. Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
1. Qian Xuesen is a Chinese scientist and he has an ________ brain. (amaze)
2. The sports car has a very ________ engine. (power)
3. Are there any________ things on the moon (live)
4. At________, I tried my best to help the lady, (little)
5. Study the ________ pictures carefully and write an essay, (follow)
6. It is an old ________ machine that is still used today. (calculate)
7. The steam engine is an important________ in the history. (invent)
8. It is ________ for me to use the computer to do a calculation. (easily)
II. Choose the right words or expressions to complete the sentences.
1. Mice will run away ________ a flash if they see a cat. (on/in)
2. Jenny White is a great girl________ a surprising brain. (has/with)
3. ________ (In/At) ancient times, people used abacuses to calculate and they nearly all counted _______ tens. (for/ in)
4. Sometimes you can't solve a problem _______ your whole lifetime. (in/on)
5. Nowadays, most of us can speak________ least two languages. (in/at)
III. Find the word or expression to replace the underlined part in the sentence.
A. in a short time B. finished C. solve D. accurate E. nearly
( ) 1. How to settle the problem is really a test for these children.
( )2. It is said that the project is to be completed in 2 years.
( ) 3. It is a mistake they almost always make.
( )4. The young boys ran out of the classroom in a flash.
( )5. The calculations made by the computer are always correct.
Unit5: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
n. 百科全书
n. 文章
v. 存在，生存
adj. 温和的，文雅的
adj. 有害的
adj. 凶猛的
n. 骨骼，骼髅
adv. 在后地
adj. 可能的；可能属实的
adv. 甚至，就连
n. 娱乐
v. 创造
n. 角色
n. 老鼠，鼠
v.递送
n. 邮件
adj. 实际存在的，真实的
II．本单元重点词组
查阅 超过;多于
数百万的 小如鸡
一些……,另一些…… 知道;了解
游乐园 迪斯尼乐园
由……创造 由……而著名
快乐的方法 扔掉;抛弃
拥有尽可能少的东西 灭绝；消失
看见某人正在做某事 遗留
死于…
牛刀小试5
I. Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
1.People will visit the park—Disneyland in Shanghai soon. (amuse)
2.The rabbits are as as the sheep. (gently)
3.Some animals are . They are our good friends. (harm)
4.Though Tan Qianqiu has been for more than two years, we still remember him. (die)
5.Do you know anything about Diogenes, a famous Greek____________ (think)
6.Walt Disney was the of Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. (create)
7. How much do you know about the daily life in ancient______________ (Greek)
8. Although we often argue ,we are still friends. (fierce)
Unit6: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
n.船长，机长，舰长
n. 导航者，领航员
adj. 迷路的，迷失方向的
v. 靠岸，登陆
adj. 未勘查过的
n. 飞行员
n. 悬崖，绝壁
adj. 光滑的，平坦的; 平稳的
adv.平稳地
n. 层
v. 接近
adv. 部分，几分
n. 怪物；妖怪
adj.单一的；单身的
n. 吼叫，怒号
n. 血，血液
n. 外星人；外来物种 adj. 外星球来的
v. 跃出；突然弹出
n. 圈套；陷阱
adj.正确的，真实的；真正的
n. 和平, 和睦, 安宁，宁静，平静
n.善意的行为，恩惠
v. 信任，信赖
II．本单元重点词组
用完
离……近
两层楼高
从……出去
开始做某事
处于和平
变成碎片
帮某人一个忙
使我们毛骨悚然
看上去像
牛刀小试6
Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the given meanings
1. The pilot__________ the plane down gently.(bring)
2. There are three__________including the ground floor.(storey)
3. The hills above the valley are bare______________.(rock)
4. A typhoon is ______________. Take the flower pots inside.(approach)
5. The reason why one is fat is________overeating(part)
6. The bridge is made of ___________.(steel)
7. Every_____ house in town had been damaged.(single)
8. His short was covered in ____________.(bloody)
Ⅱ.Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence.
A) hopped B) approached C) pilot D) do me a favour E) earth-type F) glowing G) navigator
( ) 1. My father is the person who drives the spaceship.
( ) 2. The car slowed down as it came towards the crossroads.
( ) 3. The frightened kangaroo jumped through the window.
( ) 4. Captain King found the furniture in the cave was the same kind as that on the earth.
( ) 5. Can you do something kind for me
( ) 6. Not all the things shining in the dark are gold.
Ⅲ. According to the Chinese meaning, complete the following sentences.(根据汉语意思，完成下列句子）
所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。
All the fighters____ __________ ____________ the airport.
我听见狮子在笼中吼叫。
I_______ the lions_______ in their cages.
就中国而言，中国确实世界级生产车间，这是一个不争的事实。
In the case of China,____________ ___________ _______________the country has___________ become the word’s workshop.
他用一些乳酪来诱惑耗子
He used some cheese to__________ _________ _____________.
整个地球可以想象成一块巨大的磁石。
The earth may be __________ __________ as a giant________.
从飞机跳出，他们只花了一分钟时间。
It_______ them only one minute to_______ ___________ the plane.
Unit7: Key Words and phrases
Ⅰ. 本单元重点单词梳理
adv.立即；马上
v. 打鼾
n. 激光
n. 手电筒
v. 吸引
v. 逃脱；避开，溜走
v. 打断；中断，妨碍
adj. 虚弱的，无力的
v. 对……瞄准
v. 进攻；攻击
v. 损害；伤害
v. 摸，触，感觉，触摸
v. 耳语；密谈
v. (使)恐慌；（使）惊慌
adj. 自由的
adv. 最后；终于
adv. 大概，或许
n. 外形，轮廓
II．本单元重点词组
躺下
入睡
动脑
回到
确信，确定
爬进
一次—个
完蛋
熄灭
被杀；被毁灭
牛刀小试7
Ⅰ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1. She is an (attract) girl; we all like her.
2. (final)they won the game by working hard.
Captain King went back to the earth (safe) at last; he (save)himself.
Those roses (die) if you don't water them soon.
The (silently) of night was broken by the fire.
6. I got into a (panic) when I found the door was locked.
Ⅱ. Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence.
A) aimed B) panic C) Finally D) a safe place E) snoring F) attracted G) beam H) beside I) attacked
( ) 1. Be brave enough. Don't show great fear.
( ) 2. The little girl's attention was pulled by the colorful advertisement.
( ) 3. Eventually, we came back to the safety of the earth.
( ) 4. The cameraman quickly turned his camera at the guests.
( ) 5. They thought there would be no danger on the earth.
( ) 6. Billy sat next to Ruby.
( ) 7. Yesterday my father was ill and he was breathing noisily while he slept.
( ) 8. We found the only line of light from the torch gave little help in that dark cave.
