黄浦区2021-2022学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷
(满分：140分，考试时间：120分钟) 2021年12月
I.Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A.Husband and wife. B.Boss and assistant. C.Nurse and patient. D.Manager and customer.
2.A.At a post office B.At a flower shop. C.At a department store. D.At a bus station.
3.A.He is unemployed at present. B.He owns a company now.
C.He still works in the agency. D.He is unable to support his family.
4.A.At10:00. B.At10:20. C.At11:00. D.At11:20.
5.A.Satisfied. B.Relieved. C.Surprised. D.Excited.
6.A.The woman didn't post any postcard from Egypt.
B.The man has never collected any postcards.
C.The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D.The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
7.A.She can't afford that much for a trip.
B.She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C.She doesn't think 5,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D.She considers 5,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
8.A.He wants to buy the new car. B.He thinks his signature is necessary.
C.He has already signed a contract. D.He doesn't always say what he means.
9.A.The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B.The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D.The woman wasn't wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
10.A.Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B.Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C.Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D.Violence sports won't attract many people's interest in the long run.
Section B
Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11.A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B.To interest students in a community service project.
C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D.To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
12.A.Providing jobs for graduating students.
B.Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C.Offering tutorials to elementary school students.
D.Funding for a community service project.
13.A.He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.
B.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C.He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D.He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14.A.They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B.They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C.They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D.They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
15.A.They contain not too many chemical additives.
B.They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C.They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D.They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
16.A.They are allowed to move about and eat freely.
B.They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.
C.They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D.They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17.A.It was on a cross street. B.They had no time to see it.
C.It had no parking space. D.They weren't in favor of it.
18.A.It is too small in size. B.It blocks the air-conditioner.
C.It admits heat from the late afternoon sun.
D.It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
19.A.Parking and desk space. B.Parking and air-conditioning.
C.Privacy and cleanliness. D.A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
20.A.The one on 68th Street. B.The one on 72nd Street.
C.The one on 88th Street. D.The one on 80th Street.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Do Animals Dream
You can’t see your sleeping pets brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, 21_________ (call) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change 22_________ her eyes move under her closed lids. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs 23_________ (block) , so she can't run about.
Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, 24_________ (interrupt) their sleep paralysis，the state of being unable to act or function properly. 25_________ _________ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs at unseen enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!
What were they dreaming about Mostly,the dreaming cats seemed 26_________ (practise) important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.
In 27_________ study, Matt Wilson recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫)．One day, he left the brainwave recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills 28_________ were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals， scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish 29_________ not. (They’re not sure about birds.)
How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when 30_________ (lie) down.
A. cultivate B. reassuring C. opposing D. objective E. confidence F. evidence G. perceived H. functioning I. estimate J. existing K. scientism
Why doubt is essential to science
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 31_________ way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 32_________ beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe ,” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.”
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox is that science, when properly 33_________ , questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not 34_________ trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians
of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 35_________ as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 36_________ emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 37_________ as they may seem, in fact undermine the scientific process.
Scientists understand this, but in the 38_________ force between the public and science, there are two significant pitfalls. The first is a form of blind 39_________ — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 40_________ in the very existence of truth.
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
This era of "Industry 4.0" is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers,high-speed communication and artificial intelligence.This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can 41_________ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.
In the manufacturing industry,where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division,this will mean a(n) 42_________ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. 43_________ robots focused on single,fixed, high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4.0 machines are flexible,cooperative and can operate more independently, which 44_________ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.
For large-scale manufacturers,Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and 45_________ remotely.Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be 46_________ studied using what is known as "big data"analysis.This will help 47_________ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant,for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically 48_________ it.
For 49_________ manufacturing businesses,Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots.It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform 50_________ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes.This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for 51_________. While these machines are getting smarter,they are still not as smart as us.Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a 52_________ level,which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines,but designed by humans.
What's coming next is known as“deep learning'".Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to 53_________ what is the best action to take.The 54_________ is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making.A perfect example of deep learning was 55_________ by Google's AlphaGo software,which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.
41.A.compare with B.adapt to C.pick out D.hold on
42.A.extensive B.accidental C.convenient D.dramatic
43.A.Traditional B.Removable C.Fashionable D.Potential
44.A.temporarily B.thoroughly C.eventually D.initially
45.A.arranged B.evaluated C.monitored D.composed
46.A.gradually B.collectively C.similarly D.approximately
47.A.identify B.reserve C.exploit D.indicate
48.A.dominating B.imposing C eliminating D.scheduling
49.A.high-speed B.mass-produced C.small-to-medium D.multi-cultural
50.A.multiple B.feasible C.profitable D.independent
51.A.promotions B.improvements C.highlights D.resolutions
52.A.separate B.peculiar C.narrow D.mysterious
53.A.come up with B.account for C.give way to D.make decisions about
54.A.difference B.commission C.phenomenon D.expectation
55.A.introduced B.described C.prepared D.demonstrated
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
For thousands of years,the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.In fact,until a place has a church and a pub,it is not really considered a community worthy of a name.Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town,since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news.They are institutions at the heart of British society.After all,the word 'pub' is actually short for 'public house'.
As a result, British pubs arc often old and well preserved.Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit.One of the most famous examples is the pub in the city of called 'Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem,which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England.It was the same year in which King Richard the First came into power,who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem.
Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria,but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens.Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society.On a cold night,the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
That's how it used to be,but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change.Economic downturns, governmental financial measures, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that,in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs,which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then.
This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11pm.Previously,with 11pm as closing time,customers would have to drink quite quickly,meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. This British habit of drinking is known as 'bingedrinking', and it causes long-term health problems for individuals and problems with violent crime for communities.The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of drinking too much.
56.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A.British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world.
B.British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life.
C.Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans.
D.Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban.
57.Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11pm
A.To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks.
B.To help British pubs survive economic downturns.
C.To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs.
D.To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain.
58.The term“binge drinking'"in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe
A.drinking too much and too quickly
B.social problems related to British pubs
C.a new long-term drinking approach
D.problems caused by drinking too much
59.What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage
A.Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs.
B.Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking.
C.The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs.
D Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones.
(B)
The Coming Series
Express Yourself!-The Art of Cartooning
Time:Thursday,January 6,18:30
Welcome to the first event in our new series, Express Yourself! We will explore many forms of personal self-expression and discuss how and why people create things and have hobbies.Join William Denham, an American diplomat stationed in Shanghai.Outside of the office,Will's main artistic hobby is drawing cartoons. His cartoons have been displayed in two shows in Shanghai. He will discuss his hobby,what it means to him,and help take participants on their own cartooning journey.This entertaining and interactive event is open to all-- including those with no drawing or cartooning experience.Be sure to bring your favorite pen or pencil, a notepad or sketchpad,and a creative attitude.
Breaking Barriers:
The NHL's Trailblazer
Willie O'Ree
Time:Wednesday,January 12,18:30
Join us to watch and discuss the award-winning documentary,Willie,inspired by the story of Willie O'Ree who,in 1958,became the first black player in the National Hockey League (NHL).Willie tells the story of an extraordinary life and triumph over adversity. It also examines larger issues such as race,equality,inclusion,community,and so on. Through goal setting, hard work,and perseverance, Willie overcame many barriers and paved the path for talented hockey players,regardless of race,to play at the highest level.Please register to learn about this groundbreaking sports figure.
American Short Fiction:
Writing Our Stories x The Yellow Wallpaper
Time:Tuesday,February 15,18:30
Quick to read and easily shared, the short story is said to be the literature of our times.We invite you on a journey to get to know some of the best short stories in American literature.
The Yellow Wallpaper,by American author Charlotte Perkins (Stetson) Gilman,was first published in 1892 but persists in American culture as a literary touchstone.While it is a horror story on its surface, a careful reading reveals deeper themes of gender equality and the importance of self-expression.And in this time of global situation,it reemerges as a study on the effects of isolation.Join American diplomat Peter Fasnacht to discuss these themes and their connections to American society.Please read the story ahead of the talk.You can find the story here.
Online registration is capped at 40 for each event.RSVP http://shpas012121.
*The discussion will be conducted in English.
60.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the first event
A.William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participants.
B.The participants will explore various forms of personal self-expression.
C.Drawing or cartooning experience isn't a must for the participants.
D.The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.
61.What can we infer from the coming series
A.The story of Willie O'Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.
B.The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergency.
C.Those who haven't registered online are also welcome to the events.
D.Applicants had better have a good command of English.
62.Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage
A.Arts and literature B.Books and films
C.Entertainment and interaction D.Heroes and achievements
(C)
Ellen Weiss can hardly see.David Schmitt can barely hear.Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows Not really.Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice,age 30,and Schmitt a medical student,26.They have been assigned roles,ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients.It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors:lack of sympathy.“Residents are usually young and healthy."says Dr.Stephen Brunton."They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through."
Role-playing programs give them a crash course.At Hunterdon, students’ faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on:gloves cripple fingers,and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks:purchasing medication at the drugstore,undressing for X rays, filling out a Medicare form and,most awkward,using the bathroom themselves. At Long Beach,new residents assume made-up illnesses and check into the hospital for an overnight stay.The staff treats them as they would any other patient,even sending them a bill.The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them.Some are even subjected to an indignity:spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking.“But by the end of a few hours,most say, “I'm exhausted."observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon Schmitt discovered that "a major accomplishment was doing up my collar."And,to his surprise,“I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up."Weiss also learnt:“I realized how little I talk to patients.I might ask them about chest pains but not 'Can you get dressed,eat O.K, take your medicine ""Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit,suffering from“chest pains."Instead he spent a sleepless night:"People were coming in to do labs,the man in the next bed was groaning,and the heart monitor was bleeping,which was noisy and scary."
Any patient could have told him so,but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy.Doctors have long defended taking a cool,dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout.But critics disagree.“By concentrating on symptoms and lab data,we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well-being,"observes Dr.Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
63.According to the passage,the role-playing programme is designed _____ .
A.as an innovative part in the local community
B.as part of the play the residents have to watch
C.to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients
D.to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way
64.What does the phrase "the ersatz invalids"in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.
B.Students who make up their faces to look aged.
C.Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.
D.Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.
65.The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they
A.fill in a Medicare table
B.are using the washroom on their own
C.are issued bedpans and told to try them
D.meet with someone they know well
66.What can be concluded according to the passage
A.Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.
B.Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and the previous lab data.
C.Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients 'health only by focusing on symptoms.
D.Experience in role-playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment.
Section C
Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process. B. Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups. C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community. D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds. E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension,discrimination and poverty. F Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments.Social Integration-Welcoming the Newcomers
Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact,come together or are incorporated within a community.Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society,and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community.How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society
A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic,social,political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society.67_________ This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life.There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races,and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social,cultural,economic and political activities.
Integration takes place in neighborhoods, work places,schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. 68_________Especially among the younger children,being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports,community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance.From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause.Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration.In fact,sport can strengthen social networks and promote non-violence and respect. In these ways,meaningful relationships among those of different ages,racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.
69_________ Still,countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped Instead,it should be better managed so that migration is safe,legal and beneficial for everyone.70_________ Indeed,the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities,while maintaining their identities.
IV.Summary Writing
71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice
It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance and seniority.In some cases,the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor.Nevertheless,seniority is a standard that has never been left out.However,in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.
Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time,new people are more likely to generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets,innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market.To meet their needs,companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas.Thus,rather than promoting existing employees,it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.
An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.Simply put,no matter how long they have been with the company,employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder.As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person,employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry.As a result,they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.
第Ⅱ卷（共40分）
V.Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.
72.必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。(prevent)
73.事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。(There)
74.教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。(effort)
75.随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。(that)
VI.76.Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是启明中学高三学生李华，你的朋友发邮件告诉你他正在和同学一起筹划明年暑假的毕业旅行，已设计了两个初步方案（具体如下），但选择哪个方案更合适尚未定夺，他想听取你的建议。请给B训回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1)推荐其中一个方案：
2)通过比较两个方案的信息，说明你推荐该方案的理由。
相关信息 方案一 方案二
时间 2022年6月下旬 2022年7月中旬
时长 1日游 5日游
地点 上海某个郊区 上海周边某省
经费 500元 3000元
黄浦区2021学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷参考答案
I.Listening Comprehension
1-5 DCBBC 6-10 CADBC 11-13 BCD 14-16 CBC 17-20 DCAB
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21.called 22.that 23.are blocked 24.interrupted 25.Even though/if 26.to be practising
27.another 28.that/which 29.do/may 30.lying
Section B
31.D 32.J 33.H 34.A 35.G 36.F 37.B 38.C 39.K 40.E
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.A 51.B 52.C
53.D 54.A 55.D
Section B
56-59 BCAC 60-62 DDA 63-66 CBBC
Section C 67-70 DBAE
IV.Summary Writing
71.Nowadays,more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages.One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas,which helps companies adapt to the market.The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion,which helps enhancing employees' work level.(59words)
V.Translation
72.Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus.
73.There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed.
74.Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality-oriented education,cultivating students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities.
75.With the advancement of times,many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use.
