人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册：Unit1 Science and Scientists知识点 学案
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册：Unit1 Science and Scientists知识点 学案 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-15 23:27:57 | ||
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Unit 1 science and scientists知识清单
1． 重点单词
1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的，严厉的-- severely adv. 很严重地；极为恶劣地
《1》严寒: severe coldness
《2》严重的伤势: severe injuries
《3》严重的社会问题: severe social problems
《4》严重的破坏:severe damage
《5》It’s a rule that cruelty to animals is __severely____(severe) punished in England.
2. frustrated adi 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的——使懊恼，使沮丧frustrate v ---frustrated adi 令人沮丧的
《1》受到挫折:get frustrated
《2》因、、、而灰心丧气: be frustrated at
《3》They tried every possible way to handle the _frustrating (frustrate) situation.
《4》虽然出了问题，但我们都没有感到失望或沮丧。
Although things go wrong, none of us feel disappointed or frustrated.
3. contradictory adj 相互矛盾的，对立的；不一致的--- contradict v. 反驳；与、、、 相矛盾-- contradiction n 抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法------self-contradictory 自相矛盾的
《1》矛盾信息: contradictory information
《2》互相矛盾的陈述：contradictory statements
4. infection n 感染；传染—infect v 使感染；传染 --- 传染性的：infectious
《1》受到感染：have an infection
《2》患上感染/传染病：suffer from/get/develop an infection
《3》治疗感染: treat an infection
《4》感染上、、、: be infected with
《5》小心把伤口清理干净，这样不会被感染。
Clean the wound cautiously so it doesn’t get infected_______
5. subscribe v 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期缴纳（会费）----订阅者subscriber --订阅subscripyion
《1》同意；赞同: subscribe to
《2》赞同一个理论: subscribe to a theory
《3》订阅杂志:subscribe to a magazine
《4》办理订阅: take out a subscription
《5》我个人从来都不同意一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。
I’ve personally never subscribe to the view that either sex is superior to the other.
6. suspect vt/vi 怀疑、不信任 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象----怀疑suspicion ----感觉可疑的:suspicious
（1）怀疑某人某事: suspect sb of sth
《2》警告某人某事:warn sb of sth
《3》控告某人某事：accuse sb of sth
《4》治愈某人的某种疾病:cure sb of sth
《5》告知某人某事: inform sb of sth
《6》使某人相信某事：convince sb of sth
《7》我最好的朋友怀疑我泄露了她的秘密。
My best friend suspected me of giving away her secret.
7. blame vt.把、、、、归咎于；责怪；指责 n 责备；指责
《1》因（做）某事而责备某人:blame sb for sth
《2》把某事归咎于某人: blame sth on sb
《3》应承担责任，该受责备: be to blame for
《4》对某事负责；承担责任: accept/ bear/ take the blame for
《5》把某事的责任推到某人身上:put/ lay the blame for sth on sb
8. link n 联系；纽带 vt把、、、连接起来；相关联
《1》把、、、和、、、联结起来: link..to/with
《2》与、、、有联系/有关: be linked with/to
《3》、、和、、之间的联系:links between…and…
《4》儿童的行为与其父母的教育存在着密切的联系。
This is a close link between the children’s behavior and their parents’ education.
9. decrease n 减少；降低；减少量 vt/vi (大小，数量等)减少；减小；降低—increase v增加，增长 n. 增加，增长
《1》减少到: decrease to
《2》减少了: decrease by
《3》在减少: on the decrease
《4》在增加: on the increase
《5》参观人数一直在稳步下降。
There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors.
10. transform vt 使改观；使改变形态 vi 改变；转变
《1》把、、变为、、transform…into sth
《2》用、、来改变、、transform ..with…
《3》我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。
I’ll fully aware that it’s the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me
11. cast vt ( cast/cast) 投射；向、、、投以（视线。笑容等）；投掷
《1》扔掉，抛弃:cast away
《2》抛弃，丢弃，废除: cast aside
《3》解缆；丢弃，抛弃: cast off
《4》研究克隆的科学家们发现多利得的疾病更容易发生在老年的羊身上，这使他们很沮丧。
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
《5》他的尖锐言论和悲观态度给会议蒙上了阴影。
His sharp remarks and pessimistic attitude_ cast a shadow on the meeting.
12.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
《1》把、、倒入、、中: pour.. into..
《2》倒掉、、、pour away
《3》（雨）倾盆而下: pour down
《4》下滂沱大雨: pour with rain
《5》在两个盘子里倒少许酱汁，然后把肉排放整齐。
Please _pour______ a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.
13. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解----- defence n.防御，保护，保卫；防御物
《1》保卫、、、免受、、、defend against/from
《2》为某人辩护: in one’s defence
《3》对。。。的防御物: a defence against
《4》每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都致力于保卫这条山脊。
Every man who could fight is now committed to defending the ridge.
14. gifted adj 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的--- gift n.天赋，天才，才能
《1》在、、、方面有天赋/才华: be gifted in/at
《2》具有、、、:be gifted with
《3》有、、、天赋: have a gift/talent for
《4》He has a sense of humor, and is gifted (gift) with a sharp business brain.
15. shift n 改变；转换；轮班 vi/vt 转移；挪动；转向
《1》轮班: by shifts
《2》把、、、从、、、移动/搬到、、、shift from、、to、、、
《3》他停了下来，将手杖移到左手。
He stopped, _shifting his walking stick to his left hand.
2． 重点短语
1. Once and for all 最终地；彻底地
Above all 最重要的是；尤其是
《1》 首先（强调顺序）: first of all
《2》 总共: in all
《3》 毕竟，终究: after all
《4》 到底，根本: at all
《5》 一点也不，完全不: not at all
《6》 这是回报时刻。我最终证明了我能成为冠军。
This is payback time. I’ve proved once and for all I can become the champion.
《7》 我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能能够继续学习。
We go to school, above all, to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
2. Thanks to 幸亏；由于
《1》because of 多亏；因为；由于
== due to
== on account of
== owing to
《2》多亏了那位教授，我喜欢上了英语，并且对自己有了信心。
Thanks to the professor, I fell in love with English had confidence in myself.
3. Break out ( 战争，打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
《1》 强行进入；插话；打断:break in
《2》 强行闯入；突然开始（笑，唱等）:break into
《3》 分解；出故障；(计划等)失败；垮掉:break down
《4》 突围；突破:break through
《5》 分解，关系的破裂: break up
《6》 战争爆发时他毫不犹豫地参了军。
He joined the army without hesitation when the war broke out.
4. In charge of 主管；掌管
《1》 负责，主管（动词短语）: take charge of::
《2》 负责、主管（介词短语）:in charge of
《3》 为某物向某人收费:charge sb for sth
《4》 指控某人某事: charge sb with sth
《5》 免费: free of charge
《6》 眼下这个有强烈责任感的人负责学校的工作。
The man who has a strong sense of responsibility is in charge of the school’s work.
5. Come down 患病；染上（小病）
《1》 可归结为：（风俗，习惯）流传到: come down to
《2》 如果任何人不幸得了传染病，他应该进行隔离。
If anyone unluckily comes down with an infection, he should keep himself separated.
3． 重点句式
1. Have sth done 使某事被、、、、（可能是主语自己做，也可以是让别人做）：（主语）遭遇/经历某种不幸的事
教材原句
《1》 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
句式仿写
《2》 我们把机器修好了，结果我们按时完成了任务。
We had the machine repaired, As a result we completed the task on time.
2. Should have done (过去本应该做（而实际上未做）
教材原句
《1》 这个时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些实质性的工作。
This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
句式仿写
你早就应该告诉我这个事故。
You should have told me about the accident so before.
3. Since 引导原因状语从句
教材原句
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
句式仿写
我永远在减肥，因为我很容易长胖。
I’m forever on a diet, since I put on weight easily.
4. Once 引导的时间状语从句
教材原句
《1》错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非恒态理论是正确的。
Once the mistakes were corrected , it showed that the Big Bang theory—not the steady state theory –was true.
《2》 一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么做了。
We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone,
1． 重点单词
1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的，严厉的-- severely adv. 很严重地；极为恶劣地
《1》严寒: severe coldness
《2》严重的伤势: severe injuries
《3》严重的社会问题: severe social problems
《4》严重的破坏:severe damage
《5》It’s a rule that cruelty to animals is __severely____(severe) punished in England.
2. frustrated adi 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的——使懊恼，使沮丧frustrate v ---frustrated adi 令人沮丧的
《1》受到挫折:get frustrated
《2》因、、、而灰心丧气: be frustrated at
《3》They tried every possible way to handle the _frustrating (frustrate) situation.
《4》虽然出了问题，但我们都没有感到失望或沮丧。
Although things go wrong, none of us feel disappointed or frustrated.
3. contradictory adj 相互矛盾的，对立的；不一致的--- contradict v. 反驳；与、、、 相矛盾-- contradiction n 抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法------self-contradictory 自相矛盾的
《1》矛盾信息: contradictory information
《2》互相矛盾的陈述：contradictory statements
4. infection n 感染；传染—infect v 使感染；传染 --- 传染性的：infectious
《1》受到感染：have an infection
《2》患上感染/传染病：suffer from/get/develop an infection
《3》治疗感染: treat an infection
《4》感染上、、、: be infected with
《5》小心把伤口清理干净，这样不会被感染。
Clean the wound cautiously so it doesn’t get infected_______
5. subscribe v 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期缴纳（会费）----订阅者subscriber --订阅subscripyion
《1》同意；赞同: subscribe to
《2》赞同一个理论: subscribe to a theory
《3》订阅杂志:subscribe to a magazine
《4》办理订阅: take out a subscription
《5》我个人从来都不同意一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。
I’ve personally never subscribe to the view that either sex is superior to the other.
6. suspect vt/vi 怀疑、不信任 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象----怀疑suspicion ----感觉可疑的:suspicious
（1）怀疑某人某事: suspect sb of sth
《2》警告某人某事:warn sb of sth
《3》控告某人某事：accuse sb of sth
《4》治愈某人的某种疾病:cure sb of sth
《5》告知某人某事: inform sb of sth
《6》使某人相信某事：convince sb of sth
《7》我最好的朋友怀疑我泄露了她的秘密。
My best friend suspected me of giving away her secret.
7. blame vt.把、、、、归咎于；责怪；指责 n 责备；指责
《1》因（做）某事而责备某人:blame sb for sth
《2》把某事归咎于某人: blame sth on sb
《3》应承担责任，该受责备: be to blame for
《4》对某事负责；承担责任: accept/ bear/ take the blame for
《5》把某事的责任推到某人身上:put/ lay the blame for sth on sb
8. link n 联系；纽带 vt把、、、连接起来；相关联
《1》把、、、和、、、联结起来: link..to/with
《2》与、、、有联系/有关: be linked with/to
《3》、、和、、之间的联系:links between…and…
《4》儿童的行为与其父母的教育存在着密切的联系。
This is a close link between the children’s behavior and their parents’ education.
9. decrease n 减少；降低；减少量 vt/vi (大小，数量等)减少；减小；降低—increase v增加，增长 n. 增加，增长
《1》减少到: decrease to
《2》减少了: decrease by
《3》在减少: on the decrease
《4》在增加: on the increase
《5》参观人数一直在稳步下降。
There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors.
10. transform vt 使改观；使改变形态 vi 改变；转变
《1》把、、变为、、transform…into sth
《2》用、、来改变、、transform ..with…
《3》我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。
I’ll fully aware that it’s the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me
11. cast vt ( cast/cast) 投射；向、、、投以（视线。笑容等）；投掷
《1》扔掉，抛弃:cast away
《2》抛弃，丢弃，废除: cast aside
《3》解缆；丢弃，抛弃: cast off
《4》研究克隆的科学家们发现多利得的疾病更容易发生在老年的羊身上，这使他们很沮丧。
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
《5》他的尖锐言论和悲观态度给会议蒙上了阴影。
His sharp remarks and pessimistic attitude_ cast a shadow on the meeting.
12.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
《1》把、、倒入、、中: pour.. into..
《2》倒掉、、、pour away
《3》（雨）倾盆而下: pour down
《4》下滂沱大雨: pour with rain
《5》在两个盘子里倒少许酱汁，然后把肉排放整齐。
Please _pour______ a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.
13. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解----- defence n.防御，保护，保卫；防御物
《1》保卫、、、免受、、、defend against/from
《2》为某人辩护: in one’s defence
《3》对。。。的防御物: a defence against
《4》每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都致力于保卫这条山脊。
Every man who could fight is now committed to defending the ridge.
14. gifted adj 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的--- gift n.天赋，天才，才能
《1》在、、、方面有天赋/才华: be gifted in/at
《2》具有、、、:be gifted with
《3》有、、、天赋: have a gift/talent for
《4》He has a sense of humor, and is gifted (gift) with a sharp business brain.
15. shift n 改变；转换；轮班 vi/vt 转移；挪动；转向
《1》轮班: by shifts
《2》把、、、从、、、移动/搬到、、、shift from、、to、、、
《3》他停了下来，将手杖移到左手。
He stopped, _shifting his walking stick to his left hand.
2． 重点短语
1. Once and for all 最终地；彻底地
Above all 最重要的是；尤其是
《1》 首先（强调顺序）: first of all
《2》 总共: in all
《3》 毕竟，终究: after all
《4》 到底，根本: at all
《5》 一点也不，完全不: not at all
《6》 这是回报时刻。我最终证明了我能成为冠军。
This is payback time. I’ve proved once and for all I can become the champion.
《7》 我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能能够继续学习。
We go to school, above all, to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
2. Thanks to 幸亏；由于
《1》because of 多亏；因为；由于
== due to
== on account of
== owing to
《2》多亏了那位教授，我喜欢上了英语，并且对自己有了信心。
Thanks to the professor, I fell in love with English had confidence in myself.
3. Break out ( 战争，打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
《1》 强行进入；插话；打断:break in
《2》 强行闯入；突然开始（笑，唱等）:break into
《3》 分解；出故障；(计划等)失败；垮掉:break down
《4》 突围；突破:break through
《5》 分解，关系的破裂: break up
《6》 战争爆发时他毫不犹豫地参了军。
He joined the army without hesitation when the war broke out.
4. In charge of 主管；掌管
《1》 负责，主管（动词短语）: take charge of::
《2》 负责、主管（介词短语）:in charge of
《3》 为某物向某人收费:charge sb for sth
《4》 指控某人某事: charge sb with sth
《5》 免费: free of charge
《6》 眼下这个有强烈责任感的人负责学校的工作。
The man who has a strong sense of responsibility is in charge of the school’s work.
5. Come down 患病；染上（小病）
《1》 可归结为：（风俗，习惯）流传到: come down to
《2》 如果任何人不幸得了传染病，他应该进行隔离。
If anyone unluckily comes down with an infection, he should keep himself separated.
3． 重点句式
1. Have sth done 使某事被、、、、（可能是主语自己做，也可以是让别人做）：（主语）遭遇/经历某种不幸的事
教材原句
《1》 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
句式仿写
《2》 我们把机器修好了，结果我们按时完成了任务。
We had the machine repaired, As a result we completed the task on time.
2. Should have done (过去本应该做（而实际上未做）
教材原句
《1》 这个时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些实质性的工作。
This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
句式仿写
你早就应该告诉我这个事故。
You should have told me about the accident so before.
3. Since 引导原因状语从句
教材原句
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
句式仿写
我永远在减肥，因为我很容易长胖。
I’m forever on a diet, since I put on weight easily.
4. Once 引导的时间状语从句
教材原句
《1》错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非恒态理论是正确的。
Once the mistakes were corrected , it showed that the Big Bang theory—not the steady state theory –was true.
《2》 一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么做了。
We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone,