人教版（2019） 必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and traditions课件+学案（10份打包）

(共29张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
听说培养·重在基础
[发音技巧]
连读规律
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重。
1．“辅音＋元音”型连读
连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
eg. Let me have～a look～at～it.
Put～it～on, please.
Not～at～all.
2．“r/re＋元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
eg. They're my father～and mother.
There～are some books on the desk.
Here～is a letter for you.
3．“辅音＋半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。
eg. Thank～you.
Nice to meet～you.
Could～you help me, please
4．“元音十元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以元音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
eg. She wants to study～English.
How～and why did you come here
She can't carry～it.
[技法指导]
推断目的、意图
目的、意图是我们做事的根据和理由，说话也是如此。我们说的每一句话，都会有一个目的或意图，即使平时聊天，至少也带有消磨时间的目的。在对话中，说话者有时不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过谈话中所提到的事实，客观地使对方信服某种观点。与方式、心情、态度一样，说话者的目的、意图也可从谈话的内容、语音、语调中体现出来。
[典例]　What can we say about the woman
A．She's generous.
B．She's curious.
C．She's helpful.
[听力原文]
M：Hello! Do you have the best of Mozart
W：Er...Sorry. We've just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call when the CD arrives.
[分析]　此题考查谈话者的目的意图，话题为购物。虽然CD卖完了，但是女售货员帮助男士订购，而且到货后还会通知男士。由此可见，女士愿意帮忙且服务热情周到。故答案为C项。
[对点演练]
听音练题
1．What is the backyard being used as now
A．A garden.　　　　　　
B．A storage place.
C．A swimming pool.
2．What is the woman probably
A．A reporter. B．A teacher.
C．A student.
3．When does the conversation take place
A．At 8：45. B．At 9：00.
C．At 9：30.
B
A
C
4．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Forest fires.
B．Human activities.
C．Natural mysteries.
5．How does the man feel about the woman's proposal
A．Worried. B．Interested.
C．Puzzled.
A
B
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词和短语
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人　individually adv.分别地；各自地
(教材P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于单个词的意思。
get individual attention 获得个别关注
the rights of the individual 个人权利
词语拓展：
the needs of the individual customer 每位顾客的需求

即学即练　单句语法填空
①__________ (individual) or groups may enter one of the following categories.
②Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student __________ (individual)．
Individuals
individually
2.be similar to和……相似
(教材P38)Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu？你觉得为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜相像？
be similar in 在……方面相似
be the same as 与……相同
The two cars are very similar in size and design.这两辆汽车的大小和设计都非常相似。
My teaching style is similar to that of most teachers.我的教学风格和大多数老师的相似。
I think his pronunciation is similar to that of the native.我认为他的发音和本地人相似。
词语拓展：
be different in 在……方面不同
be different from 与……不同
(1)A and B are different in colour.
A和B颜色不同。
(2)A is different from B in colour. 在颜色方面A不同于B。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①At our factory there are a few machines similar ________ those described in this magazine.
②The two men are similar ________ appearance.
③In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different ________that in the UK.
④I bought some new shoes which ________________ (与……非常相似) a pair I had before.
⑤Paul __________ (在……方面相似)appearance to his brother.
to
in
from
are very similar to
is similar in
3.allow sb./sth. to do sth.允许某人/某物做某事　被动结构：sb./sth. be allowed to do sth.
(教材P38)His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.他的家乡不允许比这些历史上的建筑更引人注目的其他建筑存在。
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
sb./sth. be allowed to do... 某人/物被允许做某事，但不可说allow to do...
具有同样用法的词有：
permit doing sth.允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某事
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
即学即练　单句语法填空
①His parents won't allow him _________ (stay) out late, which belongs to a family rule.
②You are allowed an hour ____________ (complete) your collection of evidence individually.
③Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
④We don't allow ________ (smoke) here.
to stay
to complete
to stay
smoking
4.Achilles' heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
pull sb.'s leg 同某人开玩笑
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
over the moon 欣喜若狂
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
be child's play 极容易做；轻而易举
an early bird 早起的鸟
Adam's Achilles' heel is that he is not confident.亚当的致命弱点是他不自信。
I'm sorry I accidentally spilled your tea, but there's no need to fly off the handle.
对不起，我不小心打翻了你的茶水，不过也不必大发脾气。
His performance was so funny that we laughed our heads off.
他的表演太滑稽了，我们笑得前仰后合。
—Do you want to know what he said？你想知道他说什么了吗？
—Go on—I'm all ears.讲吧，我洗耳恭听。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃/捷足先登。
归纳拓展：
laugh one's head(s) off 大笑不止，狂笑不已
(a) fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
last straw救命稻草
a wet blanket扫兴的人
a lucky dog幸运儿
a tough nut难对付的人
green fingers园艺技能
即学即练　完成句子
①“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”
—Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self－confidence is his ________________， I am afraid.
②你说真的，还是逗我玩的？
Are you for real, or are you just ________________？
③被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers, she felt like a ________________.
Achilles' heel
pulling my leg
fish out of water
第二版块|典型句式
过去分词短语作后置定语
(教材P39)Read this part of the poem “If—” written by British poet Rudyard Kipling.
读英国诗人拉迪亚德·吉卜林的诗“If—”中的这一部分。
[句式分析]　written by British poet Rudyard Kipling是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the poem “If—”。
误区警示：
①单个的过去分词＋被修饰词
被修饰词＋过去分词短语
②及物动词的过去分词→表示被动、完成
不及物动词的过去分词→只表示完成
a broken vase一只被打碎的花瓶(被动、动作已完成)
a retired teacher一位退休教师(动作已完成)
③过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句
the guests invited(＝who had been invited) to the party受邀参加聚会的那些客人

即学即练　单句语法填空
①Most colleges now offer first－year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
②Our class won first prize in the English oral competition ______ (hold) this Monday.
③The most hopeful data ________(share) in the report shows clear evidence...
designed
held
shared
课时达标·随堂自测
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is a descendant of Confucius, so he is not interested in western__________ (哲学)．
2．The power of the ________ (个人)is limited, while the power of the masses is infinite.
3．We interviewed each chief ________ (单个的)member in the community.
4．The chief editor thought it was ___________(尴尬的)to ask some personal questions in an interview.
5．Are you ________ (熟悉的)with the idiom “Achilles' heel”？
philosophy
individual
individual
embarrassing
familiar
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Let's practise ________ (use) context clues to guess the meaning of new words.
2．A palace is a place. They are similar ________ each other in appearance, but different in pronunciation.
3．The accident scene is surrounded by the police to search for the evidence________the accident.
4．Her next goal is to start a charity website________(raise)money for children in poor countries.
using
to
of
to raise
5．Any individual ________ the knowledge of his own country's history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
6．What do you know about Confucius' ideas ______ education
7．He offered us help in time, without ________ we could not have made any achievements.
8．Students from different countries are working ________ (creative) to protect a temple in China.
without
on
which
creativelyUnit 4 History and Traditions
先 知
核 心 单 词 重 点 短 语 单 元 语 法 单 元 写 作
individual; kingdom; chief; puzzle; nearby; defence; legal; surround; evidence; achievement; location, battle; port; fascinating; charge; announce; amount; gallery; approach; ensure; landscape; generous; position; eager; poet; county; roll; cattle; ocean; greet; beer; custom; crowd join...to...; break away (from sb./sth.); belong to; as well as; keep your eyes open (for) 过去分词作定语和宾补 景点介绍
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
[发音技巧]
连读规律
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重。
1．“辅音＋元音”型连读
连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
eg. Let me have～a look～at～it.
Put～it～on, please.
Not～at～all.
2．“r/re＋元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
eg. They're my father～and mother.
There～are some books on the desk.
Here～is a letter for you.
3．“辅音＋半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。
eg. Thank～you.
Nice to meet～you.
Could～you help me, please
4．“元音十元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以元音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
eg. She wants to study～English.
How～and why did you come here
She can't carry～it.
[技法指导]
推断目的、意图
目的、意图是我们做事的根据和理由，说话也是如此。我们说的每一句话，都会有一个目的或意图，即使平时聊天，至少也带有消磨时间的目的。在对话中，说话者有时不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过谈话中所提到的事实，客观地使对方信服某种观点。与方式、心情、态度一样，说话者的目的、意图也可从谈话的内容、语音、语调中体现出来。
[典例]　What can we say about the woman
A．She's generous.
B．She's curious.
C．She's helpful.
[听力原文]
M：Hello! Do you have the best of Mozart
W：Er...Sorry. We've just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call when the CD arrives.
[分析]　此题考查谈话者的目的意图，话题为购物。虽然CD卖完了，但是女售货员帮助男士订购，而且到货后还会通知男士。由此可见，女士愿意帮忙且服务热情周到。故答案为C项。
[对点演练]
听音练题
1．What is the backyard being used as now
A．A garden.　　　　　　
B．A storage place.
C．A swimming pool.
2．What is the woman probably
A．A reporter. B．A teacher.
C．A student.
3．When does the conversation take place
A．At 8：45. B．At 9：00.
C．At 9：30.
4．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Forest fires.
B．Human activities.
C．Natural mysteries.
5．How does the man feel about the woman's proposal
A．Worried. B．Interested.
C．Puzzled.
第一版块|核心单词和短语
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人　individually adv.分别地；各自地
(教材P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于单个词的意思。
get individual attention 获得个别关注
the rights of the individual 个人权利
词语拓展：
the needs of the individual customer 每位顾客的需求
即学即练　单句语法填空
①________ (individual) or groups may enter one of the following categories.
②Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student ________ (individual)．
2.be similar to和……相似
(教材P38)Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu？你觉得为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜相像？
be similar in 在……方面相似
be the same as 与……相同
The two cars are very similar in size and design.这两辆汽车的大小和设计都非常相似。
My teaching style is similar to that of most teachers.我的教学风格和大多数老师的相似。
I think his pronunciation is similar to that of the native.我认为他的发音和本地人相似。
词语拓展：
be different in 在……方面不同
be different from 与……不同
(1)A and B are different in colour.
A和B颜色不同。
(2)A is different from B in colour. 在颜色方面A不同于B。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①At our factory there are a few machines similar ________ those described in this magazine.
②The two men are similar ________ appearance.
③In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different ________that in the UK.
④I bought some new shoes which ________________ (与……非常相似) a pair I had before.
⑤Paul ________________ (在……方面相似)appearance to his brother.
3.allow sb./sth. to do sth.允许某人/某物做某事　被动结构：sb./sth. be allowed to do sth.
(教材P38)His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.他的家乡不允许比这些历史上的建筑更引人注目的其他建筑存在。
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
sb./sth. be allowed to do... 某人/物被允许做某事，但不可说allow to do...
具有同样用法的词有：
permit doing sth.允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某事
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
即学即练　单句语法填空
①His parents won't allow him ____________ (stay) out late, which belongs to a family rule.
②You are allowed an hour ____________ (complete) your collection of evidence individually.
③Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
④We don't allow ________ (smoke) here.
4.Achilles' heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
pull sb.'s leg 同某人开玩笑
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
over the moon 欣喜若狂
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
be child's play 极容易做；轻而易举
an early bird 早起的鸟
Adam's Achilles' heel is that he is not confident.亚当的致命弱点是他不自信。
I'm sorry I accidentally spilled your tea, but there's no need to fly off the handle.
对不起，我不小心打翻了你的茶水，不过也不必大发脾气。
His performance was so funny that we laughed our heads off.
他的表演太滑稽了，我们笑得前仰后合。
—Do you want to know what he said？你想知道他说什么了吗？
—Go on—I'm all ears.讲吧，我洗耳恭听。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃/捷足先登。
归纳拓展：
laugh one's head(s) off 大笑不止，狂笑不已
(a) fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
last straw救命稻草
a wet blanket扫兴的人
a lucky dog幸运儿
a tough nut难对付的人
green fingers园艺技能
即学即练　完成句子
①“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”
—Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self－confidence is his ________________， I am afraid.
②你说真的，还是逗我玩的？
Are you for real, or are you just ________________？
③被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers, she felt like a ________________.
第二版块|典型句式
过去分词短语作后置定语
(教材P39)Read this part of the poem “If—” written by British poet Rudyard Kipling.
读英国诗人拉迪亚德·吉卜林的诗“If—”中的这一部分。
[句式分析]　written by British poet Rudyard Kipling是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the poem “If—”。
误区警示：
①单个的过去分词＋被修饰词
被修饰词＋过去分词短语
②及物动词的过去分词→表示被动、完成
不及物动词的过去分词→只表示完成
a broken vase一只被打碎的花瓶(被动、动作已完成)
a retired teacher一位退休教师(动作已完成)
③过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句
the guests invited(＝who had been invited) to the party受邀参加聚会的那些客人
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Most colleges now offer first－year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
②Our class won first prize in the English oral competition ________ (hold) this Monday.
③The most hopeful data ________(share) in the report shows clear evidence...
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is a descendant of Confucius, so he is not interested in western________ (哲学)．
2．The power of the ________ (个人)is limited, while the power of the masses is infinite.
3．We interviewed each chief ________ (单个的)member in the community.
4．The chief editor thought it was ________(尴尬的)to ask some personal questions in an interview.
5．Are you ________ (熟悉的)with the idiom “Achilles' heel”？
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Let's practise ________ (use) context clues to guess the meaning of new words.
2．A palace is a place. They are similar ________ each other in appearance, but different in pronunciation.
3．The accident scene is surrounded by the police to search for the evidence________the accident.
4．Her next goal is to start a charity website________(raise)money for children in poor countries.
5．Any individual ________ the knowledge of his own country's history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
6．What do you know about Confucius' ideas ____________ education
7．He offered us help in time, without ________ we could not have made any achievements.
8．Students from different countries are working ________ (creative) to protect a temple in China.
Unit 4　History and Traditions
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
听说培养·重在基础
对点演练
1．B　2.A　3.C　4.A　5.B
【听力原文】
Text 1
M: Our backyard is such a waste to be used as a storage place. I was thinking of turning it into a garden. What do you think about that
W: How about a swimming pool I do enjoy swimming in summer.
Text 2
W: Good morning, Professor Wang. My name is Susan Gray. I'm with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Text 3
W: I got to work right on time, and Jason has been here since a quarter to nine. So there were two people here doing nothing waiting for you to come.
M: I'm sorry for being late for half an hour. I know it's my job to open the doors at nine.
Text 4
W: Every year, there are a large number of forest fires, and the causes are not mysterious.
M: Yeah. Most of them are caused by human activities, like people throwing away burning cigarettes.
Text 5
W: There is a traditional lion dance performance tonight. Do you want to watch it
M: I've been wanting to see one for a long time.
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词和短语
1．①Individuals　②individually
2．①to　②in　③from　④are very similar to　⑤is similar in
3．①to stay　②to complete　③to stay　④smoking
4．①Achilles' heel　②pulling my leg　③fish out of water
第二版块|典型句式
①designed　②held　③shared
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．philosophy　2.individual　3.individual　4.embarrassing　5.familiar
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．using　2.to　3.of　4.to raise　5.without　6.on　7.which　8.creatively
9(共131张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
课文预习·解疑清障
[课文内容]
WHAT'S IN A NAME 【1】
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puzzle①.
【1】[标题赏析]“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。
【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。
【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v.-ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。
In the 16th century, the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK, which resulted in⑤ the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened⑥ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑦ Britain or Great Britain.
【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。
【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。
The four countries that belong⑧ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑨. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as⑩ share the same currency and military defence . However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。
【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。
【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使……被……”。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
【11】此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。
【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。
[词语积累]
①puzzle/'p zl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
puzzling/'p zl /adj.令人困惑的，令人费解的
puzzled/'p zld/adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的
②nearby/ n 'ba /adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
③join... to...把……和……连接/联结起来
④break away from从……脱离/逃脱
⑤result in造成，导致
⑥shorten/' tn/vt.& vi.(使)缩短，变短
此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。
⑦refer to... as...把……称为……
⑧belong/b 'l /vi.应在(某处)；适应
belong to属于
⑨area n．领域，范围；方面
⑩as well as也；和；还
currency/'k r nsi/n.通货；货币
[思考]你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？
military/'m l tri/adj.军事的；军用的
defence/d 'fens/n.防御；保卫
defend/d 'fend/vt.& vi.(为……)辩护；保卫，保护
legal/'li ɡl/adj.法律的；合法的
[反义]illegal adj.非法的，违法的
surround/s 'ra nd/vt.围绕；包围
evidence/'evid ns/n.证据；证明
take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)
achievement/ 't i vm nt/n.成就；成绩；达到
achieve v．实现；获得成功
leave behind留下；落后
[思考]你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？
location/l 'ke n/n.地方；地点；位置
conquer/'k k (r)/vt.占领；征服；控制
conqueror/'k k r (r)/n.征服者
battle/'b tl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.& vi.搏斗；奋斗
make changes to...对……作出改变
port/p t/n.港口(城市)
date back to (＝date from)追溯到……
fascinating/'f s ne t /adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住
fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意
[文化采风]
1．the Union Jack英国国旗
英国国旗的正式名称是the Union Flag, 也常常称为“the Union Jack”。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。
2．Battle of Hastings
黑斯廷斯战役是1066年10月14日，英格兰国王哈罗德·葛温森的盎格鲁—撒克逊军队和诺曼底公爵威廉一世的军队在黑斯廷斯地域进行的一场交战，威廉取得决定性胜利并入主伦敦。黑斯廷斯战役是历史上最后一次对英国成功的军事入侵，自此再也没有人能成功征服英国。黑斯廷斯战役在英国历史上是一次重要战役，英国从此完成了统一国家的历史使命。
[课文释译]
名字有什么意义？
联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。
16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！
英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，无论你走到何处，你几乎都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁—撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。
他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。
有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。
语篇细研·教材精读
Step Ⅰ　课文结构图示
Step Ⅱ　课文阅读理解
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK
A．In the 16th century. B．In the 18th century.
C．In the 19th century. D．In the 20th century.
2．What do the UK's four countries have in common
A．They share the same national day.
B．They share the same military defence.
C．They have a common legal system.
D．They have a common sports team to compete between countries.
D
B
3．Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK
A．The Normans. B．The Romans.
C．The Vikings. D．The Anglo-Saxons.
4．What happened to England in the 11th century according to the text
A．The Romans built towns and roads in England.
B．The Anglo-Saxons brought in the English language.
C．The Normans became the conqueror of England.
D．The Vikings introduced many new words into England.
5．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The attractions of the UK.
B．The long and interesting history of the UK.
C．The historic sites of the UK.
D．The past and present of the UK.
B
C
A
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
(教材P40)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优点是什么？
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业——该市目前人口为762人。
词语拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She is the ________ (总监) of the sales department.
②He is the ________ (主任) of the English department.
③She is the ______________ (主编) of the magazine.
④Product quality is our ________ (主要的) concern.
⑤Rice is the ________ (主要的) crop in this area.
chief
chief
editor－in－chief
chief
chief
2.puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑　puzzlement n．迷惑，困惑
(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑
solve a puzzle 解开谜团
crossword puzzle 填字游戏
puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
He was in a puzzle about what to do next.下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。
He thought he had solved the puzzle.他认为他已经解开了那个谜。
What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.令我不解的是他的书为什么如此受欢迎。
She was puzzling over the cause of the events.她在苦苦思索这些事件的起因。
He was trying to puzzle out how he should react in an emergency.
他正在琢磨如何在紧急情况下作出反应。
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑
－ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等；－ing形容词常说明事物的性质
wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情
a puzzling fact令人费解的事实
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The firemen were ______ a puzzle about the cause of the fire.
②I've puzzled______this question for a while, and I'm still not sure what the right answer is.
③He lay looking at the ceiling, trying to puzzle things _______.
④Everyone was a bit ________ (puzzle) by her sudden departure.
⑤The spelling of English is often ________ (puzzle)．
⑥He was __________(感到困惑)as to how to keep a balance between work and play.
⑦________________ (令我不解的是)why he left the country without telling anyone.
in
over
out
puzzled
puzzling
in a puzzle
What puzzles me is
3.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。
They were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。
知识拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆

易错词比较：
nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)
near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在……附近
即学即练　用near, nearby, nearly完成句子
①She bought some fruit at a ________ store.
②As spring ________， the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
③It's easy to find him. He lives ________.
④As I got up late, I ________ missed train.
⑤________ 200 people attended the meeting.
⑥I live ________ the station, so I can catch the early bus easily.
nearby
nears
nearby
nearly
Nearly
near
4．defence n．防御；保卫　defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩护
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御物
flood defences 防洪设施
come to one's defence 出来保护某人
The hunter held a brick in his hand as if in defence.猎人手里拿着一块砖头，好像在自卫。
soldiers who died in defence of their country为保卫祖国而献身的战士
The area's flood defences are under repair.该地区的防洪工事正在修理中。
误区警示：
defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against；若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。

词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
②Two rescue workers came to his________(defend) when the accident happened.
③All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves __________ the sudden attacks.
④Mr Green stood up __________ (为……辩护) the 16－year－old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
⑤Our duty is to __________________________________(保卫国家不受……) its enemies.
⑥我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
I have to say____________that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
against
defence
against/from
in defence of
defend our country/motherland from/against
in her defence
5.legal adj.法律的；合法的　legally adv.合法地
(教材P40)．..all have different education systems and legal systems.
……实行不同的教育和法律制度。
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit 超过法定值
a legal adviser 法律顾问
reach the legal age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄
legal fees 律师费用
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。
词语拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
即学即练　完成句子
①Wild camping ________ (是非法的)in England.
②More and more women today have learned to arise _______________________ (捍卫她们的合法权利)．
③出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。
______________most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
is illegal
in defence of their legal rights
For legal reasons
6.surround vt.围绕；包围　surrounding adj.附近的，四周的　surroundings n．环境(复数)
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surrounding atmosphere 周围空气
surrounding area 周围地区
surrounding environment 周围环境
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
They have surrounded the flat with the police.他们已派警察包围了这所公寓。
The small island with beautiful sight is surrounded by/with the sea.
那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。
David likes to surround himself with young people.戴维喜欢和年轻人在一起。
I work in pleasant surroundings.我在愉快的环境中工作。
词语拓展：
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They all went out to look for the lost child in the _________ (surround) villages.
②Some insects take on the colour of their ____________ (surround) to protect themselves.
③The poet _____________ (surround) by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech.
④__________ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
⑤The garden __________________ (由……包围着) a fence，in which many small creatures live.
⑥The football star always __________________ (与……在一起) crazy fans.
surrounding
surroundings
is surrounded
Surrounded
is surrounded by/with
surrounds himself with
7．evidence n．证据；根据；证明　evident adj.明显的，显然的　evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
look for/search for evidence 寻找证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
hide evidence 隐藏证据
give evidence (出庭)作证
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that... 有(一些)证据表明……(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们还没发现在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
Do you have evidence that some natives have seen the ancient statue
你有证据证明有些当地人看到过那座古老的雕像吗？
There is no evidence that the meeting actually took place.没有证据表明确实有过这次会面。
误区警示：
evidence是不可数名词
一项证据
知识拓展：
(1)there is＋no＋n.＋in doing sth.
There is no good in going there.
去那里没有什么好处。
There is no harm in doing that.
那样做并无害处。
There is no use in doing it. (＝It is no use doing it.)
干此事毫无用处。
There is no sense in waiting there.
在那里等下去毫无意义。
There is no point in doing so.
这样做毫无意义。
(2)there is＋no＋doing sth.(动词多为表“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：say, know等，后跟其它的特殊疑问词what, when等)。
There is no saying what may happen.没说会发生什么事。
There is no telling when he will return.没说他何时回来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知何时我们再相会。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①Enough ________ (evident) shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.
②All the evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
③Do you have evidence ________ this treatment works
④I was asked to ___________ (作证) at the trial.
⑤_____________________ (有明显证据表明) smoking causes heart disease.
⑥It is evident that he did not finish his homework on time yesterday.
→________ he did not finish his homework on time.
evidence
shows
is
that
give evidence
There is clear evidence that
Evidently
8．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到　achieve vt.实现；(经过努力)取得，达到　achievable adj.可实现的，可达到的
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
make an achievement 取得成就
a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就
quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就
the achievement of one's aim 某人目标的实现
a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve success/victory 获得成功/胜利
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
My friend won a gold medal in a calligraphy competition. I'm happy to know that he has made such an achievement.
我的朋友在书法比赛中获得了金牌。我很高兴知道他取得了这样的成就。
When I managed to reach the temple at the top of the mountain, I felt a sense of achievement.当我设法到达山顶的寺庙时，我有一种成就感。
词语拓展：
one's achievement in... 某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was hard work, but the sense of ________ (achieve) was huge.
②Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and ___________ (achievement)．
③In the last few years, China________________________(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.
④Lucy _____________________ (已经实现了所有的目标)she set for herself.
achievement
achievements
has made great achievements
has achieved all the goals
9.location n．地方；地点；位置　locate vt.找出……的准确位置
(教材P41)．..left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.……留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
the exact/precise location 确切位置
the geographical location 地理位置
the location of the factory 工厂的位置
a convenient/an ideal/a suitable location 方便的/理想的/合适的位置
He added that the theater's location was also a reason.
他补充说，剧院的位置也是一个原因。
His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.他的办公室位于浙江省杭州市的(中国美术学院)象山校区。
词语积累：
(1)locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
locate Berlin on the map在地图上找出柏林的位置
(2)located adj.处于；位于；坐落在

学法点拨：
位于……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The map shows the precise ________ (locate) of the crash.
②China _________ (locate) in the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres.
③________ (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
④Mount Huang ______________________ (位于)Anhui Province.

location
is located
Located
is located/situated in/lies in
10.battle n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(教材P41)They conquered England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)．..battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.
登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。
They battled for freedom.他们为自由而战。
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.在去世之前，她与癌症做了长期斗争。
词语拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
即学即练　单句语法填空/汉译英/完成句子
①When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle ________ myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
②The two candidates are battling ________ control of the company to ensure their own benefits.
③和困难作斗争___________________
④争夺时间之战________________
⑤为争取同等权利而战_________________
⑥为正义而斗争________________
⑦她曾与癌症抗争。
She had ____________ cancer.
⑧警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。
The police __________________________ crime.
against
for
battle against difficulties
battle against time
battle for equal rights
battle for justice
battled against
are fighting a tough battle against
11.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的　fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住　fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
(教材P41)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.联合王国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化交融的混合国度，拥有新旧两种传统。
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
词汇拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
He was struck by the beauty of the Western Lake.他被西湖的美所迷住。
We are struck by the story of LeiFeng.我们被雷锋的故事所打动。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①CHRONOLOGICA is a _________ (fascinate) journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.
②I was ________ (fascinate) to hear about his travels in Britain.
③她的音乐让我着迷。
Her music fascinates me.＝I am fascinated ________ her music.
fascinating
fascinated
with
第二版块|重要短语
1.be confused by对……感到困惑　confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的　confuse vt.使困惑；(把……)混淆　confusing adj.令人困惑的　confusion n．困惑；混淆
(教材P40)．.. many people are confused by what these different names mean.
许多人被这些不同的名字的意思弄糊涂了。
confuse sb. 使某人困惑
confuse A and/with B 把A和B弄混
find sth. confusing 觉得……令人困惑
be confusing for sb. 令某人困惑
to avoid confusion 为避免混淆
be confused about 对……感到困惑
become/get confused 变得困惑
a confused expression 困惑的表情
She seems to be confused by the complicated organization structure.
她看来被这个复杂的组织结构给搞糊涂了。
I always confuse the sisters—they look so alike.
我总是分不清这对姐妹—她们看上去简直一模一样。
Don't confuse Austria with/and Australia.
不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。
词语拓展：
a very confusing experience 让人莫名其妙的经历
in confusion 困窘地
confusing adj. 令人困惑的(表示事物本身的特性的)
confused adj. 感到困惑的；糊涂的(说明人的心理状态)
What he said is confusing so I am confused with his confusing words.他说的话令人困惑不解，因此我对他令人困惑的话感到困惑不解。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She stepped down, looking ________(confuse)．
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a ________ (confuse) world.
③I always confuse you ________ your sister—you look so alike.
confused
confusing
with
2．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.十六世纪，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。
connect...to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来(具体含义)
join in 参加；加入(做某事行列join＋组织名称)加入组织
join sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
每一个个人或团体都通过互联网与世界相连。
The engineer connected my computer with the others.
工程师把我的电脑与其他电脑连接起来。
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.
所有的家人同我一道祝你未来幸福。
There is no doubt that your disease is related to your unhealthy diet.
毫无疑问，你的病与你不健康的饮食有关。
词汇联想：
“与……有关系/有联系”的多种表达：
be related to
be linked with/to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
have a little to do with...与……有点关系
have little to do with与……几乎没有关系
have nothing to do with...与……毫无关系
have much to do with...与……有很大关系
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The island is joined ________ the mainland by a bridge.
②In the evening there was a barbecue, with the whole village ________ (join) in the fun.
③Do you know how many of them joined ________ the research project
④Enough sleep is ________ (connect) to general health conditions.
⑤将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。
________ one section of pipe ________the next.
⑥这个岛由一座桥与大陆相连。
The island _________ the mainland by a bridge.
to
joining
in
connected
Join
to
is joined to
3.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
[句式分析]　该主从复合句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句一整句话的意思。该定语从句中，we have today同样是定语从句，修饰先行词name。
break off 中断；折断
break out 突然发生，爆发
break through 突破
break up 破碎；分解；解散；(关系)破裂
break down (机器等)出故障；垮掉；分散；失败
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴(不及物短语动词)
break into 破门而入；突然……起来(及物短语动词)
The teenager broke away from the volunteer and ran away.
这名少年从志愿者手中挣脱逃跑了。
With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break away from the Union.
因为有这么多问题尚未解决，所以有些国家想要脱离联邦。
误区警示：
break away中的away是副词，如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，构成短语break away from (从……中脱离)。

类似的动词还有
escape from...逃离……
get away from...摆脱……
run away from...逃离
fly away from...飞离……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away ________it later because of conflicts.
②It was the fact that his car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
③The fire broke ________during the day, so almost no one was injured.
④—I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken________.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
⑤We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________ the office during the night.
⑥Startled by the sudden whistle of the train, the horse __________ (逃脱)．
⑦The boy ______________ (挣脱) his mother and ran away.
from
down
out
up
into
broke away
broke away from
4.result in导致，造成　result from由于；源自
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于……
Work stress resulted in his mental illness.工作压力导致了他精神上的疾病。
He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He lost his job as a result of making one big mistake.他由于犯了个大错而丢了工作。
His illness resulted from the cold weather.他的病是天寒而致。
The cold weather resulted in his illness.天气寒冷致使他生病了。
易错比较：
因 果
果 因

学法点拨：
多种“导致”：result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to，cause
词语拓展：
as a consequence of...作为……的结果；由于
as a consequence结果，因此
in consequence of...由于……
in consequence所以
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The terrible accident resulted ________ careless driving.
②The terrible accident results________six deaths.
③He studies very hard. As______result, he now speaks brilliant English.
④He has a preference for literature as a result ________the influence from his mother.
⑤根据这篇文章，孩子们对书的恐惧和厌恶可能是由被强迫在别人面前朗读造成的。According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may ____________ being made to read aloud before others.
from
in
a
of
result from
⑥他接管公司后，生意没有起色。结果，人们一个接一个地离开了公司。
After he took charge of the company, the business didn't pick up. As_______， people left the company one after another.
⑦斯派洛认为，我们不会因为互联网而成为记忆力差的人。
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories___________ the Internet.
a result
as a result of
5.leave behind落下，忘带；留下；把……抛在后面
(教材P41)The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.维京人在8世纪出现，留下了许多新的词汇，也给美国境内的许多地方赋予了新的名字。
leave for 动身去
leave alone 不管；不打扰
leave aside 搁置一边，不考虑
leave out 遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落
用法说明：
leave behind短语中behind是副词，宾语若是人称代词，要放在leave与behind中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。

联想拓展：
leave for Beijing动身去北京
leave me alone不要打扰我
leave out the detail省去细节
leave out a letter漏掉一个字母
feel left out感觉被冷落
leave off停止，中断
Leave my umbrella behind on the train.把我的伞落在火车上。
In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon get left behind.
在课堂上，视力不好的孩子很快就会落在别人的后面。
Sarah, with her long legs, soon left the rest of us far behind.
萨拉腿长，很快就把我们其他人远远地抛在了后面。
即学即练　完成句子
①我们从来没有真正地被留在一个陌生的城市，但我们不打算冒险。
We ________ never actually _________ in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.
②如果那家人只是把猫遗弃了怎么办？
What if the family had simply ________ the cat ________？
③在那个时候，女人比男人少得多，所以如果一个男人不想被忽视，他唯一的选择就是和另一个男人跳舞，这样他就可以吸引为数不多的女人的注意。
At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be_______, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.
were
left behind
left
behind
left out
6.refer to...as...把……称为……
(教材P40)．..the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.……联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
(1)refer to 提到，谈到；参考，查看，查阅；涉及，关于
refer to his experiences 谈到他的一些经历
refer to a dictionary 查字典
refer to the telephone directory 查电话簿
give the speech without referring to notes 脱稿发表演讲
refer to Asian problems 涉及亚洲问题
(2)refer...to... 把……提交……；把……归功于……；
把……称作……
The American Indians referred to salt as“magic white sand”．
美洲印第安人把盐称为“魔力白沙”。
He referred the case to the High Court.他把案子提交给高等法院处理。
Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不是缺乏能力。
学法点拨：
“把……看作/称为”的表达方式还有：
treat...as...　think of...as...
regard...as...　look on...as...
view...as...　consider...as...

词语积累：
reference n．参考；查阅；参考书目；推荐信
for future reference供日后参考
a reference book参考书
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The scientist referred to the discovery________the most exciting new development in this field.
②Who do you think the teacher is referring ________？
③Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future________ (refer)．
④You should refer this matter ________ the head office for a decision.
⑤Don't always_________________(查字典)when you come across a new word.
as
to
reference
to
refer to the dictionary
⑥We agreed never to ________ (提及)the matter again.
⑦I admire those who ___________________________ (认为帮助他人是)happiness.
⑧Coal __________________ (通常被称为)a fossil fuel.
⑨Put down the names of the products in your notebook ________________ (供日后参考)．
refer to
refer to helping others as
is usually referred to as
for future reference
7.belong to 属于　(1)属于(某人)　(2)是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员　(3)是(某族类或纲目)的一部分，属于
(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to a club 是俱乐部的成员
a sense of belonging 归属感
The soccer ball belongs to Dan.这个足球是丹的。
He belongs to the badminton club.他是羽毛球俱乐部的成员。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。
误区警示：
①belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
这辆自行车是我的。
This bike belongs to me.(√)
This bike is belonged to me.(×)
This bike is belonging to me.(×)
②to是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作宾语。
③可用belong to的现在分词形式作后置定语。
The apartment belonging to me is in the center of the city.属于我的那套公寓位于市中心。
词语积累：
belongings n．(pl.)所有物；财产，财物(表达此意时必须用复数)
personal belongings个人财物，私人用品
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①As an author, he really belongs ________ the 18th century.
②I don't know ________ whom this computer belongs.
③The old house ________ (belong ) to my grandfather was still in good condition.
④I just escaped from the flood and all my __________ (belong) were swept away.
⑤Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _________ (属于)the well－educated.
⑥He was upset that the valuable watch _____________ (属于他的)was lost yesterday.
⑦他们参加同一个象棋俱乐部。
____________________________
to
to
belonging
belongings
belongs to
belonging to him
They belong to the same chess class.
8.as well as
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
as well as用法如下：
(1)意为“同(一样也)，和，还，不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
The athlete as well as his teammates is working out in the stadium at the moment.
那个运动员和他的队友们此刻正在体育馆里训练。
We expect her to do the housework as well as watch over the children.
我们不仅期盼她照看孩子，而且期盼她做家务。
Buying the house as well as decorating it cost him a lot of money.
买房子和装修花了他一大笔钱。
(2)意为“除……之外”，相当于in addition to。后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。
As well as knowing some Russian, she speaks English very well.
除了懂一些俄语外，她英语说得也很好。
误区警示：
(1)A as well as B强调A，作主语时谓语动词的数与A保持一致。有类似用法的还有along with，together with，rather than，with等。
Tom together with other graduates is not suitable to do the job.汤姆以及其他毕业生都不适合做这项工作。
(2)not only A but also B强调B，作主语时谓语动词的数与B保持一致。
I as well as Mary have adapted to the new environment.＝Not only Mary but also I have adapted to the new environment.不仅玛丽，我也适应了新环境。
(3)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。
He is smart, and kind as well.他很聪明，也很善良。
(4)和……一样好
I speak English as well as he does.我英语说得和他一样好。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, ______ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
②Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,____________
(regard) as one of the best all－round forms of exercise.
③As well as________(be) one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China, Luoyang is considered to be the birthplace of Chinese culture and history.
④___________________ (除……之外) translating novels, she works as an interpreter.
⑤He gave me some good tips _________ (以及) some warnings.
⑥他不但种花，而且种菜。
He grows vegetables__________flowers.
He grows _________flowers _________ vegetables.
is
is regarded
being
As well as/In addition to
as well as
as well as
not only
but also
9．include doing sth.包含做某事
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
他们的一些成就包括修建城镇和道路。
[句式分析]　句子building towns and roads是动名词短语作谓语动词included的宾语。
动词include的用法：
(1)include sth./include doing sth. 包括，包含
(2)include 使成为……的一部分
(3)including (介词)，包括……(在内)
The breakfast includes bread and coffee.早餐包括面包和咖啡。
My hobbies include reading and swimming.我的爱好包括阅读和游泳。
You can include some examples in your article.你可以在文章中举些例子。
Everyone went to the party, including Jack.大家都去参加聚会了，包括杰克。
We watched a performance which included a puppet show and acrobatics.＝We watched a performance including a puppet show and acrobatics/a puppet show and acrobatics included.
我们观看了一场演出，内容有木偶和杂技。
误区警示：
including是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；included是过去分词用作形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语，即including A＝A included。

Everyone has to make a proposal at the meeting including you.＝Everyone has to make a proposal at the meeting, you included.
每个人都必须在会上提出一个建议，包括你在内。
即学即练　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①There were five of us, a designer and an editor________ (include)．
②Let's exchange our views, ________ (include) our likes and dislikes.
③His schoolbag contains a lot of books, including a storybook.
→_________________________________________________________
included
including
His schoolbag contains a lot of books, a storybook included.
10．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
(教材P41)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
[句式分析]　keep one's eyes open (for)是“keep＋宾语＋形容词作补足语”结构，意为“睁大眼睛(留意)”＝keep an eye out (for)留心；留意。“keep one's eyes closed”闭着眼睛等。
(1)keep up 保持；继续
keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系
keep back 阻止；隐瞒
keep off 使……不接近
keep on 继续
(2)keep fit 保持健康
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.
留意一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色毛衣的男孩。
She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.
她问安是否能照看一下狗。
The lady walked around the shops, keeping her eyes open for/keeping an eye out for bargains.这位女士在各家商店逛来逛去，时刻注意着减价商品。
She was unable to keep back her tears, and wept freely.
她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
The explorers made a camp fire to keep off wild animals.
探险队员们燃起篝火，使野兽不敢走近。
I eat three apples a day to keep fit.为了保持健康我每天吃三个苹果。
归纳拓展：
fix one's eyes on注视，盯着看
keep an eye on照看，留意；密切注意
have an eye for对……有鉴赏力
look sb. in the eye(s)直视某人
keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干
keep one's promise 履行诺言
keep away (from)避免接近(……)
keep sb. from doing...阻止某人做……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You must keep your eyes open ______the cars while crossing the street.
②You're walking so fast that I can't keep up ______ you.
③Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ________ burning.
④She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain _______.
⑤如果留意观察，你可以了解很多。
If you ________________ you can learn a great deal.
⑥我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！
I know it's hard, but _________ ! Don't give up!
⑦我感觉他隐瞒着某件事。
I got the feeling that he was _____________________.
⑧许多人跟不上技术的发展。
Many people cannot ___________ the development of technology.
for
with
from
off
keep your eyes open
keep at it
keeping something back
keep up with
11.date back to起源于，追溯到(＝date from)　date vi.始于(某一历史时期) n．日期；约会
(教材P41)．..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.……因为它是个古老的港口城市，历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
(1)句式分析：as引导一个原因状语从句。句中that引导一个定语从句修饰限制先行词city。
(2)date from/date back to常用于一般现在时，没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。
a law dating from the 17th century自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律
What's the date today 今天几号？
set/fix a date for... 确定……的日期
易错辨析：
date from/date back to＋表示具体时间的名词
date back＋表示一段时间的名词

经典例句：
(1)We made a date to have dinner.我们约好在一起吃晚饭。
(2)This dress is out of date.这条连衣裙过时了。
(3)This novel is his best book to date.这部小说是他迄今为止最好的作品。
(4)This style of dress is up to date.这种款式的连衣裙很时髦。
make a date to do sth. 约好做某事
out of date 过时的；过期的
up to date 现代的，最新的，时髦的
to date 迄今为止，到目前为止
have a date with sb. 与某人有约会
The temple dates back to/from 2000 years ago.这座庙宇始于2000年前。
The temple dates back 2000 years.这座庙宇有两千年了。
即学即练　完成句子
①修道院艺术博物馆及花园的吸引人之处在于它的收藏品可以追溯到中世纪。
The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections __________ the Middle Ages.
②巨石阵是世界上最著名的史前遗迹之一，可追溯到5 000多年前。
Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments __________over 5,000 years.
③它是一个迷人的法国小时钟，由黄铜做成，可以追溯到19世纪。
It's a charming small French clock，made of brass and __________ the nineteenth century.
date from
dating back
dating from
12．all the way一路上；自始至终，一直；完全
(教材P41)．..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.……因为它是个古老的港口城市，历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 一点儿没有，绝不
in the way 挡道，碍事的
in this way 这样；通过这种方式
on the way 在路上；即将
out of the way 不挡道，不妨碍人，偏僻的
under way 在进行中
At 7 a．m. we started at the school gate. And then we ran all the way to the foot of the hill.早上7点，我们从学校门口出发。然后我们一路跑到山脚下。
News of his work travelled all the way to Asia.
有关他工作的消息一直传到了亚洲。
The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.
这家伙对此见怪不怪了，一路上跟我愉快地聊着天，直到爱丁堡。
词语拓展：
by way of 经由……，经过……方法
by the way 顺便提一下
give way to 让步，屈服
in sb's way 挡某人的路
keep/stay out of sb.'s way 避开某人
make one's way 前往
make way for sb./sth. 给……让路，给……让出空间
the other way around 在相反的方向；在相反的位置
fight one's way out 杀出去
push one's way out 挤出去
即学即练　完成句子
①我一直步行到家。
I walked _________ home.
②You are my friend. I'll support you _________ (完全/自始至终)．
③_________(决不) do I agree with your opinion.
④Your car is _________ (挡道). Please move it.
⑤Keep on trying. Don't let anything stand __________ (挡你的路/阻碍你)．
⑥He came to China _________(经由) Japan.
all the way
all the way
In no way
in the way
in your way
by way of
第三版块|典型句式
1.if any如果有的话
(教材P40)So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
[句式分析]　if any是if there is/are any at all的省略形式，起加强语气的作用。
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
词语拓展：
if not 如果不是这样的话；否则，不然
if possible 如果可能的话
There are few, if any, mistakes in the book.那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。
I learn that Jack was injured in the car crash.If so, let's visit him this afternoon.
我听说杰克在车祸中受了伤。如果是这样，我们今天下午去拜访他吧。
You should be on a diet. If not, you will be overweight.你应该节食。否则你会超重的。
即学即练　完成句子
①It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ________ (如果是这样的话)，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
②Are you ready ________ (如果没有)，I'm going without you.
③I'll help you without hesitation ___________ (如有必要)．
④Problems, _________ (如果有的话)，should be solved without delay.
⑤I want to avoid the rush hour traffic __________ (如果可能的话)．
⑥His children rarely, ________(如果曾经有的话)，see him at his place of work.
If so
If not
if necessary
if any
if possible
if ever
2．There be＋主语＋非谓语动词
(教材P41)There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。
[句式分析]　there is so much more to learn...是there be...结构。
There are many cases lying in the corner of the room.房间的角落里有许多箱子。
There are a lot of things to solve.有很多事情需要解决。
There is a large amount of money used in the development of new medicines.
有一大笔钱用于开发新药。
误区警示：
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。

There is no time to lose/to be lost.
时间不容耽搁。

归纳拓展：
There be＋主语＋to do.(表示动作尚未发生)
There be＋主语＋doing.(表示主动和进行)
There be＋主语＋done.(表示被动或完成)
即学即练　单句语法填空/句式转换
①There are still millions of people ________ (suffer) from hunger nowadays.
②There will be some volunteers ________ (help) in remote areas.
③There is still some support________ (give) by the local people.
④There is a castle________ (build) in the 11th century.
⑤Last night, there were millions of people________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
⑥There are some students on the playground. They are playing basketball.
→There are some students on the playground ________________.
suffering
to help
given
built
watching
playing basketball
3．as引导的从句
(教材P41)The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。as在句中引导一个原因状语从句。状语从句中表语an ancient city由that引导的定语从句修饰。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
整个会议期间，我一直在盯着钟表，因为我要赶火车。
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.
随着年龄的增长，我成为了一名母亲，图书馆呈现出新的面貌，并给我的生活带来了新的意义。
Tired as he was, the general stayed up late.这位将军虽疲倦，但仍很晚才睡。
I have changed it as you suggested.我按照你建议的方式把它改了。
Mr. Smith is chosen to represent the company at the conference, as is often the case.
史密斯先生被选出来在会议上代表公司，这是经常的事。
as引导从句的情况：
①因为→引导原因状语从句
②随着，当……时→引导时间状语从句
③虽然；即使→引导让步状语从句
④按照……的方式→引导方式状语从句
⑤正好，如同→引导定语从句
即学即练　完成句子
①When in Roman, do ________ the Romans ________ (do)．
②I met a friend ________ I was walking to school.
③I have ________ many books ________ he ________.
④We couldn't go out ________ it was ________(rain)．
⑤________ (tire) ________ he was, he kept on ________ (work)．
as
do
as/when
as
as
does
as
raining
Tired
as
working
4.must have done一定做过某事
(教材P41)I must have been asleep in that part of our history class!
我一定是在上历史课的那一部分时睡着了！
[句式分析]　must have done是“情态动词＋have done”结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测，仅用于肯定句中。
表示对过去事情的推测，通常有以下结构：
can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事
could have done 本能够做某事(而未做)
may/might have done 可能做过某事
should have done 本该做某事(而未做)
shouldn't have done 本不该做某事(却做了)
needn't have done 本没有必要做某事(却做了)
He must have spent a long time writing that essay.
他写那篇文章一定用了很长时间。
It is so near from the station. I needn't have taken the taxi.
离车站如此近，我本没必要乘出租车。(实际上已乘出租车了)
I could have passed the exam, but I was careless.(＝If I had not been too careless, I could have passed the exam.)我本可以通过这次考试的，但我太粗心了。
误区警示：
情态动词must 用于表推测的用法时，须注意：
(1)须跟表状态动词have, know和系动词be的原形连用。
如：①He must be a teacher.
②From the clothes she wears, she must have a lot of money.
③You must know him.你准是认识他。
(2)must跟其他非状态动词连用时，须用进行时或完成式来表推测。试比较：
①He must be working in the office now.他现在一定/准是在办公室。(推测)
He must work now！他现在必须工作！(命令)
②You must have read the book.你过去一定读过这本书。(推测)
You must read the book.你必须读这本书。(命令)
即学即练　完成句子
①保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must__________________
(practise) many times last week.
②在来新学校之前我本没有必要担心，因为这里的同学对我很友好。
I ________________ before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
have practised
needn't have worried
课时达标·随堂自测
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A ________ (港口)is a harbour area where ships load and unload goods or passengers.
2．You can seek ________ (法律的)aid when wildlife or cultural relics are threatened.
3．A ________ (王国)is a country or region that is ruled by a king with military force.
4．You can see a herd of cattle grazing on the plain________ (附近的)．
5．The new kingdom established a new _________ (法律的) system and developed its own traditions.
port
legal
kingdom
nearby
legal
6．The poet was __________ (围绕)by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech.
7．When the ship reached the port, ________ (证据)showed that it had gone through a storm.
8．They observed the exact ________ (位置)of the battle and found enough evidence.
9．________ (防御)is action that is taken to protect someone or something against attack.
10．If someone ________ (属于)to a particular group, they are a member of that group.
surrounded
evidence
location
Defence
belongs
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Most people use the ________ (shorten) name “the UK” for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2．London is an ancient port city that has a history ________ (date) all the way back to Roman times.
3．I am often ________ (puzzle) by his philosophy.
4．Whatever I do, I ensure to do it right, do it ________ (legal) and do it by the rules.
5．Why is it important to study the history and culture of the United Kingdom before ________ (pay) a visit to it
shortened
dating
puzzled
legally
paying
6．That's why it ________ (call) the United Kingdom.
7．The Normans_________ (conquer) England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
8．According ________ the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
9．They use the same flag, ________ (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
10．The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history ________ (explore)．
is called
conquered
to
known
to explore
Ⅲ.短语填空
be joined to， break away from， belong to， as well as， military defence， be surrounded by， make great achievements， fight a battle against， keep one's eyes open， result in
1．The pop star ________________ a crowd of crazy fans, who were eager to meet her.
2．We should ________________ pollution to protect our environment.
3．He gave me some good tips ________ some warnings.
4．There are many great men in the world, who _________ different stages of the history of mankind.
5．Sometimes, several kingdoms _____________ each other so that the power was increased.
was surrounded by
fight a battle against
as well as
belong to
were joined to
6．The ancient people built towers in different locations for _____________.
7．The couple announced that they had ________________ each other in the end.
8．The accident____________heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed.
9．Yuan Longping ______________________ to the world in the raising of production of rice.
10．We should ________________ for the spelling mistakes in our compositions.
military defence
broken away from
resulted in
made great achievements
keep our eyes open
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
Studying British history can help you understand 1.________ the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean. In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 18th century, Scotland was joined 2.________ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, the southern part of Ireland 3.________ (break) away from the UK, which resulted 4.________ the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
what
to create
broke
in
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some differences. The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, 5.________ can help you understand much more about the country and 6.________ (it) traditions. No matter where you go in the UK, you will 7.____________ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 8.________ (study) the history of the country will make your visit much more 9.________ (enjoy). The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old 10.________ (tradition)．
which
its
be surrounded
Studying
enjoyable
traditionsSection Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
[课文内容]
WHAT'S IN A NAME 【1】
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puzzle①.
【1】[标题赏析]“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。
【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。
【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v.-ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。
In the 16th century, the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK, which resulted in⑤ the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened⑥ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑦ Britain or Great Britain.
【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。
【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。
The four countries that belong⑧ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑨. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as⑩ share the same currency and military defence . However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。
【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。
【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使……被……”。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
【11】此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。
【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。
[词语积累]
①puzzle/'p zl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
puzzling/'p zl /adj.令人困惑的，令人费解的
puzzled/'p zld/adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的
②nearby/ n 'ba /adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
③join... to...把……和……连接/联结起来
④break away from从……脱离/逃脱
⑤result in造成，导致
⑥shorten/' tn/vt.& vi.(使)缩短，变短
此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。
⑦refer to... as...把……称为……
⑧belong/b 'l /vi.应在(某处)；适应
belong to属于
⑨area n．领域，范围；方面
⑩as well as也；和；还
currency/'k r nsi/n.通货；货币
[思考]你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？
military/'m l tri/adj.军事的；军用的
defence/d 'fens/n.防御；保卫
defend/d 'fend/vt.& vi.(为……)辩护；保卫，保护
legal/'li ɡl/adj.法律的；合法的
[反义]illegal adj.非法的，违法的
surround/s 'ra nd/vt.围绕；包围
evidence/'evid ns/n.证据；证明
take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)
achievement/ 't i vm nt/n.成就；成绩；达到
achieve v．实现；获得成功
leave behind留下；落后
[思考]你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？
location/l 'ke n/n.地方；地点；位置
conquer/'k k (r)/vt.占领；征服；控制
conqueror/'k k r (r)/n.征服者
battle/'b tl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.& vi.搏斗；奋斗
make changes to...对……作出改变
port/p t/n.港口(城市)
date back to (＝date from)追溯到……
fascinating/'f s ne t /adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住
fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意
[文化采风]
1．the Union Jack英国国旗
英国国旗的正式名称是the Union Flag, 也常常称为“the Union Jack”。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。
2．Battle of Hastings
黑斯廷斯战役是1066年10月14日，英格兰国王哈罗德·葛温森的盎格鲁—撒克逊军队和诺曼底公爵威廉一世的军队在黑斯廷斯地域进行的一场交战，威廉取得决定性胜利并入主伦敦。黑斯廷斯战役是历史上最后一次对英国成功的军事入侵，自此再也没有人能成功征服英国。黑斯廷斯战役在英国历史上是一次重要战役，英国从此完成了统一国家的历史使命。
[课文释译]
名字有什么意义？
联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。
16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！
英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，无论你走到何处，你几乎都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁—撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。
有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。
Step Ⅰ　课文结构图示
Step Ⅱ　课文阅读理解
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK
A．In the 16th century. B．In the 18th century.
C．In the 19th century. D．In the 20th century.
2．What do the UK's four countries have in common
A．They share the same national day.
B．They share the same military defence.
C．They have a common legal system.
D．They have a common sports team to compete between countries.
3．Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK
A．The Normans. B．The Romans.
C．The Vikings. D．The Anglo-Saxons.
4．What happened to England in the 11th century according to the text
A．The Romans built towns and roads in England.
B．The Anglo-Saxons brought in the English language.
C．The Normans became the conqueror of England.
D．The Vikings introduced many new words into England.
5．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The attractions of the UK.
B．The long and interesting history of the UK.
C．The historic sites of the UK.
D．The past and present of the UK.
第一版块|核心单词
1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
(教材P40)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优点是什么？
the chief engineer 总工程师
the chief architect 总建筑师
Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业——该市目前人口为762人。
词语拓展：
an editor－in－chief→editors－in－chief 总编辑
a sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹
a brother-in-law→brothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫
a grown-up→grown-ups成年人
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She is the ________ (总监) of the sales department.
②He is the ________ (主任) of the English department.
③She is the ________ (主编) of the magazine.
④Product quality is our ________ (主要的) concern.
⑤Rice is the ________ (主要的) crop in this area.
2.puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑　puzzlement n．迷惑，困惑
(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑
solve a puzzle 解开谜团
crossword puzzle 填字游戏
puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
He was in a puzzle about what to do next.下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。
He thought he had solved the puzzle.他认为他已经解开了那个谜。
What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.令我不解的是他的书为什么如此受欢迎。
She was puzzling over the cause of the events.她在苦苦思索这些事件的起因。
He was trying to puzzle out how he should react in an emergency.
他正在琢磨如何在紧急情况下作出反应。
词语积累：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的
puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑
－ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等；－ing形容词常说明事物的性质
wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情
a puzzling fact令人费解的事实
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The firemen were ________ a puzzle about the cause of the fire.
②I've puzzled ____________ this question for a while, and I'm still not sure what the right answer is.
③He lay looking at the ceiling, trying to puzzle things ________.
④Everyone was a bit ________ (puzzle) by her sudden departure.
⑤The spelling of English is often ________ (puzzle)．
⑥He was ________________(感到困惑)as to how to keep a balance between work and play.
⑦________________ (令我不解的是)why he left the country without telling anyone.
3.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。
live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。
They were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。
知识拓展：
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
易错词比较：
nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)
near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在……附近
即学即练　用near, nearby, nearly完成句子
①She bought some fruit at a ________ store.
②As spring ________， the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
③It's easy to find him. He lives ________.
④As I got up late, I ________ missed train.
⑤________ 200 people attended the meeting.
⑥I live ________ the station, so I can catch the early bus easily.
4．defence n．防御；保卫　defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩护
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御物
flood defences 防洪设施
come to one's defence 出来保护某人
The hunter held a brick in his hand as if in defence.猎人手里拿着一块砖头，好像在自卫。
soldiers who died in defence of their country为保卫祖国而献身的战士
The area's flood defences are under repair.该地区的防洪工事正在修理中。
误区警示：
defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against；若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。
词语积累：
defend...from/against...保护……免受……
defend oneself against...为自己辩护
The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
②Two rescue workers came to his ________ (defend) when the accident happened.
③All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves ________ the sudden attacks.
④Mr Green stood up ________________ (为……辩护) the 16－year－old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
⑤Our duty is to ________________ (保卫国家不受……) its enemies.
⑥我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
I have to say ________________ that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
5.legal adj.法律的；合法的　legally adv.合法地
(教材P40)．..all have different education systems and legal systems.
……实行不同的教育和法律制度。
legal rights 合法权利
legal documents 法律文件
the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系
take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit 超过法定值
a legal adviser 法律顾问
reach the legal age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄
legal fees 律师费用
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。
词语拓展：
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
illegal drugs违禁药品
illegal activities非法活动
illegal printing matter非法印刷品
illegal publishing非法出版
illegal publications非法出版物
il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”
即学即练　完成句子
①Wild camping ________________ (是非法的)in England.
②More and more women today have learned to arise ________________________ (捍卫她们的合法权利)．
③出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。
____________________ most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
6.surround vt.围绕；包围　surrounding adj.附近的，四周的　surroundings n．环境(复数)
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surrounding atmosphere 周围空气
surrounding area 周围地区
surrounding environment 周围环境
beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境
They have surrounded the flat with the police.他们已派警察包围了这所公寓。
The small island with beautiful sight is surrounded by/with the sea.
那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。
David likes to surround himself with young people.戴维喜欢和年轻人在一起。
I work in pleasant surroundings.我在愉快的环境中工作。
词语拓展：
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They all went out to look for the lost child in the ________ (surround) villages.
②Some insects take on the colour of their ________ (surround) to protect themselves.
③The poet ________ (surround) by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech.
④________ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
⑤The garden ________________ (由……包围着) a fence，in which many small creatures live.
⑥The football star always ________________ (与……在一起) crazy fans.
7．evidence n．证据；根据；证明　evident adj.明显的，显然的　evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地
(教材P40)．..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围……
look for/search for evidence 寻找证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
hide evidence 隐藏证据
give evidence (出庭)作证
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
It is evident that...＝Evidently, ... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that... 有(一些)证据表明……(that引导的是同
位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)
At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们还没发现在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
Do you have evidence that some natives have seen the ancient statue
你有证据证明有些当地人看到过那座古老的雕像吗？
There is no evidence that the meeting actually took place.没有证据表明确实有过这次会面。
误区警示：
evidence是不可数名词
一项证据
知识拓展：
(1)there is＋no＋n.＋in doing sth.
There is no good in going there.
去那里没有什么好处。
There is no harm in doing that.
那样做并无害处。
There is no use in doing it. (＝It is no use doing it.)
干此事毫无用处。
There is no sense in waiting there.
在那里等下去毫无意义。
There is no point in doing so.
这样做毫无意义。
(2)there is＋no＋doing sth.(动词多为表“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：say, know等，后跟其它的特殊疑问词what, when等)。
There is no saying what may happen.没说会发生什么事。
There is no telling when he will return.没说他何时回来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知何时我们再相会。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①Enough ________ (evident) shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.
②All the evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
③Do you have evidence ________ this treatment works
④I was asked to ________________ (作证) at the trial.
⑤________________________________ (有明显证据表明) smoking causes heart disease.
⑥It is evident that he did not finish his homework on time yesterday.
→________ he did not finish his homework on time.
8．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到　achieve vt.实现；(经过努力)取得，达到　achievable adj.可实现的，可达到的
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
make an achievement 取得成就
a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就
quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就
the achievement of one's aim 某人目标的实现
a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve success/victory 获得成功/胜利
achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标
achieve one's dream 实现梦想
My friend won a gold medal in a calligraphy competition. I'm happy to know that he has made such an achievement.
我的朋友在书法比赛中获得了金牌。我很高兴知道他取得了这样的成就。
When I managed to reach the temple at the top of the mountain, I felt a sense of achievement.当我设法到达山顶的寺庙时，我有一种成就感。
词语拓展：
one's achievement in... 某人在……方面的成就
make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was hard work, but the sense of ________ (achieve) was huge.
②Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and ________ (achievement)．
③In the last few years, China________________________(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.
④Lucy ________________ (已经实现了所有的目标)she set for herself.
9.location n．地方；地点；位置　locate vt.找出……的准确位置
(教材P41)．..left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.……留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
the exact/precise location 确切位置
the geographical location 地理位置
the location of the factory 工厂的位置
a convenient/an ideal/a suitable location 方便的/理想的/合适的位置
He added that the theater's location was also a reason.
他补充说，剧院的位置也是一个原因。
His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.他的办公室位于浙江省杭州市的(中国美术学院)象山校区。
词语积累：
(1)locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
locate Berlin on the map在地图上找出柏林的位置
(2)located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
学法点拨：
位于……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The map shows the precise ________ (locate) of the crash.
②China ________ (locate) in the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres.
③________ (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
④Mount Huang ________________ (位于)Anhui Province.
10.battle n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
(教材P41)They conquered England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。
(1)n.战役；搏斗
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a(n)．..battle 打……的仗
accept the battle 应战
(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争
battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战
battle for justice 为正义而斗争
battle for life 为生存而战
The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.
登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。
They battled for freedom.他们为自由而战。
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.在去世之前，她与癌症做了长期斗争。
词语拓展：
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
fight for...为……而战
struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle agaist...与……作斗争
即学即练　单句语法填空/汉译英/完成句子
①When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle ________ myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
②The two candidates are battling ________ control of the company to ensure their own benefits.
③和困难作斗争________________
④争夺时间之战________________
⑤为争取同等权利而战________________
⑥为正义而斗争________________
⑦她曾与癌症抗争。
She had ____________________ cancer.
⑧警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。
The police ____________________ crime.
11.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的　fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住　fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的
(教材P41)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.联合王国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化交融的混合国度，拥有新旧两种传统。
a fascinating place 迷人的地方
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人
be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
词汇拓展：
fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住
sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人
sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对……着迷
be struck by...被……所迷住/打动
He was struck by the beauty of the Western Lake.他被西湖的美所迷住。
We are struck by the story of LeiFeng.我们被雷锋的故事所打动。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①CHRONOLOGICA is a ________ (fascinate) journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.
②I was ________ (fascinate) to hear about his travels in Britain.
③她的音乐让我着迷。
Her music fascinates me.＝I am fascinated ________ her music.
第二版块|重要短语
1.be confused by对……感到困惑　confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的　confuse vt.使困惑；(把……)混淆　confusing adj.令人困惑的　confusion n．困惑；混淆
(教材P40)．.. many people are confused by what these different names mean.
许多人被这些不同的名字的意思弄糊涂了。
confuse sb. 使某人困惑
confuse A and/with B 把A和B弄混
find sth. confusing 觉得……令人困惑
be confusing for sb. 令某人困惑
to avoid confusion 为避免混淆
be confused about 对……感到困惑
become/get confused 变得困惑
a confused expression 困惑的表情
She seems to be confused by the complicated organization structure.
她看来被这个复杂的组织结构给搞糊涂了。
I always confuse the sisters—they look so alike.
我总是分不清这对姐妹—她们看上去简直一模一样。
Don't confuse Austria with/and Australia.
不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。
词语拓展：
a very confusing experience 让人莫名其妙的经历
in confusion 困窘地
confusing adj. 令人困惑的(表示事物本身的特性的)
confused adj. 感到困惑的；糊涂的(说明人的心理状态)
What he said is confusing so I am confused with his confusing words.他说的话令人困惑不解，因此我对他令人困惑的话感到困惑不解。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She stepped down, looking ________(confuse)．
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a ________ (confuse) world.
③I always confuse you ________ your sister—you look so alike.
2．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.十六世纪，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。
connect...to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来(具体含义)
join in 参加；加入(做某事行列join＋组织名称)加入组织
join sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
每一个个人或团体都通过互联网与世界相连。
The engineer connected my computer with the others.
工程师把我的电脑与其他电脑连接起来。
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.
所有的家人同我一道祝你未来幸福。
There is no doubt that your disease is related to your unhealthy diet.
毫无疑问，你的病与你不健康的饮食有关。
词汇联想：
“与……有关系/有联系”的多种表达：
be related to
be linked with/to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
have a little to do with...与……有点关系
have little to do with与……几乎没有关系
have nothing to do with...与……毫无关系
have much to do with...与……有很大关系
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The island is joined ________ the mainland by a bridge.
②In the evening there was a barbecue, with the whole village ________ (join) in the fun.
③Do you know how many of them joined ________ the research project
④Enough sleep is ________ (connect) to general health conditions.
⑤将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。
________ one section of pipe ________the next.
⑥这个岛由一座桥与大陆相连。
The island ____________________________ the mainland by a bridge.
3.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
[句式分析]　该主从复合句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句一整句话的意思。该定语从句中，we have today同样是定语从句，修饰先行词name。
break off 中断；折断
break out 突然发生，爆发
break through 突破
break up 破碎；分解；解散；(关系)破裂
break down (机器等)出故障；垮掉；分散；失败
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴(不及物短语动词)
break into 破门而入；突然……起来(及物短语动词)
The teenager broke away from the volunteer and ran away.
这名少年从志愿者手中挣脱逃跑了。
With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break away from the Union.
因为有这么多问题尚未解决，所以有些国家想要脱离联邦。
误区警示：
break away中的away是副词，如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，构成短语break away from (从……中脱离)。
类似的动词还有
escape from...逃离……
get away from...摆脱……
run away from...逃离
fly away from...飞离……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away ________ it later because of conflicts.
②It was the fact that his car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
③The fire broke ________ during the day, so almost no one was injured.
④—I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken ________.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
⑤We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________ the office during the night.
⑥Startled by the sudden whistle of the train, the horse ________________ (逃脱)．
⑦The boy ________________ (挣脱) his mother and ran away.
4.result in导致，造成　result from由于；源自
(教材P40)．..the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today...……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于……
Work stress resulted in his mental illness.工作压力导致了他精神上的疾病。
He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He lost his job as a result of making one big mistake.他由于犯了个大错而丢了工作。
His illness resulted from the cold weather.他的病是天寒而致。
The cold weather resulted in his illness.天气寒冷致使他生病了。
易错比较：
因果
果因
学法点拨：
多种“导致”：result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to，cause
词语拓展：
as a consequence of...作为……的结果；由于
as a consequence结果，因此
in consequence of...由于……
in consequence所以
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The terrible accident resulted ________ careless driving.
②The terrible accident results________six deaths.
③He studies very hard. As________result, he now speaks brilliant English.
④He has a preference for literature as a result ________the influence from his mother.
⑤根据这篇文章，孩子们对书的恐惧和厌恶可能是由被强迫在别人面前朗读造成的。According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may ____________ being made to read aloud before others.
⑥他接管公司后，生意没有起色。结果，人们一个接一个地离开了公司。
After he took charge of the company, the business didn't pick up. As____________， people left the company one after another.
⑦斯派洛认为，我们不会因为互联网而成为记忆力差的人。
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories______________________ the Internet.
5.leave behind落下，忘带；留下；把……抛在后面
(教材P41)The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.维京人在8世纪出现，留下了许多新的词汇，也给美国境内的许多地方赋予了新的名字。
leave for 动身去
leave alone 不管；不打扰
leave aside 搁置一边，不考虑
leave out 遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落
用法说明：
leave behind短语中behind是副词，宾语若是人称代词，要放在leave与behind中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。
联想拓展：
leave for Beijing动身去北京
leave me alone不要打扰我
leave out the detail省去细节
leave out a letter漏掉一个字母
feel left out感觉被冷落
leave off停止，中断
Leave my umbrella behind on the train.把我的伞落在火车上。
In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon get left behind.
在课堂上，视力不好的孩子很快就会落在别人的后面。
Sarah, with her long legs, soon left the rest of us far behind.
萨拉腿长，很快就把我们其他人远远地抛在了后面。
即学即练　完成句子
①我们从来没有真正地被留在一个陌生的城市，但我们不打算冒险。
We ________ never actually ______________ in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.
②如果那家人只是把猫遗弃了怎么办？
What if the family had simply ________ the cat ________？
③在那个时候，女人比男人少得多，所以如果一个男人不想被忽视，他唯一的选择就是和另一个男人跳舞，这样他就可以吸引为数不多的女人的注意。
At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be________________, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.
6.refer to...as...把……称为……
(教材P40)．..the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.……联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
(1)refer to 提到，谈到；参考，查看，查阅；涉及，关于
refer to his experiences 谈到他的一些经历
refer to a dictionary 查字典
refer to the telephone directory 查电话簿
give the speech without referring to notes 脱稿发表演讲
refer to Asian problems 涉及亚洲问题
(2)refer...to... 把……提交……；把……归功于……；
把……称作……
The American Indians referred to salt as“magic white sand”．
美洲印第安人把盐称为“魔力白沙”。
He referred the case to the High Court.他把案子提交给高等法院处理。
Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不是缺乏能力。
学法点拨：
“把……看作/称为”的表达方式还有：
treat...as...　think of...as...
regard...as...　look on...as...
view...as...　consider...as...
词语积累：
reference n．参考；查阅；参考书目；推荐信
for future reference供日后参考
a reference book参考书
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The scientist referred to the discovery________the most exciting new development in this field.
②Who do you think the teacher is referring ________？
③Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ (refer)．
④You should refer this matter ________ the head office for a decision.
⑤Don't always ________________ (查字典)when you come across a new word.
⑥We agreed never to ________________ (提及)the matter again.
⑦I admire those who ________________ (认为帮助他人是)happiness.
⑧Coal ________________ (通常被称为)a fossil fuel.
⑨Put down the names of the products in your notebook ________________ (供日后参考)．
7.belong to 属于　(1)属于(某人)　(2)是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员　(3)是(某族类或纲目)的一部分，属于
(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to a club 是俱乐部的成员
a sense of belonging 归属感
The soccer ball belongs to Dan.这个足球是丹的。
He belongs to the badminton club.他是羽毛球俱乐部的成员。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。
误区警示：
①belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
这辆自行车是我的。
This bike belongs to me.(√)
This bike is belonged to me.(×)
This bike is belonging to me.(×)
②to是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作宾语。
③可用belong to的现在分词形式作后置定语。
The apartment belonging to me is in the center of the city.属于我的那套公寓位于市中心。
词语积累：
belongings n．(pl.)所有物；财产，财物(表达此意时必须用复数)
personal belongings个人财物，私人用品
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①As an author, he really belongs ________ the 18th century.
②I don't know ________ whom this computer belongs.
③The old house ________ (belong ) to my grandfather was still in good condition.
④I just escaped from the flood and all my ________ (belong) were swept away.
⑤Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________________ (属于)the well－educated.
⑥He was upset that the valuable watch ________________ (属于他的)was lost yesterday.
⑦他们参加同一个象棋俱乐部。
________________________________________________________________________
8.as well as
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。
as well as用法如下：
(1)意为“同(一样也)，和，还，不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
The athlete as well as his teammates is working out in the stadium at the moment.
那个运动员和他的队友们此刻正在体育馆里训练。
We expect her to do the housework as well as watch over the children.
我们不仅期盼她照看孩子，而且期盼她做家务。
Buying the house as well as decorating it cost him a lot of money.
买房子和装修花了他一大笔钱。
(2)意为“除……之外”，相当于in addition to。后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。
As well as knowing some Russian, she speaks English very well.
除了懂一些俄语外，她英语说得也很好。
误区警示：
(1)A as well as B强调A，作主语时谓语动词的数与A保持一致。有类似用法的还有along with，together with，rather than，with等。
Tom together with other graduates is not suitable to do the job.汤姆以及其他毕业生都不适合做这项工作。
(2)not only A but also B强调B，作主语时谓语动词的数与B保持一致。
I as well as Mary have adapted to the new environment.＝Not only Mary but also I have adapted to the new environment.不仅玛丽，我也适应了新环境。
(3)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。
He is smart, and kind as well.他很聪明，也很善良。
(4)和……一样好
I speak English as well as he does.我英语说得和他一样好。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, __________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
②Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,________(regard) as one of the best all－round forms of exercise.
③As well as________(be) one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China, Luoyang is considered to be the birthplace of Chinese culture and history.
④________________ (除……之外) translating novels, she works as an interpreter.
⑤He gave me some good tips ________________ (以及) some warnings.
⑥他不但种花，而且种菜。
He grows vegetables________________flowers.
He grows ________________flowers ________________ vegetables.
9．include doing sth.包含做某事
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
他们的一些成就包括修建城镇和道路。
[句式分析]　句子building towns and roads是动名词短语作谓语动词included的宾语。
动词include的用法：
(1)include sth./include doing sth. 包括，包含
(2)include 使成为……的一部分
(3)including (介词)，包括……(在内)
The breakfast includes bread and coffee.早餐包括面包和咖啡。
My hobbies include reading and swimming.我的爱好包括阅读和游泳。
You can include some examples in your article.你可以在文章中举些例子。
Everyone went to the party, including Jack.大家都去参加聚会了，包括杰克。
We watched a performance which included a puppet show and acrobatics.＝We watched a performance including a puppet show and acrobatics/a puppet show and acrobatics included.
我们观看了一场演出，内容有木偶和杂技。
误区警示：
including是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；included是过去分词用作形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语，即including A＝A included。
Everyone has to make a proposal at the meeting including you.＝Everyone has to make a proposal at the meeting, you included.
每个人都必须在会上提出一个建议，包括你在内。
即学即练　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①There were five of us, a designer and an editor ________ (include)．
②Let's exchange our views, ________ (include) our likes and dislikes.
③His schoolbag contains a lot of books, including a storybook.
→________________________________________________________________________
10．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
(教材P41)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
[句式分析]　keep one's eyes open (for)是“keep＋宾语＋形容词作补足语”结构，意为“睁大眼睛(留意)”＝keep an eye out (for)留心；留意。“keep one's eyes closed”闭着眼睛等。
(1)keep up 保持；继续
keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系
keep back 阻止；隐瞒
keep off 使……不接近
keep on 继续
(2)keep fit 保持健康
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.
留意一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色毛衣的男孩。
She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.
她问安是否能照看一下狗。
The lady walked around the shops, keeping her eyes open for/keeping an eye out for bargains.这位女士在各家商店逛来逛去，时刻注意着减价商品。
She was unable to keep back her tears, and wept freely.
她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
The explorers made a camp fire to keep off wild animals.
探险队员们燃起篝火，使野兽不敢走近。
I eat three apples a day to keep fit.为了保持健康我每天吃三个苹果。
归纳拓展：
fix one's eyes on注视，盯着看
keep an eye on照看，留意；密切注意
have an eye for对……有鉴赏力
look sb. in the eye(s)直视某人
keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干
keep one's promise 履行诺言
keep away (from)避免接近(……)
keep sb. from doing...阻止某人做……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You must keep your eyes open ________ the cars while crossing the street.
②You're walking so fast that I can't keep up ________ you.
③Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ________ burning.
④She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain ________.
⑤如果留意观察，你可以了解很多。
If you ________________ you can learn a great deal.
⑥我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！
I know it's hard, but ________________ ! Don't give up!
⑦我感觉他隐瞒着某件事。
I got the feeling that he was ________________.
⑧许多人跟不上技术的发展。
Many people cannot ________________ the development of technology.
11.date back to起源于，追溯到(＝date from)　date vi.始于(某一历史时期) n．日期；约会
(教材P41)．..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.……因为它是个古老的港口城市，历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
(1)句式分析：as引导一个原因状语从句。句中that引导一个定语从句修饰限制先行词city。
(2)date from/date back to常用于一般现在时，没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。
a law dating from the 17th century自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律
What's the date today 今天几号？
set/fix a date for... 确定……的日期
make a date to do sth. 约好做某事
out of date 过时的；过期的
up to date 现代的，最新的，时髦的
to date 迄今为止，到目前为止
have a date with sb. 与某人有约会
易错辨析：
date from/date back to＋表示具体时间的名词
date back＋表示一段时间的名词
经典例句：
(1)We made a date to have dinner.我们约好在一起吃晚饭。
(2)This dress is out of date.这条连衣裙过时了。
(3)This novel is his best book to date.这部小说是他迄今为止最好的作品。
(4)This style of dress is up to date.这种款式的连衣裙很时髦。
The temple dates back to/from 2000 years ago.这座庙宇始于2000年前。
The temple dates back 2000 years.这座庙宇有两千年了。
即学即练　完成句子
①修道院艺术博物馆及花园的吸引人之处在于它的收藏品可以追溯到中世纪。
The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections ________________ the Middle Ages.
②巨石阵是世界上最著名的史前遗迹之一，可追溯到5 000多年前。
Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments ________________ over 5,000 years.
③它是一个迷人的法国小时钟，由黄铜做成，可以追溯到19世纪。
It's a charming small French clock，made of brass and ________________ the nineteenth century.
12．all the way一路上；自始至终，一直；完全
(教材P41)．..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.……因为它是个古老的港口城市，历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 一点儿没有，绝不
in the way 挡道，碍事的
in this way 这样；通过这种方式
on the way 在路上；即将
out of the way 不挡道，不妨碍人，偏僻的
under way 在进行中
At 7 a．m. we started at the school gate. And then we ran all the way to the foot of the hill.早上7点，我们从学校门口出发。然后我们一路跑到山脚下。
News of his work travelled all the way to Asia.
有关他工作的消息一直传到了亚洲。
The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.
这家伙对此见怪不怪了，一路上跟我愉快地聊着天，直到爱丁堡。
词语拓展：
by way of 经由……，经过……方法
by the way 顺便提一下
give way to 让步，屈服
in sb's way 挡某人的路
keep/stay out of sb.'s way 避开某人
make one's way 前往
make way for sb./sth. 给……让路，给……让出空间
the other way around 在相反的方向；在相反的位置
fight one's way out 杀出去
push one's way out 挤出去
即学即练　完成句子
①我一直步行到家。
I walked ________________ home.
②You are my friend. I'll support you ________________ (完全/自始至终)．
③________________(决不) do I agree with your opinion.
④Your car is ________________ (挡道). Please move it.
⑤Keep on trying. Don't let anything stand ________________ (挡你的路/阻碍你)．
⑥He came to China ________________(经由) Japan.
第三版块|典型句式
1.if any如果有的话
(教材P40)So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
[句式分析]　if any是if there is/are any at all的省略形式，起加强语气的作用。
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
There are few, if any, mistakes in the book.那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。
I learn that Jack was injured in the car crash.If so, let's visit him this afternoon.
我听说杰克在车祸中受了伤。如果是这样，我们今天下午去拜访他吧。
You should be on a diet. If not, you will be overweight.你应该节食。否则你会超重的。
词语拓展：
if not 如果不是这样的话；否则，不然
if possible 如果可能的话
即学即练　完成句子
①It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ________________(如果是这样的话)，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
②Are you ready ________________ (如果没有)，I'm going without you.
③I'll help you without hesitation ________________ (如有必要)．
④Problems, ________________ (如果有的话)，should be solved without delay.
⑤I want to avoid the rush hour traffic ________________ (如果可能的话)．
⑥His children rarely, ________________ (如果曾经有的话)，see him at his place of work.
2．There be＋主语＋非谓语动词
(教材P41)There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。
[句式分析]　there is so much more to learn...是there be...结构。
There are many cases lying in the corner of the room.房间的角落里有许多箱子。
There are a lot of things to solve.有很多事情需要解决。
There is a large amount of money used in the development of new medicines.
有一大笔钱用于开发新药。
误区警示：
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost.
时间不容耽搁。
归纳拓展：
There be＋主语＋to do.(表示动作尚未发生)
There be＋主语＋doing.(表示主动和进行)
There be＋主语＋done.(表示被动或完成)
即学即练　单句语法填空/句式转换
①There are still millions of people ________ (suffer) from hunger nowadays.
②There will be some volunteers ________ (help) in remote areas.
③There is still some support ________ (give) by the local people.
④There is a castle ________ (build) in the 11th century.
⑤Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
⑥There are some students on the playground. They are playing basketball.
→There are some students on the playground ________________.
3．as引导的从句
(教材P41)The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。as在句中引导一个原因状语从句。状语从句中表语an ancient city由that引导的定语从句修饰。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
整个会议期间，我一直在盯着钟表，因为我要赶火车。
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.
随着年龄的增长，我成为了一名母亲，图书馆呈现出新的面貌，并给我的生活带来了新的意义。
Tired as he was, the general stayed up late.这位将军虽疲倦，但仍很晚才睡。
I have changed it as you suggested.我按照你建议的方式把它改了。
Mr. Smith is chosen to represent the company at the conference, as is often the case.
史密斯先生被选出来在会议上代表公司，这是经常的事。
as引导从句的情况：
①因为→引导原因状语从句
②随着，当……时→引导时间状语从句
③虽然；即使→引导让步状语从句
④按照……的方式→引导方式状语从句
⑤正好，如同→引导定语从句
即学即练　完成句子
①When in Roman, do ________ the Romans ________ (do)．
②I met a friend ________ I was walking to school.
③I have ________ many books ________ he ________.
④We couldn't go out ________ it was ________(rain)．
⑤________ (tire) ________ he was, he kept on ________ (work)．
4.must have done一定做过某事
(教材P41)I must have been asleep in that part of our history class!
我一定是在上历史课的那一部分时睡着了！
[句式分析]　must have done是“情态动词＋have done”结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测，仅用于肯定句中。
表示对过去事情的推测，通常有以下结构：
can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事
could have done 本能够做某事(而未做)
may/might have done 可能做过某事
should have done 本该做某事(而未做)
shouldn't have done 本不该做某事(却做了)
needn't have done 本没有必要做某事(却做了)
He must have spent a long time writing that essay.
他写那篇文章一定用了很长时间。
It is so near from the station. I needn't have taken the taxi.
离车站如此近，我本没必要乘出租车。(实际上已乘出租车了)
I could have passed the exam, but I was careless.(＝If I had not been too careless, I could have passed the exam.)我本可以通过这次考试的，但我太粗心了。
误区警示：
情态动词must 用于表推测的用法时，须注意：
(1)须跟表状态动词have, know和系动词be的原形连用。
如：①He must be a teacher.
②From the clothes she wears, she must have a lot of money.
③You must know him.你准是认识他。
(2)must跟其他非状态动词连用时，须用进行时或完成式来表推测。试比较：
①He must be working in the office now.他现在一定/准是在办公室。(推测)
He must work now！他现在必须工作！(命令)
②You must have read the book.你过去一定读过这本书。(推测)
You must read the book.你必须读这本书。(命令)
即学即练　完成句子
①保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must ________________ (practise) many times last week.
②在来新学校之前我本没有必要担心，因为这里的同学对我很友好。
I ________________ before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A ________ (港口)is a harbour area where ships load and unload goods or passengers.
2．You can seek ________ (法律的)aid when wildlife or cultural relics are threatened.
3．A ________ (王国)is a country or region that is ruled by a king with military force.
4．You can see a herd of cattle grazing on the plain ________ (附近的)．
5．The new kingdom established a new ________ (法律的) system and developed its own traditions.
6．The poet was ________ (围绕)by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech.
7．When the ship reached the port, ________ (证据)showed that it had gone through a storm.
8．They observed the exact ________ (位置)of the battle and found enough evidence.
9．________ (防御)is action that is taken to protect someone or something against attack.
10．If someone ________ (属于)to a particular group, they are a member of that group.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Most people use the ________ (shorten) name “the UK” for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2．London is an ancient port city that has a history ________ (date) all the way back to Roman times.
3．I am often ________ (puzzle) by his philosophy.
4．Whatever I do, I ensure to do it right, do it ________ (legal) and do it by the rules.
5．Why is it important to study the history and culture of the United Kingdom before ________ (pay) a visit to it
6．That's why it ________ (call) the United Kingdom.
7．The Normans________ (conquer) England after the well－known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
8．According ________ the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
9．They use the same flag, ________ (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
10．The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history ________ (explore)．
Ⅲ.短语填空
be joined to， break away from， belong to， as well as， military defence， be surrounded by， make great achievements， fight a battle against， keep one's eyes open， result in
1．The pop star ________________ a crowd of crazy fans, who were eager to meet her.
2．We should ________________ pollution to protect our environment.
3．He gave me some good tips ________________ some warnings.
4．There are many great men in the world, who ________________________ different stages of the history of mankind.
5．Sometimes, several kingdoms ________________ each other so that the power was increased.
6．The ancient people built towers in different locations for ________________.
7．The couple announced that they had ________________ each other in the end.
8．The accident________________ heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed.
9．Yuan Longping ________________ to the world in the raising of production of rice.
10．We should ________________ for the spelling mistakes in our compositions.
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
Studying British history can help you understand 1.________ the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean. In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 18th century, Scotland was joined 2.________ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, the southern part of Ireland 3.________ (break) away from the UK, which resulted 4.________ the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some differences. The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, 5.________ can help you understand much more about the country and 6.________ (it) traditions. No matter where you go in the UK, you will 7.________ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 8.________ (study) the history of the country will make your visit much more 9.________ (enjoy). The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old 10.________ (tradition)．
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
语篇细研·教材精读
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．D　2.B　3.B　4.C　5.A
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①chief　②chief　③editor－in－chief　④chief　⑤chief
2．①in　②over　③out　④puzzled　⑤puzzling　⑥in a puzzle　
⑦What puzzles me is
3．①nearby　②nears　③nearby　④nearly　⑤Nearly　⑥near
4．①against　②defence　③against/from　④in defence of　⑤defend our country/motherland from/against　⑥in her defence
5．①is illegal　②in defence of their legal rights　③For legal reasons
6．①surrounding　②surroundings　③is surrounded　④Surrounded　⑤is surrounded by/with　⑥surrounds himself with
7．①evidence　②shows　is　③that　④give evidence　⑤There is clear evidence that　⑥Evidently
8．①achievement　②achievements　③has made great achievements　④has achieved all the goals
9．①location　②is located　③Located　④is located/situated in/lies in
10．①against　②for　③battle against difficulties　④battle against time　⑤battle for equal rights　⑥battle for justice　⑦battled against　⑧are fighting a tough battle against
11．①fascinating　②fascinated　③by或with
第二版块|重要短语
1．①confused　②confusing　③with
2．①to　②joining　③in　④connected　⑤Join, to或Connect, to/with/and　⑥is joined to
3．①from　②down　③out　④up　⑤into　⑥broke away　⑦broke away from
4．①from　②in　③a　④of　⑤result from　⑥a result　⑦as a result of
5．①were　left behind　②left　behind　③left out
6．①as　②to　③reference　④to　⑤refer to the dictionary　⑥refer to　⑦refer to helping others as　⑧is usually referred to as　⑨for future reference
7．①to　②to　③belonging　④belongings　⑤belongs to　
⑥belonging to him　⑦They belong to the same chess class.
8．①is　②is regarded　③being　④As well as/In addition to　⑤as well as　⑥as well as　not only; but also
9．①included　②including　③His schoolbag contains a lot of books, a storybook included.
10．①for　②with　③from　④off　⑤keep your eyes open　⑥keep at it　⑦keeping something back　⑧keep up with
11．①date from　②dating back　③dating from
12．①all the way　②all the way　③In no way　④in the way　⑤in your way　⑥by way of
第三版块|典型句式
1．①If so　②If not　③if necessary　④if any　⑤if possible　
⑥if ever
2．①suffering　②to help　③given　④built　⑤watching　
⑥playing basketball
3．①as　do　②as/when　③as　as　does　④as　raining　⑤Tired　as　working
4．①have practised　②needn't have worried
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．port　2.legal　3.kingdom　4.nearby　5.legal　6.surrounded
7．evidence　8.location　9.Defence　10.belongs
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．shortened　2.dating　3.puzzled　4.legally　5.paying　6.is called　7.conquered　8.to　9.known　10.to explore
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．was surrounded by　2.fight a battle against　3.as well as　
4．belong to　5.were joined to　6.military defence　7.broken away from　8.resulted in　9.made great achievements　10.keep our eyes open
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
1．what　2.to create　3.broke　4.in　5.which　6.its　7.be surrounded　8.Studying　9.enjoyable　10.traditions
39(共57张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
语法精讲·难点透析
第一版块|核心词汇
1.charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电　in charge主管；看管
(教材P42)．..where we could get our car battery charged.
……在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
(1)v.充电；收费，要价；指控，控告
charge sb. some money for sth. 因某事而(向某人)收……费
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控/指责某人(做)某事
charge a battery 给电池充电
(2)n.主管，掌管；费用，收费；指控，控告
take charge of 负责，掌管(短语动词)
in charge of 负责，掌管(短语介词)
in the charge of＝in one's charge 由……负责/掌管
free of charge 免费
He forgot to charge the battery.他忘记给电池充电了。
How much/What do you charge for the repairs？你收多少修理费？
The restaurant charged (me) $20 for dinner.这家餐馆收了(我)20美元的餐费。
He was charged with hunting Yangtze River dolphins.他被指控捕杀白 豚。
The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.
在她掌管之前，这家公司一直管理很差。
There is a charge for using the application.使用这个应用程序要收费。
You can play soccer in the stadium free of charge.你们可以在体育场内免费踢足球。
He is facing a charge of destroying cultural relics.他面临着毁坏文物的指控。
My uncle is in charge of an art gallery.＝An art gallery is in the charge of my uncle.
我叔叔掌管一家美术馆。
词汇拓展：
in control of sb.掌控某人
in the control of sb.由某人掌控
in possession of sth.占有/拥有……
in the possession of sb.被某人所占有/拥有
①Now the teacher is in control of 55 pupils in class, which means that the 55 pupils in class are in the control of the teacher.现在这位老师掌控着班上55名学生，意思是说班里55名学生由这位老师所掌控。
②His destendants are now in possession of his manuscript.后代现在保存他的手稿。
→His manuscript is now in the possession of his descendants.他的手稿现在由他的后代所保存。
即学即练　单句语法填空/写出句中charge的词性和词义/完成句子
①How much do you charge me ________ it
—No. In fact it is free ________ charge at the weekend.
②He was charged ________ murder and sentenced to death.
③Mother puts the baby in ________ charge of the baby-sitter while she is out.
④The charge for transport will be increased because the price of petrol is going up. ________
⑤I wonder how much you charge for your service. ________
for
of
with
the
n.费用
v.收费
⑥The police charged the young man with car theft. ________
⑦He is charging a storage battery. ________
⑧The company used to be in his direct charge. ________
⑨The man who had ______________ (掌管) the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
⑩I'll be __________ (负责) the whole factory next week when the director is away.
The watch is worth 20 dollars. You can get it ____________ (免费) if you are willing to lend us a hand.
vt.指控
vt.充电
n.主管
taken charge of
in charge of
free of charge
2.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称　announcement n．通知，公告　an official announcement官方公告
(教材P42)．..we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
……我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。
(1)“动词＋sth. to sb.\”结构：
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……
introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍……
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议……
report sth. to sb. 向某人报告……
(2)It is＋过去分词＋that...
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition to us.
当他向我们宣布比赛的获胜者时，大家都沉默了。
They announced that a cold wave would come soon.他们宣布说不久寒潮就要来。
It was announced that all prisoners would be set free.已宣布全部囚犯都将获释。
误区警示：
announce sb. sth. (×)
announce sth. to sb. (√)
用法相同的动词还有suggest，explain，report，say等。

词语辨析：announce与declare
(1) announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众；
(2) declare指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。

词语积累：
announcement n．宣告，宣布；通知
make an announcement宣布通告
announce sth. to sb. ＝announce to sb. sth.向某人宣布某事
sb. announce that...宣布……
as is announced正如宣布的那样
It is announced that...据报道……
即学即练　单句语法填空/辨析填空：announce/declare
①The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news ________ the reporters.
②We are pleased __________ (announce) that all five candidates were successful.
③________ is announced in today's newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique.
④The president made an unexpected________________(announce) this morning.
to
to announce
As
announcement
⑤At the end of their meeting, ________ was announced that an agreement had been reached.
⑥We have launched another man-made satellite, which is ________ in today's newspaper.
⑦Jane ________ that she would rather resign than change her decision.
it
announced
declared
3．amount n．金额；数量　amount vi.总计，等于
(教材P42)We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音使我们感到非常惊讶。
the amount of＋不可数名词 ……的数量
reduce the amount of fat 减少脂肪的含量
in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
a large/small amount of... 大量/少量的……
amount to 合计；总共达到
A large amount of money was spent on the protection of the rare species.＝Large amounts of money were spent on the protection of the rare species.大量的钱花在了保护稀有物种上。
He withdraws money from the bank in large amounts.他从银行里取出一大笔钱。
误区警示：
a large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词(谓语动词的数与amount的单复数形式保持一致)
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词

易错比较：the number of与a number of
the number of... ……的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
a number of许多的，大量的，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.
②There ________ (be) large amounts of information about the author's birthplace.
③A number of high buildings ________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
④Large quantities of water ________ (waste) every year.
is
are
have arisen
are wasted
⑤The number of people killed in traffic accidents ________ (be) at least 400.
⑥Over the years, there ________ (be)a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
⑦他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。(amount)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
⑧他们买房子的钱总计达500万元。(用amount to)
___________________________________________________________
is
have been
They spent a large amount of time on this problem./They spent large amounts of time on this problem.
The money they spent on the house amounts to 5 million dollars.
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近　approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的
(教材P42)It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。
(1)vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
approach the house 走近房子
see/hear sb. /sth. approaching 看到/听到某人/某物正在接近
be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/难以接近
approach the problem/matter 处理问题
(2)n.接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路径
the approach of... ……的来临/临近
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/方式
As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left.
你快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。
What's the best way of approaching this problem
什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？
The editor heard footsteps approaching.编辑听到脚步声走过来。
Winter is approaching.冬天就要来临。
the approach of autumn秋天的来临
In my view, the best approach to working out is to go jogging every day.
在我看来，锻炼最好的方式是每天慢跑。
the approaches to the port通往港口的道路
词语辨析：approach, way, means 与 method
用这种方法 做某事的方法
approach the approach to doing sth.
way in this way the way to do/of doing sth.
means by this means the means of doing sth.
method with this method the method of/for doing sth.
词语积累：
①approaching adj.接近的，逼近的
②just around/round the corner在附近；即将发生；即将来临
③be drawing hear将近
一句多译：
期末考试即将来临。
①The final exam is approaching.
②The final exam is drawing near.
③The final exam is just around the corner.
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①________________ (……快到的时候) the interview, he became rather nervous and upset.
②John, a popular teacher, has _____________ (一种……的方法)making his literature classes lively.
③The expert is a person _______________ (容易接近)．
④A typhoon _____________________ (正接近香港)．
⑤What we need are new approaches _____ solving the problem.
⑥Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to ______ (work) things out.
⑦____ this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.
⑧However, there are also some problems _____ this teaching method.
At the approach of
an approach to
easy to approach
is approaching Hong Kong
to
working
In
with
5.fix one's eyes on注视，凝视，集中注意力于＝fix one's attention on/upon
(教材P42)Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers.
朱迪的眼睛盯着梵高的《向日葵》画作。
[句式分析]　have sth. done为固定结构，意为“使某物被做”，这里“had her eyes fixed on...”意为“使她的双眼盯视着……”
fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视，集中注意力于……
fix one's eyes/attention on 集中注意力于……
with one's eyes fixed on 集中注意力于……
fix one's mind on... 集中注意力于……上
in/to one's eyes 依某人看；在某人眼里
keep an eye on sb. /sth. 照看某人/某物
have an eye for sth. 对某事物有鉴赏力
an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙
I have my hair cut every month.我每个月都(让人给我)理发。
She had her tickets booked by the travel agency.她让旅行社给她订着票。
Everyone fixed their eyes on the singer as he walked out onto the stage.
当那位歌手登上舞台时，大家都把目光投向了她。
易错警示：
高考对fix one's eyes on, fix one's attention/mind on的考查通常是以独立主格结构、with复合结构或keep复合结构的形式出现，以考查fix的非谓语动词形式。只要掌握fix和one's eyes/attention/mind之间是被动关系，就可以判断出fix应使用过去分词形式。
With my eyes/attention/mind fixed upon my home work, I didn't know what had happened outside the house.由于我的注意力集中在作业上，我不知屋外所发生的事。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention ________ the eyes.
②I stood still with my whole attention ________ ( fix) on the movements of her finger.
③当你把注意力集中在好的事情上时，你的态度会有所好转。
Your attitude would be improved when you ___________________ good things.
on
fixed
fix your attention on
6.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的　generously adv.慷慨大方地　generosity n．慷慨；大方
(教材P42)Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family...
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里……
be generous to sb. 对某人很慷慨
be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事
be generous with sth. 在某方面很大方
It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。
be generous with your time/money 不吝惜你的时间/金钱
be generous in giving help 乐于助人
a generous gift/offer 丰厚的礼物/慷慨的提议
词语积累：
generously adv.慷慨地，大方地
generosity n．慷慨，大方
mean adj.吝啬的，小气的[反义词]
Although he was not rich, he was very generous to his needy friends.
他虽然不富有，但对贫困的朋友却很慷慨。
Jim is very generous with his time.吉姆毫不吝惜他的时间。
It was generous of them to invite Anna along.他们邀请安娜一起去，真是大方。
a generous mind宽阔的胸怀

词义拓展：
mean 的易混点
(1)mean (meant, meant) v．(不用于进行时)表示……的意思
What does this word mean 这个单词什么意思？
(2)(不用于进行时)意思是说
I mean we should improve the quality of the product.我的意思是说我们应提高产品质量。
(3)(不用进行时)意欲，打算
Sorry, I didn't mean it.对不起，我不是故意的。
(4)mean to do...打算做……
mean sb. to do...打算让某人做某事
(5)mean (sb.) doing...意味着(某人)做……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The volunteers are very generous ________ the kids.
②They are very generous ________ their money.
③It was generous ________ him to offer to pay for us both.
④Those people, in turn, will connect better with others and treat them more _________ (generous)．
⑤He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money from his uncle. Instead, he _______________________ (做出慷慨的捐赠)to help the community.
⑥____________________(你真慷慨)to share your food with me, Jack.
to
with
of
generously
made a generous contribution
It is/was generous of you
7.ensure (＝make sure of) vt.保证；确保；担保
(教材P42)She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。
ensure (that)．.. 确保……(＝make sure that...)
be certain/sure of/about 对……有把握
be certain/sure that. 对……有把握
be certain/sure who/what/how, etc. 对……有把握
ensure the safety of... 确保……的安全
make certain/sure of 弄清楚；确保
for certain/sure 确定，无疑
误区警示：
It is certain that...肯定会……
It's certain that we will succeed. (√)
It's ture that we will succeed. (×)
be sure to do sth.用于祈使句表示“务必要做某事”时，不能用certain替换sure。
Be sure to give your family my regards.务必代我向你的家人问好。

学法点拨：
在日常英语中，人们一般说make sure，而不说ensure。
I will ensure that the car arrives by six o'clock.
我保证汽车六点之前到。
Go and ensure the place and time.＝Go and make sure of the place and time.
去把时间和地点弄清楚。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't ________ (sure) that he will be there on time.
②Please _________ (确保) all the windows are closed. The storm is approaching.
③The police's duty is to ________________ (确保……的安全) citizens.
ensure
make sure
ensure the safety of
8.position n．位置；姿态；职位vt.(小心地)放置，安置
(教材P42)They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.他们站在山上，用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。
(in) first/second position 第一名/第二名
the geographical position 地理位置
in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/awkward position 使某人处于有利的/尴尬的境地
in a position of power/strength 处于有权力/有实力的地位
hold the position of... 担任……职务
one's position on... 某人在……方面的立场
take the position that... 认为…
position oneself 站在某地
误区警示：
当position，situation，point，case，stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导。

They are now in a better position where they can be very successful this year.他们现在处于一个较好的境况中，今年他们可能会很成功。
sitting/standing/lying position坐姿/站姿/卧姿
take up her position as chief editor of the publishing house担任出版社的总编辑
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Ensure that everything is _____ position when we come back to the room.
②We were put in a position ________ we had to either accept we were less important, or fight the government.
③I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make up my mind.
④As soon as his officers were __________ (就位)，the police commander walked up the path towards the house.
⑤One of the cups is ____________ (位置不对)．Put it back in place.
in
where
where
in position
out of position
第二版块|单元语法——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
1．Data ________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
2．It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball ________ (roll)．
3．When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum ________ (call) the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.
4．More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many ________ (seek) employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
collected
rolling
called
seeking
5．The Center offers programs ________ (design) to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
6．In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels ________ (publish) in Britain.
7．But the amount of time ________ (spend) in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
8．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
9．Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
10．China's image is improving steadily, with more countries _________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
designed
published
spent
designed
marked
recognizing
11．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．
12．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
13．In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ______ (hide) within the work.
14．To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
15．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
taken
spent
hidden
conducted
permitted
16.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.
17．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
18．Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her.
19．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.
20．Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
21．There are still many problems ________________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
taken
returned
appointed
developed
watching
to be solved/to solve
22．There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.
23．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ________ (use) in daily conversations.
24．When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
25．You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
saying
used
blocked
offered
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置。
(1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。
*The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
*Many used cars are on sale now, and you can go to find a good one.(前置定语)
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
*The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.(后置定语)
被日常废物污染的河水现在又脏又臭。
*His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.(后置定语)
他的小说深受读者欢迎，很值得读。
2．过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。
*I don't like the book written by Martin (＝which was written by Martin)．
我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。
*Our class went on a trip organized by our school (＝which was organized by our school) last Monday.
上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground in fall.
秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
*The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
3．过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*The bridge, built last year (＝which was built last year), is in use now.
这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。
*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes (＝which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store.
用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
*Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.
昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
*When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2．用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
*He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.
在国外旅行期间，他说英语的语速很慢，尽力让人们理解自己的意思。
*When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed.
当他工作时，他喜欢关着房间的门。
*He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
*He nearly/almost had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.
几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。
【易错精点】
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构的含义：
(1)表示主语请别人做某事；
(2)表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情；
(3)表示普通的被动含义，意为“使得……”。
3．用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
*With his speech finished, he sat down and went on to listen to the others' speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
*The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
【易错精点】
“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。
4．用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
*The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
*The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.
老板命令计划尽可能快地被执行。
*She expected a necklace bought as a gift for her birthday.
她希望有人买一条项链送给她作生日礼物。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Lake_______(pollute) by daily waste before is now clean and clear.
2．The new film ________ (put on) yesterday is well worth seeing.
3．I spoke aloud in order to make myself ________ (hear) by my grandfather.
4．We see an old man sweeping the ________ (fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office.
5．Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time ________ (leave) for us to finish this task.
6．Generally speaking, the children ________ (bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes.
7．It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl ________ (dress) in a red skirt at the first sight.
polluted
put on
heard
fallen
left
brought
dressed
8．As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world.
9．There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared.
10．I was ________ (surprise) to find my hometown ________ (change) so much.
11．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (complete), he gladly accepted it.
12．Don't leave the water ________ (run) while you are brushing your teeth.
13．The yoga club, ________ (open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers.
founded
excited
surprised
changed
completed
running
opened
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They're having a meeting to discuss the serious problem ________________.
2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
To solve the problem, we should meet the demand _____________________.
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn't ___________________ on the bus.
4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
You'd better _________________________ before all the guests are seated.
5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to ____________________________.
6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter _________________ in the new nursery.
known to everybody
made by the customers
notice his wallet stolen
leave all the dishes untouched
find her valuable necklace lost
taken good care of
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
English is a language 1.________ (speak) all around the world. There are more than 42 countries 2.________ most of the people speak English. And most native speakers of English 3.________ (find) in the UK, the US, Canada, and many other countries. In total, English is the mother tongue of more than 375 million people. An equal (相等的) number of people learn English as 4.________ second language. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language 5.________ (be) more than 750 million.
spoken
where
are found
a
is
In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most 6.________ (wide) spoken and used in the world. Foreign staff in China are not requested 7.________ (learn) Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students can talk with them using English. You can listen to English songs 8.________ the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. Believe 9.________ or not, English 10.___________ (enrich) our lives since it came to China.
widely
to learn
on/over
it
has enrichedSection Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
第一版块|核心词汇
1.charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电　in charge主管；看管
(教材P42)．..where we could get our car battery charged.
……在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
(1)v.充电；收费，要价；指控，控告
charge sb. some money for sth. 因某事而(向某人)收……费
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控/指责某人(做)某事
charge a battery 给电池充电
(2)n.主管，掌管；费用，收费；指控，控告
take charge of 负责，掌管(短语动词)
in charge of 负责，掌管(短语介词)
in the charge of＝in one's charge 由……负责/掌管
free of charge 免费
He forgot to charge the battery.他忘记给电池充电了。
How much/What do you charge for the repairs？你收多少修理费？
The restaurant charged (me) $20 for dinner.这家餐馆收了(我)20美元的餐费。
He was charged with hunting Yangtze River dolphins.他被指控捕杀白豚。
The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.
在她掌管之前，这家公司一直管理很差。
There is a charge for using the application.使用这个应用程序要收费。
You can play soccer in the stadium free of charge.你们可以在体育场内免费踢足球。
He is facing a charge of destroying cultural relics.他面临着毁坏文物的指控。
My uncle is in charge of an art gallery.＝An art gallery is in the charge of my uncle.
我叔叔掌管一家美术馆。
词汇拓展：
in control of sb.掌控某人
in the control of sb.由某人掌控
in possession of sth.占有/拥有……
in the possession of sb.被某人所占有/拥有
①Now the teacher is in control of 55 pupils in class, which means that the 55 pupils in class are in the control of the teacher.现在这位老师掌控着班上55名学生，意思是说班里55名学生由这位老师所掌控。
②His destendants are now in possession of his manuscript.后代现在保存他的手稿。
→His manuscript is now in the possession of his descendants.他的手稿现在由他的后代所保存。
即学即练　单句语法填空/写出句中charge的词性和词义/完成句子
①How much do you charge me ________ it
—No. In fact it is free ________ charge at the weekend.
②He was charged ________ murder and sentenced to death.
③Mother puts the baby in ________ charge of the baby-sitter while she is out.
④The charge for transport will be increased because the price of petrol is going up. ________
⑤I wonder how much you charge for your service. ________
⑥The police charged the young man with car theft. ________
⑦He is charging a storage battery. ________
⑧The company used to be in his direct charge. ________
⑨The man who had ____________________ (掌管) the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
⑩I'll be ____________________________ (负责) the whole factory next week when the director is away.
The watch is worth 20 dollars. You can get it ______________________ (免费) if you are willing to lend us a hand.
2.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称　announcement n．通知，公告　an official announcement官方公告
(教材P42)．..we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
……我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。
(1)“动词＋sth. to sb.\”结构：
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……
introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍……
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议……
report sth. to sb. 向某人报告……
(2)It is＋过去分词＋that...
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition to us.
当他向我们宣布比赛的获胜者时，大家都沉默了。
They announced that a cold wave would come soon.他们宣布说不久寒潮就要来。
It was announced that all prisoners would be set free.已宣布全部囚犯都将获释。
误区警示：
announce sb. sth. (×)
announce sth. to sb. (√)
用法相同的动词还有suggest，explain，report，say等。
词语辨析：announce与declare
(1) announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众；
(2) declare指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
词语积累：
announcement n．宣告，宣布；通知
make an announcement宣布通告
announce sth. to sb. ＝announce to sb. sth.向某人宣布某事
sb. announce that...宣布……
as is announced正如宣布的那样
It is announced that...据报道……
即学即练　单句语法填空/辨析填空：announce/declare
①The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news ________ the reporters.
②We are pleased ________ (announce) that all five candidates were successful.
③________ is announced in today's newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique.
④The president made an unexpected ________ (announce) this morning.
⑤At the end of their meeting, ________ was announced that an agreement had been reached.
⑥We have launched another man-made satellite, which is ________ in today's newspaper.
⑦Jane ________ that she would rather resign than change her decision.
3．amount n．金额；数量　amount vi.总计，等于
(教材P42)We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音使我们感到非常惊讶。
the amount of＋不可数名词 ……的数量
reduce the amount of fat 减少脂肪的含量
in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
a large/small amount of... 大量/少量的……
amount to 合计；总共达到
A large amount of money was spent on the protection of the rare species.＝Large amounts of money were spent on the protection of the rare species.大量的钱花在了保护稀有物种上。
He withdraws money from the bank in large amounts.他从银行里取出一大笔钱。
误区警示：
a large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词(谓语动词的数与amount的单复数形式保持一致)
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词
易错比较：the number of与a number of
the number of... ……的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
a number of许多的，大量的，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.
②There ________ (be) large amounts of information about the author's birthplace.
③A number of high buildings ________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
④Large quantities of water ________ (waste) every year.
⑤The number of people killed in traffic accidents ________ (be) at least 400.
⑥Over the years, there ________ (be)a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
⑦他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。(amount)
________________________________________________________________________
⑧他们买房子的钱总计达500万元。(用amount to)
________________________________________________________________________
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近　approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的
(教材P42)It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。
(1)vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
approach the house 走近房子
see/hear sb. /sth. approaching 看到/听到某人/某物正在接近
be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/难以接近
approach the problem/matter 处理问题
(2)n.接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路径
the approach of... ……的来临/临近
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/方式
As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left.
你快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。
What's the best way of approaching this problem
什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？
The editor heard footsteps approaching.编辑听到脚步声走过来。
Winter is approaching.冬天就要来临。
the approach of autumn秋天的来临
In my view, the best approach to working out is to go jogging every day.
在我看来，锻炼最好的方式是每天慢跑。
the approaches to the port通往港口的道路
词语辨析：approach, way, means 与 method
用这种方法 做某事的方法
approach the approach to doing sth.
way in this way the way to do/of doing sth.
means by this means the means of doing sth.
method with this method the method of/for doing sth.
词语积累：
①approaching adj.接近的，逼近的
②just around/round the corner在附近；即将发生；即将来临
③be drawing hear将近
一句多译：
期末考试即将来临。
①The final exam is approaching.
②The final exam is drawing near.
③The final exam is just around the corner.
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①____________________________________________(……快到的时候) the interview, he became rather nervous and upset.
②John, a popular teacher, has __________________________________ (一种……的方法)making his literature classes lively.
③The expert is a person ______________________________ (容易接近)．
④A typhoon ________________________________ (正接近香港)．
⑤What we need are new approaches ________ solving the problem.
⑥Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to ________ (work) things out.
⑦________ this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.
⑧However, there are also some problems ________ this teaching method.
5.fix one's eyes on注视，凝视，集中注意力于＝fix one's attention on/upon
(教材P42)Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers.
朱迪的眼睛盯着梵高的《向日葵》画作。
[句式分析]　have sth. done为固定结构，意为“使某物被做”，这里“had her eyes fixed on...”意为“使她的双眼盯视着……”
fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视，集中注意力于……
fix one's eyes/attention on 集中注意力于……
with one's eyes fixed on 集中注意力于……
fix one's mind on... 集中注意力于……上
in/to one's eyes 依某人看；在某人眼里
keep an eye on sb. /sth. 照看某人/某物
have an eye for sth. 对某事物有鉴赏力
an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙
I have my hair cut every month.我每个月都(让人给我)理发。
She had her tickets booked by the travel agency.她让旅行社给她订着票。
Everyone fixed their eyes on the singer as he walked out onto the stage.
当那位歌手登上舞台时，大家都把目光投向了她。
易错警示：
高考对fix one's eyes on, fix one's attention/mind on的考查通常是以独立主格结构、with复合结构或keep复合结构的形式出现，以考查fix的非谓语动词形式。只要掌握fix和one's eyes/attention/mind之间是被动关系，就可以判断出fix应使用过去分词形式。
With my eyes/attention/mind fixed upon my home work, I didn't know what had happened outside the house.由于我的注意力集中在作业上，我不知屋外所发生的事。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention ________ the eyes.
②I stood still with my whole attention ________ ( fix) on the movements of her finger.
③当你把注意力集中在好的事情上时，你的态度会有所好转。
Your attitude would be improved when you ________________________ good things.
6.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的　generously adv.慷慨大方地　generosity n．慷慨；大方
(教材P42)Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family...
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里……
be generous to sb. 对某人很慷慨
be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事
be generous with sth. 在某方面很大方
It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。
be generous with your time/money 不吝惜你的时间/金钱
be generous in giving help 乐于助人
a generous gift/offer 丰厚的礼物/慷慨的提议
Although he was not rich, he was very generous to his needy friends.
他虽然不富有，但对贫困的朋友却很慷慨。
Jim is very generous with his time.吉姆毫不吝惜他的时间。
It was generous of them to invite Anna along.他们邀请安娜一起去，真是大方。
a generous mind宽阔的胸怀
词语积累：
generously adv.慷慨地，大方地
generosity n．慷慨，大方
mean adj.吝啬的，小气的[反义词]
词义拓展：
mean 的易混点
(1)mean (meant, meant) v．(不用于进行时)表示……的意思
What does this word mean 这个单词什么意思？
(2)(不用于进行时)意思是说
I mean we should improve the quality of the product.我的意思是说我们应提高产品质量。
(3)(不用进行时)意欲，打算
Sorry, I didn't mean it.对不起，我不是故意的。
(4)mean to do...打算做……
mean sb. to do...打算让某人做某事
(5)mean (sb.) doing...意味着(某人)做……
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The volunteers are very generous ________ the kids.
②They are very generous ________ their money.
③It was generous ________ him to offer to pay for us both.
④Those people, in turn, will connect better with others and treat them more ________ (generous)．
⑤He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money from his uncle. Instead, he ______________________________________ (做出慷慨的捐赠)to help the community.
⑥____________________________________________ (你真慷慨)to share your food with me, Jack.
7.ensure (＝make sure of) vt.保证；确保；担保
(教材P42)She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。
ensure (that)．.. 确保……(＝make sure that...)
be certain/sure of/about 对……有把握
be certain/sure that. 对……有把握
be certain/sure who/what/how, etc. 对……有把握
ensure the safety of... 确保……的安全
make certain/sure of 弄清楚；确保
for certain/sure 确定，无疑
I will ensure that the car arrives by six o'clock.
我保证汽车六点之前到。
Go and ensure the place and time.＝Go and make sure of the place and time.
去把时间和地点弄清楚。
误区警示：
It is certain that...肯定会……
It's certain that we will succeed. (√)
It's ture that we will succeed. (×)
be sure to do sth.用于祈使句表示“务必要做某事”时，不能用certain替换sure。
Be sure to give your family my regards.务必代我向你的家人问好。
学法点拨：
在日常英语中，人们一般说make sure，而不说ensure。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't ________ (sure) that he will be there on time.
②Please ____________ (确保) all the windows are closed. The storm is approaching.
③The police's duty is to ____________________ (确保……的安全) citizens.
8.position n．位置；姿态；职位vt.(小心地)放置，安置
(教材P42)They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.他们站在山上，用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。
(in) first/second position 第一名/第二名
the geographical position 地理位置
in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/awkward position 使某人处于有利的/尴尬的境地
in a position of power/strength 处于有权力/有实力的地位
hold the position of... 担任……职务
one's position on... 某人在……方面的立场
take the position that... 认为…
position oneself 站在某地
sitting/standing/lying position坐姿/站姿/卧姿
take up her position as chief editor of the publishing house担任出版社的总编辑
误区警示：
当position，situation，point，case，stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导。
They are now in a better position where they can be very successful this year.他们现在处于一个较好的境况中，今年他们可能会很成功。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Ensure that everything is ________ position when we come back to the room.
②We were put in a position ________ we had to either accept we were less important, or fight the government.
③I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make up my mind.
④As soon as his officers were ________________ (就位)，the police commander walked up the path towards the house.
⑤One of the cups is ________________ (位置不对)．Put it back in place.
第二版块|单元语法——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
1．Data ________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
2．It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball ________ (roll)．
3．When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum ________ (call) the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.
4．More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many ________ (seek) employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
5．The Center offers programs ________ (design) to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
6．In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels ________ (publish) in Britain.
7．But the amount of time ________ (spend) in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
8．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
9．Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
10．China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
11．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．
12．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
13．In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ______ (hide) within the work.
14．To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
15．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
16.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.
17．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
18．Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her.
19．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.
20．Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
21．There are still many problems ____________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
22．There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.
23．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ________ (use) in daily conversations.
24．When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
25．You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置。
(1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。
*The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
*Many used cars are on sale now, and you can go to find a good one.(前置定语)
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
*The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.(后置定语)
被日常废物污染的河水现在又脏又臭。
*His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.(后置定语)
他的小说深受读者欢迎，很值得读。
2．过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。
*I don't like the book written by Martin (＝which was written by Martin)．
我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。
*Our class went on a trip organized by our school (＝which was organized by our school) last Monday.
上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground in fall.
秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
*The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
3．过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*The bridge, built last year (＝which was built last year), is in use now.
这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。
*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes (＝which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store.
用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
*Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.
昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
*When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2．用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
*He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.
在国外旅行期间，他说英语的语速很慢，尽力让人们理解自己的意思。
*When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed.
当他工作时，他喜欢关着房间的门。
*He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
*He nearly/almost had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.
几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。
【易错精点】
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构的含义：
(1)表示主语请别人做某事；
(2)表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情；
(3)表示普通的被动含义，意为“使得……”。
3．用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
*With his speech finished, he sat down and went on to listen to the others' speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
*The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
【易错精点】
“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。
4．用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
*The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
*The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.
老板命令计划尽可能快地被执行。
*She expected a necklace bought as a gift for her birthday.
她希望有人买一条项链送给她作生日礼物。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Lake ________ (pollute) by daily waste before is now clean and clear.
2．The new film ____________ (put on) yesterday is well worth seeing.
3．I spoke aloud in order to make myself ________ (hear) by my grandfather.
4．We see an old man sweeping the ________ (fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office.
5．Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time ________ (leave) for us to finish this task.
6．Generally speaking, the children ________ (bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes.
7．It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl ________ (dress) in a red skirt at the first sight.
8．As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world.
9．There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared.
10．I was ________ (surprise) to find my hometown ________ (change) so much.
11．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (complete), he gladly accepted it.
12．Don't leave the water ________ (run) while you are brushing your teeth.
13．The yoga club, ________ (open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They're having a meeting to discuss the serious problem ____________________.
2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
To solve the problem, we should meet the demand ______________________.
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn't ______________________ on the bus.
4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
You'd better __________________________ before all the guests are seated.
5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to ____________________.
6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter ______________ in the new nursery.
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
English is a language 1.________ (speak) all around the world. There are more than 42 countries 2.________ most of the people speak English. And most native speakers of English 3.________ (find) in the UK, the US, Canada, and many other countries. In total, English is the mother tongue of more than 375 million people. An equal (相等的) number of people learn English as 4.________ second language. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language 5.________ (be) more than 750 million.
In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most 6.________ (wide) spoken and used in the world. Foreign staff in China are not requested 7.________ (learn) Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students can talk with them using English. You can listen to English songs 8.________ the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. Believe 9.________ or not, English 10.________ (enrich) our lives since it came to China.
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
语法精讲·难点透析
第一版块|核心词汇
1．①for, of　②with　③the　④n.费用　⑤v.收费　⑥vt.指控　⑦vt.充电　⑧n.主管　⑨taken charge of　⑩in charge of　 free of charge
2．①to　②to announce　③As　④announcement　⑤it　⑥announced　⑦declared
3．①is　②are　③have arisen　④are wasted　⑤is　⑥have been
⑦They spent a large amount of time on this problem./They spent large amounts of time on this problem.
⑧The money they spent on the house amounts to 5 million dollars.
4．①At the approach of　②an approach to　③easy to approach　④is approaching Hong Kong　⑤to　⑥working　⑦In　⑧with
5．①on　②fixed　③fix your attention on
6．①to　②with　③of　④generously　⑤made a generous contribution　⑥It is/was generous of you
7．①ensure　②make sure　③ensure the safety of
8．①in　②where　③where　④in position　⑤out of position
第二版块|单元语法
[即学即练]
1．collected　2.rolling　3.called　4.seeking　5.designed
6．published　7.spent　8.designed　9.marked　10.recognizing
11．taken　12.spent　13.hidden　14.conducted　15.permitted
16．taken　17.returned　18.appointed　19.developed　20.watching
21．to be solved/to solve　22.saying　23.used　24.blocked　25.offered
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．polluted　2.put on　3.heard　4.fallen　5.left　6.brought　
7．dressed　8.founded　9.excited　10.surprised　changed　
11．completed　12.running　13.opened
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．known to everybody　2.made by the customers
3．notice his wallet stolen　4.leave all the dishes untouched
5．find her valuable necklace lost　6.taken good care of
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
1．spoken　2.where　3.are found　4.a　5.is　6.widely　7.to learn
8．on/over　9.it　10.has enriched
17(共12张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　Writing——如何描述一个地方
描写某地时要注意其地理位置、人口、面积、历史、气候、交通、风俗习惯、特产特色等。描述顺序通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
1．抓住该地的特征及特色：详细描述该地的特征及特色，从而使读者对事物有全面、深刻的认识。
2．注意说明顺序：描述地点时一般按照空间顺序进行写作，如由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
3．巧用说明方法：写好地点描述类作文，不仅要突出该地的特征及特色，还要巧妙地运用说明方法，这样才能使文章显得生动形象。
4．语言要准确：描述一个地点就是客观介绍某地，所以写作时要注意语言的准确性。
5．地点描述类作文的结构：首先引入话题，介绍该地的基本情况；接下来对该地的特征及特色展开具体介绍，注意条理性；最后对该地进行整体评价。
【常用表达】
1．地理位置
①X位于……：X is located/situated in...
X lies in/on/to the south of...
Located in..., X is a city...
②X周围是……： Surrounded by..., X is...
2．面积
①X的面积是……： X has/covers an area of... square kilometers.
②海岸线总长……： Its coastline has a total length of... kilometers.
3．人口
①X有……人口： X has a (large/small) population of...
The population of X is...
X is a city with a (large/small) population of...
②X的人口增加到/增加了……： The population of X increases to/by...
4．历史
①X有……的历史： X has a (long) history of...
②X追溯到……： X dates/goes back to...
5．气候特征
①表示天气： be (very/quite/extremely) cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/
sunny/stormy/rainy/mild/... all year round
②各地气候差异很大： The climate differs greatly from one area to another.
6．交通
①X交通便利： It is very convenient for you to go to X. X is within easy reach.
②可乘……去X: You can take a bus/a train/a plane to X.
You can go to X by bus/train/plane.
The best way to visit X is to take a bus tour.
7．名胜景观、特产特色
①名胜： places of interest
②著名的旅游景点之一： one of the famous tourist attractions
③盛产……/在……方面丰富： be rich in (natural resources/tourist attractions/..., such as/like...)
④因……而著名： be famous/well known for...
假定你是李华，请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友Cindy介绍你家乡的情况，要点包括你家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等，并邀请她来做客。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Cindy，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[教你审题]
本文是一篇介绍家乡的事物类说明文，在写作时要注意突出主题和关键细节信息，同时注意人称、时态和说明文的语言特点。该文章应用第一人称写作，时态应以一般现在时为主。写作思路如下：
[名师指津]
作者从地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等方面简明扼要地介绍了自己的家乡——平遥，文章结构合理，要点齐全，条理清晰。文章句式灵活多样，简单句与复合句相得益彰，尤其是复合句以及高级词汇的运用彰显了作者深厚的写作功底。
【1】此处为过去分词短语作定语。
【2】此处为which引导非限制性定语从句。
【3】此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【4】此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[范文展示]
Dear Cindy，
I feel proud to make a brief introduction to my hometown, Pingyao to you.
Pingyao, located in Central China 【1】， is an ancient city in Shanxi Province. It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as corns and watermelons 【2】. As an ancient city, Pingyao has a long history, making it full of historic scenic spots 【3】， like Shuanglin Temple and Qiao Family Courtyard. In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed and become a well-known tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world 【4】．
Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce. I'm sure you'll love it.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作训练]
假定你叫李华，你的朋友Jo将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给她回信。信的内容包括：
1．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部)
(2)人口(227.21万人)
(3)面积(2 304.84平方公里)
(4)气候
2．至少介绍两个著名景点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou _____________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit. I'm so honored to show it to you.
With a population of 2,272, 100, Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is located in the north of Hainan Island, covering an area of about 2,305 square kilometers. It is well known for the pleasant climate — not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter.
There are many tourist attractions here, especially the Holiday Beach, which enjoys a beautiful and gentle coastline with sparkling waters, waving coconut trees and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Wugong Temple, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed in honor of five famous people during Tang and Song Dynasties.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li HuaSection Ⅴ　Writing——如何描述一个地方
描写某地时要注意其地理位置、人口、面积、历史、气候、交通、风俗习惯、特产特色等。描述顺序通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
1．抓住该地的特征及特色：详细描述该地的特征及特色，从而使读者对事物有全面、深刻的认识。
2．注意说明顺序：描述地点时一般按照空间顺序进行写作，如由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。
3．巧用说明方法：写好地点描述类作文，不仅要突出该地的特征及特色，还要巧妙地运用说明方法，这样才能使文章显得生动形象。
4．语言要准确：描述一个地点就是客观介绍某地，所以写作时要注意语言的准确性。
5．地点描述类作文的结构：首先引入话题，介绍该地的基本情况；接下来对该地的特征及特色展开具体介绍，注意条理性；最后对该地进行整体评价。
【常用表达】
1．地理位置
①X位于……：X is located/situated in...
X lies in/on/to the south of...
Located in..., X is a city...
②X周围是……： Surrounded by..., X is...
2．面积
①X的面积是……： X has/covers an area of... square kilometers.
②海岸线总长……： Its coastline has a total length of... kilometers.
3．人口
①X有……人口： X has a (large/small) population of...
The population of X is...
X is a city with a (large/small) population of...
②X的人口增加到/增加了……： The population of X increases to/by...
4．历史
①X有……的历史： X has a (long) history of...
②X追溯到……： X dates/goes back to...
5．气候特征
①表示天气： be (very/quite/extremely) cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/stormy/rainy/mild/... all year round
②各地气候差异很大： The climate differs greatly from one area to another.
6．交通
①X交通便利： It is very convenient for you to go to X. X is within easy reach.
②可乘……去X: You can take a bus/a train/a plane to X.
You can go to X by bus/train/plane.
The best way to visit X is to take a bus tour.
7．名胜景观、特产特色
①名胜： places of interest
②著名的旅游景点之一： one of the famous tourist attractions
③盛产……/在……方面丰富： be rich in (natural resources/tourist attractions/..., such as/like...)
④因……而著名： be famous/well known for...
假定你是李华，请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友Cindy介绍你家乡的情况，要点包括你家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等，并邀请她来做客。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Cindy，
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[教你审题]
本文是一篇介绍家乡的事物类说明文，在写作时要注意突出主题和关键细节信息，同时注意人称、时态和说明文的语言特点。该文章应用第一人称写作，时态应以一般现在时为主。写作思路如下：
[名师指津]
作者从地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等方面简明扼要地介绍了自己的家乡——平遥，文章结构合理，要点齐全，条理清晰。文章句式灵活多样，简单句与复合句相得益彰，尤其是复合句以及高级词汇的运用彰显了作者深厚的写作功底。
【1】此处为过去分词短语作定语。
【2】此处为which引导非限制性定语从句。
【3】此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【4】此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[范文展示]
Dear Cindy，
I feel proud to make a brief introduction to my hometown, Pingyao to you.
Pingyao, located in Central China 【1】， is an ancient city in Shanxi Province. It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as corns and watermelons 【2】. As an ancient city, Pingyao has a long history, making it full of historic scenic spots 【3】， like Shuanglin Temple and Qiao Family Courtyard. In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed and become a well-known tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world 【4】．
Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce. I'm sure you'll love it.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作训练]
假定你叫李华，你的朋友Jo将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给她回信。信的内容包括：
1．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部)
(2)人口(227.21万人)
(3)面积(2 304.84平方公里)
(4)气候
2．至少介绍两个著名景点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou ________________________
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Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅴ　Writing
One possible version：
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit. I'm so honored to show it to you.
With a population of 2,272, 100, Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is located in the north of Hainan Island, covering an area of about 2,305 square kilometers. It is well known for the pleasant climate — not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter.
There are many tourist attractions here, especially the Holiday Beach, which enjoys a beautiful and gentle coastline with sparkling waters, waving coconut trees and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Wugong Temple, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed in honor of five famous people during Tang and Song Dynasties.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
5Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking, Readingfor Writing & Assessing Your Progress
[课文内容]
BEAUTIFUL IRELANDAND ITS TRADITIONS
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on① its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets②. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses 【1】. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald③ Isle” and its many green counties④ is a true feast⑤ for the eyes, with its rolling⑥ green hills dotted⑦ with sheep and cattle 【2】. And down by the sea, the roar⑧ of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up⑨ the music of the coast. 【3】
【1】现在分词短语offering something for each of the senses作伴随状语，offer与句子主语Its beautiful countryside之间是逻辑主谓关系。
【2】此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，在句中作方式状语；该结构中，动词dot与宾语its rolling green hills之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
【3】该句使用了比喻和拟人的写作手法，通过使用roar和cries这两个形象生动的词语表达了海洋的波浪声以及海鸟的鸣叫声，将这两种交织在一起的声音比喻成海岸动听的音乐。
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe⑩ in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. 【4】 With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining 【5】. To have a chance of experiencing this 【6】， stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew . If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand 【7】．
【4】该句是一个含有由while引导的时间状语从句的复合句。前面的主句部分为and连接的两个祈使句“feel the sun on your skin”和“breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers”。在while引导的时间状语从句中使用了拟人的写作手法，描绘出清晨鸟儿的鸣叫声。
【5】此处是“It is＋adj.＋that...”句型，句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
【6】不定式短语在此作目的状语。
【7】此处是“Sb. be likely to do sth.”句型，表示“某人很可能做某事”。
[词语积累]
①influence/' nflu ns/n.影响，作用 v．影响；对……起作用
have an influence on...对……有影响
②poet/'p t/n.诗人
poetry n．[U]诗，诗歌
poem n．[C]诗
③emerald/'em r ld/n.翡翠，绿宝石
④county/'ka nti/n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
⑤feast/fi st/n.盛宴；宴会；节日
a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴；赏心悦目的事物
⑥roll/r l/vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
⑦dot/d t/vt.加点；遍布 n．点；小(圆)点
be dotted with...遍布……
⑧roar/r (r)/vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
⑨make up组成，构成
⑩breathe vi.呼吸
breathe in吸入
breathe out呼出
scent/sent/n.气味；气息
greet/'ɡri t/vt.迎接；问候
greeting n．问候
pub/p b/n.酒吧；酒馆
stew/stju /n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
Irish Beef Stew爱尔兰炖牛肉
more than非常
custom/'k st m/n.风俗；习俗；习惯
customs n．(港口或机场的)海关；关税
[文化采风]
爱尔兰岛位于欧洲西北部，全岛被一片苍翠碧绿的林木笼罩，所以人们都习惯地称其为“绿宝石岛”。这是一个风景如画的地方，有丰富多彩的自然风光、连绵的海岸线以及柔软的沙滩。
[课文释译]
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统有着深远的影响。这个国家有着孕育伟大作家和诗人的悠久历史。它美丽的乡村让所有人为之兴奋鼓舞，为每一种感官提供了享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。在海边，海浪的怒吼和海鸟的鸣叫交织成了海岸的乐章。
安静的早上，在山上感受太阳照耀肌肤，呼吸清新的花香，鸟儿用晨歌迎接新的一天。有了这些美景，爱尔兰有着浓厚的音乐、舞蹈和美食的传统也就不足为奇了。要想乘机体验一下这些传统，可以去乡村酒吧，喝杯当地的葡萄酒或啤酒放松一下。更棒的是享受当地传统美食——爱尔兰炖牛肉。你如果足够幸运，还可以欣赏到一些传统的音乐和舞蹈。你如果结识了友好的当地人，很可能可以直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
A. The beautiful countryside scenery of the Ireland.
B. The long history of the Irish countryside.
C. The traditions of the Irish countryside.
D. Many green counties in the Ireland.
2．What is not mentioned in the passage
A. Green hills. B. The roar of the wolves.
C. Sunshine. D. The scent of flowers.
3．According to the passage, Ireland has developed strong traditions because of its ________.
A. rare animals B. long history
C. talents D. beauty
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A. The beautiful scenery of Ireland.
B. The history of Ireland.
C. The beautiful scenery of Ireland and its traditions.
D. The customs of Ireland.
第一版块|核心单词
1.eager adj.热切的；渴望的　eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地　eagerness n．热切，渴望
(教材P43)I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...
我急于/惊讶地看到/了解/听说……
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
in one's eagerness to do sth. 渴望做某事，急于做某事
with eagerness 热切地
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物
be anxious about/for sb. 为某人担心
be anxious to do sth. 急切地要做某事
The little girl is eager for knowledge and eager to make achievements.
那个小女孩渴求知识，而且渴望取得成就。
词语辨析：anxious与eager
(1)anxious强调焦急、担心
(2)eager强调期望或渴望
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/辨析填空：eager/anxious
①A greedy man is always eager ________ (get) what he wants.
②The graduates crowded around the professor, eager ________ any news.
③He ________ (渴望)meet his friends.
④The kids ________ (渴望)the performance to begin.
⑤People were pushing each other out of the way in ________ (迫切) to get to the front.
⑥She is __________ to go to college, but __________ about not passing the college entrance examination.
2．roll vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n.卷(轴)；翻滚
(教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
roll down the cheeks 滚下脸颊
roll into the net 滚入网中
roll over 翻转
be sold in rolls 成卷销售
rock'n' roll (rock and roll) 摇滚乐
词语拓展：
roll up... 把……卷成筒状
a roll of film 一卷胶卷
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She rolled ________ the painting and put it on the shelf.
②The baby rolled ________ his stomach.
③My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water ________ (roll) down the river nearby.
④The goat rolled ________， dead.
3.greet vt.问候；迎接　greeting n．问候；打招呼
(教材P44)．..birds greet the new day with their morning song.
……鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
greet guests 迎接客人
be greeted as a hero 被当作英雄欢迎
greet sb. at the airport 在机场迎接某人
greet sb. with... 以……方式和某人打招呼
greet sb. with a nod 向某人点头致意
offer/send greetings to sb. 向某人致意
greetings 用复数形式表示“问候语，贺辞”
We greeted all the performers warmly.我们热情迎接所有表演者。
The local residents greeted us with applause and flowers.当地居民用掌声和鲜花欢迎我们。
The changes were greeted with suspicion.这些变革受到人们的质疑。
词语积累：
greeting n．问候，招呼(多用pl.)
send (one's) greetings to sb.转达向某人问好
remember me to sb.代我向某人问好
please give my regards to sb.请代我向某人问好
say hello to sb. for me代我问候某人
Please send my congratulations to sb. on sth.转达我对某人有关某事的祝贺。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me ________ a sweet smile.
②At yesterday's party, the performance of the host, intended to please the audience and draw their attention, ________ (greet) with a cold silence, however.
③Please ________________________________ (代我问候) your parents.
4．dot n．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布　dot—dotted—dotted
(教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名符其实的视觉盛宴。
a pattern of dots 圆点图案
at three o'clock on the dot 正好3点
dot sth. with sth. 用某物点缀另一物
Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
相反，他发明了一个由凸起的圆点组成的阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界。
词语拓展：
on the dot 在指定时间，准时
be dotted with sth. 布满某物
即学即练　完成句子
①The storm passed and the sky ________ (点缀) with shining stars.
②乡间有星罗棋布的小村庄。
The countryside ________________________ small villages.
③Every day except Sunday and Saturday the boy arrived at the school __________________ (准时)．
5.custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯　customer n．顾客
(教材P44)What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
体验中国传统和习俗最好的方式是什么？
local customs 当地的风俗
an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗
It is the custom(for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是习俗。
traditional customs 传统习俗
a local custom 当地的风俗
eating habits 饮食习惯
good/bad habits 好/坏习惯
the custom of giving presents at Christmas在圣诞节赠送礼物的习俗
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
误区警示：
custom的复数形式还可以表示“海关”：customs officers海关官员。
词语辨析：custom, habit与practice
易混词 辨析 例句
custom 社会“风俗，习俗” He has tried to adapt to local customs.他努力去适应当地的风俗。
habit 个人“习惯” Regular exercise is a good habit.经常锻炼是个好习惯。
practice 个人或社会的“惯常做法，惯例” It is a common practice in the US to tip the waiter.在美国给服务员小费是很普遍的现象。
即学即练　完成句子/辨析填空：custom/habit/practice
①She was stopped ________________ and questioned.她在海关被叫住并接受问话。
②In Japan ________________________ (……是一种习俗) to take off your shoes when you enter a house.
③I'm not familiar with ______________________ (当地的习俗), so I have to depend on the villagers.
④It ______________________________ (已经变成一个习俗) to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
⑤He has formed a bad ________ of smoking since an early age.
⑥It is standard ________ not to pay bills until the end of the month.
⑦The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a ________.
6.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的　strike (struck，struck) vt.&vi. (灾难或疾病) 侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴)vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到
a striking contrast between wealth and poverty 显著的贫富差异
a dark man with striking features 一个相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
be struck by... 被……所迷住/打动
strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
strike sb. on the head 击中某人的脑袋
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone.自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加显著。
用法拓展：
be struck by lightning被闪电击中
strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位击打某人的……(不可用物主代词代替)
Sth. strikes sb./It strikes sb. that...某人突然想到……
即学即练　完成句子
①________________________ (我突然想起) that it's Bella's birthday tomorrow.
②He ________________________ (被迷住) by the beauty of the western lake.
③The terrorist ________________________ (袭击这个地区) when we were sleeping at home.
④The worker were ________________ (罢工抗议) the bad working condition.
⑤我突然想到，和另一个队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说是一个很好的学习时刻。
________________________________ playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
7.crowd n．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤　crowded adj.拥挤的，挤满的
(教材P46)Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
a crowd of/crowds of people 一群/成群的人
a big/huge/large/vast crowd 一大群人
a small crowd 一小群人
avoid the crowd 避开人群
in the crowd 在人群里
A crowd of people were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
事故发生时，一群人正在等公共汽车。
Memories came crowding into her mind.往事涌上她的心头。
She wanted to sleep, but thoughts crowded in.她想睡觉，但头脑中想法不断涌现。
We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.我们都挤在炉边取暖。
归纳拓展：
be crowded with充满……，满是……
crowd into (the center of New York)挤进/涌入(纽约市中心)
crowd into one's mind涌上某人的心头
crowd in (on sb.)(问题或想法)涌上(心头)；涌入(脑海)
crowd round/around聚集在……周围，聚拢
crowd...out把……挤出，排挤……
a crowded street拥挤的街道
the streets crowded with traffic挤满车辆的街道
The old town square was crowded with people at dawn.黎明时分古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。
一言助记：
The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with the audience.人们挤进体育馆里，里面挤满了观众。
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①Hundreds of people ________________ (挤进) the nearby church for the wedding.
②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were ____________________________________ (涌上她的心头)．
③In the courtyard of a farmhouse, there is a herd of cattle and __________________ (一群) people.
④They crowded ________ the table to get their food.
⑤My father argued me out of going to the West Coast because it was crowded ________ tourists.
⑥Supermarket chains have crowded ________ small shops in the past few years.
⑦A good idea crowded in ________ the general engineer that they could solve the traffic problem by building another freeway.
⑧In ________ (crowd) places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.
第二版块|重要短语
1.have an influence on 对……有影响
(教材P44)Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
have a good/bad influence on/upon 对……有好的/坏的影响
influence/affect sb. /sth. 影响某人/某事
have an effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下
What the author said has a deep influence on the teenagers present at the conference.
作家所说的话对出席会议的青少年有很深的影响。
The computer has a great influence/effect/impact on modern life.＝The computer influences/affects modern life greatly.计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
词语拓展：
a good/bad/big/strong/deep influence好的/坏的/很大的/强大的/深远的影响
influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空/一句多译
①人们的穿着对他们的感情有影响。
How people dress ________________________________ their feelings.
②Confucius's philosophy has a great influence ________ Chinese culture.
③You can't imagine the influence you have ________ me.
那本书极大地影响了她。
④The book ________________________.
⑤The book ________________________________________________.
2．make up组成，构成　被动语态：be made up of
(教材P44)．.. and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
……和海鸟的叫声组成了海滨音乐。
make up a team 组建一个团队
make up a story 编故事
make up a dialogue 编写一个对话
make up an excuse 编造借口
make up before the mirror 在镜子前化妆
make up for the loss 弥补损失
make up with sb 与某人和解
Girls make up 56% of the student numbers in our class.在我们班女生占学生数的56%。
He admitted that the story was not true. He had made the whole thing up.
他承认这个故事不是真的。整件事都是他编的。
搭配与拓展：
make up 一词多义：编造；化妆；弥补
be made up of...由……组成
The team is made up of 30 girls and 25 boys.这个队由30个女生和25个男生构成。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They often argue, but they soon make up ________ each other.
②I have to study harder to make up ________ the lost time.
③He made up an excuse ________ being late to work.
④Our class is made up ________ 50 students＝50 students make ________ our class.
⑤She always makes ________ (her) up before going to the party.
3．breathe in吸气；吸入(气体)
(教材P44)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光洒落在你身上，呼吸着野花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe out 呼气；呼出(气体)
breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；屏息以待
He took a deep breath and dived into the river.
他深吸一口气，潜入河中。
We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
我们吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
归纳拓展：
out of breath喘不过气来
catch one's breath歇口气；缓一口气
由out of＋n.组成的短语：
out of sight看不见
out of question不成问题
out of place不合适
out of date过时
out of order坏了
out of school辍学
out of shape变了形
out of sympathy出于同情
out of stock缺货
out of pity出于同情
out of mind不予考虑
out of action不运转
out of comparison无法比较
out of print脱印
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①医生给我听诊胸部时，叫我吸气。
The doctor made me ________________ while he listened to my chest.
②到17英里时，我开始喘不过气来，曾经受过伤的脚踝非常疼。
By mile 17, I became ________________________ and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
③He ran up the stairs ________ (breathe) very hard.
④I can ________ my breath for quite a long time.
⑤Let's sit down and ________ our breath (歇口气)．
⑥We all ________ (breath) a sigh of relief when we heard that he was safe.
4．more than非常；多于
(教材P44)And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲自体验当地的文化和习俗。
more than disappointed 非常失望
more than a little shaken by his deeds 被他的事迹极大震撼
more than one 不止一个
be more than partners 不仅仅是合伙人
no more than 仅仅
not more than 至多，不超过
less than 少于
no less than 多达，不少于
常见搭配：
more than＋adj./adv./分词
非常，很……
more than＋数词　超过，多于……(＝over)
more than＋名词　不仅仅是……
more than＋句子　非……所能……，是……难以……的
more than one＋n.不止一个……
more than one修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.
威利说这个项目不仅仅是学习在公共场合阅读和说话。
—Do you need any help, lucy？卢西，你需要帮助吗？
—Yes. The job is more than I could do myself.是的，这工作超出了我所能做的范畴。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________ (超过) 1,000 people attended the concert.
②I am ________________ happy (＝I am very happy) to help you in any way I can.
③I have ________________________ (仅仅) 100 dollars on me.
④________ than one student ________________ (喜欢英语)．
⑤The movie is ________ a romantic story ________ a western. (与其……不如……)
⑥He makes ________ money ________ she does. (他赚的钱比她少)．
⑦He earns ________________________ (不少于) eight hundred dollars a day.
第三版块|典型句式
1.while连接的并列句
(教材P44)．..breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.……呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
[句式分析]　该句中while前是祈使句，while在句中是并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比。
句中while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比。
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
I met with an old friend of mine while I was walking along the street.
我在街上走的时候遇见了我的一个老朋友。
When she came into my room I was just reading a book.
她进我房间时，我正在看书。
As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
学法点拨：
(1) while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。While I was reading，I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。
(2) while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”，常常放于句首。
While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不同意你的看法。
词语辨析：while, when与as
①while表示一段时间和某一过程，必须跟延续性动词。
②when既可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的，也可为持续性的。
③as表示两个动作同时进行，有时有伴随意味，可译为“一边……一边……”
即学即练　辨析填空：when/while/as/单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
②________ John arrived, I was reading a novel.
③I was wandering around the street ________ I caught sight of a shop.
④________ I am willing to help, I do not have much time.
⑤He fell asleep ________ he was doing his homework.
⑥In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, ________ in others, knives and forks.
⑦I'm good at playing table tennis, ____________________________________________ (而我弟弟篮球打得好)．
⑧________________________________________________ (虽然我承认这些问题很难), I don't agree that they cannot be settled.
2．it作形式主语
(教材P44)．..it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.……自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民族传统，如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。
[句式分析]　句中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
在it作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
It is very important (for us) to master a foreign language.
(对于我们来说)掌握一门外语很重要。
It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好，邀请了我们。
It is no use pretending to be knowledgeable.假装有知识是没有用的。
It is a pity that you missed the chance to meet the champion.
你错过了与冠军见面的机会，真遗憾。
It was reported that several survivors had been rescued.
据报道，已有几名幸存者获救。
(1)It is＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事是……
(2)It is＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.做某事对于某人来说……
(3)It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用的/没有好处的。
(4)It is＋adj./n.＋从句，做某事是……
(5)It is said/reported/believed that...据说/据报道/人们相信……
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
②It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.
③It is said ________ he has gone abroad for further education.
④The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
⑤It's impolite ________ (speak) when you're eating. You should avoid this kind of behaviour.
⑥It is no use ________ (argue) with Bill because he will never change his mind.
3.Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事。
(教材P44)．..you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
……你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
归纳与拓展：
Sb. /Sth. is likely to do sth. ＝ It is likely ＋that从句．很可能…… (既可用人又可用物作主语)
“很可能……”的多种表达
It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible＋that从句．
It is probable＋that从句．
possible和probable作表语时不能用人作主语
即学即练　完成句子/一句多译
①看到窗外树枝的医院中的病人很可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window ________________________ recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
②这些发展可能会使我们当前的骚扰电话问题变得更糟糕。
These developments are likely ____________ our current problems with robocalls much worse.
很可能许多人会参加这次运动会。
③It is ________ that many people will take part ________ the sports meet.
④It is ________ that many people will take part ________ the sports meet.
⑤It is ________ that many people will take part ________ the sports meet.
⑥Many people are ________________ take part ________ the sports meet.
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What are the best approaches to experiencing Chinese traditions and ________ (风俗)
2．A drop in the ________ (海洋) means that it is a very small amount which is unimportant.
3．He is a ________ (慷慨的) man and has donated a great amount of money to the neighboring charity.
4．Your ________ (祖先) are such people, of whom you are the descendants.
5．Why is it important to protect historic buildings and cultural ________ (传统)
6．The man in charge of the gallery ________ (宣布) that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
7．Only a small amount of money will be ________ (收费) for breaking the traffic rules.
8．Our company produces beer and wine, and we ________ (保证) the quality of the products.
9．The chief of the department is ________ (急切的) to get the position of the manager.
10．The best ________ (方法) to exploring the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Loch Ness was ________ (surround) by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
2．The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills ________ (dot) with sheep and cattle.
3．You can ________ (breath) in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
4．The gallery is usually ________ (crowd) during the exhibition of paintings.
5．Some endangered wild animals got ________ (trap) in the mine last Tuesday.
6．We don't want any of you to get ________ (lose) in the crowd.
7．The car got ________ (stick) in the mud due to the heavy rain.
8．They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, ________ were positioned on the hill.
9．To have a chance of ________ (experience) this, just stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.
10．If you don't keep your balance, you are ________ (like) to fall off the wall.
Ⅲ.短语填空
in charge of， a large amount of， be eager to， a crowd of， be charged with， in position， introduce... to...， start with， have a great influence on， with a long history
1．The man ________________ theft, but he made a protest.
2．China is a country ________________ and maintains excellent traditions and customs.
3．Confucius philosophy ________________ Chinese culture.
4．Ensure that everything is ________________ when we come back to the room.
5．We should ________ the ancient Chinese cultural heritage ________ the world.
6．The boy likes to explore the unknown world and ________________ know everything about the ocean.
7．The poet is a creative in writing as he often ________ an image, quote, or question.
8．In the courtyard of a farmhouse there is a herd of cattle and ________________ people.
9．The man ________________ the department charged the driver $100 for not limiting his speed.
10．The generous poet has donated ________________ money to charity.
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
语篇细研·教材精读
1．A　2.B　3.D　4.C
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to get　②for　③is eager to　④are eager for　⑤their eagerness　⑥eager, anxious
2．①up　②onto　③rolling　④over
3．①with　②was greeted　③send my greetings to
4．①was dotted　②was/is dotted with　③on the dot/on time
5．①at customs　②it is a custom　③the local customs　④has become a custom　⑤habit　⑥practice　⑦custom
6．①It strikes me　②was struck　③struck the area　④striking against　⑤It struck me that
7．①crowded into　②crowding in on her　③a crowd of　④around　⑤with　⑥out　⑦on　⑧crowded
第二版块|重要短语
1．①has an influence on/upon　②on/upon　③on/upon　
④influences/affects her greatly　⑤has a great influence/effect/impact on/upon her
2．①with 　②for　③for　④of　up　⑤herself
3．①breathe in　②out of breath　③breathing　④hold　⑤catch　⑥breathed
4．①More than　②more than　③no more than　④More; likes English　⑤more　than　⑥less　than　⑦no less than
第三版块|典型句式
1．①When/While/As　②When　③when　④While/Although/Though　⑤while/when/as　⑥while　⑦while my brother plays basketball well　⑧While/Although/Though I admit the problems are difficult
2．①it　②that　③that　④it　⑤to speak　⑥arguing
3．①are likely to　②to make　③likely　in　④possible　in　⑤probable　in　⑥likely to　in
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．customs　2.ocean　3.generous　4.ancestors　5.traditions
6．announced　7.charged　8.ensure　9.eager　10.approach
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．surrounded　2.dotted　3.breathe　4.crowded　5.trapped　6.lost　7.stuck　8.which　9.experiencing　10.likely
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．was charged with　2.with a long history　3.has a great influence on　4.in position　5.introduce　to　6.is eager to　7.starts with　8.a crowd of　9.in charge of　10.a large amount of
21(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking, Readingfor
Writing & Assessing Your Progress
课文预习·解疑清障
[课文内容]
BEAUTIFUL IRELANDAND ITS TRADITIONS
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on① its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets②. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses 【1】. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald③ Isle” and its many green counties④ is a true feast⑤ for the eyes, with its rolling⑥ green hills dotted⑦ with sheep and cattle 【2】. And down by the sea, the roar⑧ of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up⑨ the music of the coast. 【3】
【1】现在分词短语offering something for each of the senses作伴随状语，offer与句子主语Its beautiful countryside之间是逻辑主谓关系。
【2】此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，在句中作方式状语；该结构中，动词dot与宾语its rolling green hills之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
【3】该句使用了比喻和拟人的写作手法，通过使用roar和cries这两个形象生动的词语表达了海洋的波浪声以及海鸟的鸣叫声，将这两种交织在一起的声音比喻成海岸动听的音乐。
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe⑩ in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. 【4】 With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining 【5】. To have a chance of experiencing this 【6】， stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew .
If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand 【7】．
【4】该句是一个含有由while引导的时间状语从句的复合句。前面的主句部分为and连接的两个祈使句“feel the sun on your skin”和“breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers”。在while引导的时间状语从句中使用了拟人的写作手法，描绘出清晨鸟儿的鸣叫声。
【5】此处是“It is＋adj.＋that...”句型，句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
【6】不定式短语在此作目的状语。
【7】此处是“Sb. be likely to do sth.”句型，表示“某人很可能做某事”。
[词语积累]
①influence/' nflu ns/n.影响，作用 v．影响；对……起作用
have an influence on...对……有影响
②poet/'p t/n.诗人
poetry n．[U]诗，诗歌
poem n．[C]诗
③emerald/'em r ld/n.翡翠，绿宝石
④county/'ka nti/n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
⑤feast/fi st/n.盛宴；宴会；节日
a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴；赏心悦目的事物
⑥roll/r l/vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
⑦dot/d t/vt.加点；遍布 n．点；小(圆)点
be dotted with...遍布……
⑧roar/r (r)/vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
⑨make up组成，构成
⑩breathe vi.呼吸
breathe in吸入
breathe out呼出
scent/sent/n.气味；气息
greet/'ɡri t/vt.迎接；问候
greeting n．问候
pub/p b/n.酒吧；酒馆
stew/stju /n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
Irish Beef Stew爱尔兰炖牛肉
more than非常
custom/'k st m/n.风俗；习俗；习惯
customs n．(港口或机场的)海关；关税
[文化采风]
爱尔兰岛位于欧洲西北部，全岛被一片苍翠碧绿的林木笼罩，所以人们都习惯地称其为“绿宝石岛”。这是一个风景如画的地方，有丰富多彩的自然风光、连绵的海岸线以及柔软的沙滩。
[课文释译]
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统有着深远的影响。这个国家有着孕育伟大作家和诗人的悠久历史。它美丽的乡村让所有人为之兴奋鼓舞，为每一种感官提供了享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。在海边，海浪的怒吼和海鸟的鸣叫交织成了海岸的乐章。
安静的早上，在山上感受太阳照耀肌肤，呼吸清新的花香，鸟儿用晨歌迎接新的一天。有了这些美景，爱尔兰有着浓厚的音乐、舞蹈和美食的传统也就不足为奇了。要想乘机体验一下这些传统，可以去乡村酒吧，喝杯当地的葡萄酒或啤酒放松一下。更棒的是享受当地传统美食——爱尔兰炖牛肉。你如果足够幸运，还可以欣赏到一些传统的音乐和舞蹈。你如果结识了友好的当地人，很可能可以直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
语篇细研·教材精读
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
A. The beautiful countryside scenery of the Ireland.
B. The long history of the Irish countryside.
C. The traditions of the Irish countryside.
D. Many green counties in the Ireland.
2．What is not mentioned in the passage
A. Green hills. B. The roar of the wolves.
C. Sunshine. D. The scent of flowers.
A
B
3．According to the passage, Ireland has developed strong traditions because of its ________.
A. rare animals B. long history
C. talents D. beauty
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A. The beautiful scenery of Ireland.
B. The history of Ireland.
C. The beautiful scenery of Ireland and its traditions.
D. The customs of Ireland.
D
C
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1.eager adj.热切的；渴望的　eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地　eagerness n．热切，渴望
(教材P43)I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...
我急于/惊讶地看到/了解/听说……
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
in one's eagerness to do sth. 渴望做某事，急于做某事
with eagerness 热切地
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物
be anxious about/for sb. 为某人担心
be anxious to do sth. 急切地要做某事
The little girl is eager for knowledge and eager to make achievements.
那个小女孩渴求知识，而且渴望取得成就。
词语辨析：anxious与eager
(1)anxious强调焦急、担心
(2)eager强调期望或渴望
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/辨析填空：eager/anxious
①A greedy man is always eager ________ (get) what he wants.
②The graduates crowded around the professor, eager ________ any news.
③He ________ (渴望)meet his friends.
④The kids ___________ (渴望)the performance to begin.
⑤People were pushing each other out of the way in ___________ (迫切) to get to the front.
⑥She is __________ to go to college, but _______ about not passing the college entrance examination.
to get
for
is eager to
are eager for
their eagerness
eager
anxious
2．roll vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n.卷(轴)；翻滚
(教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
roll down the cheeks 滚下脸颊
roll into the net 滚入网中
roll over 翻转
be sold in rolls 成卷销售
rock'n' roll (rock and roll) 摇滚乐
词语拓展：
roll up... 把……卷成筒状
a roll of film 一卷胶卷
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She rolled ________ the painting and put it on the shelf.
②The baby rolled ________ his stomach.
③My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water ________ (roll) down the river nearby.
④The goat rolled ________， dead.
up
onto
rolling
over
3.greet vt.问候；迎接　greeting n．问候；打招呼
(教材P44)．..birds greet the new day with their morning song.
……鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
greet guests 迎接客人
be greeted as a hero 被当作英雄欢迎
greet sb. at the airport 在机场迎接某人
greet sb. with... 以……方式和某人打招呼
greet sb. with a nod 向某人点头致意
offer/send greetings to sb. 向某人致意
greetings 用复数形式表示“问候语，贺辞”
词语积累：
greeting n．问候，招呼(多用pl.)
send (one's) greetings to sb.转达向某人问好
remember me to sb.代我向某人问好
please give my regards to sb.请代我向某人问好
say hello to sb. for me代我问候某人
Please send my congratulations to sb. on sth.转达我对某人有关某事的祝贺。
We greeted all the performers warmly.我们热情迎接所有表演者。
The local residents greeted us with applause and flowers.当地居民用掌声和鲜花欢迎我们。
The changes were greeted with suspicion.这些变革受到人们的质疑。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me ________ a sweet smile.
②At yesterday's party, the performance of the host, intended to please the audience and draw their attention, _____________ (greet) with a cold silence, however.
③Please________________(代我问候) your parents.
with
was greeted
send my greetings to
4．dot n．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布　dot—dotted—dotted
(教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石岛”风光宁静秀美郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名符其实的视觉盛宴。
a pattern of dots 圆点图案
at three o'clock on the dot 正好3点
dot sth. with sth. 用某物点缀另一物
Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
相反，他发明了一个由凸起的圆点组成的阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界。
词语拓展：on the dot 在指定时间，准时
be dotted with sth. 布满某物
即学即练　完成句子
①The storm passed and the sky ________ (点缀) with shining stars.
②乡间有星罗棋布的小村庄。
The countryside _______________ small villages.
③Every day except Sunday and Saturday the boy arrived at the school _______________ (准时)．
was dotted
was/is dotted with
on the dot/on time
5.custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯　customer n．顾客
(教材P44)What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
体验中国传统和习俗最好的方式是什么？
local customs 当地的风俗
an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗
It is the custom(for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是习俗。
traditional customs 传统习俗
a local custom 当地的风俗
eating habits 饮食习惯
good/bad habits 好/坏习惯
the custom of giving presents at Christmas在圣诞节赠送礼物的习俗
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
误区警示：
custom的复数形式还可以表示“海关”：customs officers海关官员。

词语辨析：custom, habit与practice
易混词 辨析 例句
custom 社会“风俗，习俗” He has tried to adapt to local customs.他努力去适应当地的风俗。
habit 个人“习惯” Regular exercise is a good habit.经常锻炼是个好习惯。
practice 个人或社会的“惯常做法，惯例” It is a common practice in the US to tip the waiter.在美国给服务员小费是很普遍的现象。
即学即练　完成句子/辨析填空：custom/habit/practice
①She was stopped __________ and questioned.她在海关被叫住并接受问话。
②In Japan ____________ (……是一种习俗) to take off your shoes when you enter a house.
③I'm not familiar with ________________(当地的习俗), so I have to depend on the villagers.
④It _________________ (已经变成一个习俗) to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
⑤He has formed a bad ________ of smoking since an early age.
⑥It is standard ________ not to pay bills until the end of the month.
⑦The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a ________.
at customs
it is a custom
the local customs
has become a custom
habit
practice
custom
6.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的　strike (struck，struck) vt.&vi. (灾难或疾病) 侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴)vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到
a striking contrast between wealth and poverty 显著的贫富差异
a dark man with striking features 一个相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
be struck by... 被……所迷住/打动
strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
strike sb. on the head 击中某人的脑袋
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone.自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加显著。
用法拓展：
be struck by lightning被闪电击中
strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位击打某人的……(不可用物主代词代替)
Sth. strikes sb./It strikes sb. that...某人突然想到……
即学即练　完成句子
①___________ (我突然想起) that it's Bella's birthday tomorrow.
②He __________ (被迷住) by the beauty of the western lake.
③The terrorist _____________ (袭击这个地区) when we were sleeping at home.
④The worker were____________(罢工抗议) the bad working condition.
⑤我突然想到，和另一个队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说是一个很好的学习时刻。
_______________ playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
It strikes me
was struck
struck the area
striking against
It struck me that
7.crowd n．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤　crowded adj.拥挤的，挤满的
(教材P46)Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
a crowd of/crowds of people 一群/成群的人
a big/huge/large/vast crowd 一大群人
a small crowd 一小群人
avoid the crowd 避开人群
in the crowd 在人群里
A crowd of people were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
事故发生时，一群人正在等公共汽车。
Memories came crowding into her mind.往事涌上她的心头。
She wanted to sleep, but thoughts crowded in.她想睡觉，但头脑中想法不断涌现。
We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.我们都挤在炉边取暖。
归纳拓展：
be crowded with充满……，满是……
crowd into (the center of New York)挤进/涌入(纽约市中心)
crowd into one's mind涌上某人的心头
crowd in (on sb.)(问题或想法)涌上(心头)；涌入(脑海)
crowd round/around聚集在……周围，聚拢
crowd...out把……挤出，排挤……
a crowded street拥挤的街道
the streets crowded with traffic挤满车辆的街道
The old town square was crowded with people at dawn.黎明时分古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。
一言助记：
The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with the audience.人们挤进体育馆里，里面挤满了观众。
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①Hundreds of people ______________(挤进) the nearby church for the wedding.
②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were _______________(涌上她的心头)．
③In the courtyard of a farmhouse, there is a herd of cattle and ________ (一群) people.
④They crowded ________ the table to get their food.
crowded into
crowding in on her
a crowd of
around
⑤My father argued me out of going to the West Coast because it was crowded ________ tourists.
⑥Supermarket chains have crowded ________ small shops in the past few years.
⑦A good idea crowded in ________ the general engineer that they could solve the traffic problem by building another freeway.
⑧In ________ (crowd) places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.
with
out
on
crowded
第二版块|重要短语
1.have an influence on 对……有影响
(教材P44)Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
have a good/bad influence on/upon 对……有好的/坏的影响
influence/affect sb. /sth. 影响某人/某事
have an effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下
词语拓展：
a good/bad/big/strong/deep influence好的/坏的/很大的/强大的/深远的影响
influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事
What the author said has a deep influence on the teenagers present at the conference.
作家所说的话对出席会议的青少年有很深的影响。
The computer has a great influence/effect/impact on modern life.＝The computer influences/affects modern life greatly.计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空/一句多译
①人们的穿着对他们的感情有影响。
How people dress ____________________ their feelings.
②Confucius's philosophy has a great influence ________Chinese culture.
③You can't imagine the influence you have ________ me.
那本书极大地影响了她。
④The book ________________________.
⑤The book ____________________________________.
has an influence on/upon
on/upon
on/upon
influences/affects her greatly
has a great influence/effect/impact on/upon her
2．make up组成，构成　被动语态：be made up of
(教材P44)．.. and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
……和海鸟的叫声组成了海滨音乐。
make up a team 组建一个团队
make up a story 编故事
make up a dialogue 编写一个对话
make up an excuse 编造借口
make up before the mirror 在镜子前化妆
make up for the loss 弥补损失
make up with sb 与某人和解
搭配与拓展：
make up 一词多义：编造；化妆；弥补
be made up of...由……组成
The team is made up of 30 girls and 25 boys.这个队由30个女生和25个男生构成。
Girls make up 56% of the student numbers in our class.在我们班女生占学生数的56%。
He admitted that the story was not true. He had made the whole thing up.
他承认这个故事不是真的。整件事都是他编的。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They often argue, but they soon make up ________ each other.
②I have to study harder to make up ________ the lost time.
③He made up an excuse ________ being late to work.
④Our class is made up ________ 50 students＝50 students make ________ our class.
⑤She always makes ________ (her) up before going to the party.
with
for
for
of
up
herself
3．breathe in吸气；吸入(气体)
(教材P44)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光洒落在你身上，呼吸着野花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe out 呼气；呼出(气体)
breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；屏息以待
He took a deep breath and dived into the river.
他深吸一口气，潜入河中。
We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
我们吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
归纳拓展：
out of breath喘不过气来
catch one's breath歇口气；缓一口气

由out of＋n.组成的短语：
out of sight看不见
out of question不成问题
out of place不合适
out of date过时
out of order坏了
out of school辍学
out of shape变了形
out of sympathy出于同情
out of stock缺货
out of pity出于同情
out of mind不予考虑
out of action不运转
out of comparison无法比较
out of print脱印
即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空
①医生给我听诊胸部时，叫我吸气。
The doctor made me _________ while he listened to my chest.
②到17英里时，我开始喘不过气来，曾经受过伤的脚踝非常疼。
By mile 17, I became ___________ and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
③He ran up the stairs ________ (breathe) very hard.
④I can ________ my breath for quite a long time.
⑤Let's sit down and ________ our breath (歇口气)．
⑥We all ________ (breath) a sigh of relief when we heard that he was safe.
breathe in
out of breath
breathing
hold
catch
breathed
4．more than非常；多于
(教材P44)And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲自体验当地的文化和习俗。
more than disappointed 非常失望
more than a little shaken by his deeds 被他的事迹极大震撼
more than one 不止一个
be more than partners 不仅仅是合伙人
no more than 仅仅
not more than 至多，不超过
less than 少于
no less than 多达，不少于
常见搭配：
more than＋adj./adv./分词
非常，很……
more than＋数词　超过，多于……(＝over)
more than＋名词　不仅仅是……
more than＋句子　非……所能……，是……难以……的
more than one＋n.不止一个……
more than one修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.
威利说这个项目不仅仅是学习在公共场合阅读和说话。
—Do you need any help, lucy？卢西，你需要帮助吗？
—Yes. The job is more than I could do myself.是的，这工作超出了我所能做的范畴。
即学即练　完成句子
①__________ (超过) 1,000 people attended the concert.
②I am __________ happy (＝I am very happy) to help you in any way I can.
③I have ____________ (仅仅) 100 dollars on me.
④________ than one student ___________ (喜欢英语)．
⑤The movie is ________ a romantic story ________ a western. (与其……不如……)
⑥He makes ________ money ________ she does. (他赚的钱比她少)．
⑦He earns __________ (不少于) eight hundred dollars a day.
More than
more than
no more than
More
likes English
more
than
less
than
no less than
第三版块|典型句式
1.while连接的并列句
(教材P44)．..breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.……呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
[句式分析]　该句中while前是祈使句，while在句中是并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比。
句中while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比。
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
I met with an old friend of mine while I was walking along the street.
我在街上走的时候遇见了我的一个老朋友。
When she came into my room I was just reading a book.
她进我房间时，我正在看书。
As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
学法点拨：
(1) while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。While I was reading，I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。
(2) while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”，常常放于句首。
While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不同意你的看法。
词语辨析：while, when与as
①while表示一段时间和某一过程，必须跟延续性动词。
②when既可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的，也可为持续性的。
③as表示两个动作同时进行，有时有伴随意味，可译为“一边……一边……”
即学即练　辨析填空：when/while/as/单句语法填空/完成句子
①_____________ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
②________ John arrived, I was reading a novel.
③I was wandering around the street ________ I caught sight of a shop.
④___________________ I am willing to help, I do not have much time.
⑤He fell asleep ___________ he was doing his homework.
⑥In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, ________ in others, knives and forks.
⑦I'm good at playing table tennis, _____________________________ (而我弟弟篮球打得好)．
⑧____________________________________________ (虽然我承认这些问题很难), I don't agree that they cannot be settled.
When/While/As
When
when
While/Although/Though
while/when/as
while
while my brother plays basketball well
While/Although/Though I admit the problems are difficult
2．it作形式主语
(教材P44)．..it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.……自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民族传统，如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。
[句式分析]　句中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
在it作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
It is very important (for us) to master a foreign language.
(对于我们来说)掌握一门外语很重要。
It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好，邀请了我们。
It is no use pretending to be knowledgeable.假装有知识是没有用的。
It is a pity that you missed the chance to meet the champion.
你错过了与冠军见面的机会，真遗憾。
It was reported that several survivors had been rescued.
据报道，已有几名幸存者获救。
(1)It is＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事是……
(2)It is＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.做某事对于某人来说……
(3)It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用的/没有好处的。
(4)It is＋adj./n.＋从句，做某事是……
(5)It is said/reported/believed that...据说/据报道/人们相信……
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
②It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.
③It is said ________ he has gone abroad for further education.
④The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
⑤It's impolite ________ (speak) when you're eating. You should avoid this kind of behaviour.
⑥It is no use ________ (argue) with Bill because he will never change his mind.
it
that
that
it
to speak
arguing
3.Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事。
(教材P44)．..you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
……你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
归纳与拓展：
Sb. /Sth. is likely to do sth. ＝ It is likely ＋that从句．很可能…… (既可用人又可用物作主语)
“很可能……”的多种表达
It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible＋that从句．
It is probable＋that从句．
possible和probable作表语时不能用人作主语
即学即练　完成句子/一句多译
①看到窗外树枝的医院中的病人很可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window ____________ recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
②这些发展可能会使我们当前的骚扰电话问题变得更糟糕。
These developments are likely ____________ our current problems with robocalls much worse.
很可能许多人会参加这次运动会。
③It is _______ that many people will take part _______ the sports meet.
④It is _______ that many people will take part _______ the sports meet.
⑤It is _______ that many people will take part _______ the sports meet.
⑥Many people are ________ take part _______ the sports meet.
are likely to
to make
likely
in
possible
in
probable
in
likely to
in
课时达标·随堂自测
·基础知识自测·
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What are the best approaches to experiencing Chinese traditions and ________ (风俗)
2．A drop in the ________ (海洋) means that it is a very small amount which is unimportant.
3．He is a ________ (慷慨的) man and has donated a great amount of money to the neighboring charity.
4．Your ________ (祖先) are such people, of whom you are the descendants.
5．Why is it important to protect historic buildings and cultural ________ (传统)
customs
ocean
generous
ancestors
traditions
6．The man in charge of the gallery _________ (宣布) that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
7．Only a small amount of money will be ________ (收费) for breaking the traffic rules.
8．Our company produces beer and wine, and we ________ (保证) the quality of the products.
9．The chief of the department is ________ (急切的) to get the position of the manager.
10．The best ________ (方法) to exploring the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
announced
charged
ensure
eager
approach
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Loch Ness was _________ (surround) by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
2．The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills ________ (dot) with sheep and cattle.
3．You can ________ (breath) in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
4．The gallery is usually ________ (crowd) during the exhibition of paintings.
5．Some endangered wild animals got ________ (trap) in the mine last Tuesday.
surrounded
dotted
breathe
crowded
trapped
6．We don't want any of you to get ________ (lose) in the crowd.
7．The car got ________ (stick) in the mud due to the heavy rain.
8．They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, ________ were positioned on the hill.
9．To have a chance of ____________ (experience) this, just stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.
10．If you don't keep your balance, you are ________ (like) to fall off the wall.
lost
stuck
which
experiencing
likely
Ⅲ.短语填空
in charge of， a large amount of， be eager to， a crowd of， be charged with， in position， introduce... to...， start with， have a great influence on， with a long history
1．The man ________________ theft, but he made a protest.
2．China is a country ________________ and maintains excellent traditions and customs.
3．Confucius philosophy __________________ Chinese culture.
4．Ensure that everything is _________ when we come back to the room.
5．We should ________ the ancient Chinese cultural heritage ________ the world.
was charged with
with a long history
has a great influence on
in position
introduce
to
6．The boy likes to explore the unknown world and ___________ know everything about the ocean.
7．The poet is a creative in writing as he often ________ an image, quote, or question.
8．In the courtyard of a farmhouse there is a herd of cattle and _________ people.
9．The man __________ the department charged the driver $100 for not limiting his speed.
10．The generous poet has donated ________________ money to charity.
is eager to
starts with
a crowd of
in charge of
a large amount of