山西省名校2022届高三上学期12月阶段性性练习（三）英语试题
(学生版）
（时间：90分钟 满分120分）
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A
Heritage on the Edge
In an effort to preserve some of the world’s most famous landmarks，Google has announced a new project to transform a few of the most endangered by climate change into interactive 3D models，just in case one or all is irreparably(不能恢复地)damaged in the coming decades.
Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle comprises 27 buildings on top of an extinct volcano. It was home to many kings and queens. But old roofs and rainwater management systems will become insufficient as they will be unable to deal with the level of storm water associated with extreme weather events. Besides，if temperatures continue to rise，the rate of decay(腐烂)will increase further.
Kilwa Kisiwani
Kilwa Kisiwani was a regional center of the medieval trading civilization along the East African Coast. Its permanent architecture included ports，Muslim buildings，and the unique“stone houses”. However，the drier weather and subsequently heavy rainfall is threatening the stability of the ruins，causing the worsening of this exposed heritage site.
Mosque City of Bagherat
The Mosque City of Bagherat was once a lost city. It has many Muslim buildings，bridges，roads and palaces. A recent report stressed the increasing impacts of sea level rise and changes in salinity(盐度)on this community. Increased salinity not only makes much of the water undrinkable but damages structures.
Chan Chan
Chan Chan was the capital city of Chimu empire，stretching for nearly a thousand kilometers along the coastline. The city planning reflects a strict political and social strategy. But site managers today face challenges in rainfall and droughts due to El Nino events and climate change that threaten to gradually wash the ancient city away.
1．What do we know about Edinburgh Castle
A．It was built along the coast. B．It is the largest castle in the world.
C．It is in danger of being washed away. D．It used to be the home of royal families.
2．Which of the following phenomena is happening in the Mosque City of Bagherat
A．Water pollution. B．Water’s becoming salty.
C．Water shortage. D．Water’s being overused.
3．What is probably the biggest threat to the above sites
A．Temperature rises. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Sea water. D.Environmental damage.
B
I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.
In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner.
I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention,
4.What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner
A.His willingness to help mom. B.His curiosity about machines.
C.His trouble in doing family chores. D.His discontent with existing cleaners.
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A.The help from the author’s wife. B.The financial problems of the family.
C.The tough process of the new invention. D.The procedures of making a bagless cleaner.
6.Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology
A.They thought they might suffer loss. B.They considered it not good enough.
C.They faced legal problems themselves. D.They had begun making such machines.
7.What lesson may the author learn from the experience
A.Think twice before acting. B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Actions speak louder than words. D.A good beginning makes a good ending.
C
Robots will be used to charge electric cars al only a small part of the price of installing fixed roadside charging devices.
A fleet of autonomous charging devices is being developed that will seek out vehicles running low on battery power with little involvement from the human driver. Volkswagen, the German car maker, said that a sample of the robot had been developed. The move would help to allay concern over the shortage of roadside charge points needed to support the rising demand for electric cars. A recent report by the International Council on Clean Transportation found that Britain has only 5 per cent of the roadside chargers that will be needed by 2030. It can cost thousands of pounds to install a charger, which involves feeding a power supply to the roadside or car park and installing charging structure. VW Group Components, a subsidiary of the car maker, is developing innovations that would cut the cost of charging. One idea involves creating multiple mobile energy units that can be charged in a single location, such as a car park, and then moved into position next to a car. Such “quick charging stations” have been developed and are likely to be introduced early next year.
To improve the technology, the company is developing a robot that ran move the charger into position and complete the process with no human input. When activated via an app, the robot would take the charger to the car, open the socket flap on the vehicle and connect the charging wire. The system would “enable operators to quickly and simply ‘electrify’ every parking space using the mobile charging robot”, the company said, which would reduce the construction work needed as well as the cost.
8.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “allay” in the second paragraph
A.rise. B.reuse. C.reply. D.reduce.
9.We can learn from the passage that___________ (What can we learn from the passage )
A.the robots have been used to charge electric cars.
B.the robots can be used with the help of humans.
C.a driver can use the robots by downloading an app.
D.it can cost thousands of pounds to develop a robot.
10．How can the charging cost be cut according to the text
A.By increasing the human input. B.By installing more roadside chargers.
C.By developing “quick charging station”. D.By decreasing the price of charging vehicles.
11.What's the main idea of the text
A.It is much cheaper to use robots than to use humans.
B.The robots will connect the charger to the electric car.
C.It costs more to install a fixed roadside charging devices.
D.The robots will be used to seek out vehicles with low power.
D
The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size. Now researchers at Lund University in Sweden have studied the aerodynamics(空气动力) of butterflies in the wind tunnel(风洞). The results suggest that butterflies use a highly helpful clap technique, therefore making use of their unique wings. This helps them rapidly take off when escaping natural enemies.
The researchers studied the wingbeats of freely flying butterflies during takeoff in the wind tunnel. During the upward process, the wings cup, creating an air-filled pocket between them. When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward. The downward wingbeat has another function: the butterflies stay in the air and do not fall to the ground.
The wings' striking was described by researchers almost 50 years ago, but it is only in this study that the theory has been tested on real butterflies in free flight. Until now, it has been generally believed that butterfly wings are aerodynamically inefficient. However, the researchers suggest that the opposite is actually true.
“That the wings are cupped when butterflies clap them together, makes the wing clap much more effective. It is an elegant mechanism that is far more advanced than we imagined, and it is fascinating,” says biology researcher Per Henningsson, who studied the butterflies' aerodynamics. “The results of the study could help inspire improved performance and flight technology in small unmanned aircraft,” he continues.
In addition to studying the butterflies, the researchers designed mechanical wings that are modeled on real ones. The shape and flexibility of the mechanical wings as they are cupped and folded confirm the efficiency. Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.
12.What does the researchers' study focus on
A.The butterfly's body size. B.The butterfly's flying principle.
C.The butterfly's escape technique. D.The butterfly's frequency of wingbeats.
13.For what purpose do butterfly wings strike
A.To empty the air pocket for forward force. B.To release their additional energy.
C.To circle steadily in the air. D.To form an air pocket.
14.Why were the mechanical wings made
A.They might draw public attention.
B.They could be used to test the findings.
C.They'd show results in line with popular belief.
D.They helped avoid experimenting on live butterflies.
15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.New Discoveries Are Made Based on Aerodynamics
B.Flexible Wings Boost Plane Making Industry
C.Butterfly Wing Clap Explains Secret of Flight
D.Butterfly Adapts Itself to the Wild Survival
第二节 阅读填空（共5小题：每小题2.分，满分10分）
Children learn who they are and how to identify, value, and communicate needs and feelings through interactions with their parents. 16． Here are several key things to ensure your children grow into independent adults.
Allow freedom of information. One of the main characteristics of healthy families is freedom to express thoughts and observations. 17． For instance, forbidding mentioning of daddy’s drinking teaches children to be fearful and doubt themselves. Children are naturally curious about everything. This is healthy and should be encouraged.
Accept your children’s feelings. Many clients tell me that they weren’t allowed to express anger, complain, feel sad or even get excited. 18． This becomes problematic in their adult relationships and can lead to depression. Allowing children to express their feelings provides a healthy outlet.
Respect your children’s boundaries. Respecting children’s thoughts and feelings is a way of respecting boundaries. Verbal abuse and attacks violate their boundaries, so does unwanted touch. Additionally, children’s property, space and privacy should be respected. 19．
20． Children need a safe, predictable and fair environment. When rules and punishments are arbitrary or inconsistent, instead of learning from mistakes, children will become angry and anxious, and learn to distrust their parents. The best rules and punishments should relate to natural consequences of the wrong-doing, rather than mere physical punishments.
A.They learned to restrict their feelings.
B.Have reasonable, explicit, consistent rules and punishments.
C.Allow children appropriate responsibility and independence.
D.Secrets and no-talk rules are common in unhealthy families.
E.Thus, how you communicate with your children is significant.
F.Therefore, you can’t give them too much love and understanding.
G.Reading their mail or talking to their friends behind their back is off-limits.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Best Holiday
I was unbelievably proud of my nine-year-old daughter. Emily 21 to buy a mountain bike. She’d been saving her pocket money all year, 22 doing small jobs to earn extra money.
By Thanksgiving, she had collected only $49. I said, “You can have your pick from my bicycle 23 .” “Thanks, Daddy. But your bikes are so 24 .” She was right. All my girls’ bikes were 1950s models, not the kind a kid today would 25 choose.
As Christmas 26 near, Emily and I went bike shopping. As we left one store, she 27 a Salvation Army volunteer standing next to a big pot. “Can we give something, Daddy ” she asked. “Sorry, Emily, I’m out of 28 .” I said.
Throughout December, Emily continued to 29 hard. Then one day, she made a 30 announcement. “I’m going to give my total savings of $58 to the poor people.” So one cold morning before Christmas, Emily handed the money to a volunteer who was really very 31 .
32 by Emily’s selflessness, I decided to contribute 33 of my old bicycles to a car dealer who was collecting used bikes for poor children. When I selected a shiny model from my collection, 34 , it seemed as if a second bike took on a glow (发光). Should I contribute two No, one would be enough. But I couldn’t 35 the feeling that I should give a second bike. When I later 36 the bikes, the car dealer said, “You’re making two kids very 37 , sir. Here are your tickets. For each bicycle contributed, we’re 38 one chance to win a girls’ mountain bike.”
Why wasn’t I surprised when that second ticket proved to be the 39 I like to think it was God’s way of 40 a little girl for a sacrifice beyond her years ---- while giving her dad a lesson in the process.
21．A．promised B．amazed C．determined D．organized
22．A．as well as B．rather than C．because of D．in addition
23．A．collection B．contribution C．shop D．club
24．A．strange B．simple C．old D．messy
25．A．seldom B．likely C．exactly D．merely
26．A．drew B．became C．went D．pulled
27．A．remembered B．guided C．caught D．noticed
28．A．date B．change C．control D．order
29．A．study B．try C．push D．work
30．A．public B．surprising C．random D．risky
31．A．agreeable B．hopeful C．thankful D．pitiful
32．A．Moved B．Shocked C．Persuaded D．Demanded
33．A．one B．some C．two D．any
34．A．therefore B．however C．luckily D．similarly
35．A．express B．describe C．explain D．shake
36．A．returned B．delivered C．chose D．shared
37．A．generous B．curious C．happy D．fair
38．A．picking up B．showing up C．depending on D．giving away
39．A．present B．harvest C．winner D．chance
40．A．getting B．praising C．sheltering D．rewarding
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rome wasn't built in a day.
Nearly two decades have passed since China sent 41． first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. In that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit（轨道），42． （form） the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging 43． (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region.
Now with two more Beidou satellites 44． (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit, 45． means the core (核心)of Beidou’s third-generation network is now 46． place. At the end of 2018 BDS started to provide global services. It's expected to greatly improve the system's 47． (able) to serve users worldwide. ''This marks Beidou's stepping into a 'global era' from its 'regional era'," BDS Spokesperson Ran Chengqi said at a news conference.
Although a satellite-based navigation system needs only 24 satellites to run 48． (proper), having 53 allow for better coverage. He added that future plans call for a 49． (smart) and more accessible system with Beidou at its core, to come online by 2035.
By then, we can probably say that Rome 50． (be) built finally.
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（（共10 小题;每小题1分，满分10分>
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jack,
A winter camp will be held in our school with exhange students to experience the culture of traditional Chinese holidays.It is golden chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture, so I’m invited you to participate.
The camp will begin in our school on February 6, last five days. A series of lectures on tradtional culture will be giving by famous experts who they are from all walks of life. Student of various cultures can have a face-to-face talk with each other on the topic of Chinese culture. However, you’ll have the opportunity to taste various and deliciously traditional Chinese culture yourself!
Coming and expeirence the real Chinese culture yourself!
第二节∶书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你校将举办"我的祖国和我"英语演讲比赛。请给你校外籍教师James写一封电子邮件，告知他演讲比赛的有关内容，并邀请他当评委。
要点包括∶1.比赛的时间和地点;2.举办此活动的目的和意义;3.诚挚邀请他担任评委。注意∶
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
Yours
Li Hua试卷第1页，共3页山西省名校2022届高三上学期12月阶段性性练习（三）英语试题
(解析版）
（时间：90分钟 满分120分）
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Heritage on the Edge
In an effort to preserve some of the world’s most famous landmarks，Google has announced a new project to transform a few of the most endangered by climate change into interactive 3D models，just in case one or all is irreparably(不能恢复地)damaged in the coming decades.
Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle comprises 27 buildings on top of an extinct volcano. It was home to many kings and queens. But old roofs and rainwater management systems will become insufficient as they will be unable to deal with the level of storm water associated with extreme weather events. Besides，if temperatures continue to rise，the rate of decay(腐烂)will increase further.
Kilwa Kisiwani
Kilwa Kisiwani was a regional center of the medieval trading civilization along the East African Coast. Its permanent architecture included ports，Muslim buildings，and the unique“stone houses”. However，the drier weather and subsequently heavy rainfall is threatening the stability of the ruins，causing the worsening of this exposed heritage site.
Mosque City of Bagherat
The Mosque City of Bagherat was once a lost city. It has many Muslim buildings，bridges，roads and palaces. A recent report stressed the increasing impacts of sea level rise and changes in salinity(盐度)on this community. Increased salinity not only makes much of the water undrinkable but damages structures.
Chan Chan
Chan Chan was the capital city of Chimu empire，stretching for nearly a thousand kilometers along the coastline. The city planning reflects a strict political and social strategy. But site managers today face challenges in rainfall and droughts due to El Nino events and climate change that threaten to gradually wash the ancient city away.
1．What do we know about Edinburgh Castle
A．It was built along the coast. B．It is the largest castle in the world.
C．It is in danger of being washed away. D．It used to be the home of royal families.
2．Which of the following phenomena is happening in the Mosque City of Bagherat
A．Water pollution. B．Water’s becoming salty.
C．Water shortage. D．Water’s being overused.
3．What is probably the biggest threat to the above sites
A．Temperature rises. B．Volcanic eruptions.
C．Sea water. D．Environmental damage.
参考答案
1．D 2．B 3．A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然---气候变化对建筑物的影响。
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了由于气候变化的影响，四个面临濒危的地标性建筑。
【详解】
1.【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It was home to many kings and queens. ”（它是许多国王和王后的家。）可知，Edinburgh Castle曾是皇室的家园。故选D。
2.【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“A recent report stressed the increasing impacts of sea level rise and changes in salinity(盐度)on this community. Increased salinity not only makes much of the water undrinkable but damages structures.”（最近的一份报告强调了海平面上升和盐度的变化对这一社区日益增加的影响。盐度的增加不仅使大量的水不能饮用，而且破坏建筑物。）可知，在清真寺城市巴赫拉特，水变得越来越咸。故选B。
3.【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“…, Google has announced a new project to transform a few of the most endangered by climate change into…”（谷歌宣布了一项新计划将一些最受气候变化威胁的地区改造成......）可知，这四个地标性建筑最大的威胁可能是温度的上升。故选A。
B
I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.
In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner.
I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention,
4.What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner
A.His willingness to help mom.
B.His curiosity about machines.
C.His trouble in doing family chores.
D.His discontent with existing cleaners.
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A.The help from the author’s wife.
B.The financial problems of the family.
C.The tough process of the new invention.
D.The procedures of making a bagless cleaner.
6.Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology
A.They thought they might suffer loss.
B.They considered it not good enough.
C.They faced legal problems themselves.
D.They had begun making such machines.
7.What lesson may the author learn from the experience
A.Think twice before acting.
B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.A good beginning makes a good ending.
参考答案
4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境： 人与自我----发明无袋吸尘器。
【文章大意】文章主要通过讲述作者发明无袋吸尘器的经历，揭示了“失败为成功之母”的道理。
4．【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据文章第一段末尾句内容“I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.( 我讨厌换真空吸尘器的袋子，讨厌把吸尘器吸不进去的东西捡起来。二十年后，也就是1978年，我对这台机器的工作方式一直很反感，于是决定做一台无袋的。)”可知，对于真空吸尘器的反感导致了作者研制一种无袋吸尘器。故选D项。
5.【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。通读文章第二段内容，可知其段落结构为总分总结构，首句内容“Easier said than done, of course.( 当然，说起来容易做起来难。)”和末尾句内容“These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.( 这是艰难的时刻，但每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。)”点明本段主旨要义，即：作者发明无袋吸尘器过程中遇到的一些困难。选项C. The tough process of the new invention.(这项新发明的艰难过程。)贴合主旨。故选C项。
6.【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters. No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business.( 主要的吸尘器制造商建立了一种基于包装袋和过滤器利润的商业模式。没有人会批准我的想法，不是因为它不好，而是因为它不利于生意。)”可知，没人会认可作者的想法是因为真空吸尘器的包装袋和过滤器能够给商家带来盈利，而作者发明的无袋吸尘器会使商家失去原有的能够带来盈利的部分，因此商家担心其不能带来盈利反而可能会导致损失。故选A项。
7．【命题意图】考查推理判断题。作者在文章末尾点明主旨，揭示道理：Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention.( 今天，我仍然接受风险和失败的可能性作为过程的一部分。没有什么能比得上发明带来的兴奋。)可知，作者的“无袋吸尘器”发明经历使他明白了风险和失败在发明过程中是可能存在的。选项B. Failure is the mother of success.( 失败是成功之母。)正确陈述了作者的领悟。故选B项。
【点睛】
阅读理解之段落主旨大意
首尾呼应原则：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。比如文章的第2小题：
5. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A. The help from the author’s wife.
B. The financial problems of the family.
C. The tough process of the new invention.
D. The procedures of making a bagless cleaner.
通过阅读文章第二段可知，该段的主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。因此结合首末两个主题句：“Easier said than done, of course.( 当然，说起来容易做起来难。)”和“These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.( 这是艰难的时刻，但每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。)”分析可知，选项C. The tough process of the new invention.符合主旨要义。因此答案为C项。
C
Robots will be used to charge electric cars al only a small part of the price of installing fixed roadside charging devices.
A fleet of autonomous charging devices is being developed that will seek out vehicles running low on battery power with little involvement from the human driver. Volkswagen, the German car maker, said that a sample of the robot had been developed. The move would help to allay concern over the shortage of roadside charge points needed to support the rising demand for electric cars. A recent report by the International Council on Clean Transportation found that Britain has only 5 per cent of the roadside chargers that will be needed by 2030. It can cost thousands of pounds to install a charger, which involves feeding a power supply to the roadside or car park and installing charging structure. VW Group Components, a subsidiary of the car maker, is developing innovations that would cut the cost of charging. One idea involves creating multiple mobile energy units that can be charged in a single location, such as a car park, and then moved into position next to a car. Such “quick charging stations” have been developed and are likely to be introduced early next year.
To improve the technology, the company is developing a robot that ran move the charger into position and complete the process with no human input. When activated via an app, the robot would take the charger to the car, open the socket flap on the vehicle and connect the charging wire. The system would “enable operators to quickly and simply ‘electrify’ every parking space using the mobile charging robot”, the company said, which would reduce the construction work needed as well as the cost.
8.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “allay” in the second paragraph
A.rise. B.reuse. C.reply. D.reduce.
9.We can learn from the passage that___________ (What can we learn from the passage )
A.the robots have been used to charge electric cars.
B.the robots can be used with the help of humans.
C.a driver can use the robots by downloading an app.
D.it can cost thousands of pounds to develop a robot.
10．How can the charging cost be cut according to the text
A.By increasing the human input. B.By installing more roadside chargers.
C.By developing “quick charging station”. D.By decreasing the price of charging vehicles.
11.What's the main idea of the text
A.It is much cheaper to use robots than to use humans.
B.The robots will connect the charger to the electric car.
C.It costs more to install a fixed roadside charging devices.
D.The robots will be used to seek out vehicles with low power.
参考答案
8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然--开发充电机器人
【文章大意】本文介绍德国大众汽车公司开发的一款充电机器人解决驾驶电动车出行出现电池电量不足却没地方充电的难题。
8．【命题意图】考查词句猜测题。根据所猜词后一句“A recent report by the International Council on Clean Transportation found that Britain has only 5 per cent of the roadside chargers that will be needed by 2030.(国际清洁运输理事会最近的一份报告发现，英国到2030年所需的路边充电器只占5%)”可知，当大众的这款充电机器人研发出来之后，路上所需要的充电桩就会减少很多。由此可以推断出，充电机器人的出现可以减少人们对路边充电点短缺的担忧，故“allay”的意思为“减少”。故此题选D。
9．【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When activated via an app, the robot would take the charger to the car, open the socket flap on the vehicle and connect the charging wire.(当通过应用程序激活时，机器人会把充电器带到车上，打开车上的插座盖，然后连接充电线)”可知，司机要使用机器人充电需要下载APP。故此题选C。
10．【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第二段端末“VW Group Components, a subsidiary of the car maker, is developing innovations that would cut the cost of charging. One idea involves creating multiple mobile energy units that can be charged in a single location, such as a car park, and then moved into position next to a car. (大众汽车旗下的子公司大众集团零部件公司正在研发降低充电成本的创新技术。其中一个想法是创建多个移动能源单元，这些单元可以在一个地方充电，比如停车场，然后移动到汽车旁边的位置。)”可知，减少充电费用的方式就是创立快速充电站。故此题选C。
11．【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Robots will be used to charge electric cars al only a small part of the price of installing fixed roadside charging devices. (机器人将被用来为电动汽车充电，价格仅为安装路边固定充电设备的一小部分)”以及第二段“Volkswagen, the German car maker, said that a sample of the robot had been developed.(德国汽车制造商大众表示，该机器人的一个样品已经研发出来)”可知，本文主要介绍了德国大众汽车公司开发的一款充电机器人解决驾驶电动车出行出现电池电量不足却没地方充电的难题，即机器人将把充电器连接到电动汽车上。故此题选B。
D
The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size. Now researchers at Lund University in Sweden have studied the aerodynamics(空气动力) of butterflies in the wind tunnel(风洞). The results suggest that butterflies use a highly helpful clap technique, therefore making use of their unique wings. This helps them rapidly take off when escaping natural enemies.
The researchers studied the wingbeats of freely flying butterflies during takeoff in the wind tunnel. During the upward process, the wings cup, creating an air-filled pocket between them. When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward. The downward wingbeat has another function: the butterflies stay in the air and do not fall to the ground.
The wings' striking was described by researchers almost 50 years ago, but it is only in this study that the theory has been tested on real butterflies in free flight. Until now, it has been generally believed that butterfly wings are aerodynamically inefficient. However, the researchers suggest that the opposite is actually true.
“That the wings are cupped when butterflies clap them together, makes the wing clap much more effective. It is an elegant mechanism that is far more advanced than we imagined, and it is fascinating,” says biology researcher Per Henningsson, who studied the butterflies' aerodynamics. “The results of the study could help inspire improved performance and flight technology in small unmanned aircraft,” he continues.
In addition to studying the butterflies, the researchers designed mechanical wings that are modeled on real ones. The shape and flexibility of the mechanical wings as they are cupped and folded confirm the efficiency. Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.
12.What does the researchers' study focus on
A.The butterfly's body size.
B.The butterfly's flying principle.
C.The butterfly's escape technique.
D.The butterfly's frequency of wingbeats.
13.For what purpose do butterfly wings strike
A.To empty the air pocket for forward force.
B.To release their additional energy.
C.To circle steadily in the air.
D.To form an air pocket.
14.Why were the mechanical wings made
A.They might draw public attention.
B.They could be used to test the findings.
C.They'd show results in line with popular belief.
D.They helped avoid experimenting on live butterflies.
15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.New Discoveries Are Made Based on Aerodynamics
B.Flexible Wings Boost Plane Making Industry
C.Butterfly Wing Clap Explains Secret of Flight
D.Butterfly Adapts Itself to the Wild Survival
参考答案
12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C
【语篇类型】：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然----研究蝴蝶拍翅说明飞行的奥秘。
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技文。文章主要通过研究解答了蝴蝶拍翅说明飞行的秘密。
12．【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size.Now researchers at Lund University in Sweden have studied the aerodynamics(空气动力) of butterflies in the wind tunnel(风洞).”（到目前为止，蝴蝶的飞行对研究人员来说还是一个秘密，因为它们的翅膀相对于它们的体型来说是非常大和宽阔的。现在，瑞典隆德大学的研究人员已经研究了蝴蝶在风洞中的空气动力学。）可知，研究人员的研究重点是蝴蝶的飞行原理。故选B项。
13．【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第二段“When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward.”（当蝴蝶的翅膀相互撞击时，空气被挤出，产生一股强大的向后气流，推动蝴蝶前进。）可知，蝴蝶翅膀撞击的目的是清空气穴以获得前进的力量。故选A项。
14．【命题意图】考查推理判断题。根据最后一段“mechanical wings that are modeled on real ones. The shape and flexibility of the mechanical wings as they are cupped and folded confirm the efficiency. Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.”（除了研究蝴蝶，研究人员还模仿真实的蝴蝶设计了机械翅膀。机械机翼的形状和灵活性，因为他们是杯状和折叠确认效率。他们的测量结果显示，与刚性机翼相比，柔性机翼产生的推力提高了22%，效率提高了28%。）可推断，制造机械机翼可以用来测试这些发现。故选B项。
15．【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。根据第一段“The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size.”（到目前为止，蝴蝶的飞行对研究人员来说还是一个秘密，因为它们的翅膀相对于它们的体型来说是非常大和宽阔的。）及全文可知，本文主要是解答蝴蝶拍翅说明飞行的秘密。故选C项。
第二节 阅读填空（共5小题：每小题2.分，满分10分）
Children learn who they are and how to identify, value, and communicate needs and feelings through interactions with their parents. 16． Here are several key things to ensure your children grow into independent adults.
Allow freedom of information. One of the main characteristics of healthy families is freedom to express thoughts and observations. 17． For instance, forbidding mentioning of daddy’s drinking teaches children to be fearful and doubt themselves. Children are naturally curious about everything. This is healthy and should be encouraged.
Accept your children’s feelings. Many clients tell me that they weren’t allowed to express anger, complain, feel sad or even get excited. 18． This becomes problematic in their adult relationships and can lead to depression. Allowing children to express their feelings provides a healthy outlet.
Respect your children’s boundaries. Respecting children’s thoughts and feelings is a way of respecting boundaries. Verbal abuse and attacks violate their boundaries, so does unwanted touch. Additionally, children’s property, space and privacy should be respected. 19．
20． Children need a safe, predictable and fair environment. When rules and punishments are arbitrary or inconsistent, instead of learning from mistakes, children will become angry and anxious, and learn to distrust their parents. The best rules and punishments should relate to natural consequences of the wrong-doing, rather than mere physical punishments.
A.They learned to restrict their feelings.
B.Have reasonable, explicit, consistent rules and punishments.
C.Allow children appropriate responsibility and independence.
D.Secrets and no-talk rules are common in unhealthy families.
E.Thus, how you communicate with your children is significant.
F.Therefore, you can’t give them too much love and understanding.
G.Reading their mail or talking to their friends behind their back is off-limits.
参考答案
16．E 17．D 18．A 19．G 20．B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与社会----家长与孩子互动促进孩子成长
《文章大意》文章介绍了父母与孩子互动的建议，帮助孩子成长，独立。
16．考察过渡性句子。根据上文“Children learn who they are and how to identify, value, and communicate needs and feelings through interactions with their parents.(孩子通过与父母的互动交流学会了解自己，做出判断，和表达自己的需求和感情)”可知，孩子好多品质都是从在与父母互动交流过程中学到的，E项内容提到父母与孩子的交流方式就很重要。由此可知，E项“Thus, how you communicate with your children is significant.(这样情况下，你是如何与孩子交流的即你和孩子的交流方式就很重要)”承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
17．考察解释性句子。根据上文“One of the main characteristics of healthy families is freedom to express thoughts and observations.(健康家庭关系的一个主要特征就是表达情感与观察的自由)”可知，要给孩子表达的机会，由言论自由，D项“Secrets and no-talk rules are common in unhealthy families.(秘密和禁止谈论在不健康的家庭是常见的)”指出了两种情况对比更突显给孩子话语权的重要性。下文“For instance, forbidding mentioning of daddy’s drinking teaches children to be fearful and doubt themselves.(例如，禁止谈论父亲酗酒会让孩子恐惧，开始自我怀疑)”举例说明D项中的内容。故选D项。
18．考察过度性句子。根据上文“Many clients tell me that they weren’t allowed to express anger, complain, feel sad or even get excited.(许多委托人告诉我他们在家里不被允许表达愤怒，抱怨，不开心甚至兴奋)”可知，A项“They learned to restrict their feelings.(他们学会了约束控制自己的情感)”承接上文。下文“This becomes problematic in their adult relationships and can lead to depression.(这将在孩子未来成年后人际关系产生问题，进而导致抑郁)”中的this指代A项中的restrict their feelings(约束他们的情感)。故选A项。
19．考察列举事例句子。根据段落小标题“Respect your children’s boundaries.(尊重孩子的边界感)”可知，本段主要讲述要尊重孩子。上文“children’s property, space and privacy should be respected.(尊重孩子的财物，空间，隐私)”以及G项内容“Reading their mail or talking to their friends behind their back is off-limits.(读孩子的信件，背后谈论孩子的朋友都是越界)”都是在列举不尊重孩子的隐私的例子，符合上文内容。故选G项。
20．考察概括性句子。该空需要填选出本段小标题，概括全段内容。根据下文“When rules and punishments are arbitrary or inconsistent, instead of learning from mistakes, children will become angry and anxious, and learn to distrust their parents.(当规矩和惩罚是专断和不一致时，孩子会易怒易焦虑，不信任父母，而不是从错误中学习)”可知，应该给孩子合理的理智的，明确的，一致规矩和惩罚。B项“Have reasonable, explicit, consistent rules and punishments.(有合理、明确、一致的规章制度和处罚办法)”适合做本段小标题。故选B项。
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Best Holiday
I was unbelievably proud of my nine-year-old daughter. Emily 21 to buy a mountain bike. She’d been saving her pocket money all year, 22 doing small jobs to earn extra money.
By Thanksgiving, she had collected only $49. I said, “You can have your pick from my bicycle 23 .” “Thanks, Daddy. But your bikes are so 24 .” She was right. All my girls’ bikes were 1950s models, not the kind a kid today would 25 choose.
As Christmas 26 near, Emily and I went bike shopping. As we left one store, she 27 a Salvation Army volunteer standing next to a big pot. “Can we give something, Daddy ” she asked. “Sorry, Emily, I’m out of 28 .” I said.
Throughout December, Emily continued to 29 hard. Then one day, she made a 30 announcement. “I’m going to give my total savings of $58 to the poor people.” So one cold morning before Christmas, Emily handed the money to a volunteer who was really very 31 .
32 by Emily’s selflessness, I decided to contribute 33 of my old bicycles to a car dealer who was collecting used bikes for poor children. When I selected a shiny model from my collection, 34 , it seemed as if a second bike took on a glow (发光). Should I contribute two No, one would be enough. But I couldn’t 35 the feeling that I should give a second bike. When I later 36 the bikes, the car dealer said, “You’re making two kids very 37 , sir. Here are your tickets. For each bicycle contributed, we’re 38 one chance to win a girls’ mountain bike.”
Why wasn’t I surprised when that second ticket proved to be the 39 I like to think it was God’s way of 40 a little girl for a sacrifice beyond her years ---- while giving her dad a lesson in the process.
21．A．promised B．amazed C．determined D．organized
22．A．as well as B．rather than C．because of D．in addition
23．A．collection B．contribution C．shop D．club
24．A．strange B．simple C．old D．messy
25．A．seldom B．likely C．exactly D．merely
26．A．drew B．became C．went D．pulled
27．A．remembered B．guided C．caught D．noticed
28．A．date B．change C．control D．order
29．A．study B．try C．push D．work
30．A．public B．surprising C．random D．risky
31．A．agreeable B．hopeful C．thankful D．pitiful
32．A．Moved B．Shocked C．Persuaded D．Demanded
33．A．one B．some C．two D．any
34．A．therefore B．however C．luckily D．similarly
35．A．express B．describe C．explain D．shake
36．A．returned B．delivered C．chose D．shared
37．A．generous B．curious C．happy D．fair
38．A．picking up B．showing up C．depending on D．giving away
39．A．present B．harvest C．winner D．chance
40．A．getting B．praising C．sheltering D．rewarding
参考答案
21-25．CAACB 26-30．ADBDB 31-35.CAABD 36-40．BCDCD
篇语类型：记叙文。主题语境： 人与社会----父女为教慈事业捐款、捐自行车。
《文章大意》作者为一名父亲，讲述了女儿把攒了一年的准备买山地车的钱捐给了基督教慈善组织志愿者。父亲深受感动，捐了两辆自己收藏的自行车，结果却意外获得一辆女式山地车的奖励。
21．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：埃米莉决定要买一辆山地自行车。A. promised答应；B. amazed吃惊；C. determined决定；D. organized组织。根据下文“She’d been saving her pocket money all year, 22 doing small jobs to earn extra money.(她一整年都在攒零花钱，还做些小活赚外快。)”以及“As Christmas 26 near, Emily and I went bike shopping. (圣诞节临近时，我和埃米莉去买自行车。)”可知，埃米莉攒钱决定买辆山地自行车，故选C项。
22．本题考查语境判断之逻辑连接词。句意：她一整年都在攒零花钱，还做些小活赚外快。A. as well as 也，还；B. rather than 而不是；C. because of 因为；D. in addition另外。根据“ saving her pocket(攒零花钱)”和“doing small jobs(做小活) ”可知两个攒钱的动作是并列关系，除了攒零花钱还做些小活来赚钱，故选A项。
23．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：你可以从我收藏的自行车中挑选一辆。A. collection收藏品；B. contribution贡献；C. shop商店；D. club俱乐部。根据下文“When I selected a shiny model from my collection, 34 , it seemed as if a second bike took on a glow (发光). (当我从我的收藏中选择一个闪亮的自行车时，然而，似乎第二辆自行车在发光。)”可知是从收藏的自行车里挑选，故选A项。
24．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：“谢谢，爸爸。但是你的自行车太旧了。”A. strange 奇怪的，陌生的；B. simple 简单的；C. old 老的，旧的；D. messy 乱糟糟的。由下一句“She was right. All my girls’ bikes were 1950s models, not the kind a kid today would 25 choose.(她是对的。我的女式自行车都是20世纪50年代的款式，不是现在的孩子可能会选择的那种。)”可知埃米莉觉得爸爸的自行车太老旧了，故选C项。
25．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我的女式自行车都是20世纪50年代的款式，不是现在的孩子可能会选择的那种。A. seldom很少；B. likely可能；C. exactly精确地；D. merely仅仅。根据上文““Thanks, Daddy. But your bikes are so 24 .” She was right. All my girls’ bikes were 1950s models(“谢谢，爸爸。但是你的自行车太旧了。她是对的。我的女式自行车都是20世纪50年代的款式”)”可知爸爸收藏的女式自行车太老旧，不是现在的孩子可能会选择的那种，故选B项。
26．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：圣诞节临近时，我和埃米莉去买自行车。A. drew 牵引，描绘；B. became 变成；C. went 去；D. pulled 拉。根据第二段“By Thanksgiving(到感恩节)”克推知是圣诞节临近了，短语draw near表示“接近，临近”，故选A项。
27．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：当我们离开一家商店时，她注意到一位基督教慈善组织志愿者站在一个大罐子旁边。A. remembered 记得；B. guided 指导；C. caught 抓住；D. noticed 注意到，发现。根据下文“ “Can we give something, Daddy ” (“我们能给点什么吗，爸爸 ”)”可知她注意到了那位志愿者，故选D项。
28．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：“对不起，埃米丽，我没零钱了。”A. date 约会；B. change 零钱，改变；C. control 控制；D. order 订单，命令。根据埃米莉问“ “Can we give something, Daddy ” (“我们能给点什么吗，爸爸 ”)”，结合爸爸的回答“Sorry”可知，爸爸没有零钱了，故选B项。
29．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：整个12月，埃米莉继续努力工作。A. study 学习；B. try 努力，尝试；C. push 推，逼；D. work 工作。由第一段提到“ She’d been saving her pocket money all year, 22 doing small jobs to earn extra money.(她一整年都在攒零花钱，还做些小活赚外快。)”可知她十二月继续努力“工作”攒钱，故选D项。
30．本题考查语境判断之感彩。句意：后来有一天，她宣布了一个惊人的消息。A. public 公开的；B. surprising 令人惊讶的；C. random 随机的；D. risky 冒险的。由下文“ “I’m going to give my total savings of $58 to the poor people.” (“我要把我总共58美元的储蓄给穷人。”)”可知埃米莉宣布的消息是要把攒下的钱捐给穷人，但她一整年都在努力攒钱是为了买一辆山地自行车，由此可知这个消息的惊人的，故选B项。
31．本题考查语境判断之感彩。句意：所以在圣诞节前的一个寒冷的早晨，埃米莉把钱交给了一个志愿者，他非常感激。A. agreeable 令人愉快的，适合的；B. hopeful 有希望的；C. thankful 感激的；D. pitiful 遗憾的。埃米莉把钱捐给他们，可知他们的感受是非常感激，故选C项。
32．本题考查语境判断之感彩动词。句意：被埃米莉的无私所感动，我决定把我的一辆旧自行车捐给一个汽车经销商，他正在为贫穷的孩子收集二手自行车。A. Moved 感动；B. Shocked 震惊；C. Persuaded 说服；D. Demanded 要求。由“我决定把我的一辆旧自行车捐给一个汽车经销商，他正在为贫穷的孩子收集二手自行车。”可知爸爸是被埃米莉的无私行为感动了，也决定要捐出自行车，故选A项。
33．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：被埃米莉的无私所感动，我决定把我的一辆旧自行车捐给一个汽车经销商，他正在为贫穷的孩子收集二手自行车。A. one 一个，某个；B. some 一些，某些；C. two 两个；D. any 任何一个。由下文“No, one would be enough. (不，一辆就够了。)”可知爸爸一开始打算捐一辆自行车，故选A项。
34．本题考查语境判断之逻辑连接词。句意：当我从我的收藏中选择一辆闪亮的自行车时，然而，似乎第二辆自行车也在发光。A. therefore 因此；B. however 然而；C. luckily 幸运地是；D. similarly 相似地。由下文“No, one would be enough. (不，一辆就够了。)”可知爸爸一开始打算捐一辆自行车，但此时在挑选一辆要捐的自行车时爸爸觉得第二辆车也在发光，说明此时爸爸有想捐两辆自行车的想法，但还在纠结犹豫，所以前后句用表示转折的however连接，故选B项。
35．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：但我无法摆脱我应该送出第二辆自行车的感觉。A. express 表达，递送；B. describe 描述；C. explain 解释；D. shake 动摇。由下文“ When I later 36 the bikes, the car dealer said, “You’re making two kids very 37, sir. (后来我把自行车送过去时，那个车商说:“先生，您让两个孩子感到高兴。”)”可知爸爸最后捐出了两辆自行车，所以是无法动摇想要再捐第二辆车的感觉，故选D项。
36．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：后来我把自行车送过去时，那个车商说:“先生，您让两个孩子感到高兴。”A. returned返回；B. delivered递送；C. chose选择；D. shared分享。爸爸捐出了两辆自行车，所以是把自行车送过去，故选B项。
37．本题考查语境判断之感彩。句意：后来我把自行车送过去时，那个车商说:“先生，您让两个孩子感到高兴。”A. generous 慷慨的；B. curious 小心的；C. happy 开心的；D. fair 公平的。由上文“ I decided to contribute 33 of my old bicycles to a car dealer who was collecting used bikes for poor children. (我决定把我的一辆旧自行车捐给一个汽车经销商，他正在为贫穷的孩子收集二手自行车。)”可知捐赠的自行车会送给贫穷的孩子，爸爸捐了两辆，所以会让穷孩子开心，故选C项。
38．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：每贡献一辆自行车，我们就有机会赢得一辆女子山地车。A. picking up 挑选，接；B. showing up 出现；C. depending on 依靠，取决于；D. giving away 分发，给出，赠送。根据下文“Why wasn’t I surprised when that second ticket proved to be the 39 (当第二张彩票中奖时，我怎么一点都不惊讶呢 )”可知爸爸捐赠两辆自行车获得了两次抽奖机会，并且第二次中奖了，可知每捐赠一辆自行车都会给出一次抽奖的机会，故选D项。
39．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：当第二张彩票中奖时，我怎么一点都不惊讶呢 A. present礼物；B. harvest收获；C. winner获胜者；D. chance机会。由下一句“ I like to think it was God’s way of 40 a little girl for a sacrifice beyond her years ---- while giving her dad a lesson in the process.(我想，这是上帝对一个做出了超越年龄牺牲的小女孩的奖赏，同时在这个过程中给她的父亲上了一课。)”可知爸爸第二张票中奖了，故选C项。
40．本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我想，这是上帝对一个做出了超越年龄牺牲的小女孩的奖赏，同时在这个过程中给她的父亲上了一课。A. getting获得；B. praising表扬；C. sheltering躲避；D. rewarding奖赏。埃米莉花了一年时间努力攒钱决定买辆山地自行车，但最后把钱捐出帮助穷人，而爸爸受到感动也捐出自行车给贫穷的孩子，最后又因此中奖获得了一辆适合埃米莉的山地自行车，此时爸爸的感悟是，这并不会让他感到很惊讶，因为在这过程中他觉得这是上帝对埃米莉的无私行为的奖赏，故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rome wasn't built in a day.
Nearly two decades have passed since China sent 41． first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. In that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit（轨道），42． （form） the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging 43． (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region.
Now with two more Beidou satellites 44． (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit, 45． means the core (核心)of Beidou’s third-generation network is now 46． place. At the end of 2018 BDS started to provide global services. It's expected to greatly improve the system's 47． (able) to serve users worldwide. ''This marks Beidou's stepping into a 'global era' from its 'regional era'," BDS Spokesperson Ran Chengqi said at a news conference.
Although a satellite-based navigation system needs only 24 satellites to run 48． (proper), having 53 allow for better coverage. He added that future plans call for a 49． (smart) and more accessible system with Beidou at its core, to come online by 2035.
By then, we can probably say that Rome 50． (be) built finally.
参考答案
41．the/its 42．forming 43．services 4 4．launched 45．which
46．in 47．ability 48．properly 49．smarter 50．has been
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与社会---我国北斗系列卫星将提供更优质的服务
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了我国北斗系列卫星将在2035年完成为中国和亚太地区提供更优质服务的任务。
41．考查冠词。根据first判断此处应填定冠词，也可以填形容词性物质代词its指代“中国的”，故填the/its。
42．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Beidou satellites和form之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填forming。
43．考查名词的数。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，由前文的positioning, navigation, timing and messaging判断用该名词复数形式，故填services。
44．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语Beidou satellites和launch之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填launched。
45．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词satellites在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词，故填which。
46．考查介词。此处考查短语in place“就位”，故填in。
47．考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应填名词作为improve的宾语，又此处特指“服务全球使用者”的能力，应用单数形式，故填ability。
48．考查副词。此处应填副词修饰动词run，故填properly。
49．考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词修饰名词system，由后文的more和and判断为比较级，故填smarter。
50．考查时态。句意：直到那时，我们可以说罗马已经最终建成了。此处是宾语从句谓语动词，结合语境判断为现在完成时，主语Rome是第三人称单数，故填has been。
【点睛】
第45题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：找出先行词：satellites
分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：先行词satellites在从句means the core of Beidou’s third-generation network中充当主语，应用关系代词考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句中不能使用that故填which
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（（共10 小题;每小题1分，满分10分>
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jack,
A winter camp will be held in our school with exhange students to experience the culture of traditional Chinese holidays.It is golden chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture, so I’m invited you to participate.
The camp will begin in our school on February 6, last five days. A series of lectures on tradtional culture will be giving by famous experts who they are from all walks of life. Student of various cultures can have a face-to-face talk with each other on the topic of Chinese culture. However, you’ll have the opportunity to taste various and deliciously traditional Chinese culture dishes .
Coming and expeirence the real Chinese culture yourself!
参考答案
1．with→for 2:golden前加a 3:invited→inviting 4:last→lasting 5:giving→given
6:删除who后的they 7:Student→Students 8:However→Besides 9:deliciously→delicious 10:Coming→Come
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境： 人与社会---为交换生开办冬令营让他们体验中国文化等、
【文章大意】文章讲述为交换生举办冬令营使他们体验中国文化、品尝中国美食，更好的了解中国。
【解析】1. with→for 考查介词。根据句意，此处应该是为交换生举办冬令营，而不是和他们一起，故用for （为）
2.golden前加a 考查不定冠词。结合句意可知在名词chance前加不定冠词a，表示“泛指”。故加a。
3.invited→inviting 考查非谓语动词。根据句意应该用现在分词， 现在进行时常表示一个即将发生的动作。
4last→lasting 考查非谓语动词。此处用lasting 引导现在分词短语作伴随状语。
5.giving→given考查动词的被动语态。根据句意“中国传统文化讲座是由专家作的。故用过去分词given。
66.删除who后的they 考查定语从句。先行词是人时，引导定语从句要用who 做主语。不需再加其它词。
7.Student→Students考查可数名词。student 为可数名词。
8.However→Besides 考查连接副词。根据句意此处是递进关系而不是转折关系。
9.deliciously→delicious 考查形容词。形容词可修饰名词而副词则不能。
ing→Come 考查祈使句。引导祈使句只能用动词原形。
第二节∶书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你校将举办"我的祖国和我"英语演讲比赛。请给你校外籍教师James写一封电子邮件，告知他演讲比赛的有关内容，并邀请他当评委。
要点包括∶1.比赛的时间和地点;2.举办此活动的目的和意义;3.诚挚邀请他担任评委。注意∶
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mr, Smith,
I'm writing to tell you that an English speech contest will be held in the lecture hall on September 30 and we would like to invite you to be one of the judges of the contest.
The speech contest with the theme "My Motherland and Me" is intended to arouse students' patriotic enthusiasm. Inspired by the activity, contestants will be motivated to express their love for the country as well as determination to study hard and make contributions to the motherland.
Hopefully, you will accept the invitation and make necessary comments for the contest.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
这是一篇应用文，请给你校外籍教师James写一封电子邮件,邀请他当演讲比赛评委。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：一般现在时 、一般将来时
结构：总分法
第一部分是文章的开头段，说明演讲比赛的时间，提出邀请。第二部分关于演讲的主题、意义等。第三部分是结尾段，希望对方尽快答复。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
speech contest；judges ；My Motherland and Me；arouse students' patriotic enthusiasm； contestants；motivated
contributions；comments
第三步：连词成句
(1) I'm writing to tell you that an English speech contest will be held in the lecture hall on September 30.(2) We would like to invite you to be one of the judges of the contest.
(3) The speech contest with the theme "My Motherland and Me" is intended to arouse students' patriotic enthusiasm. (4) Inspired by the activity, contestants will be motivated to express their love for the country as well as determination to study hard and make contributions to the motherland.
(5) Hopefully, you will accept the invitation and make necessary comments for the contest.
(6) Looking forward to your reply.
提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
I'm writing to tell you that an English speech contest will be held in the lecture hall on September 30.
（宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
The speech contest with the theme "My Motherland and Me" is intended to arouse students' patriotic enthusiasm.
（介词短语作后置定语）
[高分句型3]
Inspired by the activity, contestants will be motivated to express their love for the country as well as determination
（过去分词短语作状语）
to study hard and make contributions to the motherland.
试卷第1页，共3页
