中考英语答题秘籍+典题精例:完形填空

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名称 中考英语答题秘籍+典题精例:完形填空
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更新时间 2021-12-16 15:03:01

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
英语完形填空答题秘籍
题型概述
完形填空是初中必考题型之一,也是考生很难应付和失分较多的题型之一。其主要考查语言知识综合运用能力,所占分值比例在10~15分。21教育网
完形填空是在语篇中测试考生英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )基础知识、阅读能力、思维能力、分析能力和判断能力的综合性题目。完形填空一般是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地设置10或15个空格,造成信息链的中断,让考生在重新理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识,对每个空格的所给的选项作出尽可能合理的分析和判断,从中选出最佳答案,使短文的结构和意思完整。
题型特点
1. 语篇完整,主题突出。
2. 短文长度在 200或250词左右,一般设10或15个空格,每小题设3或4个选项首句和尾句不设空。
3. 语境为主,语法极少。绝大部分都是根据文章的整体内容,从层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
4. 逻辑性强,结构严谨。选材大多以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议,内容情节深刻,常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。
5. 干扰性强,重细微辨析。选项在意义上和用法上十分接近,干扰性很强,迷惑性很大,难以排除一项,选定一项。
6. 实词为主,虚词为辅。选项中名词、动词、形容词、副词占90% 以上。
答题步骤
1. 跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意。
先跳过空格,通读要完形的短文,获得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整体印象,做到弄清文脉,抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上再开始分析判定选择,切忌仓促下笔。
2. 结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案。
在理解全文意思的基础上,再结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合所给选项细读全文,联系上下文内容,注意从上下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项,初步选定答案。21·cn·jy·com
3. 瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破。
联系上下文,通篇考虑,先选择比较明显直接的、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最有把握的答案,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文理解的深入,自然降低了试题的难度,从而提高选择的正确率。21世纪教育网版权所有
4. 复读全文,逐空验证,弥补疏漏。
完成各个题的选择后,把所选的答案代入原文, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再把全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查。看 所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的,应再次推敲,反复斟酌,做出修正。
战例一
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
On August 1, 2021, at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Shi Tingmao from Southwest University of China won the championship (冠军) in the women’s single 3m springboard(3米跳板) final. This is her fourth Olympic gold medal. She has become one of the divers 41 the most Olympic gold medals in China.
“I think I’ve w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aited too long for this moment. It’s 42 not easy.” After the game, Shi, who had always been 43 , covered his face and wept.
Before going to the To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kyo Olympic Games, Shi said, “no matter how many 44 we face, I believe my teammates and I will stand out!”www.21-cn-jy.com
At the age of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nearly 30, Shi is the oldest champion of women’s 3m springboard in Olympic history. Because of COVID-19, the Tokyo Olympic Games had to be 45 for a year. Shi once wanted to give up because of her old age and the trouble of injuries. She even 46 to step into the gate of the diving hall. “In fact, age and injuries are never the biggest problems because 47 can stop me.” said Shi.
Guo Liya, a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rofessor at Southwest University, said that Shi 48 easy to win the gold medal, but she made great efforts behind the scenes 49 her low back injury was very serious.
Speaking of the fu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture, Shi said, “I hope to make more glorious(辉煌的) 50 on the way of life like diving.”
41. A. for B. over C. with
42. A. mainly B. really C. totally
43. A. calm B. quiet C. serious
44. A. difficulties B. challenges C. influences
45. A. put off B. cleaned up C. taken away
46. A. feared B. forgot C. refused
47. A. something B. anything C. nothing
48. A. felt B. seemed C. sounded
49. A. because B. if C. although
50. A. progresses B. results C. achievements
【文章大意】本文讲述了中国选手Shi Tingmao夺得2020年东京奥运会冠军及其经历。
41. C 【解析】考查介词。分析句子:她已成为中国______奥运会金牌最多的跳水运动员之一。with意为“具有”,符合句意。故选C。2·1·c·n·j·y
42. B 【解析】考查副词。main ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly主要地;really真正地;totally完全地。空前提到Shi等待赢得冠军这一刻太久,由此说明是真不容易的。故选B。2-1-c-n-j-y
43. A 【解析】考查形容词。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )calm镇静的;quiet安静的;serious严肃的。联系上文可知:比赛结束后,一向沉着冷静的Shi捂住脸哭了起来。故选A。【出处:21教育名师】
44. B 【解析】考查名词。d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficulties困难;challenges挑战;influences影响。在世界规模最大的综合性运动会上竞争,无疑面对的是一种巨大的挑战。故选B。
45. A 【解析】考查动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词短语。put off推迟;cleaned up清理;taken away带走。分析本句可知是因为新冠肺炎,东京奥运会不得不推迟一年。故选A。
46. A 【解析】考查动词。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )feared害怕;forgot忘记;refused拒绝。上一句提到Shi曾因为大龄和受伤的困扰而想放弃,由此可推断出她害怕走进跳水馆的大门。故选A。
47. C 【解析】考查不定代词。空前提到“年龄和受伤从来都不是最大的问题”,由此可推断出“没有什么”能阻止她。故选C。
48. B 【解析】考查连系动词。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )felt感到;seemed似乎;sounded听起来。空后提到“但她在幕后付出了巨大的努力”,由此说明外人认为“似乎”很容易赢得金牌。故选B。
49. A 【解析】考查连词。空后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“她的下背部受伤很严重”和空前的“她在幕后付出了巨大的努力”存在因果关系,应用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
50. C 【解析】名词。pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gresses进步;results结果;achievements成就。短文开头提到了Shi取得的成就,由此可知她希望在未来的生活中像跳水一样取得更辉煌的成就。故选C。
战例二
The earth is one o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f millions of planets in space, but it’s the 1 home of mankind. Human beings have been living on the earth for millions of years.21cnjy.com
The earth has bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n changing 2 human beings want to create a good living environment. Some human 3 have made the earth a more suitable place for human beings to live in. However, for the earth, human activities do more 4 than good. A large number of forests have been 5 , causing soil and water loss, which has changed the living environment of human beings, animals and plants.
All kinds of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pollution, such as air pollution and water pollution, are becoming more and more serious. It goes without saying that air pollution is 6 to mankind. It is the most important environmental 7 in the world. According to the survey, many people die of strange 8 because of air pollution, which takes 9 2 million lives every year. It can be said that it is an invisible(无形的) killer of human beings. Water pollution not only 10 endanger(危害) people’s health, but also leads to the death of many animals and plants, and some of them are 11 . In a word, pollution makes the environment worse and worse.
Besides, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earth’s temperature is rising due to environmental pollution. The sea level is rising so that the land will 12 and many rivers and lakes will dry up. People can only see very few animals and plants. It’s important that human beings 13 need a place to live. Maybe human beings can no longer live on the earth.www-2-1-cnjy-com
World Enviroment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-Protection Organization has 14 us that if we don’t protect the earth, we will lose the place we live in and have to live on other planets. However, I think saving the earth is a very 15 idea. In fact, what mankind should save is mankind itself.
( )1. A. good B. first C. only D. real
( )2. A. because B. if C. although D. whatever
( )3. A. idea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. behavior C. influence D. achievement
( )4. A. problem B. harm C. danger D. trouble
( )5. A. cut up B. cut off C. cut down D. cut out
( )6. A. dange ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rous B. harmful C. painful D. terrible
( )7. A. problem B. fact C. performance D. condition
( )8. A. acci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dent B. illnesses C. injure D. difficulty
( )9. A. about B. less than C. nearly D. more than
( )10. A. easily B. directly C. quickly D. suddenly
( )11. A. dying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of B. dying for C. dying out D. dying from
( )12. A. reduce B. lose C. leave D. disappear
( )13. A. mainly B. really C. specially D. widely
( )14. A. imagined B. expected C. reminded D. warned
( )15. A. important B. serious C. silly D. difficult
【文章大意】本文通过介绍人类人为地造成的地球环境问题,说明了人类应该拯救的是人类自身。
【答 案】1~5 CADBC 6~10 DABDB 11~15 CABDC
【解 析】
1. C 考查名词。地球只有一个,且人类在地球上生活了数百万年,所以说地球是人类唯一的家园,only意为“唯一的”。故选C。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
2. A 考查连词。分析本句: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地球一直在变化,_____人类想要创造一个良好的生活环境。由此可知主从句之间存在因果关系,应选引导原因状语从句的连词because。故选A。
3. D 考查名词。要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想创造一个良好的生活环境,并且使地球成为更适合人类居住的地方,这需要人类用取得的成就来实现,achievement意为“成就”。故选D。
4. B 考查名词。空后的一句说的是造 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成了水土流失,改变了人类和动植物的生存环境。由此说明人类活动是不利的方面多于好的方面,即弊大于利。harm意为“危害”,与good对比,说明了人类活动的弊端。故选B。21*cnjy*com
5. C 考查动词短语。cut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up意为“切粹”,cut off意为“切掉”,cut down意为“砍倒”,cut out意为“切断”。联系空后的causing soil and water loss(造成水土流失)可知是大量森林被砍伐。故选C。21*cnjy*com
6. D 考查形容词。空后提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空气污染造成许多人死于奇怪的疾病,每年夺走200多万人的生命,它是一个无形的人类杀手,由此可推断出空气污染对人类是恐怖可怕的。terrible意为“恐怖的;可怕的”。故选D。
7. A 考查名词。上文提到空气污染对人类是恐怖可怕的,由此说明空气污染是世界上最重要的环境问题,problem意为“问题”。故选A。21·世纪*教育网
8. B 考查名词。除 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了意外死亡,人都是因为疾病死亡,由此可知许多人是死于因空气污染带来的不平常的奇怪的疾病,illnesses意为“疾病”。故选B。【版权所有:21教育】
9. D 短语介词。空前提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空气污染对人造成的危害,空后补充说空气污染是无形的人类杀手,所以应选more than来说明空气污染造成死亡人数的恐怖程度。故选C。
10. B 考查副词。水是生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )命之源,人一旦饮用污染了的水,就会受到伤害,所以说水污染直接危害人们的健康,directly意为“直接地”。故选B。
11. C 考查动词短语。dyi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng of意为“死于”,dying for意为“因……死”,dying out意为“死绝”,dying from意为“死于”。空前提到水污染导致许多动植物死亡,这种状况会导致一些动植物正在灭绝。故选C。
12. A 考查动词。空前提到海平面正 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在上升,由此可知海水将会淹没地球的部分地方,所以说陆地将会减少,reduce意为“减少”。故选A。
13. B 考查副词。短文开头 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )提到地球是人类唯一的家园,空后提到人类也许不能再生活在地球上了,由此说明人类确实需要一个居住的地方,应用really强调需要的程度。故选B。
14. D 考查动词。短文通篇讲述的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是环境污染对人类和动植物带来的严重危害,由此可推断出是世界环境保护组织警示我们保护地球,warned意为“警示”。故选D。
15. C 考查形容词。作者陈述了环境 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )破坏及其污染的严重危害,而事实是人类造成了环境污染,即自食其果,所以作者认为拯救地球是一个非常荒唐可笑的想法,silly意为“荒唐的;可笑的”。故选C。21教育名师原创作品
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