人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册：Unit 3 Food and Culture知识点学案

选择性必修二Unit 3
　prior adj.先前的=previous；优先的
(教材P26)　Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经历是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。
[例1]　I have a prior engagement at five.
我已经先有一个在五点钟的约会。
[例2]　She visited me on the day prior to her death.
她去世的前一天还来看我。
[翻译]　你来这里之前做什么事？
What did you do prior to coming here
[知识拓展]
prior to　　　 在……之前的
priority n. 优先事项；优先权
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The duty to protect my sister is prior to all others.
保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。
　consist vi.组成；构成
(教材P26)　For example，America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken，which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
[例1]　The spirit consists in whole hearted devotion to public interests.
这种精神就是一心为公。
[例2]　英国是由几个国家组成的？
How many countries does the UK consist of
[知识拓展]
consist of　　　　 由……组成
consist in ＝lie in 存在于……，在于……
consist with 与……一致；符合
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Happiness consists in contentment.
②The rescue team is composed/ comprised of eight soldiers and two doctors.＝ The rescue team consists of eight soldiers and two doctors.＝The rescue team is made up of eight soldiers and two doctors.
救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
[名师点津]
consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。
　(教材P26)　Later，I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来我才知道，山东最有名的菜是煎饼卷大葱。
(1)stuff vt.填满；把……塞进 n．东西；物品
[例1]　I stuffed everything into a suitcase.
我把东西全塞到一个手提箱里去了。
[例2]　That's my stuff in the drawer.
抽屉里是我的东西。
[翻译]　她装了满满一箱给孩子们的礼物。
She stuffed her suitcase with presents for the kids.
[知识拓展]
stuff...into...　 把……塞进……
stuff...with... 用……填满……
(2)slice n．(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
[例1]　I usually buy sliced bread—it's less bother.
我通常都买切片面包——比较省事。
[例2]　A cucumber was sliced into rounds.
黄瓜被切成了圆片。
[翻译]　盘子里有一片面包。
There is a slice of bread in the dish.
[知识拓展]
(1)a slice of　 一片；一份；一部分
slice...off 切下=cut off
slice up 切成片
(2)cut...into slices 把……切成片
(3)sliced adj. 切成片的
[即学即练]　
They spend a fair slice of the budget on research and development.
　(教材P27)　At a minimum，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like.
至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们，他们在他们的地区种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。
(1)minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 n．最小量；最少量
[例1]　Today's minimum temperature is 10℃.
今天的最低气温是10 ℃。
[例2]　We zipped along at a minimum of 55 mph.
我们以最低每小时55英里速度行驶。
[知识拓展]
a minimum of　　　　 最少……
above the minimum 超过最低限度
at a/the minimum 最起码，至少
below the minimum 低于最低限度
down to a minimum 降到最低点
maximum 最大量的；最大值
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
The candidates must have a first degree at a minimum.
(2)consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
[例1]　Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee's valuable time.
争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。
[例2]　The fire soon consumed the wooden buildings.
大火很快就把那些木制建筑物烧毁了。
[知识拓展]
be consumed with　　 因……而变得憔悴；给……弄得心劳神疲
consumer 消费者
consumption n. 消费（量），消耗（量）
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
They are consumed with jealousy at her success.
知识要点5association n. 协会；关联；联系；联想
We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。
There is a proven association between passive smoking and cancer. 被动吸烟和癌症之间被证实有关系。
Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me. 苏格兰给我各种各样的联想。
[知识拓展]
associate vt. 联想，联系 associate… with…
adj. 副的 associate editor/ professor 副主编/副教授
associated adj. 有关的，相关的
[即学即练]
Some people say that classical music is associated(associate) with old people.
知识要点6　regardless of不管；不顾
(教材P32)　This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
这是真的，不管他们的饮食其余部分有多健康。
[例1]　I shall go regardless of the weather.
无论天气怎么样我都要去。
[例2]　他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。
Regardless of danger，he climbed the high tower.
[知识拓展]
(1)regardless of the fact that...　 不顾……的事实
(2)regardless adv. =in spite of＝despite尽管；不顾
[即学即练]　一句多译
We arrived at the station on time regardless of the storm．＝We arrived at the station on time despite/in spite of the storm．
尽管下着暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
[名师点津]
regardless of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可以接the fact that...；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。
知识要点7　quantity n．数量；数额
(教材P32)　Processed foods often contain less nutrition，and have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients.
加工食品通常含有较少的营养，并且比新鲜原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。
[例1]　Quantities of food were spread out on the table.
许多食品被摊放在桌子上。
[例2]　The quantity and quality of the fruit can be controlled.
水果的数量与质量可以被控制。
[知识拓展]
(1)a large/small quantity of＝large/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a (large/small) quantity of 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式
(large/small) quantities of 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式
(2)in quantity　　　 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Large quantities of air conditioners have been sold (sell) since the summer is coming.
②Every day in hot summer，a large quantity of beer is consumed (consume)．
知识要点8　trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.哄骗；欺骗
(教材P32)　There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有什么诀窍。
[例1]　An old dog cannot learn new tricks.
老狗学不会新把戏。
[例2]　I thought I saw a ghost，but perhaps it was only a trick of the light.
我以为我看见鬼了，但这大概不过是灯光在捉弄人。
[知识拓展]
(1)play tricks/a trick on sb. 搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
play a joke on sb. 取笑某人
(2)trick sb.cheat sb. (out)of sth.
(3)tricky adj. 狡猾的；棘手的 a tricky problem 棘手的问题
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We were tricked into buying a poor car，which made me very upset.
Sentence Patterns
　do强调谓语动词
(教材P26)　On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans.
另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。
句式分析：句中的“do tell”属于“do(does/did)＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，加强语气。
[例1]　I do hope you can give up smoking，because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望你能把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
[例2]　We did need help those days.在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。
[知识拓展]
“do(does/did)＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，表示“的确，真的，务必”，有时态和数的变化。这种强调一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
　不定式作后置定语
(教材P26)　When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候，我们去北京找一个吃饭的好地方。
句式分析：句中不定式to eat作后置定语，修饰名词place。
[例1]　I had gone to Maine looking for a place to work. 我去了缅因州，寻找一个工作的地方。
[例2]　Are you going to the conference to be held next week？你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？
[翻译]　我今天有许多工作要完成。
I have a lot of work to finish today.
[知识拓展]
(1)在the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等词和形容词最高级后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The best way to travel (travel) is to take a high speed train.
②He is the only man to know (know) the truth.
③The chance to go (go) for a picnic has been ruined.
④He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
3　while引导时间状语从句
(教材P32)　Put more simply，while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous，we already know that sugar is a killer.
简而言之，当人们还在争论高脂肪食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖是杀手。
句式分析：句中while引导时间状语从句。
[例1]　While he was in prison，he wrote his first novel.
他在狱中写出了第一部小说。
[例2]　Nothing much changed while he was away.
他不在的时候，没有什么太大变化。
[翻译]　她听着收音机睡着了。
While she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”，此时主要用于短语中；after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①While there is life，there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
②The boy is good at maths while his sister is good at Chinese．
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文。
③While I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.
尽管我明白你的话，但我还是不同意。
④They chatted for a while and then went to work.
他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。
分析长难句
1．And，since the dish was also invented recently，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[分析]句中since the dish was also invented recently为since引导的原因状语从句，that Americans are not afraid to try new foods为that引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 而且，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，它告诉我们美国人并不怕尝试新食物。
2．It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China，where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help.
[分析]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词North China，其中动名词短语making dumplings作主语，现在分词短语joining in to help作介词with的宾语补足语。
[译文] 它已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在那里包饺子一直是家庭里每个人的事务，从最年轻的到最年长的，都参与进来帮忙。
教材对接高考
教材 高考
1.For example，America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken，which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers. (2019·浙江卷)Rock music consists of many different styles.
2.This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe，however，so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. (2019·北京卷)With her dad's permission，she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth friendly.
3.Later，I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
4.In each place we went，we experienced wonderful local dishes，from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. (2019·天津卷)I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
5.At a minimum，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like. (2019·江苏卷)In modern man，the brain accounts for about 2% 3%of total body weight，but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.