人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册：Unit 1 People of achievement语法 学案

Unit 1 People of Achievement–语法案
非限制性定语从句
年 级： 班 级： 姓 名： 使用时间：
Learning aims:
Help students master the usage of the the non-restrictive relative clause.
Important and difficult points:
Master the usage of the non-restrictive relative clause and make correct sentences by themselves.
I. Preview Case（预习案）
请划出下列句中的从句，关系词和先行词。
(1)He who laughs last laughs best.
(2)All is not gold that glitters.
(3)The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
(4)She is an artist, which I am not.
以上句中划出的从句都是________________从句，其中(1)(2)是____________________从句，(3)(4)是__________________从句。
II. Exploring Case（探究案）
一、限制性从句
(1) The man that visited our school is from Australia.
(2) This is the pen which he bought yesterday.
(3) God helps those who help themselves.
(4) The doctor whom you are waiting for has left.
(5) They lived in a room whose window faces south.
(6) I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.
(7) This is the city where I was born.
(8) I don’t know the reason why he didn’t tell it to his father.
以上句中的从句都是________________从句，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思不明确。该从句用来修饰或限定主句中的____________或_____________，限定或说明被修饰词的范围或性质等。
非限制性从句
(1) Laura couldn’t come to our party, which was a pity.
(2) Last week we travelled to Beijing, where there are many places of interest.
(3) Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, when Hitler was in power there.
(4) Look at the building, whose roof is white.
(5) Our guide, who was French, was an excellent cook.
以上句中的从句都是________________从句，该从句与先行词之间关系不密切，是对先行词的补充或说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往有逗号隔开。
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可去掉，否则主句意义不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
功能 先行词不可缺少的定语 对先行词起补充说明作用
关系词 a.作宾语时可省略,介词之后的关系词不能省 b.可用that a.作宾语时不可省略 b.不可用that
四、引导定语从句的关系词
1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词
关系代词 先行词 在限制性定语从句中所做的成分
that 人、物 主语、宾语
which
who
whom
whose
as
关系副词 先行词 在限制性定语从句中所做的成分
where
when
why
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系代词 先行词 在非限制性定语从句中所做的成分
which 指物
who
whom
whose
as
关系副词 先行词 在非限制性定语从句中所做的成分
where
when
Tip: 关系词_____________和_______________不用于非限制性定语从句。
[练一练]用适当的关系词填空
(1)Dr. Rowan, _________________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
(2)Please give the book to Jessica, _______________ we met in the hall just now.
(3)The famous basketball star, ________________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
(4)By 16: 30, __________________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
(5)They reached there yesterday, ________________an important meeting will be held.
五、特殊结构：介词+which(指物) 介词+whom(指人)
(1)Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300,000 kilometer per second.
光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒30万千米。
(2)We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.
我们缺少两个人, 没有他们, 我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。
[练一练]用适当的关系词填空
(1)She has several balls, the largest of __________ is the blue one.
(2)The old lady has two daughters, one of __________ is working abroad.
六、as引导的非限制性定语从句
1. as引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
(2)As we all know, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
(3)He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。
总结：as引出非限定性定语从句时，有“正如……， 就像……”之意，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。as引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。
【as引导限制性定语从句时通常构成the same... as...及such...as....】
as引导的非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know(众所周知) as you see(如你所见)
as it is known(众所周知) as we expect(正如我们预料的那样)
as is known to all(众所周知) as was expected(正如预料的那样)
as mentioned above(如上所述) as is often the case(情况常常是这样)
2.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容, 又可指代主句的一部分
as which
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句只能位于主句之后
意义 正如 这, 那
[练一练]用which和as填空。
(1)(2018江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, __________ is how we arrived.
(2)(2020天津高考)__________ is known to us, nothing can be achieved without dedication and frustration.
Ⅲ Quiz Case（检测案）
用适当的关系词填空。
This is the room _________ my grandma used to live.
This is the room _________ my grandma used to live in.
3. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another,_______is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.
4. Mr.Smith, ______________ you spoke to, is our new professor.
5. The boy __________I thought to be honest lied to me.
6. Please come back at four o’clock, ______________ you herbal medicine will be ready.
7. Mr Green said that Suzhou was the first city__________ he had visited in China.
8. He did an excellent job in the final exam, _____________made his parents very happy.
9. Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ______________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display
10. We have launched another man-made satellite, _____________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
11. The newly-built cafe, ___________walls are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
12. There is no simple answer, _________ is often the case in science.
13. Mr Zhang, _____________daughter went to Tsinghua University last year, retired yesterday.
14. I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ___________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
15. Just _____________ a famous saying goes, every coin has two sides.
16. Many young people, most of _____________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
17. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ___________ were published in the 1990s.
18. Her father works in a factory, _____________ he makes cars.
19. Albert Einstein, ___________is regarded as the greatest scientist in modern physics,was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
句型转化
(1)It is known to us that Taiwan is a part of China.
→ _____________________________, Taiwan is a part of China.
(2)As far as I’m concerned, collecting stamps is a meaningful hobby, helping me to learn a lot.
→As far as I’m concerned, collecting stamps is a meaningful hobby, ________________________________.
(3)Her sister teaches us English, and she will go abroad next year.
→Her sister, ____________________, will go abroad next year.
(4)He failed in the exam. It made his parents very angry.
→He failed in the exam, ___________________________________________.
(5)I have lost the pen. My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday.
→I have lost the pen ____________________________________________________.
(6)She is a teacher of much knowledge. Much can be learned from her.
→She is a teacher of much knowledge, _________________________________________.
C.完成句子
1. The person ________ __________ _____________ __________ ___________ my physics teacher.
我最尊敬的人是我的物理老师。
2. It was a meaningful day, ___________ ____________ ____________ __________ ___________.
这是有意义的一天, 我们学到很多东西。
3.__________ __________ ___________ _________, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.
我们都知道,全球水资源短缺越来越严重主要是因为全球变暖,环境污染和人口持续增长。
4. Many lessons are now available online, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．许多课程现在都可以在网上获得，学生可以从中免费选择。
5. Until now, the research about the capacity of AI has been still at the initial stage, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ .
到目前为止，人工智能能力的研究还处于起步阶段，许多问题有待进一步研究。
***D.根据以下信息，用定语从句写一段名人介绍。
Book1Unit1-Grammar 审核人：高二英语备课组
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