人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册：Unit3 Fascinating parks语法学案-

Unit 3 Fascinating Parks–语法案
动词-ing作主语、宾语和表语
年 级： 班 级： 姓 名：
Learning aims:
Help students master the usage of the the non-restrictive relative clause.
Important and difficult points
Master the usage of the non-restrictive relative clause and make correct sentences by themselves.
Preview Case（预习案）
1．Even though the sun is brightly shining，telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
2．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
3．For hundreds of years，looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
4．Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
5．Getting here is quite difficult，so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.
6． However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.
7．Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
8．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
9．Perhaps the best example is smiling.
10. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.
【我的发现】
以上动名词或动名词短语，在句中作主语的有：______________________宾语的有：______________；作表语的有：_____________。
Exploring Case（探究案）
一、动词 ing形式作主语
1. 动词 ing作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于____________。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.浪费一个人的时间等同于谋财害命。
【注意】不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To look after children is her job today. 她今天的工作是看孩子。
Looking after children is her work. 她的工作是照顾孩子。
动词-ing作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Helping others means helping ourselves. 帮助别人意味着帮助我们自己。
为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末，其逻辑主语泛指人们。形式主语it代替动词 ing。此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间
It's useful/useless/worthwhile/doing sth 做某事有用/没用/是值得的
It's no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
动词 ing的复合结构作主语，通常有两种形式∶
①形容词性物主代词 ＋ 动词-ing
②名词所有格 ＋动词-ing
Tom's coming made me happy. 汤姆的到来使我很高兴。
His coming to the party made me very excited. 他来参加派对使我很兴奋。
动词 ing的时态和语态
　　语态 时态　　 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动名词仍保留着动词的许多特征，可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语。动名词连同其后的宾语或状语，一起构成了动名词短语。同时动名词短语又具有名词的特性，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
（1）一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 对于老人来说，爬山确实困难。
（2）完成式。动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again.
曾经去那座美丽的城市旅游使他想再次去那儿旅行。
（3）否定式。其否定式是在其前加not。
I'm sorry for not finishing my task on time. 抱歉，我没按时完成我的任务。
被动式。动名词的被动式表示该动词与句子的主语构成被动关系。
Being asked to do so much homework made him unhappy.
被要求做这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。
【即时演练】
①____________________ (travel) a lot is a good way to help people become knowledgeable.
②____________________ (give) a hand to those in need earned him a good reputation.
③____________________ (expose) to the sun for a long time did great injury to him.
二、动词 ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
常接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
考虑建议盼原谅，__________________________________________
承认推迟没得想，__________________________________________
避免错过继续练，__________________________________________
否认完成停能赏，__________________________________________
不禁介意准逃亡，__________________________________________
不准冒险凭想象。__________________________________________
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词 ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
【用所给动词的适当形式填空】
①She feels like _______________ (go) abroad for further education next year.
②I often practise ___________ (listen) and ___________ (speak) in public.
③The boy was lucky to escape _____________ (punish) for breaking the window.
④We don't allow _________________ (dive) in the pool with no teachers around.
3．在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动词 ing也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，就好像什么也没发生过。
4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词 ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词 ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨都待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)
【对比填空】
He likes ______________but he doesn't like_________________ this afternoon.(swim)
5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词 ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做(另一件事)
doing 停止做某事
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记得代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
【补全句子】
①Stop______________________ with others.
不要拿自己和别人比较。
②Missing the train means _________________________．
错过了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
③Don't ______________________________ in case it rains.
别忘了带伞，以防下雨。
6．下列动词可接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing ＝ need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理一下。
【一句多译】
①这个问题值得讨论。
→_______________________________________________.
→_______________________________________________.
②这个窗户需要清扫了。
→_______________________________________________.
→_______________________________________________.
动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。要特别注意: be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的to都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。
e.g. My father is used to ___________(go)to bed late and _________(get) up very early.
I’m looking forward to ____________(receive) your reply.
★ 高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing形式或名词。
look forward to（渴望，盼望） admit to（承认）
contribute to（捐助；贡献） get down to（着手做）
give way to（让位于） keep to （坚持；遵守）
lead to （导致） take to（从事）
turn to （求助于） stick to（忠于、坚持）
point to（指向；表明） see to （注意、处理）
devote oneself to （献身于） be equal to （胜任的；等于）
be familiar to （为……熟悉） adjust oneself to...（调整以适应……)
be/get used to（习惯于） object to（反对；抗议）
pay attention to（注意）
二、动词 ing形式作表语
作表语的动词 ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，多由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ...这类现在分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very boring.
这个争论是很令人厌烦的。
The story he told us was very interesting.
他给我们讲的那个故事很有趣。
【注意】不定式和动词 ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词 ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。主语常常是人。
2．动名词(短语)作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
【试判断下列句中动词 ing形式的类型】
A．动名词　　　　　B．现在分词
①My hobby is collecting stamps. __________
②What you said is really inspiring. __________
③What I am tired of is waiting here alone. __________
Ⅲ. Quiz Case（检测案）
一、单句语法填空
1. _________________（obtain）the first prize is their goal.
2. In Hangzhou,borrowing books from the library _________(be) now as simple and convenient as shopping online.
3. Building up a dream team_________(be)more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
4. Not _________________(finish) the homework on schedule made my teacher unhappy.
5. A 90－year－old woman has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain’s oldest full－time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
6. You don’t have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.
7. _________________ (listen) to music can make us happy.
8. They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
9. _________________(invite) to the concert is a great honor for us.
10.It’s useless ______________________ (buffet) my car window.
11. The reindeer’s _________________(come) gave us a big surprise.
12. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by ________ (sell) the fish.
13. Your __________________ (join) frightened the leopard away.
14. The manager told me that my task was ________ (clean) the floors of the building.
15.___________(she)not coming back made her parents angry and sad.
16. The_________________ (president)attending the meeting gave them a big surprise.
17. It’s no pleasure __________________(see) a movie alone.
18.Scientists have responded by________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
19.It’s no use ________________ (cry) over the spilt milk.
20.It’s a waste of time __________________(ban) an eight-month baby from moving.
21._____________（equip）with global vision（视野）and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's younger generation.
22.The gentle girl is busy __________________(set) down her notes in class.
23.Young people may risk______________(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
24. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
25. The most popular pastime for a number of old people is ___________ (play) chess.
翻译
我经常想象他向我走来，脸上带着灿烂的笑容。
______________________________________________________________________.
她睡着了，梦见偶遇到了Tom.
______________________________________________________________________.
正在那时，整个房子都变得非常吵闹，每个人都在扯着嗓子大声喊叫。
______________________________________________________________________.
泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来，她感到非常后悔。
______________________________________________________________________.
她告诉了大家这条令人兴奋的消息，热泪盈眶。
______________________________________________________________________.
眼见为实。
______________________________________________________________________.
守时是一个人应该具备的重要素质。
______________________________________________________________________.
做早操不仅对你的健康有好处，而且可以提高你的学习成绩。
______________________________________________________________________.
在我们的日常饮食中摄入过多的脂肪和糖分没有好处。（it作形式主语）
______________________________________________________________________.
毫无疑问，获得急救知识将对我们的生活有影响。
______________________________________________________________________.
完成课本练习
Rewrite each of the following sentences using -ing form as the subject. How does the sentence focus change (P29)
It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.
______________________________________________________________________
It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold.
______________________________________________________________________
Honestly,it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.
______________________________________________________________________
It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult.
______________________________________________________________________
It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.
______________________________________________________________________
Finish the Activity 3 in P29.
Translate the Chinese in brackets into English to complete the passage. Use the -ing form where possible. (P76)
Travelling to cold, dark, and remote Arctic Norway in mid-winter(在隆冬季节去寒冷、黑暗而偏远的北极圈内的挪威旅游) can be_______________________(激动人心的) especially for those _________________________ (寻求完全不一样的体验). _______________________(意识到) the lack of daylight and difficulties in transport is extremely important.Last January, we found a few mountain passes were closed,so_____________________________(走动) was not easy,but (欣赏) __________________________________the northern lights was an incredible experience.___________________________(在线订交通和宾馆) did help a lot.___________________________(想出如何拍照) in low light actually took us quite some time during our ___________________________ (筹划) stage.Finally, ____________________________________(雇一位当地的导游) was necessary and helpful for this trip.