2022届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解推理判断易错题学案
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解推理判断易错题学案 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-16 22:08:13 | ||
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2022高考英语阅读理解推理判断易错题及应对策略（通用版）
第一部分 易错题解题范例
答题第一步：浏览题干及选项，标注定位词。（见题干及选项标线处）
答题第二步：带着问题通读全文，标注4类词：时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹
表示），极端词和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底纹表示）。
Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so lazy that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers in Britain's largest health center. The results were very surprising.
About one in six people who were asked said if their control was broken,they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those asked said they would not run to catch a bus.Worryingly,of 654 respondents(离婚被告）with children,64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
We know that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are very fat before they start school.
Dr Sarah,Dauncey,medical director of the center,said,“People need to get fitter, not just for their own health, but for their families, friends and pets,too.”
“If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most basic tasks.”
And Scotland's largest city,Glasgow,was shamed as the laziest city in the UK,with 75% asked thinking they do not get enough exercise,followed by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
So there are some problems for the National Health Service,where fatness-related(相关的）illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
全文翻译
你是否习惯于吃冰箱里现成的食物而不是亲自做一顿饭？你是否习惯于网上购物而不是去实体店购物？
一项针对英国人到底有多懒的研究发现，超过半数的成年人非常懒，就是去二楼也要乘电梯，而不是爬楼梯。
英国最大的健康中心的独立研究人员对2000多名英国人做了询问调查。调查结果令人惊讶。
大约1/6的被询问者说，如果他们的遥控器坏掉，他们会继续收看这个频道，而不是起身去换台。
超过1/3的被询问者说，他们不会跑着去赶公交车。令人担忧的是，在654名带着孩子的离婚被告中，64%的人说他们常常太累了无法陪孩子们玩耍。
我们知道，在英国有1/6的孩子入学前就已经非常胖了，这点也就不足为奇了。
该中心的医学主管，萨拉·当西博士说到：“人们需要变得更加健康，不仅仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的家人、朋友以及他们的宠物。”
“如果我们不开始控制这样的问题，那么整个一代人将会变得非常不健康，以至于甚至连最基本的事情也无法做好。”
苏格兰最大城市格拉斯哥，很惭愧地被评为英国最懒城市，有75%的被询问者表示他们没有做足量的运动。排在第二位的是伯明翰和南安普顿，两者都有67%(的人认为没有保持足够的运动量）。
因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。
答题第三步：根据题干或选项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。
答题第四步：核对答案，反思错题。
46.What does the underlined word “quizzed”mean
A.questioned B.answered C.listened D.heard
正确解答：A 词义猜测题。由第四段“About one in six people who were asked...”中asked可知，该健康中心“询问”了2000多人，故选A.此外，A项和B项词义相反，答案很可能出现在A项和B项中，此为“反义多正解”原则。
47.Of 654 respondents with children,64% said .定位到第五段最后一句
A. they were often too busy to play with their children
B.they were often so tired that they couldn't play with their children
C.they were often so sad that they didn't want to play with their children
D.they were often ill and they couldn't play with their children
错因分析：易错选A.易主观臆断，无法陪孩子玩耍就是由于工作太忙。
正确解答：B 细节理解题。由第五段第二句中的tired可知，大人是因为太累而无法陪孩子玩耍，故选B.
48.Which of the following is true according to the passage
A.All the adults in the UK are very lazy.→定位到第二段
B.Half of the children are very fat before they go to school.定位到第六段
C.Pets will be in trouble if their owners don't keep healthy.定位到第七段
D.All people in Glasgow feel ashamed because they don't get enough exercise.定位到第九段
错因分析：易错选D.忽略了句中过于绝对化的表述词all.
正确解答：C 细节理解题。由第七段后半句可知，如果宠物的主人不能保持健康，宠物也会有麻烦，故选C.由第六段可知是1/6的孩子在上学前很胖，而不是一半孩子，排除B;A、D两项说法太绝对。
49. From the last paragraph,we can learn if they keep lazy.定位到最后一段
A.people may have heart disease
B.people can work at home all the time
C.people like shopping online
D.people don't like climbing the stairs
错因分析：易错选D.忽视题干中的 From the last paragraph.
正确解答：A 推理判断题。由最后一段“。。。where fatness-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40years...”可知，懒惰所造成的肥胖会引发心脏病和癌症等疾病，故选A.
50.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The health service in the UK.
B. A study of British people's lifestyles.
C. A study of British people's laziness.
D.The fatness problem in the UK.
错因分析：易错选D.文中提到了肥胖问题，D项的 fatness problem会对答案选择造成干扰，但肥胖是懒惰的一种结果，不是文章讨论的主题。
正确解答：C 主旨大意题。由第二段第一句中的“A study into how lazy British people are...”及全文可知选C.
答题第五步：整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上。
长难句分析：So there are some problems for the National Health Service,where 先行词 where 引导定语从句
fatness-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40
从句主语 从句谓语
years and are costing of pounds every year.
从句谓语
因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。
句法分析：这是一个where引导的定语从句，先行词是problems,where 修饰problems,表示“在这些问题中”。
第二部分 阅读理解推理判断易错题解题应对策略
推理判断题题干中常有infer,possible,imply,probable等标志词。
1.利用“推理要适度”原则缩小答案范围
之所以叫作推理判断题是因为此类题往往是在原文细节的基础上向外推一步而得出的结果，但这“一步”要适度。如果往外推得太远就不是文中所要表达的观点了，因此推断时一定做到适度。
示例：The researchers found that levels of oxytocin(催产素） were higher in both humans and dogs after they interacted...Nagasawa did the same experiment with humans and wolves, but it did not give the same results.
55.What can we infer(推断）from the last sentence of the text
A.More experiments are expected to help wolves produce oxytocin.
B. The cuddle chemical in human blood protects us against wolves.
C.It makes sense the humans and wolves are naturally best friends.
D. It's generally impossible to have the bond between humans and wolves.
分析：由上文可知，人和狼之间的交流不会使其体内的催产素增多。由此可推知，通常情况下，人和狼之间不可能产生亲密的关系，故选D.而其余选项由于推得太远导致偏离文意，甚至出现错误。
2.利用“立足原文”原则缩小答案范围
做推理判断题首要原则就是要立足于原文的细节，如果推断出的结果在原文中找不到任何依据，那么无论说法多么正确也不能选。
3.推理判断题选项特点
正确选项 错误选项
根据原文内容一步即可推出。 正确选项中一般不会有绝对的概念。 正确选项中往往会有 sometimes,may,might, can,could,possibly,probably等词。 干扰项与常识吻合，但不是由文章推出。 推理过头，引申过度。 偏离主题，主观臆断。凭空推测，不立足原文。 直接照抄原文信息的选项。
·第三部分 题型专练
（一）
In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids(兰花) and other flowers. As the king grew older, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country.
The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a single orchid seed(种子). He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne.
Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. ＂Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I hope you can see that I tried my best,＂ he said. The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正) in the country.
1. According to the king’s order, who could be the next king
A. The man who was the smartest.
B. The man who was the most honest,
C. The man who could plant the best seed.
D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.
2. What do we know about David
A. He told a joke to the king. B. He failed to grow the king’s orchid.
C. He was good at growing orchids. D. He was chosen to be the next king.
3. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ refers to in Paragraph 4
A. The pot. B. His flower. C. The seed. D. The sunlight.
4. What can we learn from the story
A. David was the only winner in the end.
B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.
C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace.
D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge.
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Honesty Is the Best Policy B. How to Grow Orchids
C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids
【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王。并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿。国王被大卫的诚实所感动。虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. 然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王。故选D。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但尽管他努力，他的花还是长不出来。可知，他没有种出国王的兰花。故选B。
3. C【解析】推理判断题。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔细观察。根据上文的句子David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大卫把种子种在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：国王给的兰花种子。故选C。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正。可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要。故选D。
5. A【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何种植兰花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的礼物。D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids兰花很容易种植。根据短文的内容The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大卫是一个非常诚实的人，国王才选择他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的标题应该选择Honesty is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。故选A。
（二）
One day, a man saw an old lady sitting inside her car at the side of the road. Though it was dark, he could see she needed help. So he stopped his car and walked towards her. The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her ＂I’ll help you start your car, madam. By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson, ＂ he said.
While Anderson was fitting a spare tired(备胎) to her car, the lady began to talk to him. She thanked him much for coming to help.
Anderson just smiled as he put his tools away. The lady asked how much she should pay him. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give them the help they needed. He waited until she started her car and drove off.
A few miles down the road, the lady saw a small restaurant. She went in and a waitress came over with a sweet smile. The old lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant(怀孕的), but she never let the pains and aches change her smile when she served her.
The lady finished her meal and paid with a hundred-dollar bill. The waitress quickly went to get change, but the old lady was gone when the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she found there was a note on the napkin(餐巾), ＂You don’t need to give me anything back. Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you.＂
Under the napkin were four more $100 bills.
31. Why did Anderson tell his name to the old lady
A. Because he wanted to check if the lady knew him.
B. Because he hoped that may help relax the lady.
C. Because he thought he could be paid back one day.
D. Because he wanted to leave his name for doing good things.
32. What does the underlined word they refer to(指的是)
A. The old lady and Anderson.
B. The people who need help.
C. The old lady and the waitress.
D. The people who help others.
33. Which is the right order of the old lady’s feelings
①Thankful ②Happy ③Worried ④Helpless ⑤Willing and ready to help
A. ④③①⑤② B. ④①③②⑤
C. ③②①⑤④ D. ③①④⑤②
34. What can be inferred(推断) from the passage
A. The meal cost the old lady 400 dollars.
B. Anderson must be helped by someone before.
C. The old lady was able to fit a spare tire herself.
D. The waitress will probably help someone later.
35. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Help of Strangers B. The Power of Smile
C. The China of Love D. The Bill of Kindness
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爱的传递的两个小故事，一个男人看见一个女士陷入了难题，便停车为她解决了这个问题，他对女士说：如果想报答我，就去帮助别人吧。女士在经过一家餐厅时，看见怀孕的女服务员很辛苦，就偷偷地给了这位服务员一些钱。
31. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中的信息The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her 这位老妇人担心Anderson会伤害她，可推知她可能很紧张，所以Anderson告诉她自己的名字，为的是使这位老妇人放轻松，故答案选B。
32. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文the next time she saw someone who needed help,下次她看到有人需要帮助时，结合本句she could give them the help they needed.她可以给予他们需要的帮助；由此可知they是指上文提到的那些需要帮助的人，故答案选B。
33. A【解析】理解排序题。通读全文可知，首先是老妇人的车坏在了路上，她感到很无助（Helpless）；Anderson路过想帮助她，但她担心（Worried）Anderson会伤害她；Anderson告诉她自己的名字，并帮助了她，老妇人想给他钱感谢（Thankful）他；老妇人在一个餐馆里帮助了一个孕妇，（说明她乐于助人Willing and ready to help）；最后从老妇人给孕妇留的字条上可以看出，老妇人感到很幸福（Happy），因为她让爱的链条得到了延续。结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
34. D【解析】理解判断题。通读全文可知，Anderson帮助一个年纪大的女士，并告诉他自己不需要感谢，只希望她把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去，然后这位年纪大的女士又帮助了一位孕妇服务员，同样她希望这位孕妇服务员也把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去；由此可推知，这位孕妇服务员以后可能会帮助别人，故答案选D。
35. A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文中的信息Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you. 有人也这样帮助了我，你也可以这样做，不要让这条爱之链随着你而结束。所以应该是帮助他人，传递爱心。结合选项A. The Help of Strangers陌生人的帮助；B. The Power of Smile微笑的力量；C. The China of Love爱的中国；D. The Bill of Kindness仁慈的比尔；可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
（三）
When I was young, I lived in Scotland with my parents. I had a good time there.
One morning, I ran to the garden, and said to the old Scotsman who worked there. ＂Today I am going up the mountain for berries. ＂
＂No, no, Missey, not today. ＂ he said , ＂It will rain. ＂
＂No, it will not rain. ＂ I said, ＂The sun is up. The cook says it will be fine. The glass in the hall does not say rain. ＂
＂Tuts, tuts. ＂ said the old man, ＂I care for no suns, or cooks, or glasses. The pimpernel (海绿) says it will rain, and so it will rain. Flowers, Missey, always tell the truth. When they say rain, go and get your umbrella.＂
Sure enough, by noon the rain was pouring down. After that, I looked with great respect at the tiny flower, sometimes brickred, sometimes blue, which could tell about the weather. But the pimpernel is not the only plant that is a weather prophet.
If you go into the garden, and find the African marigolds shut after seven o’clock in the morning, you may be pretty sure that there will be a rainy day. There is a little single marigold which shuts up in a hurry if the sky becomes clouded. It is called the ＂rainy-marigold＂.
Most plants which we call ＂weather prophets＂ shut up for rain. But some plants open for rain. The cause of the opening and closing is probably the difference in light. Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light.
But you know there are some plants which become smaller in a strong light and love the shade. You will find that most shade-loving plants, as the verbenas, do not close for rain.
Lilies, tulips and other flowers that love the sun shut for rain. Tulips are careful not to open their cups very wide in the morning if it is likely to rain. The roses make no change. They seem not to fear wet.
On the whole, you may be pretty sure, if you go into your garden, and find many flowers-as tulips, marigolds and morning glories-shut, it will be a stormy day, unfit for picnics or long walks.
36. The plants which are ＂weather prophets＂ .
A. become smaller in a strong light B. tell about the weather
C. open for rain and fear light D. love shade and wet
37. You can go out for a picnic when .
A. the morning glories and lilies do not shut
B. the African marigolds shut after 7:00 a. m.
C. die pimpernels open wide in the daytime
D. the roses and tulips shut in the sunshine
38. What do we know from the passage
A. The flowers have four ways to help people to get information about weather.
B. The glass in the hall has magic for the writer’s family to know about weather.
C. We can know about weather by keeping many roses at home or in the garden.
D. Missey will probably know about weather by watching flowers from now on.
39. The passage is mainly about .
A. watching flowers carefully before going out
B. learning to watch flowers from the old Scotsman
C. the importance of growing flowers in the garden
D. the relationship between some flowers and weather
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了小时候作者和父母住在苏格兰。作者还学到了有一些花可以预测天气。
36. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Most plants which we call ＂weather prophets＂ shut up for rain. But some plants open for rain.可知，他们是来告诉天气的。故选B。
37. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文中if you go into your garden, and find many flowers-as tulips, marigolds and morning glories-shut, it will be a stormy day, unfit for picnics or long walks.可知，牵牛花和百合花早上不会关闭，说明不下雨。故选A。
38. D【解析】推理判断题。从现在起，米西可能会通过看花了解天气。选项D是正确的。故选D。
39. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了一些花与天气的关系。故选D。
（四）
I walked into a stranger as he passed by me.
＂Excuse me.＂ I said.
He replied with a smile and said, ＂Please excuse me, too. I didn’t notice you.＂
We apologized(道歉) and went for our own ways.
Later that day, when I was cooking, my daughter was standing too near. When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. ＂Move out of the way!＂ I shouted.
She walked away sadly. But I didn’t feel like I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me. ＂While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You will find them in the kitchen by the door. Have you seen the tears in her eyes ＂
I quietly went and sat down by my daughter’s bed.
＂Honey, I am so sorry.＂ I said. ＂Are these the flowers you picked for me ＂
She said, ＂I found them by the tree. I picked them because they’re pretty like you. I knew you’d like them, especially the blue ones.＂
I tearfully replied, ＂Sweetie, I’m really sorry for the way I acted today. I shouldn’t have shouted at you.＂
＂It’s OK. I love you anyway.＂ She said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we can be polite to strangers, why can’t we do the same for the ones we love
45. The writer was to the stranger who she walked into.
A. mad B. honest C. unkind D. polite
46. Where were they when the writer shouted at her daughter
A. In the kitchen. B. By the tree.
C. In the bedroom. D. In the garden.
47. What did the writer’s husband think when he saw her action
A. The little girl shouldn’t cry.
B. She shouldn’t shout at their daughter.
C. She shouldn’t say sorry to the stranger.
D. Both he and his wife should apologize to their daughter.
48. What may be the writer’s favorite color according to the passage
A. Yellow. B. Pink. C. Blue. D. Red.
49. What do you think is the best title for the passage
A. Be friendly to strangers.
B. Mothers like flowers.
C. Be kind to loved ones.
D. Love between parents and children.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述作者在撞上陌生人之后赶紧道歉。而撞上她的女儿的时候却大声喊叫。事后她反思自己，为什么我们能对陌生人有礼貌而不能对自己最爱的人如此呢？
45. D【解析】推理判断题。根据I walked into a stranger as he passed by me. ＂Excuse me.＂ I said. He replied with a smile and said, ＂Please excuse me, too. I didn’t notice you.＂ We apologized(道歉) and went for our own ways.可以推知作者对陌生人是有礼貌。故选D。
46. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Later that day, when I was cooking, my daughter was standing too near. 那天晚些时候，我做饭的时候，我女儿站得太近了。可知，作者在厨房里对她女儿大喊大叫。故选A。
47. B【解析】推理判断题。根据While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me. ＂While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You will find them in the kitchen by the door. Have you seen the tears in her eyes ＂可以推知作者的丈夫看到她的动作时，他认为她不应该对他们的女儿大喊大叫。故选B。
48. C【解析】细节理解题。根据She said, ＂I found them by the tree. I picked them because they’re pretty like you. I knew you’d like them, especially the blue ones.＂ 她说：＂我在树旁看到的。我选它们是因为它们很像你。我知道你会喜欢的，尤其是蓝色的。＂可知，作者最喜欢蓝色。故选C。
49. C【解析】推理判断题。根据If we can be polite to strangers, why can’t we do the same for the ones we love 如果我们能对陌生人客气，为什么我们不能对我们所爱的人也这样做呢？可以推知本文最好的题目是：善待所爱的人。故选C。
（五）
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, ＂Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.＂
27. Smile Train is a charity which _____________.
A. provides food and medical care for poor children
B. raises money for all the doctors working in the UK
C. offers free medical help to children with the facial defect.
D. gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning.
28. The underlined word ＂abandoned＂ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
29. What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work
A. Dangerous. B. Surprising. C. Relaxing. D. Valuable.
30. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.
A. children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before
B. more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect
C. fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls
D. doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体——微笑列车，这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始。
27. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). ..The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术。由此可知应选C。
28. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃。given up放弃；dressed up盛装打扮；called up打电话；brought up抚养，提出。根据文章的语境分析可知应选A。
29. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy…I did the operation and gave hope to the family可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望。由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的。Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的。故应选D。
30. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.可知，经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项＂更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们＂符合文意，故选B.
第一部分 易错题解题范例
答题第一步：浏览题干及选项，标注定位词。（见题干及选项标线处）
答题第二步：带着问题通读全文，标注4类词：时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹
表示），极端词和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底纹表示）。
Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so lazy that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers in Britain's largest health center. The results were very surprising.
About one in six people who were asked said if their control was broken,they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those asked said they would not run to catch a bus.Worryingly,of 654 respondents(离婚被告）with children,64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
We know that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are very fat before they start school.
Dr Sarah,Dauncey,medical director of the center,said,“People need to get fitter, not just for their own health, but for their families, friends and pets,too.”
“If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most basic tasks.”
And Scotland's largest city,Glasgow,was shamed as the laziest city in the UK,with 75% asked thinking they do not get enough exercise,followed by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
So there are some problems for the National Health Service,where fatness-related(相关的）illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
全文翻译
你是否习惯于吃冰箱里现成的食物而不是亲自做一顿饭？你是否习惯于网上购物而不是去实体店购物？
一项针对英国人到底有多懒的研究发现，超过半数的成年人非常懒，就是去二楼也要乘电梯，而不是爬楼梯。
英国最大的健康中心的独立研究人员对2000多名英国人做了询问调查。调查结果令人惊讶。
大约1/6的被询问者说，如果他们的遥控器坏掉，他们会继续收看这个频道，而不是起身去换台。
超过1/3的被询问者说，他们不会跑着去赶公交车。令人担忧的是，在654名带着孩子的离婚被告中，64%的人说他们常常太累了无法陪孩子们玩耍。
我们知道，在英国有1/6的孩子入学前就已经非常胖了，这点也就不足为奇了。
该中心的医学主管，萨拉·当西博士说到：“人们需要变得更加健康，不仅仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的家人、朋友以及他们的宠物。”
“如果我们不开始控制这样的问题，那么整个一代人将会变得非常不健康，以至于甚至连最基本的事情也无法做好。”
苏格兰最大城市格拉斯哥，很惭愧地被评为英国最懒城市，有75%的被询问者表示他们没有做足量的运动。排在第二位的是伯明翰和南安普顿，两者都有67%(的人认为没有保持足够的运动量）。
因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。
答题第三步：根据题干或选项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。
答题第四步：核对答案，反思错题。
46.What does the underlined word “quizzed”mean
A.questioned B.answered C.listened D.heard
正确解答：A 词义猜测题。由第四段“About one in six people who were asked...”中asked可知，该健康中心“询问”了2000多人，故选A.此外，A项和B项词义相反，答案很可能出现在A项和B项中，此为“反义多正解”原则。
47.Of 654 respondents with children,64% said .定位到第五段最后一句
A. they were often too busy to play with their children
B.they were often so tired that they couldn't play with their children
C.they were often so sad that they didn't want to play with their children
D.they were often ill and they couldn't play with their children
错因分析：易错选A.易主观臆断，无法陪孩子玩耍就是由于工作太忙。
正确解答：B 细节理解题。由第五段第二句中的tired可知，大人是因为太累而无法陪孩子玩耍，故选B.
48.Which of the following is true according to the passage
A.All the adults in the UK are very lazy.→定位到第二段
B.Half of the children are very fat before they go to school.定位到第六段
C.Pets will be in trouble if their owners don't keep healthy.定位到第七段
D.All people in Glasgow feel ashamed because they don't get enough exercise.定位到第九段
错因分析：易错选D.忽略了句中过于绝对化的表述词all.
正确解答：C 细节理解题。由第七段后半句可知，如果宠物的主人不能保持健康，宠物也会有麻烦，故选C.由第六段可知是1/6的孩子在上学前很胖，而不是一半孩子，排除B;A、D两项说法太绝对。
49. From the last paragraph,we can learn if they keep lazy.定位到最后一段
A.people may have heart disease
B.people can work at home all the time
C.people like shopping online
D.people don't like climbing the stairs
错因分析：易错选D.忽视题干中的 From the last paragraph.
正确解答：A 推理判断题。由最后一段“。。。where fatness-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40years...”可知，懒惰所造成的肥胖会引发心脏病和癌症等疾病，故选A.
50.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The health service in the UK.
B. A study of British people's lifestyles.
C. A study of British people's laziness.
D.The fatness problem in the UK.
错因分析：易错选D.文中提到了肥胖问题，D项的 fatness problem会对答案选择造成干扰，但肥胖是懒惰的一种结果，不是文章讨论的主题。
正确解答：C 主旨大意题。由第二段第一句中的“A study into how lazy British people are...”及全文可知选C.
答题第五步：整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上。
长难句分析：So there are some problems for the National Health Service,where 先行词 where 引导定语从句
fatness-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40
从句主语 从句谓语
years and are costing of pounds every year.
从句谓语
因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。
句法分析：这是一个where引导的定语从句，先行词是problems,where 修饰problems,表示“在这些问题中”。
第二部分 阅读理解推理判断易错题解题应对策略
推理判断题题干中常有infer,possible,imply,probable等标志词。
1.利用“推理要适度”原则缩小答案范围
之所以叫作推理判断题是因为此类题往往是在原文细节的基础上向外推一步而得出的结果，但这“一步”要适度。如果往外推得太远就不是文中所要表达的观点了，因此推断时一定做到适度。
示例：The researchers found that levels of oxytocin(催产素） were higher in both humans and dogs after they interacted...Nagasawa did the same experiment with humans and wolves, but it did not give the same results.
55.What can we infer(推断）from the last sentence of the text
A.More experiments are expected to help wolves produce oxytocin.
B. The cuddle chemical in human blood protects us against wolves.
C.It makes sense the humans and wolves are naturally best friends.
D. It's generally impossible to have the bond between humans and wolves.
分析：由上文可知，人和狼之间的交流不会使其体内的催产素增多。由此可推知，通常情况下，人和狼之间不可能产生亲密的关系，故选D.而其余选项由于推得太远导致偏离文意，甚至出现错误。
2.利用“立足原文”原则缩小答案范围
做推理判断题首要原则就是要立足于原文的细节，如果推断出的结果在原文中找不到任何依据，那么无论说法多么正确也不能选。
3.推理判断题选项特点
正确选项 错误选项
根据原文内容一步即可推出。 正确选项中一般不会有绝对的概念。 正确选项中往往会有 sometimes,may,might, can,could,possibly,probably等词。 干扰项与常识吻合，但不是由文章推出。 推理过头，引申过度。 偏离主题，主观臆断。凭空推测，不立足原文。 直接照抄原文信息的选项。
·第三部分 题型专练
（一）
In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids(兰花) and other flowers. As the king grew older, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country.
The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a single orchid seed(种子). He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne.
Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. ＂Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I hope you can see that I tried my best,＂ he said. The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正) in the country.
1. According to the king’s order, who could be the next king
A. The man who was the smartest.
B. The man who was the most honest,
C. The man who could plant the best seed.
D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.
2. What do we know about David
A. He told a joke to the king. B. He failed to grow the king’s orchid.
C. He was good at growing orchids. D. He was chosen to be the next king.
3. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ refers to in Paragraph 4
A. The pot. B. His flower. C. The seed. D. The sunlight.
4. What can we learn from the story
A. David was the only winner in the end.
B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.
C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace.
D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge.
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Honesty Is the Best Policy B. How to Grow Orchids
C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids
【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王。并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿。国王被大卫的诚实所感动。虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. 然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王。故选D。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但尽管他努力，他的花还是长不出来。可知，他没有种出国王的兰花。故选B。
3. C【解析】推理判断题。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔细观察。根据上文的句子David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大卫把种子种在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：国王给的兰花种子。故选C。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正。可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要。故选D。
5. A【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何种植兰花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的礼物。D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids兰花很容易种植。根据短文的内容The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大卫是一个非常诚实的人，国王才选择他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的标题应该选择Honesty is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。故选A。
（二）
One day, a man saw an old lady sitting inside her car at the side of the road. Though it was dark, he could see she needed help. So he stopped his car and walked towards her. The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her ＂I’ll help you start your car, madam. By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson, ＂ he said.
While Anderson was fitting a spare tired(备胎) to her car, the lady began to talk to him. She thanked him much for coming to help.
Anderson just smiled as he put his tools away. The lady asked how much she should pay him. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give them the help they needed. He waited until she started her car and drove off.
A few miles down the road, the lady saw a small restaurant. She went in and a waitress came over with a sweet smile. The old lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant(怀孕的), but she never let the pains and aches change her smile when she served her.
The lady finished her meal and paid with a hundred-dollar bill. The waitress quickly went to get change, but the old lady was gone when the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she found there was a note on the napkin(餐巾), ＂You don’t need to give me anything back. Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you.＂
Under the napkin were four more $100 bills.
31. Why did Anderson tell his name to the old lady
A. Because he wanted to check if the lady knew him.
B. Because he hoped that may help relax the lady.
C. Because he thought he could be paid back one day.
D. Because he wanted to leave his name for doing good things.
32. What does the underlined word they refer to(指的是)
A. The old lady and Anderson.
B. The people who need help.
C. The old lady and the waitress.
D. The people who help others.
33. Which is the right order of the old lady’s feelings
①Thankful ②Happy ③Worried ④Helpless ⑤Willing and ready to help
A. ④③①⑤② B. ④①③②⑤
C. ③②①⑤④ D. ③①④⑤②
34. What can be inferred(推断) from the passage
A. The meal cost the old lady 400 dollars.
B. Anderson must be helped by someone before.
C. The old lady was able to fit a spare tire herself.
D. The waitress will probably help someone later.
35. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Help of Strangers B. The Power of Smile
C. The China of Love D. The Bill of Kindness
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爱的传递的两个小故事，一个男人看见一个女士陷入了难题，便停车为她解决了这个问题，他对女士说：如果想报答我，就去帮助别人吧。女士在经过一家餐厅时，看见怀孕的女服务员很辛苦，就偷偷地给了这位服务员一些钱。
31. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中的信息The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her 这位老妇人担心Anderson会伤害她，可推知她可能很紧张，所以Anderson告诉她自己的名字，为的是使这位老妇人放轻松，故答案选B。
32. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文the next time she saw someone who needed help,下次她看到有人需要帮助时，结合本句she could give them the help they needed.她可以给予他们需要的帮助；由此可知they是指上文提到的那些需要帮助的人，故答案选B。
33. A【解析】理解排序题。通读全文可知，首先是老妇人的车坏在了路上，她感到很无助（Helpless）；Anderson路过想帮助她，但她担心（Worried）Anderson会伤害她；Anderson告诉她自己的名字，并帮助了她，老妇人想给他钱感谢（Thankful）他；老妇人在一个餐馆里帮助了一个孕妇，（说明她乐于助人Willing and ready to help）；最后从老妇人给孕妇留的字条上可以看出，老妇人感到很幸福（Happy），因为她让爱的链条得到了延续。结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
34. D【解析】理解判断题。通读全文可知，Anderson帮助一个年纪大的女士，并告诉他自己不需要感谢，只希望她把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去，然后这位年纪大的女士又帮助了一位孕妇服务员，同样她希望这位孕妇服务员也把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去；由此可推知，这位孕妇服务员以后可能会帮助别人，故答案选D。
35. A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文中的信息Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you. 有人也这样帮助了我，你也可以这样做，不要让这条爱之链随着你而结束。所以应该是帮助他人，传递爱心。结合选项A. The Help of Strangers陌生人的帮助；B. The Power of Smile微笑的力量；C. The China of Love爱的中国；D. The Bill of Kindness仁慈的比尔；可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
（三）
When I was young, I lived in Scotland with my parents. I had a good time there.
One morning, I ran to the garden, and said to the old Scotsman who worked there. ＂Today I am going up the mountain for berries. ＂
＂No, no, Missey, not today. ＂ he said , ＂It will rain. ＂
＂No, it will not rain. ＂ I said, ＂The sun is up. The cook says it will be fine. The glass in the hall does not say rain. ＂
＂Tuts, tuts. ＂ said the old man, ＂I care for no suns, or cooks, or glasses. The pimpernel (海绿) says it will rain, and so it will rain. Flowers, Missey, always tell the truth. When they say rain, go and get your umbrella.＂
Sure enough, by noon the rain was pouring down. After that, I looked with great respect at the tiny flower, sometimes brickred, sometimes blue, which could tell about the weather. But the pimpernel is not the only plant that is a weather prophet.
If you go into the garden, and find the African marigolds shut after seven o’clock in the morning, you may be pretty sure that there will be a rainy day. There is a little single marigold which shuts up in a hurry if the sky becomes clouded. It is called the ＂rainy-marigold＂.
Most plants which we call ＂weather prophets＂ shut up for rain. But some plants open for rain. The cause of the opening and closing is probably the difference in light. Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light.
But you know there are some plants which become smaller in a strong light and love the shade. You will find that most shade-loving plants, as the verbenas, do not close for rain.
Lilies, tulips and other flowers that love the sun shut for rain. Tulips are careful not to open their cups very wide in the morning if it is likely to rain. The roses make no change. They seem not to fear wet.
On the whole, you may be pretty sure, if you go into your garden, and find many flowers-as tulips, marigolds and morning glories-shut, it will be a stormy day, unfit for picnics or long walks.
36. The plants which are ＂weather prophets＂ .
A. become smaller in a strong light B. tell about the weather
C. open for rain and fear light D. love shade and wet
37. You can go out for a picnic when .
A. the morning glories and lilies do not shut
B. the African marigolds shut after 7:00 a. m.
C. die pimpernels open wide in the daytime
D. the roses and tulips shut in the sunshine
38. What do we know from the passage
A. The flowers have four ways to help people to get information about weather.
B. The glass in the hall has magic for the writer’s family to know about weather.
C. We can know about weather by keeping many roses at home or in the garden.
D. Missey will probably know about weather by watching flowers from now on.
39. The passage is mainly about .
A. watching flowers carefully before going out
B. learning to watch flowers from the old Scotsman
C. the importance of growing flowers in the garden
D. the relationship between some flowers and weather
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了小时候作者和父母住在苏格兰。作者还学到了有一些花可以预测天气。
36. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Most plants which we call ＂weather prophets＂ shut up for rain. But some plants open for rain.可知，他们是来告诉天气的。故选B。
37. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文中if you go into your garden, and find many flowers-as tulips, marigolds and morning glories-shut, it will be a stormy day, unfit for picnics or long walks.可知，牵牛花和百合花早上不会关闭，说明不下雨。故选A。
38. D【解析】推理判断题。从现在起，米西可能会通过看花了解天气。选项D是正确的。故选D。
39. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了一些花与天气的关系。故选D。
（四）
I walked into a stranger as he passed by me.
＂Excuse me.＂ I said.
He replied with a smile and said, ＂Please excuse me, too. I didn’t notice you.＂
We apologized(道歉) and went for our own ways.
Later that day, when I was cooking, my daughter was standing too near. When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. ＂Move out of the way!＂ I shouted.
She walked away sadly. But I didn’t feel like I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me. ＂While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You will find them in the kitchen by the door. Have you seen the tears in her eyes ＂
I quietly went and sat down by my daughter’s bed.
＂Honey, I am so sorry.＂ I said. ＂Are these the flowers you picked for me ＂
She said, ＂I found them by the tree. I picked them because they’re pretty like you. I knew you’d like them, especially the blue ones.＂
I tearfully replied, ＂Sweetie, I’m really sorry for the way I acted today. I shouldn’t have shouted at you.＂
＂It’s OK. I love you anyway.＂ She said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we can be polite to strangers, why can’t we do the same for the ones we love
45. The writer was to the stranger who she walked into.
A. mad B. honest C. unkind D. polite
46. Where were they when the writer shouted at her daughter
A. In the kitchen. B. By the tree.
C. In the bedroom. D. In the garden.
47. What did the writer’s husband think when he saw her action
A. The little girl shouldn’t cry.
B. She shouldn’t shout at their daughter.
C. She shouldn’t say sorry to the stranger.
D. Both he and his wife should apologize to their daughter.
48. What may be the writer’s favorite color according to the passage
A. Yellow. B. Pink. C. Blue. D. Red.
49. What do you think is the best title for the passage
A. Be friendly to strangers.
B. Mothers like flowers.
C. Be kind to loved ones.
D. Love between parents and children.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述作者在撞上陌生人之后赶紧道歉。而撞上她的女儿的时候却大声喊叫。事后她反思自己，为什么我们能对陌生人有礼貌而不能对自己最爱的人如此呢？
45. D【解析】推理判断题。根据I walked into a stranger as he passed by me. ＂Excuse me.＂ I said. He replied with a smile and said, ＂Please excuse me, too. I didn’t notice you.＂ We apologized(道歉) and went for our own ways.可以推知作者对陌生人是有礼貌。故选D。
46. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Later that day, when I was cooking, my daughter was standing too near. 那天晚些时候，我做饭的时候，我女儿站得太近了。可知，作者在厨房里对她女儿大喊大叫。故选A。
47. B【解析】推理判断题。根据While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me. ＂While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You will find them in the kitchen by the door. Have you seen the tears in her eyes ＂可以推知作者的丈夫看到她的动作时，他认为她不应该对他们的女儿大喊大叫。故选B。
48. C【解析】细节理解题。根据She said, ＂I found them by the tree. I picked them because they’re pretty like you. I knew you’d like them, especially the blue ones.＂ 她说：＂我在树旁看到的。我选它们是因为它们很像你。我知道你会喜欢的，尤其是蓝色的。＂可知，作者最喜欢蓝色。故选C。
49. C【解析】推理判断题。根据If we can be polite to strangers, why can’t we do the same for the ones we love 如果我们能对陌生人客气，为什么我们不能对我们所爱的人也这样做呢？可以推知本文最好的题目是：善待所爱的人。故选C。
（五）
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, ＂Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.＂
27. Smile Train is a charity which _____________.
A. provides food and medical care for poor children
B. raises money for all the doctors working in the UK
C. offers free medical help to children with the facial defect.
D. gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning.
28. The underlined word ＂abandoned＂ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
29. What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work
A. Dangerous. B. Surprising. C. Relaxing. D. Valuable.
30. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.
A. children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before
B. more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect
C. fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls
D. doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体——微笑列车，这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始。
27. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). ..The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术。由此可知应选C。
28. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃。given up放弃；dressed up盛装打扮；called up打电话；brought up抚养，提出。根据文章的语境分析可知应选A。
29. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy…I did the operation and gave hope to the family可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望。由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的。Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的。故应选D。
30. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.可知，经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项＂更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们＂符合文意，故选B.