《导与练》人教版英语选修6 同步教学课件（20份打包）

课件25张PPT。Unit 1ArtSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading一、课文大意填空 This passage is a brief history of Western painting.Art is
influenced by the (1)________ and (2)________ of a people.Styles
in Western art have (3)________ so many times.The most
important four styles (4)________ from the sixth century AD, that
is, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, (5)____________ and Modern
Art, are introduced in this passage.customs faith changed starting Impressionism二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．What themes did the main aim of painters represent du-ring
the Middle Ages?______A．Nature.
C．Religious.B．People.
D．Perspective. 2 ． It can be inferred from the text that classical Roman and
Greek ideas were ________.A．imaginary
C．impressionistic B．perspective
D．realisticC D 3．In the Renaissance, painters ________.A．painted religious scenes in a more realistic style
B．painted people and nature in a realistic style
C．only painted pictures for rich peopleD ． would have been able to paint more realistic pictureswithout the discovery of perspective rulesB 4 ． At first people disliked the Impressionists' paintingsbecause ________.A．their paintings were really ridiculousB．their paintings were painted in a careless wayC ． their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlierpaintersD．both A and BC 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE?_____A ． Many of modern art styles might not exist without theImpressionists.B ． Some modern art is abstract because the painter does notconcentrate on certain qualities of the object.C ． Modern artists look at their environment and art in adifferent way from the Impressionists.D．We can predict that no more new styles of Western art willcome into being.A 三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格religious themes a more humanistic they really were how light and shadow ridiculous abstract Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受民族习俗和信仰的影响。
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念典例 Faith can move mountains.精诚所至，金石为开。
拓展 have faith in 相信，信任
keep faith with sb.对某人守信用
by one's faith 保证；千真万确in good/bad faith 诚实地/不诚实地运用 完成句子I ________________ (相信) his ability to succeed.have faith in During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters wasto represent religious themes.在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现
宗教主题。
2．aim解析 (1)n.目标；目的Our aim is to make our school more beautiful.
我们的目标就是让学校变得更美丽。(2)vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力He aims to be a successful businessman.
他立志成为一名成功的商人。拓展 achieve one's aim 达到目的miss one's aim 打不中目标；达不到目的
take aim at 向……瞄准with the aim of 以……为目标；意在……
aim at 瞄准aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.意欲，力求做某事
be aimed at (doing) sth.旨在……；目的在于……运用 完成句子①You should do your best to _______________ (实现你的目标)．② Jimmy practices playing the violin day and night and____________________ (意欲成为) the best violinist.achieve your aim aims at being/aims to be A typical picture at this time was full of religioussymbols...这个时期典型的绘画充满了宗教色彩……
3．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的典例 He is a typical student who likes to ask questions.
他是一个典型的爱问问题的学生。拓展 be typical of...是……特有的；是典型的……
It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是他的特点
运用 完成句子①These are likely to ________________ (是典型的……) theearly symptoms of lung cancer.②________________ ( 是 他 的 特 点 ) to leave the mobilephone in the office.be typical of It's typical of him People began to concentrate less on religious themesand adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人们开始较少关注
宗教主题，而是采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
4．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养典例 Miss Gao has adopted a new teaching method.
高老师采用了一种新的教学法。As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.
由于他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。
运用 完成句子①You should learn to ________________ (采纳建议)．
②They are not my real parents.I ______________ ( 被收养)．adopt a suggestion am adopted Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, sothey could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人
们想拥有自己的画像并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
5．possess vt.解析 (1)意为“拥有”，不能用于进行时。如：Mr.Zhang asked me if I possessed my own car.
张先生问我是否有自己的车。
(2)意为“具有”。如：I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humor.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。(3)意为“支配”，通常指感觉、情绪、想法等的支配。如：She was suddenly possessed with fear.
她突然感到害怕。拓展 possess oneself of 获得be possessed of 拥有be in possession of (某人)拥有(某物)be in the possession of (某物)为(某人)所有运用 完成句子①They don't ________________ ( 拥 有 ) the necessarytechnical knowledge.②Although plain-looking, Mary is ________________ (具有)great intelligence.③One main idea ________________ ( 支配 着她 ); she mustget away from home.possess possessed of possessed her By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at thistime...巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展……
6．by coincidence 巧合地典例 By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.巧合的是，我们同时到这。拓展 by chance 偶然；意外地(一般不放在句首)by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心地运用 完成句子________________ (巧合的是), we bought the same skirt.By coincidence Without the new paints and the new technique, we
would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which
this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就
不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
7．without 引导的非真实条件句解析句中 without 引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件句，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。
如：
Without your help, she would not achieve her aim.
没有你的帮助，她就不能实现她的目标。
运用 完成句子
________________ (没有水), people would die.Without water In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,
from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变
成了以工业为主的社会。
8．a great deal解析 a great deal 意为“大量”，作名词性短语。如：I have a great deal for supper because I am going to stay uplate tonight.我晚饭吃得很多，因为准备熬夜。拓展 (1)a great deal 还可作副词性短语，修饰形容词。如：She is a great deal happier than I thought.
她比我所想的要幸福得多。(2)a great deal of 意为“大量的”，作形容词性短语，后接不可数名词。如：They have spent a great deal of money on this project.他们在这个工程上花了大量的钱。运用 完成句子①Our hometown ___________________ ( 改变了许多 ) in thepast five years.②Look at that tree.It's ________________ ( 高了很多) thanbefore.③________________ ( 大量的时间) has been wasted in thelast two weeks.a great deal taller has changed a great deal A great deal of time ...the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we seethem with our eyes... ……画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西
如实地画出来……
9．attempt解析 (1)n.努力；尝试；企图She made an attempt to learn to ride a bike.
她尝试着学骑自行车。(2)vt.尝试；企图The prisoner attempted an escape, but failed.
犯人企图逃走，但失败了。拓展 表示“尝试、试图做某事”可有以下表达方法：attempt to do sth.make an attempt to do sth.make an attempt at doing sth.运用 完成句子①Do not ________________________ (尝试) repair this yourself.
②He ________________ (试图) skipping off, but failed.attempt to/make an attempt to made an attempt at On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so
realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面，有些现代
派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像是照片。
10．on the other hand (可是)另一方面解析on the other hand 常与 on the one hand 连用，但在许多情况下，会根据上下文省略 on the one hand。如：
I know this job isn't well-paid, but on the other hand I don't
have to work long hours.
我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必
工作太长时间。
运用 完成句子
________________ (另一方面), they won't take the jobs that
don't pay much.On the other hand Who can predict what painting styles there will be inthe future? 谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格？
11．predict vt.预言；预告；预测典例 He predicted a good harvest.他预言丰收。
拓展 (1)predict that...预言……She predicted that he would marry a wealthy lady.
她预言他会娶到一位有钱的女士。
(2)be predicted to do sth.被预测做某事Unemployment is predicted to increase to 70,000 by the endof this year.预计年底失业人数会上升到 7 万。(3)It is predicted that...据预测……It is predicted that the food prices will continue to go up in thenext few months.预计未来几个月食品价格还会继续上涨。运用 完成句子①Can you ________________ (预测天气) tomorrow?②________________ ( 据 预 测 ) the economy may becomebetter after September.predict the weather It is predicted that 课件17张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Languagethe art of making figures, objects, etc out of stone, wood,clay, etc 用石头、木头、泥土等材料制作人像、物体的艺术等
1．figure解析 (1)n.画像；身材；数字There is a figure of the queen on the wall.
墙上有一幅女王的画像。Betty has a good figure.贝蒂身材很好。He has an income of six figures.
他有六位数的收入。(2)v.计算；估计He is figuring out the expenses in the office.
他正在办公室计算开支。I figure he'll be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。
拓展 figure out 弄明白；计算出
运用 完成句子①Please write the numbers in Arabic ____________ (数字)．②Have you ________________ (弄明白) why he is absent?figures figured out ...so excited about meeting a famous scholar in theflesh.……很激动见到著名学者本人。
2．in the flesh 活着的；本人解析 in the flesh 多是针对以前见过其照片或影视而说的。如：She is even more beautiful in the flesh than in photographs.她真人比照片还要好看。运用 完成句子She looks lovelier ________________ (本人) than on TV.in the flesh 虚拟语气Ⅰ一、虚拟语气的相关概念1．语气：动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2．语气的种类：一般分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。 3．虚拟语气：用来表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，
或者是不可能发生的情况，而是说话者的主观愿望、假设或推
测等。主要用于条件句、让步状语从句和表示建议的名词性从
句中。二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1．判断 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。这种真实
条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事)it.2．应用在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。如下表：(1)与过去事实相反If he had taken my advice, he wouldn't have failed in the exam.如果他听了我的建议，他就不会考试不及格了。If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen her.
如果昨天我来这里，我就能见到她了。
(2)与现在事实相反If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
如果我是老师，我会严格要求我的学生。If she had enough money, she might buy a computer.
如果她有足够的钱，她可能会买一台电脑。(3)与将来事实相反If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
如果明天下雪，他们就不能出去了。If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.
要是能下雨的话，庄稼就得救了。 注意：if 虚拟条件句中如果有 were, should 或 had，可省去
if，把 were, should 或 had 提到句首，使用倒装语序。如：If I were a doctor, I would put all my patients in the first place.→Were I a doctor, I would put all my patients in the first place.如果我是医生，我会把我所有的病人摆在第一位。If it should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.→Should it rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.如果明天下雨，足球赛将被延期。If it had not rained, we could have come earlier.→Had it not rained, we could have come earlier.如果没有下雨，我们就能早点到。三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1．动词 wish 表示的是一种主观愿望，后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。如：He is too thin.He wishes he were as strong as Bill.
他太瘦了。他希望自己像比尔那么强壮。I wish I could go to the moon tomorrow.
我希望明天就能去月球。I wish I had taken your advice at that time.
我希望那时听取了你的意见。注意：wish 本身可以是过去式，表示过去的一种愿望，that从句的时态不受影响。如：He wished he hadn't told Mary the bad news yesterday.他希望昨天没有告诉玛丽那个坏消息。 2．在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，
也要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中 should
可以省略。表示坚持的动词：insist表示命令的动词：order, command表示建议的动词：suggest, propose, advise表示要求的动词：request, require, demand, ask如：She requested that she (should) be kept informed ofdevelopments.她要求保持向她报告事态发展情况。The doctor advised that he (should) get enough sleep.
医生建议他保证充足的睡眠。
注意：(1)suggest 表“暗示；表明”，insist 表“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with ourwork.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。 (2)在 would rather 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式
来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
如：I would rather you went tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天去。I would rather she hadn't done that.
我宁愿她没有那样做。一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．If she had worked harder, she _______________________
(succeed)．
2 ． He insists that it __________ (be) him who came first.3．—You should have gone to the show with us yesterday.It'svery good.—I wish I ________________ (be) there, but I was busy withmy report.would have succeeded was had been 4．—Did you catch the plane?—No, if I had hurried, I ________________ (catch) it.5．—He is a very brave man.—Yes.I wish I __________ (have) his courage.would have caught had 二、完成句子1．________________ (如果我是你), I would go at once.
2．_______________________ (如果他采纳我的意见), hewould not have made such a mistake.3 ． If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we________________ (不去滑冰)．4．I wish I ________________ (知道) the truth of the matter.
5．He suggested that I ________________ (努力学习)．If I were you If he had taken my advice would not go skating knew (should) study hard 课件6张PPT。Section ⅢUsing Language Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919,
leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American
people.亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于 1919 年去世，
他把自己的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
1．现在分词(短语)作结果状语解析句中 leaving his house...是现在分词短语作状语表结果。现在分词(短语)作结果状语通常表示一个合乎逻辑的正常
结果。如： Cotton exports rose by 52 percent, setting a record of 3.5
billion dollars.
棉花出口增加了 52%，创下了 35 亿美元的纪录。拓展动词不定式也可以作结果状语。当表示产生的结果是令人失望的时，通常在不定式前面加上 only，构成“only＋to
do”结构。如：
We ran to the playground only to find nothing there.
我们跑到操场，结果什么也没发现。运用 完成句子①He died, ________________ ( 留 下 他 的 妻 子 ) and fivechildren struggling against famine.②He hurried to the bank ________________ (却发现) that itwas closed.leaving his wife only to find It will appeal to those who love Impressionist andPost-Impressionist paintings. 它将会吸引那些喜爱印象派和后
印象派作品的人。
2．appeal解析 (1)作不及物动词，意为“有感染力；呼吁；求助”，后常跟 to/for/against 等。如：She appealed to us to go with her.
她恳求我们与她同行。As the crisis grew worse, local community leaders appealedfor unity.危机越来越严重，当地社团领袖呼吁大家团结一致。(2)作及物动词，意为“将……上诉”。如：He is going to appeal his neighbor.
他准备起诉他的邻居。(3)作名词，意为“呼吁；恳求”。如：The police have renewed their appeal for help from the public.
警方已经重新呼吁公众提供帮助。拓展 appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣appeal (to sb.) for sth.为某事(向某人)呼吁
appeal sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事appeal to a higher court 向上级法院上诉make an appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁运用 完成句子①The Expo 2010 Shanghai China ________________ (吸引)the visitors all over the world.②They ________________ (呼吁) the villagers for money tobuild the bridge.appealed to made an appeal to 课件12张PPT。Section ⅣWriting 如何写建议信
建议信主要是向对方(单位或个人等)提出请求或建议，以
便对方接受自己的意见，解决有关问题。我们在写建议信的时
候，要做到以下三个方面：
一、遵循英语书信格式
规范的书信格式会帮助你给对方留下良好的印象(尤其是
对领导或权力部门及相关单位)，否则你的建议可能会打折扣。 1．信头：包括写信人地址和日期，通常写在信纸的右上角。
可从靠近而不超过信笺的中央写起。先写写信人地址，再写写
信日期。写信人地址通常是由小到大，即：先写门牌号码、街
道名或路名，再写区(县)及所在市名称，然后是省或州、郡名
称，最后写上国家的名称。写信日期通常有两种写法，“月、
日、年”或“日、月、年”。需写邮政编码，其位于城市名称
后面，用逗号隔开。 2．称呼：指写信人对收信人的称呼，写在信头的下方并在
信笺的左边。称呼一般用 Dear...开头，称呼后一般用逗号。3．正文：是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求文字通顺，层次分明，表意清楚。 4．结束语：是书信结尾的恭维话，常见的有“Best wishes”，
相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”、“敬礼”之类的话语。
5．签名：通常在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置，根据写信
的 对 象 常 用 Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely( 长 辈 或 朋 友 ) 或
Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully(长辈或上级)等加逗号，然
后在下面一至两行处签名。要注意的是，不能写成如“Yours
sincerely, David”的形式或受汉语影响在签名下方再写上写信
的日期。二、善提建议英语的建议信至少要分为三段。 1．第一段：要开门见山，让收信人明白写信人要提的建议，
要用概括性的句子说明提什么建议，同时一定要有礼貌。常用的句式有：(1)I'm writing to express my views concerning...；
(2)I would like to suggest that...；
(3)I would recommend that...；
(4)If I were you, I would...；
(5)We'd better...；(6)Why not...?在建议完毕时，也可用以下句型避免对方产生不必要的抵触情绪：(1)I do hope you will consider my suggestion.(2)What do you think of my suggestion? Whether...or notdepends on you. 2．第二段：要详细地说明事情的来龙去脉，要按照事情发
展的顺序描述发展的过程，可充分运用各种时态来表达。
(1)说明事情的起因，可用一般过去时或过去完成时。
(2)描述当前事情的发展状态，可用一般现在时、现在完成时或现在进行时。(3)预测美好的将来，即说明写信人提出的建议将会带来良好的影响，可用一般将来时或将来完成时。3．第三段：为书信的结尾，通常要用客套话来表示礼貌和祝愿。三、理由充分 自己所提出的建议须具有合理性和说服力才能使对方接
受，故充分的理由必不可少。通常可以通过以下方式阐述自己
的理由：1．通过分析所提的建议可能会出现的良好结果或结局，说明其可行性。2．通过分析事态发展现状及趋势，说明所提建议的必要性。
3．列出相关数据及某些研究结果及专家的论证或预言，提供建议的依据，增强其可行性。4．列出某些具体的操作步骤，让对方感受到所提建议的可操作性。 你的堂兄李华在国外学习，你们经常用英语通信。他即将
完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据
下列提示和要求给他回一封信。
[写作内容]1．建议他回国；
2．你的理由是：(1)学有所用，就业容易；
(2)照顾父母。[写作要求]1．词数 100 左右；2．信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。[评分标准]句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。No.42, Zhongshan Road，Guangzhou City, GuangdongChinaJune 8, 2012Dear Li Hua， I'm very glad to receive your letter.______________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________Best wishes!Yours sincerely，Li Ming参考范文：
No.42, Zhongshan Road，
Guangzhou City, Guangdong
China
June 8, 2012
Dear Li Hua，
I'm very glad to receive your letter.I've been thinking about the question you asked me.In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad.
For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China.It will be quite easy for you to find a job.In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.For another reason, I think it will be more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old.Therefore, I think it's a good idea for you to return.So what are you waiting for?
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming课件27张PPT。Unit 2PoemsSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading一、课文大意填空The passage tells us some (1)________ forms of poem, suchas (2)________ rhymes, list poems, (3)________ ， and haiku,which is very popular with English speakers.And it also refers to
the Chinese poems, which have been (4)________ into English.simple nursery cinquain translated 二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．In Poem A, the author uses the poem to express his feelings
to his ________.A．parents
C．loverB．child
D．friends 2 ． Which poems contain strong rhythm among the following
poems? ____
A．Poems A & B.
B．Poems C & D.
C．Poems E & F.
D．Poems G & H.B A 3．Both cinquain and haiku have ________ in common.
A．17 syllables
B．a clear picture and a special feeling in a few words
C．five lines
D．listed things
4．According to Poem H, the title of the English translation of
a Chinese poem must be ________.A．长信怨
C．桃花溪B．水夫谣
D．望夫石B D 5．It can be inferred from the different types of poems that theauthor shows ________.A．poems are the most beautiful language in the world
B．people from child to adult have to learn poems
C．poems are written differently depending on nations
D．people all over the world like poems very muchC 三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格describe emotions Nurser rhymes delight recite five convey Japanese 17 syllables special Some poems tell a story or describe something in a waythat will give the reader a strong impression.有些诗是为了叙
事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。
1．先行词为way 的定语从句解析 本句为定语从句，先行词为 way，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用 that 或 which。如：Can you tell me the way that/which can be used to solve theproblem?你能告诉我可以用来解决这个问题的办法吗？拓展way 在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用 in which 或that，也可省略。如：
What surprised me was not what he said but the way in
which/that he said it.
令我惊讶的不是他说了什么而是他说的方式。
运用 完成句子
I didn't like ___________________ ( 方 式 ) my father talked to
me.the way (in which/that) Others try to convey certain emotions.而有些诗是为了
传达某种感情。
2．convey vt.传达；运送
典例 I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
我觉得难以用言语来表达我的感情。
A wire conveys an electric current.电线传导电流。拓展convey sth.to sb./sp.向某人表达……/将某物运送到某地
运用 完成句子
①We often use body language to ________________ ( 表 达
我们的意思)．
②The hotel ______________________ ( 载 送 乘 客 到 ) the
air terminal by bus.convey our meaningconveys passengers to The language is concrete but imaginative, and they
delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythmand a lot of repetition.童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，而且能使
小孩子们快乐，因为他们押韵、节奏感强，而且重复多遍。
3．concrete解析 (1)作形容词，意为“具体的”，其反义词为 abstract，意为“抽象的”。如：He gave me a concrete explanation.
他给了我一个具体的说明。(2)作名词，意为“混凝土”。如：A lot of buildings are made of concrete now.
现在很多建筑都用混凝土建造。拓展 concrete examples 具体的例子be set in concrete 固定不变运用 完成句子Books and blackboards are ________________ ( 具 体 的 东西)．concrete objectsThe poems may not make sense and even seemcontradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.童谣不一定
合乎常理，甚至有的看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学也容易
背诵。4．contradictory adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的(无比较级和最高级)典例 His two statements are contradictory.他的两种说法互相矛盾。拓展 be contradictory to 与……相矛盾
运用 完成句子The prisoner's statement was ________________ (相矛盾的)the one he'd made earlier.contradictory to ...if we hadn't taken it easy,if we hadn't run out ofenergy.……如果我们没有放松警惕，如果我们没有筋疲力尽。
5．take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
典例 You must take it easy sometimes.
有时候你必须放松一下。
拓展 take one's time 不慌不忙，从容不迫，慢慢来
take things easy 不紧张；轻轻松松
运用 完成句子
________________ (别着急), we'll take care of everything.Take it easy 6．run out of 用完解析 run out of 为及物动词短语，主语一般为人。如：
We are running out of water.我们快用完水了。拓展 用 run out 意为“用光”，为不及物动词短语，主语为物。如：Water is running out.水快用完了。运用 用 run out of/run out 的适当形式填空①We ________________ the gas on the freeway last night.
②My money has ________________.ran out of run out Another simple form of poem that students can easily
write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一种学
生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做“五行诗”。
7．be made up of 由……构成解析本句中 made up of 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 apoem, made 前不用 be 动词。be made up of 相当于 consist of。
作谓语时要带 be 动词，其主动形式为 make up。如：
Two doctors and five nurses made up the medical team.( 主动
语态中不用介词 of)
The medical team is made up of two doctors and five
nurses.(被动语态中要用介词 of)
两个医生和五个护士组成了这个医疗队。拓展 be made for 专门为……制作be made from 用……制成(从成品上看不出原材料)
be made of 用……制成(从成品上可看出原材料)
be made into 被制成/加工成
make up for 弥补make up 组成；化妆；编造
make out 填写；辨认出；理解运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空①Imagine that you live in a society ________________different races.②This kind of paper ________________ wood.
③I bought a toy ________________ glass.④Wood can ________________ desks and chairs.made up of is made from made of be made intoTeasing, shouting, laughing 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑8．tease vi.& vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄典例 Don't take it seriously—he's only teasing.
别把它当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。
拓展 tease sb.about sth.因某物取笑某人 laugh at/make fun of/play jokes on/play trick on 取笑
运用 完成句子①The dog may bite you if you ________________ ( 不停地逗惹它)．②Mary ______________________ ( 因 …… 取 笑 吉 姆 ) hisbig glasses.keep teasing it teased Jim about A fallen blossom is coming back to the branch. 落下的花朵回到了树枝上。
9．branch解析 (1)n.树枝；支流，支线；(学科的)分科；部门A bird has just lighted upon that branch.
一只鸟儿刚好落到那根树枝上了。The river has three main branches.
这条河有三条主要的支流。English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages.英语是日耳曼语系的一个分支。The bank has branches all over the country.
该银行在全国各地均有分行。(2)vi.出枝；分叉The tree near the house branched over the roof.
屋旁那棵树的分枝长到了屋顶上。拓展 branch away (道路、河流等)分叉，岔开
branch accounts 联行账；支店(分店)账户；分类账运用 完成句子① The company located its ________________ ( 分 公 司 ) inthe suburbs.② You'll have to ________________ ( 折 断 枝 干 ) to getthrough the thick forest.branch offices break the branches It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear
picture and create a special feeling using the minimum ofwords.它容易写，而且像“五行诗”一样，可以用最少的词语
呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。
10．minimum解析 (1)n.最低限度；最少量；最小数You must practise each day for a minimum of 30 minutes. 你必须每天至少练习 30 分钟。(2)adj.最小量的；最低点的；最低限度的The minimum wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.最低工价为每小时 4.25 美元。拓展 其反义词为 maximum。如：Our goal is to achieve the maximum of efficiency.
我们的目标是取得最高的效率。
运用 完成句子The cost should be kept to ________________ ( 一个最低限度)．a minimum Did you know that English speakers also enjoy otherformsof Asianpoetry—TangpoemsfromChinainparticular？你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，
尤其是中国的“唐诗”。
11．in particular 尤其；特别典例I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were suchan unusual color.
我尤其注意到了他的眼睛，因为它们的颜色非同寻常。
She stressed that point in particular.
她特别强调了那一点。拓展in particular＝particularly，作“特殊地，具体地”讲时常用在 anyone, anything, anywhere, no one 等不定代词的后
面。
运用 完成句子
Is there anything _______________________ ( 特 别 ) you'd
like for dinner?in particular/particularly Never looking back, transformed into stone.化为石，不回头。12．transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
典例 The magician transformed the frog into a prince.
魔术师把青蛙变成了王子。The situation has been greatly transformed.
形势已经大为好转。拓展 transform...into...把……转化/改造成
运用 完成句子Heat can ________________ (把水转化成) steam.transform water into Should the traveller return, this stone would utter
speech.行人归来石应语。
13．虚拟语气的倒装解析这是一个倒装句，相当于 If the traveller return, thisstone would utter speech. 。如果非真实条件句中有 were, had,
should 等助动词时，可将 if 省略，而把 were, had 或 should 置
于句首，来表达以 if 引导的条件句的相同意思。如：
Should it rain/Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would
be put off.
如果明天下雨，运动会将会推迟。运用 同义句转换，每空一词If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned yourbook.________ ________ ________ ________ yesterday, he wouldhave returned your book.Had he seen you课件20张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageThe forms I liked best convey their meaning by using thebare...我最喜欢的方式通过使用仅有的……传达它们的意思。
1．bare解析 (1)adj.赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的It's better to do yoga with bare feet.
练瑜伽最好赤脚。
(2)n.最基本的要素Readers want more than just the bare facts.
读者想要的不仅仅是基本的事实。拓展 lay bare 揭发，暴露the bare bones 基本内容with one's bare hands 赤手空拳运用 完成句子①He killed a tiger ________________ (赤手空拳)．②The boy likes to walk on the sand ______________ (赤足)．with his bare hands with bare feet Match the beginning of each sentence with the
appropriate ending.给每个句子的开头连接一个恰当的结尾。
2．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
典例 She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion.
她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。拓展(1)It is appropriate that...(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略)……是适当的
It is entirely appropriate that his music should be played at the
festival. 他的音乐在这个节日里演奏是完全合适的。
(2)be appropriate for/to sth. 对某事是适当的
Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding. 运动
服不适合在正式婚礼中穿。运用 完成句子①I think ________________ (…… 是 适 当 的 ) I raise thequestion of my promotion at the moment.②Jeans are not ________________ ( 适 合 于 ) for a formalparty.it is appropriate that appropriate for If there had not been an exchange programme, he wouldnot have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.如果没有这
个交换项目，他将找不到资助人帮助他去留学。
3．exchange解析 (1)n.交换；交流；互换Our school did an exchange with a school in France.
我们学校与法国的一所学校进行了一次交流。(2)vt.& vi 调换；交换We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting.在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。拓展 in exchange for 以……交换
exchange...for...以……交换……运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空
①I gave her a sweater ________________ a skirt.②Can I _____________ pounds ____________ dollars here?in exchange for exchange for4．sponsor解析 (1)n.[C]赞助人；主办者；倡议者Mr.Robert Brown was announced as the sponsor.罗伯特·布朗先生被宣布为赞助人。
(2)vt.发起；举办；倡议Two Virginian Congressmen sponsored the bill.
两位弗吉尼亚国会议员提出了这一议案。拓展 sponsor 作名词还可意为“担保人”。如：If I go and live in the US, I must get an American sponsor.
如果我去美国并在那里居住，必须有美国人作担保。运用 完成句子① In order to carry out his experiment, he must have________________ (很多资助人)．② The meeting ________________ ( 由 …… 发 起 ) by 16countries.many sponsors was sponsored 虚拟语气Ⅱ1．主语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)“It is important (necessary, strange, proper, possible,
necessary 等)＋that 从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“should
＋动词原形”，should 可省略。如：It's important that this task (should) not fail.
至关重要的是这项任务不能失败。 (2)“It is ordered (decided, suggested, requested, required 等)
＋that 从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词用“should ＋动词原
形”，should 可省略。如：It's required that the students (should) learn a foreign language.学生们被要求必须学一门外语。2．表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和
同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。这类名词
有：advice, suggestion, order, demand, request 等。如：He made the demand that we should go at once.＝His demand was that we should go at once.
他要我们马上就走。3．错综时间虚拟条件句 在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件句中从句和主句动作发生
的时间不一致，因此主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的
不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假若我不忙，我早就来了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)4.含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达，而是暗含在单词、
短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特
定的信息来决定需要采用的形式。如：(1)在不定式短语中To have studied harder, you would have passed the exam.(＝If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.) 你
学习要是更用功些，你早就考试及格了。(2)在分词短语中Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. ( ＝If Mary walked alone in the dark, she would be terrified.)
要是一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.( ＝If he had been born in better times, he would have been ascholar.)如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(3)在介词短语中Without air, no one could live.( ＝If there were no air, no onecould live.)没有空气，人就不能活。But for her help, he would have failed.(＝If it hadn't been forhis help, he would have failed.)要不是有她的帮助，他就失败了。(4)在连词(如 or, or else, otherwise 等)中I didn't know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn't havebelieved him.(or else＝if I had known he was a cheat)我不知道他
是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。I'm really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there withyou.(otherwise＝if I were not so busy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一起去了。5.as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句及 if only后的句子常用虚拟语气如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other forlong.他们开始热烈地谈论起来，好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come.
他咳嗽两声好像有人要来了。If only I were better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。6．It is (high, about) time...句型要用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high/about) time that＋主语＋动
词的过去式/should＋动词原形，表示“早该干某事而已经有些
晚了”。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time that you should go to work.
你早该上班了。一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1 ． If we ____________ (consult) him on the questionyesterday, we should know what to do now.2 ． We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we____________________ (telephone) him.3 ． It's very important that you ____________ (behave)yourself.4．The general made the order that all the soldiers __________(keep) silent.had consulted would have telephoned (should) behave (should) keep 5．Given the opportunity, he ___________________ (become)a successful singer.6．It's high time that some effective measures _____________(take) to stop the pollution.might have become should be taken二、完成句子1．Hurry up! It's time that _______________________ ( 我们该上学了)．2．Without your help, we __________________________ (不会完成工作) ahead of time. 3．It's suggested that ___________________________ (我们 明天去那里)．
4．He talks as if he ________________ (曾经出过国)．
5．______________________________________________(假若你服了药) yesterday, you would be all right now.we went/should go to school would not have finished the workwe (should) go there tomorrow had been abroad Had you taken the medicine/If you had taken the medicine课件7张PPT。Section ⅢUsing Language I think...try out his way too some time. 我想……今后也
试试他的方法。
1．try out 测试；试验；试用
典例 They are trying out the new method.
他们正在试验那种新方法。
They're trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。拓展 try (out) for 试图赢得；争取try on 试穿，试戴(衣服、帽子、鞋子等)
try one's best 尽某人最大的努力运用 完成句子①She enjoys ________________ ( 尝试) new ways of doingusual things.②________________ (试穿) the shoes before you buy them.trying out Try on Slowly the blackbird lets out a cry.慢慢地，黑鹂发出叫声。2．let out 发出；放走；泄露；释放典例 He let out a cry of pain.他大声喊疼。When the bird gets well, we let it out.
那只鸟复元后，我们就把它放走吧。He was let out of prison last week.
他上周被释放。拓展 (1)与 out 相关的短语：put out 熄灭
give out 分发carry out 执行，进行
die out 灭绝；消失
leave out 省略，忽略
(2)与 let 相关的短语：let alone 更不用说，更谈不上let down 把……放下；使某人失望运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空
①Would you ________________ the dog, please?
②He hasn't the funds to ________________ his design.③________________ the exam papers to the candidates,please.let out carry out Give out Slowly the old man carries his load.慢慢地，老人挑起他的重担。
3．load解析 (1)n.负担；(尤指沉重的)负荷物The good news has taken a load off my mind.
听到这个好消息我就放心了。(2)vt.装载；装货The dockers are loading the ship with coal.
码头工人正把煤装上船。拓展 take a load off sb's mind 消除某人的思想负担load sth.into/onto...把……装入到……
load...with...用……装载……运用 完成句子①These backpacks are designed to carry ________________(重物)．②She _________________ (把……放在我的盘子里) grapes.a heavy load loaded my plate with 课件7张PPT。Section ⅣWriting 如何写简单的英文诗
诗歌是语言的精华，它往往篇幅短小，但内涵很深；它能
让人心如止水，也能让人心潮澎湃。在各种语言文化中，诗歌
是文学最基础的叙述方式，也是最纯洁的叙述方式。因此我们
学习英语这门语言，就必然要接触到英文诗歌，从而欣赏到英
文诗歌的美妙。然而写诗歌，即使是简单的诗歌，对我们来说
都是具有挑战的一件事，因此我们可先学会仿写简单的英文诗
歌。学习本单元我们要注意以下几点：1.首先牢固掌握与本单元有关的诗歌方面的词汇，如韵律、押韵等。 2.背诵课文中的英语诗歌，正如我们在学习古诗时运用的
方法，“背过唐诗 300 首，不会写诗也会顺口溜”。在背诵的
同时，可细心体会其节奏感，观察其结构，研究各种修辞和表
现手法。 3.结合经历，大胆尝试。根据自己目前的实际语言能力，
可先从一些低韵律的诗歌开始，如本单元的清单诗。我们掌握
了 if 开头的结构(表示虚拟的假设)，我们可以模仿写出：If I were the teacher, headmaster, mayor...I would let thestudents...If I lived on the moon...I would stop it.
If I had been to...I would... 再者结合自己平时对生活的观察、人生的感悟。如我们写
Slowly the...，就尽量可联想到平时所见的一些缓慢动作。如：Slowly the couple begins to blame each other.
Slowly the red car pulls up before the house.
Slowly the teacher speaks to the class. 又如，当我们写 I feel happy when...，我们完全可以结合自
己感到高兴的场合：考试及格(pass the exam) ，得奖(win the
prize)，受表扬(be praised by...)等。4.反复朗读，不断修改。写好后自己朗读，检查是否有节奏。也可拿给家人或朋友评价，作相应的修改。 10 月 1 日，为了庆祝国庆节，我校举办了一场英语晚会，
进行抽签即兴做诗表演比赛。请利用本单元的单词、短语和句
型，写一首儿童诗歌。 抽签题目之一：利用 cat 和 rat 作一首诗：生活好了，猫吃
得多了，但是变懒了，也变胖了。相反，老鼠变得可爱了。
单词提示：always, study, a pat, dream, fish, Sunday, flower,tower, bed, every, dish, wish, shower, bed, fat, school, busy,
sleep要求：至少 3 段，每段 4 行。要尽量押韵和对仗。参考范文：
A cat is very rich.
Every hour he has a dish.
Every dish he eats a fish.
Every day he dreams a wish.
A rat is very poor.
Every hour he wears a flower.
Every flower he picks from a tower.
Every day he has a shower.
The cat becomes too fat.
He always sleeps in bed.
He can't catch a rat.
He just kills a fly with a pat.
The rat is busy on study.
He goes to school on Sunday.
He has won the first finally.课件34张PPT。Unit 3A healthy lifeSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading一、课文大意填空The passage is a letter which a (1)________ wrote to hisgrandson, (2)________．In this letter, the grandad explained how asmoker became (3)________ to cigarettes and why he should give
it up.Also the grandad sent some (4)________ to help him stop
smoking and (5)________ his resolve.grandad James addicted advice strengthen二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．Why does James' grandad write to James? ______
A．Because he wants to tell James his sports activities.
B．Because he wants to tell James his own experience.
C．Because he wants to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wants to help James get some information.
2．The phrase “due to” in the first paragraph probably means
________.A．butB．because ofC．thoughD．asC B 3 ． The first paragraph of the letter shows James' grandad________.A．lives a healthy lifeB．likes sitting in the garden
C．has nothing to do at homeD．is tired when returning from a long bike ride
4．According to the letter, James' grandad ________.
A．is lonelyB．sends some advice from the Internet to James
C．doesn't give up smoking nowD．used to be a member of the basketball teamA B 5．________ forced James' grandad to give up smoking.
A．That he was taken off the school football team
B．His girlfriend
C．His parentsD．That he ran too slowA三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格physically mentally effects pregnant determined help Here are a few to start you off... 这里有一些词可以帮助你开始……1．start sb.off 使某人开始(某事)典例 His father started him off working quite hard.
他的父亲使他开始非常勤奋地学习。拓展 start sb.off on sth./doing sth.使某人开始做某事start off 出发；动身start off...with...以……开始……运用 完成句子①He ________________ (使我开始学习) English with somesimple exercise.②I'll ask the driver what time we will ________________ (出发)．starts me off learning start off 2．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待典例 The book is about the abuse of power.
这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。He never abuses his privilege.他从不滥用特权。
拓展 drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse of power 滥用权力abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力运用 完成句子①The government has set up a working party to look into theproblem of ________________ (滥用毒品).②The ________________ (滥用权力) must be pu-nished.drug abuse abuse of power 3．stress解析 (1)n.压力；重音I can't bear the stresses and strains of modern life.
我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。(2)vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调He was being stressed before he gave his lecture.
演讲前的那一阵子他感到十分紧张。拓展 under the stress of 在……的压力下，为……所迫运用 完成句子① Some young people couldn't bear up ________________(在……的压力下) the modern life.② The weight of snow ________________ ( 加 压 力 于 ) theroof to the point of collapsing.under the stress of stressed Do you think smoking should be banned? 你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
4．ban解析 (1)vt.禁止；取缔The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政府已经禁止化学武器的使用。(2)n.禁令；谴责(常与 on/against 连用)The police lifted the ban against parking in the street.
警察取消了不准在这条街停车的禁令。拓展 ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事
运用 用合适的介词填空①He was banned ________ driving for three months after theaccident.②The government announced the ban ________ drink-driving(醉驾)．from on/againstI think my long and active life must be due to thehealthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我
的健康生活。5．due to 由于……解析 due to 常置于 be 动词之后作表语，通常不置于句首。如：His failure is due to the fact that he doesn't work hard.他的失败是由于没有努力工作造成的。运用 完成句子His absence is ________________ (由于) his illness.due to First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine,
which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. 首先你
身体会对尼古丁上瘾，尼古丁是香烟里成百种化学物质之一。
6．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的典例Many kids now have become addicted to surfing thenet.现在很多孩子沉迷于上网。
拓展 be/become addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于；嗜好
运用 完成句子
Some people have ___________________ (对……上瘾) drugs.been/become addicted to This means that after a while your body becomes
accustomed to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，
你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
7．become/be accustomed to (to 为介词)习惯于……典例He has become accustomed to doing morningexercises every day.他已经习惯于每天晨练。accustom sb./oneself to doing sth.使某人或自己习惯 拓展
于做某事运用 完成句子①Her eyes were quickly ________________ ( 习 惯 于 ) thedark.②You should ________________ ( 使 自 己 习 惯 ) the newenvironment as soon as possible.accustomed to accustom yourself to So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal
symptoms.所以当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱瘾
症状。
8．withdrawal n．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程典例I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。
The company made the withdrawal of the product from the
market.公司从市场上收回了这种产品。
His sudden withdrawal from the election surprised everyone.
他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。运用 完成句子He ___________________ (命令撤退) of all UN forces fromthe region.ordered the withdrawal I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficultto quit.我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要戒烟很
难。9．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 vi.停止；离开；辞职
典例 He has quit smoking.他已经戒烟了。The money is used to help smokers quit.
这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。
拓展 quit school 退学quit office 离职quit doing sth.(＝stop doing sth.) 停止做某事
be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人或某物运用 完成句子①I gave him money in order to ________________ ( 摆 脱他)．②I wish you'd better ________________ (停止说话)．be quit of him quit talking But I did finally manage.但是我最终还是做到了。10．助动词＋动词原形 解析 在“助动词(do/does/did)＋动词原形”中，助动词意
为“确实，的确”，常用于肯定句和祈使句中，用于加强语气。
如：You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
Do be careful！请务必小心仔细！
运用 完成句子Tom said he would come and he ________________ (确实来了)．did comeWhen I was young, I didn't know much about theharmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害
性我知道的并不多。11．effect n．结果；效力典例 The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.
这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。
拓展 in effect 事实上
take effect 生效，奏效come/go into effect 开始实施bring/put/carry...into effect 使实施，使生效have a good/bad effect on sth.对某物有好的(或坏的)影响
运用 完成句子①The drug ______________________ (立马见效) the pain.②The new tax regulations _________________ ( 开 始 实 施 )last month.③He told us he didn't like watching football match;________________ (事实上), he is a football fan.has an immediate effect on came/went into effect In effect/fact Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect
the health of non-smokers.我也不知道我自己吸烟还会损害那
些不吸烟的人的健康。
12．neither 引导的倒装句解析在本句中，neither 为否定副词，置于句首时主句要采用部分倒装，把助动词、be 动词或情态动词放在主语前面，
Neither did he hear anything about his grandpa from his
mother.
他也没有从母亲那里听到有关祖父的任何事情。拓展 部分倒装的情况还有： (1) 句首为否定或半否定的词 ，如 no, not, never, barely,
seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time, in no way, not until 等。
如：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。(2)only 位于句首且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要倒装。如：Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有当他病得很严重时，他才会待在床上。Only after the accident did he realize the importance of life.只有在那次车祸后，他才意识到生命的重要性。 (3)so 用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“so＋助动词
/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”结构(有时也用 as 代替)；若表示另
一主语“也不”时，用“nor/neither＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词
＋主语”结构。如：She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching.So is he.
她是一位教师并且很喜欢教学。而他也如此。
运用 完成句子①I didn't go there, ________________ (玛丽也没去)．
②My father lives a healthy life, ________________ ( 我母亲也是)．③Only being ill ________________ ( 他 才 开 始 ) give upsmoking.neither/nor did Mary so does my motherdid he begin to Decide on a day to quit.确定一个开始戒烟的日子。13．decide on/upon 对……作出决定典例 Don't decide on/upon important matters too quickly.
不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作出决定。
拓展 decide to do sth.决定做某事decide against sth./doing sth.决定不做某事
decide that-clause 决定……运用 完成句子①She has ________________ ( 对 …… 作 出 决 定 ) art as acareer.②I ________________ (决定去旅行) to another city.decided on/upon decide to travel Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remindyourself that you are a non-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，你
就提醒你自己：你已经是一个不吸烟的人了。
14．feel like (doing) 想要(做)……典例 I feel like doing something different today.
我今天想做点别的事情。Do you feel like a cup of coffee?
你想来杯咖啡吗？拓展 would like to do sth.想要做某事prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事运用 完成句子I don't ________________ (想喝) tea.feel like drinkingDo not be disappointed if you have to try several timesbefore you finally stop smoking.如果你要经过多次戒烟才能最
后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。15．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的典例 I was more disappointed than discouraged.
我不是泄气，而是失望。拓展 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望
be disappointed at/about/with sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed that-clause 对……失望运用 完成句子①Tom wasn't ________________ ( 对听到 …… 感到失望 )the news.②When I ________________ ( 感 到 沮 丧 ), I often listen tomusic.disappointed to hear feel disappointedIf you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feelashamed.如果你意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
16．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的典例 You should be ashamed of yourself!
你应该为自己感到羞耻！拓展 be ashamed of (doing) sth.对某事感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth.为做某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed that-clause 对……感到羞耻运用 完成句子①She was ________________ (羞愧于告诉) her mother thatshe had failed the exam.②I was ________________ (对……感到羞愧) my behaviorat that time.ashamed to tell ashamed of课件16张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageIn spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管他努力了，他还是失败了。1．in spite of 不顾；不管解析 in spite of 为介词短语，相当于介词 despite。如：He persisted in carrying on the experiment in spite of all kindsof setbacks.尽管遇到很多挫折， 他仍坚持做实验。
运用 完成句子He continued with his plan to build a flying machine,________________ (不管) the mockery (嘲笑) of his friends.in spite of He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead
of taking risks.他觉得自己必须每一步都要下定决心，而不是冒
险。
2．make up one's mind 下定决心；打定主意典例If he once makes up his mind to do something, he willnever give up.
他一旦下了决心要干，他就不会放弃。
拓展 make up 补足；编造；组成
make up for 补偿
make up to 接近；巴结运用 完成句子①They have ________________ ( 下定决心 ) to stay inBritain.②Helen always ________________ ( 编造 ) fun stories tomake us laugh.made up their mind makes up3．take risks (a risk) 冒险典例 You can't get rich without taking risks.
人不冒险不富。拓展 take/run risks in sth./of doing sth./to do sth.
冒险做某事运用 完成句子I couldn't ___________________________ (冒险留下) him alone.take a risk/risks of leaving/to leave Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not toget into the habit in the first place！当然，对付这些毒品最好的
方法就是一开始就不要染上坏习惯！
4．get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
典例 We get into trouble sometime.
我们有时会遇到麻烦。He gets into the habit of riding a bike to go to school.
他养成骑车去上学的习惯。拓展 get/fall into the habit of 养成……习惯get into trouble 惹上麻烦
get into debt 负债累累get into a temper 大发脾气运用 完成句子①It's easy to ________________ ( 染上……习惯) smoking,but difficult to quit.②Thomas seems to ________________ (惹上麻烦)．get into the habit of get into trouble it 的用法Ⅰ
一、代词 it1．用作人称代词，指代前文提到的事物、动物、婴儿或性别不明的人等。如：I dropped my watch onto the floor and it broke.
我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
—Where is the dog? 狗在哪？
—It's in the bedroom.在卧室里。Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩？There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.
有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。2 ． 用 作 代 替 指 示 代 词 this, that 以 及 复 合 不 定 代 词something, anything, nothing 等。如：—Whose dictionary is that？那是谁的字典？
—It's John's.是约翰的。Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗？3．用作非人称代词作主语时，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、季节、气候及温度等自然现象。如：
It's too late to go there now.现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。
It can get very hot here.这里有时会很热。二、引导词 it1．it 作形式主语的用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，
通常在句首用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。(1)代替动词不定式作形式主语。如：
It's a pity to refuse.拒绝是令人遗憾的。It's very important to remember this.
记住这一点很重要。注意：此种情况常用于以下句型中：
①It＋be＋adj./n.(for/of sb.) to do sth.
②It takes sb.some time to do sth.
③It is up to sb.to do sth.(2)代替动名词作形式主语。如：It's no use saying any more about it.
再谈这事没有用。It's hard work climbing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。
(3)代替从句作形式主语。如：It's not known where she went.
她到哪里去了没人知道。It's unknown when he will come.
他什么时候来还不知道。注意：此种情况常用于以下句型中：①It is said/reported/believed/understood that...②It looks/seems/appears/happens/occurs that (as if)...2．it 作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词或从句等复杂成分作宾语时，通常会用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。 (1)不定式、动名词或从句作某些动词(如 make, think, find,
consider, feel, suppose 等)的宾语且后跟宾语补足语时，常用 it
作形式宾语。其结构为“谓语＋it＋宾补＋不定式/动名词/从
句”。如：I find it easy to get on with her.我发现跟她相处很容易。I think it a great honour to be invited to the Olympic Games inLondon.我认为被邀请参加伦敦奥运会是一种荣幸。 (2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词(如 like, enjoy, love,
prefer, hate, appreciate 等)往往用 it 作形式宾语，后接 if/when 等
引导的从句。如：I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。 (3)that 引导的宾语从句在某些短语( 如 ask for, depend on,
answer for, insist on, see to 等)后作宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语。
如：See to it that you're not late again.
注意千万不要再迟到。I can't answer for it that he will come.
我不能保证他会来。(4)在由及物动词与介词构成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语，需借用 it 作形式宾语。如：I owe it to you that I am still alive.
多亏有你我才活着。I took it for granted that he would help us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。一、完成句子1 ．I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don't haveenough money to ________________ (买它)．2．We think ________________ (是我们的义务) to clean ourclassroom every day.3．________________ ( 这是) half an hour's walk to the citycenter.4．—Who is making such a noise?—________________ (一定是) children.5．She ________________ (讨厌) when you use her book.buy it it our duty It's It must be hates it二、把下列各句转换成 it 作形式主语的句子1．He was rude to say so.______________________________________________________2．Trying again is of use.______________________________________________________3．To say is easy, but to do is difficult.______________________________________________________4．Some people say that more than 100 people died in the airaccident.______________________________________________________5．When and where to hold the party hasn't been decided.______________________________________________________It was rude of him to say so.It is of use trying again.It is easy to say, but it is difficult to do.It is said that more than 100 people died in the air accident.It hasn't been decided when and where to hold the party.课件6张PPT。Section ⅢUsing Language HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK？艾滋病病毒/艾滋病：
你是否面临危险？
1．at risk解析at risk 意为“处境危险；遭受危险”，相当于 indanger。该短语属于“介词＋名词”结构，表示“处于……状
态”，多与 be 动词连用。如：
Millions of lives are at risk because of food shortages.因为食
物短缺，好几百万人处于危险中。拓展 表示“处于……状态”的短语有：at ease 轻松
at war 在打仗
at table 在吃饭
in peace 安详地
on duty 值日at peace 处于和平状态
at school 在上学
in trouble 处于困境中
in a hurry 匆忙地
on strike 罢工 运用 完成句子
①The disease is spreading, and all the children under five
________________ (处境危险) in this country.
②The world isn't ________________ (处于和平状态)．Some
countries are always ______________ (在打仗)．are at risk at peaceat war It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that
a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，
人才会显出病态。
2．It is/was...that/who...解析“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who”用来引导强调句，其特点就是当把这个强调结构去掉后，剩下的部分在语法
结构和句子含义上仍然是一个完整的句子。强调句可强调句子
的主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语(形容
词或名词充当)。如：It was Mr.Johnson that/who left all his money to his wife in1840.是约翰逊先生于 1840 年将全部财产留给他的妻子。(强调主语)It is the youngest son that the father scolded strictly.父亲严厉批评的是那个最小的儿子。(强调宾语)It was in the morning that I met the person again.我是在早上再次碰到那个人的。(强调状语)
运用 完成句子It's ________________ (在这间教室) that Lily often studies.in the classroom Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose theirfriends because of prejudice.不幸的是，HIV 病毒的携带者有时
会由于偏见而失去朋友。3．prejudice n．偏见；成见典例 Pride and Prejudice is one of my favourite novels.
《傲慢与偏见》是我最喜欢的小说之一。
拓展 (1)prejudice against 对……的偏见We shouldn't have a prejudice against those of a differentcolor of skin.我们不应该对不同肤色的人有偏见。(2)to the prejudice of 不利于，有损于Harry continued to smoke, to the prejudice of his health. 哈里继续吸烟，这有损于他的健康。运用 用 prejudice 及其构成短语的适当形式填空①They accused him of having a ________________ hiswomen employees.②Jim will do nothing ________________ his brother in thismatter.prejudice against to the prejudice of课件8张PPT。Section ⅣWriting 如何写劝告信
本单元的写作体裁是劝告信。作为书信的一种，除遵循常
规的书写格式外，劝告信也有其特殊性。一、写劝告信时需要注意的几点要求1．态度要诚恳 劝告信主要体现在“劝”上，它常常用于劝说对方改正错
误以及不良的习惯、放弃错误的决定或行为，也可以劝说别人
采取某种行动。因而，它要求劝说者的语气要做到委婉有礼、
态度诚恳，让对方体会到你的关爱，感觉到你是在设身处地为
其着想或是出于善意、公正、负责任的心理。2．切中要害 劝告信不仅要“动之以情”，更要“晓之以理”。首先，
我们可以换位思考找出对方问题所在。然后，以对方可以接受
的方式指出问题的后果与危害，起到劝告的作用(如：Advicefrom Grandad)3．让具体事实说话 劝说的成功与否还取决于信中所列的事例是否真实可信。
我们应举出与存在问题相似的例子，使劝告建立在有理有据的
基础上，以便使对方心悦诚服。4．提出切实可行的建议 帮人帮到底，在劝说的同时给对方提出具体的建议，让对
方看到问题的解决方法与希望，从而树立改正错误的决心。二、常用的表示劝告、提议的句型和短语How/What about...?
I think you ought to...
Perhaps you should...You'd better (not)…You need/needn't...
I suggest you that...
Do/Don't...You don't have to...It's (not) a good idea...
It's OK/all right to...
My advice is that...
In my opinion...请你以“如何取得好成绩”为主题，根据以下的内容提示写一篇英语短文。[写作内容]1．必须学会管理时间。2．要在弱势科目上多花时间。
3．不要熬夜学习。 4．学会放松，劳逸结合才能取得好成绩。
[写作要求]1．只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容；2．短文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总句数。Dear Daisy，
About how to improve academic performance, here is my
advice：
__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
In my opinion, if you love study and care about it, you canfind the bestmethod by yourself.Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Ben参考范文：
Dear Daisy，
About how to improve academic performance, here is my advice：
First of all, you need to have a good management of your time.I often spend the longest time on my weakest subject, Maths.I do many exercises to practice, and for the rest subjects, I follow a schedule I've made.Besides, I don't sleep late at night to make sure that I can pay much attention to lessons during the day. In addition to studying hard, you'd better learn to relax yourself, for combining work with rest can help you get good marks.
In my opinion, if you love study and care about it, you can find the best method by yourself.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Ben
课件36张PPT。Unit 4Global warmingSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading一、课文大意填空From the passage we know that the (1)__________ of the earthis on (2)________ ．At the same time, this passage also shows uspeople's (3)________ ideas about (4)________ warming, and
analyses the reasons for global warming and the possible impact
based on (5)________ and data.temperature rise different global graphs 二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1 ． Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere from 1957 to 1977? _____A．Dr Janice Foster.
C．George Hambley.B．Charles Keeling.
D．Sophie Armstrong. 2．Dr Janice Foster believes that global warming is caused by
________.A．burning fossil fuels
C．water vaporB．green house
D．natural gasB A 3．The author probably agrees that ________.
A．actually global warming is good for manB．we should do nothing about the global warmingC．catastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warming
D ．a lot remains to be found out about the effects of globalwarmingD 4．Which is NOT the effect of global warming? ______
A．The sea level will rise.
B ．Severe storms, droughts, famines, the spread of di-seases,
and destruction of species will happen.
C．Crops will produce less.
D．Plants will grow faster.
5．What is the main idea of the passage? _____A．Global warming.
C．Economic crisis.B．Air pollution.
D．Tsunamis.C A 三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格The different ideas between Dr Janice Foster & GeorgeHambleygo up catastrophe serious positive more greater So how has this come about and does it matter？这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？
1．come about 发生；造成典例 Do you know how the accident came about?
你知道车祸是怎么发生的吗？
拓展 come along 一起来；进展come across (偶然)遇见
come up 发生；举行
come up with 提出come out 出现；出版；(消息)传开；(观点)公开运用 用 come 及其构成短语的适当形式填空①I'm going to see a movie today. Do you want to _________？②An earthquake ________________ in that country twomonths ago.③Her wedding is ________________ soon.④It was getting dark and the moon was ________________.
⑤I ________________ a friend in KFC yesterday.come along came about coming up coming out came across There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer
(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this
global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见表 1)，但全球变暖是人为的，而不
是随意的自然现象。
2．There is no doubt that...解析There is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”，that引导的从句为名词 doubt 的同位语从句，进一步解释“怀疑”
的具体内容。如：
There is no doubt that shortsightedness is a serious problem
among the youth of our country.
毫无疑问，近视在我国年轻人中是一个严重的问题。运用 完成句子________________ (毫无疑问) you'll be warmly welcomed.There is no doubt that All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in
the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels likecoal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都赞
成这个观点，人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气
和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。3．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助典例 He didn't subscribe to my proposal.
他不赞同我的建议。He subscribed his name to the form.他在表上签了名。
拓展 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购，订阅运用 完成句子①I have never ________________ ( 同 意 ) the view thatschooldays are the happiest days of your life.②The lawyer invited his client to ________________ ( 签署)the affidavit (宣誓书)．subscribed to subscribeThe problem begins when we add huge quantities ofextra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增
加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
4．quantities of 大量的 解析 quantities of 表示“大量的”，既可用来修饰可数名
词复数，也可用来修饰不可数名词，其谓语动词要用复数。如：
Quantities of paper products are produced in this factory.这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。Trees can give off quantities of water every day.
树木每天可以释放出大量的水分。拓展 (1)a quantity of 大量的(后接谓语动词用单数)
in quantity 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地(2)表示“大量的”的常用短语有：
①只可修饰可数名词：many, many a ( 谓语动词用单数 ), a great/good many, agreat/large number of/numbers of②只可修饰不可数名词：much, a great/large amount of/amounts of, a good/great dealof③既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：a lot of/lots of, a quantity of/quantities of, plenty of运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空①Quantities of food ________ (be) put on the table.
②A large quantity of apples ________ (be) sold out.are/were is/was It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped inthe atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味
着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
5．tend解析 (1)vi.趋向；易于；照顾Old people tend to get fat.老年人容易发胖。(2)vt.照顾；护理She is good at tending little children.
她擅长照看小孩。拓展 tend to do sth.倾向做某事
tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth.照顾某人/某物
运用 完成句子①We hire a girl to __________________ ( 照顾孩子们) for afew hours each day.②The drug is effective but ________________ ( 易于) causeheadaches.tend (to) the children tends to 6．go up 上升；增长；升起典例 Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up.
水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。
拓展 go by 经过；消失go down 下降；下沉go over 复习；仔细检查
go through 经历；遭受
go on 发生；继续运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空①We hope the water level in Changjiang River will stop________________.②You're supposed to ________________ the goods beforeyou sign.going up go over They also agree that it is the burning of more and more
fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dio-xide.他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致
了二氧化碳的增加。
7．result in 导致典例 Our actions can result in disaster.
我们的行为会引起灾难。辨析 result in/result from(1)result in 意为“导致；结果是”，指引起某种结果，即主语是因，宾语是果。如：Any of these may result in serious injury or death.
这些中的任何一个都会导致严重的伤害或死亡。(2)result from 意为“起因于”，指某种结果起因于某事，即主语是果，宾语是因。如：Two conclusions result from this fact.
从这一事实中可以得出两个结论。运用 用上面所提供的辨析短语的适当形式填空①The flood ________________ a considerable decrease inproduction.②His failure________________ not working hard enough.resulted in resulted from On the other hand, there are those, like George
Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we
should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面，还有一些人，像乔治·汉布利，他们反对上面的观
点，认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
8．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量典例 His motion was opposed by most directors.
他的提议遭到了大多数董事的反对。拓展 oppose oneself against/to...(使)某人反对……be opposed to 反对……运用 完成句子①His parents were ________________ (反对) their son's rushdecision.②The young man _____________________ ( 使他自己反对 )the new policy on behalf of his group.opposed to opposed himself to/againstThey predict that any warming will be mild with fewbad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会
很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
9．consequence n．结果；后果；影响典例 Such a mistake may lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能会导致灾难性的后果。
拓展 as a/in consequence 因而；结果
in consequence of 由于……的缘故take the consequences (of) 承担(某事的)后果
of little consequence 意义不大，无足轻重运用 完成句子①________________ (结果), the man failed in the game.
②The cake went bad ________________ (由于……) the hotweather.③The confident girl thinks that beauty ________________(意义不大) to her.As a/In consequence in consequence ofis of little consequence “...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of
which will make life for human beings better.” “……它还会
促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
10．range解析 (1)n.种类；范围There is a full range of activities for children.
这里给孩子们提供各种活动。She has a wide rang of interest.
她有广泛的兴趣爱好。(2)v.排列；归类于；变化；延伸The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.
卡片以字母顺序排列。The prices of leather shoes range from 100 to 250 dollars.皮鞋的价格从 100 美元到 250 美元不等。拓展 in/within the range of 在……的范围内in range with 和……并列
a range of 一系列的；一排range from...to...在……到……范围内运用 完成句子① The watches ________________ ( 在 这 个 范 围 内 ) arepriced at 24.50 dollars.②The show had a massive audience, ____________________(范围从孩子到) grandparents.③I offered her ________________ (一系列的) opinions.within/in this range ranging from children to a range of Greenhouse gases continue to build up in theatmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。11．build up 聚集；集结；增强；建立典例 The clouds are building up.乌云正在聚集起来。The weightlifting built up his body.
举重增强了他的体质。She built up my confidence.她帮我树立了信心。
拓展 build on 加/扩建；建立在……(基础)上 运用 完成句子
①Many a big business has been ________________ ( 聚 集 )
from small ones.②Thecompanydonated1milliondollarsto________________ (增强) its honour.
③You can ________________ ( 建 立 在 …… 基 础 上 ) what
other people did, and provide things for other people to
________________ (在……基础上构建)．built up build up build on build on Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep onwarming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳
和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候
仍会持续转暖。
12．even if 解析 even if 意为“即使”，相当于 even though，用于引
导让步状语从句。若从句所假设的事情难以实现，则从句的谓
语动词要用虚拟语气。如：We'll go even if it rains.即使下雨我们也要去。Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure hestole it.就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。运用 完成句子________________ ( 即 使 ) it will take me six weeks, I amdetermined to finish the task.Even if/though13．keep on解析 keep on sth./doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。如：They kept on working after dark.天黑后他们还继续工作。If we keep on our way for another hour, we should reach thevillage.如果再继续向前走一小时， 我们就到那个村子了。
拓展 keep off 躲开，避开keep to 坚持，信守keep up 保持良好状态；保持；继续；不落后，赶得上
keep one's feet 站稳，不跌倒辨析 keep on doing/keep doing(1)keep on doing 强调“继续干某事”，其动作是时断时续的，常与表示短暂动作的动词连用。如：She kept on asking me what the time was.
她一直在问我几点了。(2)keep doing 强调“不间断地或持续地做”，常与表示延续动作的动词与静止状态的动词连用。如：
The machine kept running.机器一直在运转。运用 用上面所提供的辨析短语的适当形式填空①Though it was raining, they ________________ reaping (收割) the rice.②I ________________ standing in the train all the way.kept on kept课件14张PPT。 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
a general tendency in the way a situation is changing 形
势变化的总的趋势
1．tendency n．倾向；趋势典例There is a growing tendency for people to work athome instead of in offices.
人们在家里而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。拓展 tendency (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事的倾向tendency towards/to sth.……的倾向/趋势运用 完成句子①He has __________________ ( 逃跑的倾向) standing on thestage facing so many people.②The ______________________ ( 和平的趋势) can be seenclearly now.a tendency to run away tendency towards/to peace On the whole the warming of the earth is a
phenomenon that causes great concern.地球变暖基本上是一个
引起巨大关注的现象。
2．on the whole 大体上；基本上典例No citizens pay attention to the effects they have onthe environment on the whole.
基本上，没有市民去关注他们对环境造成的影响。
拓展 as a whole 作为一个整体；整体来看
the whole of 整个……运用 用 whole 构成的短语填空
①This article is well written ________________.②Wemustlookattheeducationalproblem________________.
③________________ the morning was wasted trying to find
the documents.on the whole as a whole The whole of Low-lying countries feel their very existence is indanger from rising sea levels.低洼的国家感到他们完全生存在
海平面上升的危险中。
3．existence解析 existence 是动词 exist 的名词形式，多用作不可数名词，表示“生存；存在”。如：It's impossible to prove the existence of God.
无法证明上帝的存在。拓展 in existence 存在的；现有的come into existence (＝come into being) 产生；成立
bring/call...into existence 使……产生/成立运用 完成句子①This is the tallest building ________________ ( 现有的) inthe world.②The company________________ (成立) 20 years ago.in existence came into existence it 的用法Ⅱ 本单元的语法点是 it 引导的强调句。it 可以用来对句子的
某一成分进行强调，其基本句型结构为“It is/was＋被强调的成
分＋that/who/whom＋其他成分”。该结构的强调成分仅限于主
语、宾语和状语。1．强调主语It was I that/who met Jack on the way to school this morning.是我今天早晨在上学的路上碰到了杰克。2．强调宾语或介宾It is Mary who/whom/that you should ask.
你应该问的是玛丽。It was to me that she gave the money.她那钱是给我的。3．强调状语(1)强调地点状语It was in Shanghai that I studied four years ago.
我四年前就是在上海读书。
(2)强调时间状语It was four years ago that I studied in Shanghai.
就在四年前我在上海读书。
(3)强调方式状语It was in this way that they won the game.
就是用这种方法他们赢得了比赛。注意： (1)强调人时，连接词可用 that，也可用 who (作从句的主语)
或 whom (作从句的宾语)；强调物或状语时，连接词只能用 that。
(2)原句的谓语动词时态是过去时，用“It was...”，其余用“Itis...”。如：It is English that Mr.Wang teaches us.
王老师教我们的是英语。It was English that Mr.Wang taught us last year.
王老师去年教我们的是英语。(3)从结构上看，把强调句的结构去掉，剩下的仍是完整的句子。 (4)强调句的一般疑问句为“Is/Was it...that...”；否定句为“It
isn't/wasn't...that...”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋
that...”。如：Is it tomorrow that we will have a meeting?
是不是明天我们将有一个会议？It isn't tomorrow but the day after tomorrow that we will havea meeting.不是明天而是后天我们将有一个会议。When was it that you caught a cold?
你究竟是什么时候感冒的？一、完成句子 1 ． ________________ along the Mississippi River
________________ ( 正 是 ) Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood.2．What ________________ (是) his daughter needs most?
3 ．It was Mike and Jim ________________ ( 帮 助) the oldman last week.4 ． It ________________ ( 是 她 ) people took to a nearbyhospital last night.5．It was ________________ he came back ______________(直到……才) he knew the news.It was that is it that who/that helped was her that/whom not until that二、句型转换1．It was at 9 that I called you yesterday.(对画线部分提问)______________________________________________________2．I visited the museum with Mary on Sunday.(强调句，强调时间状语)______________________________________________________3．I often help my mother with the housework.(强调句，强调宾语)______________________________________________________When was it that you called me yesterday? It was on Sunday that I visited the museum with Mary. It is my mother that/who/whom I often help with the housework.4 ． It was not until ten o'clock last night that my fatherreturned.(陈述句)______________________________________________________5．It's the third time that I have been here.(强调句的一般疑问句)______________________________________________________My father didn't return until ten o'clock last night. Is it the third time that you have been here?课件9张PPT。Section ⅢUsing Language I am doing a project on behalf of my school about
glo-bal warming.我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题。
1．on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人典例We attended the global meeting on behalf of ourcountry.我们代表我们国家参加了这次全球会议。on one's behalf (＝on behalf of sb.)代表某人；作为某 拓展
人的代言人运用 完成句子I will take part in the English speaking competition________________ (代表) my school.on behalf of There are many people who have a commitment like
yours, but they do not believe they have the power to doanything to improve our environment.有很多人跟你有同感，但
是他们却不相信自己有能力来改变环境。
2．commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉典例 His political commitment is only skin-deep.
他政治上的承诺只是表面文章。拓展 make a commitment to sb.向某人作出承诺
运用 完成句子She doesn't want to ________________________ (对……作出任何承诺) him.make any commitment to We do not have to put up with pollution.我们不必去忍
受污染。
3．put up with 忍受；容忍
典例 I cannot put up with my noisy roommates.
我忍受不了我那吵闹的室友们。拓展 put away 收好put up 搭建；张贴put down 放下；记下；平息 put out 扑灭put on 穿上put off 推迟运用 完成句子①I wonder how you ________________ (忍受) her.②She washed the cups and ________________ (把它们收好了)．③________________ (放下) that book and help your motherwith the housework.put up with put them away　 Put downIt is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long asyou are using it—if not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你
便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
4．so long as 只要解析 so long as 意为“只要”，用来引导条件状语从句，相当于 as long as。如：We can arrange everything so long as we have enough time.只要有足够的时间，我们就能安排一切。运用 完成句子________________ ( 只要) you are happy, I will accompanyyou for ever.So/As long asRecycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers ifcircumstances allow you to.如果情况允许，可以把罐头盒、瓶
子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用。
5．circumstance n．环境；情况典例 He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
他做此事是为环境所迫。拓展 in/under no circumstances
在任何情况下决不；无论如何不in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然这样运用 完成句子①___________________________ ( 在这种情况下 ) he felt hecouldn't accept this requirement.②_______________________ ( 在任何情况下都不能 ) shouldyou lend Paul any money.In/Under the circumstancesIn/Under no circumstances Remember—your contribution counts! 记住，你的贡献
是很有价值的！
6．contribution n．贡献解析contribution 意为“贡献”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，常构成短语 make a contribution/contributions to
sth./doing sth.如：
Robots can make a contribution to finish tough work. 机器能
为完成艰难工作做出贡献。
运用 完成句子
The invention of paper was __________________ (对……的一
大贡献) human civilization.a great contribution to 课件4张PPT。Section ⅣWriting 如何写英文海报
海报(poster)多是宣传广告，其内容是向广大群众提供球
讯、影讯及演出动态等消息。海报的语言要力求简洁、通俗易
懂，并且要公布时间与地点。
海报的写作格式为：
标题：写在第一行正中间，若无具体内容可直接写
“Poster”。
正文：写在标题的下一行，内容包括写海报的目的、时间、
地点等，最后要在海报右下角写上海报发出者的名称。 为了响应学校发出的“保护环境”的号召，在第一中学上
学的你和你的同学决定在学校组织一次环保活动。请根据以下
的内容提示，以第一中学的名义制作一个环保海报。
[写作内容]1．活动时间：2012 年 11 月 10 日
2．活动内容：(1)打扫校园，捡垃圾；
(2)回收各种瓶子和废纸；
(3)在校园里种树；(4)修理坏掉的水龙头和灯；(5)开展一次有关环保的演讲比赛。[写作要求]1．句子结构准确，内容完整；2．可以适当的增加细节，使内容连贯；
3．题目已给出。Poster______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________参考范文：
Poster
In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”， we decide to organize an activity in our school.On November 10, 2012, we will take action to make our school more beautiful.First, we will clean our school and pick up all the rubbish.Also we will recycle cans and waste paper.Then we're going to plant more trees and repair broken taps and lights in our school.Finally, we shall have a speech competition on environment protection.Our activity will begin at 8 on the morning of November 10 in our school.Every student is welcome to join us!
No.1 Middle School课件27张PPT。Unit 5The power of natureSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading一、课文大意填空 The writer told us the importance of the job as a
volcanologist.Twenty years ago he was (1)___________ as a
volcanologist, collecting information for a (2)__________ about
Mount Kilauea.He described the process of the (3)___________ to
us.He said the most important thing about the job of avolcanologist was to protect people from (4)__________．appointed database eruption volcanoes 二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案1．The main purpose of the writer's job is ________.
A．to collect the information about Mount KilaueaB ． to collect and evaluate the information about MountKilaueaC．to help other scientists to predict the trend of the lava
D．to meet local people and touristsC 2．When was the writer appointed as a volcanologist? ______
A．Ten years ago.B．For more than ten years.
C．Less than twenty years.
D．Twenty years ago.3 ． Why does the lava that flows slowly down the mountiancause far more damage than the boiling rock that erupts from the
volcano? ____A．Because it buries everything in its path.B．Because most people live near the top of Mount Kilauea.
C．Because lava is in a higher temperature.
D．Because people can't leave the house.D A 4．Where did the writer have his first sight of the eruption? ___
A．The bedroom.B．The top of the Mount Kilauea.
C．The back garden.
D．The office.5．Why were the writer and two other scientists driven up themountain the day after the eruption? ___A．To save the people on the mountain.B．To protect the plants and animals on the mountain.
C．To watch the fantastic sight.D．To collect some lava for later study.C D 三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格fast path bright eruption fountainingair amazed potential It shows a volcano erupting.它展示了一座火山的爆发。1．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生典例 It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted.
维苏威火山上一次爆发至今已有很多年了。Violence has erupted on the street.
大街上突然发生了暴乱。拓展 erupt into (＝burst into) 爆发成；发出运用 完成句子①An active volcano ________________ ( 可能喷发) at anytime in this area.②A regional conflict would ________________ ( 演 变 成 )violent warfare.could erupt erupt into Have you ever considered how weak humans are
compared with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？你是否想
过与火山、飓风或地震相比，人类是何等脆弱？
2．compared with/to 和……比起来典例His home is a palace compared with/to our poor littlehouse.
他家和我们贫穷的小房子相比简直就是宫殿。
辨析 compared with/compare...to.../compare...with...
(1)compared with/to 意为“与……比起来”，在句中作状
语。如：
Compared with/to Class One's classroom, Class Two's is
spacious.
跟一班教室比起来，二班教室比较宽敞。(2)compare...to...意为“把……比喻成……”，侧重指两者间的相似点。如：We compare teachers to gardeners and students to flowers. 我们把老师比作园丁，把学生比作花朵。(3)compare...with...意为“把……与……作比较”，侧重指两者之间的区别。如：Never compare your advantages with other's shortcomings. 切勿拿自己的优点跟别人的缺点相比。运用 用上面所提供的辨析短语的适当形式填空①He ________________ the girl ________________ themoon in the poem.②________________ him, you are lucky.③________________ this ________________ that one, andyou will see which is better.compared to Compared to/with Compare with I travel to unusual places and work alongside peoplefrom all over the world.我跑的是不同寻常的地方，和我一起工
作的人来自世界各地。
3．alongside解析 (1)prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边The boat pulled up alongside the dock.
那条船在码头旁停靠。(2)adv.在旁边；沿着边The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下。运用 完成句子①The man stopped ________________ (在河边)．②He is the master of the car stopped ______________ (在旁边)．alongside the river alongside I was appointed as a volcanologist working for theHawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 二十
年前我被任命为在夏威夷火山观测站工作的火山学家。
4．appoint vt.任命；委派典例 He was appointed mayor of the city.
他被任命为市长。拓展 appoint sb.as...任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do 指派某人做
运用 完成句子They ________________ (任命他为) their new manager.appointed him as Having collected and evaluated the information, I help
other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flownext and how fast.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科
学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
5．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
典例 Let's evaluate the evidence.
让我们评估一下此证据的价值。The school has only been open for six months, so it's too earlyto evaluate its success.这所学校开办才不过六个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。拓展 evaluate one's ability 评估某人的能力evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量运用 完成句子①Before you appoint her as your assistant, you'd better________________ (评估一下她的能力)．②It's too late to ________________ ( 评 定 结 果 ) of theexperiment.evaluate her ability evaluate the result 6．现在分词的完成时作状语 解析 本句中的 having collected and evaluated the information
是现在分词的完成时作时间状语，表明所表示的动作发生在主
句动作之前，相当于 As I had collected and evaluated...。如：
Having finished the homework, he went to play basketball. 做完功课后，他去打篮球。运用 完成句子________________ ( 等候了) for an hour, she met her son inthat prison finally.Having waited Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the
way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burnedto the ground.遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经
之路，因此许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
7．out of the/one's way 不挡道；不碍事；躲开
典例 Please keep/stay out of the way.请让开。If Uncle Tom had been drinking, I kept out of his way.如果汤姆大叔一直在喝酒，我就躲开他。拓展 in the way 挡道；碍事on one's/the way 在路上
by the way 顺便问/提一下
by way of 经过，途经
in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 绝不运用 完成句子①The soldier nodded slightly, and moved ________________(让开) to let them through.②Don't stop here.It's ________________ (挡道)．out of the way　 in the way 8．burn to the ground 全部焚毁典例 The Sunlight Hotel had been burnt to the ground.
阳光旅馆被烧毁了。拓展 burn up 烧起来；烧得更旺；烧尽，烧毁burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光
burn out 烧光；烧毁burn down 烧光；火力减弱burn oneself out 耗尽精力；精疲力竭 运用 完成句子
①The tall building ____________________ (全部烧毁) as a
result of the big fire.②Heputmorewoodonthefiretomakeit________________ (烧得更旺)．was burnt to the ground burn up The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the
mountain causes far more damage because it buries everythingin its path under the molten rock.而顺着山坡向下流的火山熔
岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山熔岩流经的地方，一
切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。
9．wave解析 (1)n.波浪；波涛The waves were beating on the shore.波涛拍岸。
(2)vi.波动；飘动；起伏；挥手The flag waved in the breeze.
旗帜在微风中飘扬。拓展 wave aside 对……置之不理；不理会wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别
wave off 挥手告别wave down 挥手示意停下；挥手叫停运用 完成句子① Standing at the edge of the cliff she can see________________ (波浪) crashing below.②My mother was crying as I ________________ ( 向……挥手告别) her.the waves waved goodbye to It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly
made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into
the red, boiling centre.穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我
们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾
的中央。
10．make one's way 前往解析make one's way 常与介词或副词 to/towards, through,forward, along 等连用。如：
He made his way towards the filling station.
他向加油站走去。拓展 make way for 为……让路或让位give way to 向……屈服/让步
feel one's way 摸索前进
lose one's way 迷路fight one's way 杀出/开出一条路运用 完成句子I ________________ (沿着……走) the road.made my way along The other two climbed down into the crater to collect
some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I
stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收
集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在
山顶上观察他们。
11．独立主格结构作状语解析this being my first experience 是独立主格结构，在句中作状语，代词 this 与现在分词 being 之间存在逻辑上的主谓
关系，可改为状语从句“As this was my first experience...”。如：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
因为没有公交车，所以我们不得不走路回家。运用 完成句子( 瞪 着 ) him, he didn't know The girl ________________
what to say.staring at 课件14张PPT。 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
The teacher was given the job because he was the best
candidate.那位教师得到了那份工作，因为他是最佳候选人。
1．candidate n．候选人；候补者典例They were in favor of the Democratic candidate forPresident.他们支持民主党的总统候选人。拓展 candidate 还可意为“求职应征者”，常与 for 连用。如：Milo was the strongest candidate for the job.
米洛在求职应征者中具备最好的条件。运用 完成句子In my opinion, he is a more suitable ____________ ( 候选人)．candidate She was shot.她中枪了。2．shoot vt.射中；射伤；发射；拍摄；射门；投篮典例 She shot the lion with a gun.
她用枪打死了一只狮子。He shot the arrow from the bow.
他拉弓把箭射了出去。The new movie was shot in Africa.
这部新的影片是在非洲拍摄的。He shot two goals in the game.
在比赛中， 他进了两个球。拓展 shoot at 向……射击shoot a look/glance (at) 向……扫视一眼
shoot out 射出；伸出；长出运用 用 shoot 及其构成短语的适当形式填空
①The hunter ________________ the tigher wounded.
②A man with a gun is ________________ the crowds.
③Jack ________________ at his mother anxiously.shot shooting at shot a look/glance复习v.-ing 形式一般来说，v.-ing 形式包括动名词和现在分词两种。一、动名词在句中的作用1．作主语。表示泛指意义的行为，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。His being late made the teacher angry.
他的迟到让老师很不高兴。2．作宾语。(1) 作动词的宾语。常见的动词有：advise, allow, permit,avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss,delay, practise, resist, suggest 等。如：Would you mind switching the television to Channel 8?
请把电视转到八频道好吗？
(2)作介词的宾语。如：We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定一个新的计划。二、现在分词的基本形式三、现在分词在句中的作用 1．作定语。既可表示动作正在进行，又可表示所修饰名词
的性质或用途。当单个分词做定语时，放在所修饰的名词之前；
当分词短语做定语时则放在名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
如：The sleeping bag is over there.睡袋在那儿。The man speaking to the teacher is my father.(＝The man whois speaking to the teacher is my father.)
正与老师谈话的那个人是我的父亲。2．作表语。说明主语的性质或状况。如：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在电影院上演的电影很棒。 3．作状语。现在分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语动词或整个
句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随
等情况。现在分词短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，通常
都可以变为相应的从句或并列句。(1)作时间状语，置于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开。如：Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。(2)作原因状语，置于句首，后面用逗号隔开。如：Being ill, she stayed at home.
由于生病了，她待在家里。(3)作伴随状语，常置于句末。如：He came into the classroom, taking a lot of books.
他拿了很多书走进教室。(4)作条件状语，常置于句首。如：Working hard, you'll succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，就会成功。
(5)作结果状语，置于句末。如：Thy boy ran ever faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气。(6)作让步状语，常置于句首。如：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 4．作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补常放在宾语后面，表示
一个正在进行的主动性动作，强调一个进程或一种状态。可接
现在分词作宾补的常见动词有：get, watch, have, keep, notice,
find, feel, hear, observe, leave, smell 等。如：When we got to the hall, we found the lecture being given byProfessor Liu.我们到达大厅时，发现刘教授正在作讲演。用所给单词的适当形式填空1．People can't help ________ (laugh) at the foolish empe-rorin the procession.2．________ (climb) mountains is really fun.3．The girl ________ (sit) under the tree is my sister.
4．_____________ (finish) my work, I went home.5 ． ________ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend ofmine.6．His father died, ________ (leave) him a lot of money.
7．________ (be) ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
8．Before __________ (use), the machine must be checked.laughing Climbing sitting Having finished Walking leaving Being being used 9．________ (drive) too fast, you will damage the car.10 ．____________ (not know) how to get there, I had to askthe way.11 ． The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___________(catch)．12．I know you like ________ (swim)．13．___________________ (not receive) a reply, he decided to
15．If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feelthe air ________ (move) against your face.Driving Not knowing being caught swimming Not having received write again.14．The news sounds __________ (encourage)．encouraging moving课件13张PPT。Section ⅢUsing Language I was trembling as much as the ground—and was
sweating too! 我和大地都在颤抖——也在流汗！
1．tremble vi.
解析 (1)摇晃；摇动；颤抖
The leaves tremble in the breeze.
树叶在微风中摇动。
She trembled for her daughter's safety.
她为女儿的安全焦虑不安。拓展 tremble with 因……而发抖tremble for 为……而担心运用 完成句子①The old man ________________ ( 害 怕 得 发 抖 ) hearingsomeone knocking vehemently (强烈地) on the door.②I kept ________________ ( 为……而担心) my brother allnight long.trembled with trembling for (2)焦急，担忧(常接介词 at/for 或动词不定式) I was so anxious and couldn't move at first.起初我太着
急了，无法移动。
2．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的典例I felt very anxious when I was told that I might fail thelast exam.
得知自己可能没通过上次的考试时，我感到非常焦虑。
拓展 be anxious about/for 担心/忧虑……
be anxious to do sth.急于/渴望做某事
be anxious for sb.to do sth.急于让某人做某事
be anxious that sb.(should) do sth.急切希望某人做某事运用 完成句子①She ________________ (面带忧虑)．②He ________________ ( 渴 望 ) find a job as soon aspossible.looks anxious was anxious to I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
3．panic解析 (1)vi.& vt. (panicked, panicked)惊慌The idea might panic the investors.
这个想法可能会使投资者惊慌。They panicked at once when they saw the gun.
他们看到枪立即就慌了。(2)n.惊慌；恐慌There was a panic when the building caught fire.
大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。The thought of flying fills me with panic.
我一想到飞行就惊慌。
(3)adj.恐慌的Everyone was panic when the earthquake happened.
地震发生的时候每个人都很恐慌。拓展 get into/be thrown into a panic 陷入惊慌(强调动作)be in a panic 处于惊慌中(强调状态)
in a state of panic 惊恐万状panic over sth.对某事感到惊慌 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人因惊慌而仓促做某事
运用 用 panic 及其构成短语的适当形式填空①She ________________ when she couldn't find the tickets.
②Don't ________________， boys; there's no danger.③He took out a gun, and the gunfire ____________ the horse.
④Shoppers _______________ buying things they didn't need.got into a panic panic panicked were panicked into Glance through these questions.浏览一遍这些问题。4．glance through/at 匆匆看一遍典例 He glanced through/at the map again.
他又匆匆看了一遍地图。拓展 glance off 擦过；掠过at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下
take a glance at 粗略地看一遍运用 用 glance 及其构成短语的适当形式填空
①He sat down and ________________ the newspaper.
②The bullet just ________________ the top of the car.
③________________ the plan seemed unworkable.④Can we just ________________ some of your pro-ducts?glanced through/at glanced offAt first glance take a glance at The height of the land varies from 700 meters above sea
level to over 2,000 meters and is home to a great diversity of
rare plants and animals.这里地面的高度由海拔 700 米到 2000
米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。
5．vary from...to...解析vary from...to... 意为“由……到……不等”，其中vary 作动词，意为“变化；改变；相异，存在不同之处”。如：
The people who attend the meeting vary from only ten to over
eighty.
出席会议的人从仅仅 10 岁到 80 多岁不等。拓展 vary with 随……而变化vary in 在……方面不同vary between...and...在……与……之间不同运用 完成句子①Study methods may ______________________ (因人而异)．
②These shoes _____________ ( 在…… 方面不同 ) bothsize and color.vary from person to person vary in ...don't forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to
guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lakeitself.……不要忘了向清澈湛蓝的湖水中投入一枚硬币来确保
你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚而长久。6．guarantee vt.保证；担保典例 Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.
一定要保证我们的顾客完全满意。They have guaranteed that any faulty parts will be replacedfree.他们保证，任何有毛病的零件都可以免费更换。拓展 guarantee to do sth.保证要做某事guarantee sb.sth.＝guarantee sth.to sb.向某人担保某事
guarantee sb./sth.against/from...保证某人/物免受损失(或伤害等)be guaranteed to do sth.必定会做某事运用 完成句子①Though the salesman ______________________ (向我保证质量)of the air conditioner last month, it's broken now.② This button can _______________________ ( 保证使用者避免) electricity, so the product is very popular with many customers.③ Firmly, he ________________ ( 保 证 ) he will finish thework on time.guaranteed me the qualityguarantee users against/fromguarantees that课件11张PPT。Section ⅣWriting 如何介绍旅游景观
如果我们想把自己的家乡或自己知道的旅游景观或景点介
绍给游客或爱好看游记的读者，那么在写作过程中，我们应该
做到以下几点：1．层次清晰，结构合理。 一般来说，文章的第一段是一个总体介绍，如名字(及由
来)、地理位置、是否有来此一游的价值等。然后再用两个或几
个分段介绍其自然景观或人文景观。2．融事实与描绘于一体。 我们在介绍一个景点或景观时，既要做到客观公正，不能
出现有悖于事实而任意发挥的情况，又要用生动、有积极意义
的词汇来形象地描绘该景观。这样才能对游客或读者起到说服
作用，因为只有游客或读者更清楚地了解了景观的情况，才能
引起人们对旅游目的地的向往，也使旅游变得更加现实。3．加强对旅游景观的地理知识的介绍。 人们外出旅游是为了欣赏旅游景观，而观赏之前让游客尽
可能多地了解旅游景观的情况，就可能产生强烈的观赏欲望。
如：对长江源头、长度、地位、流经省市、沿岸经济状况、沿
岸风土人情等的了解，将有助于旅客在更高层次上作长江之旅；
对新疆气温日差较大这一现象的了解，将使人们在品尝甘甜的
瓜果时疑惑顿消，等等。4．适当地介绍背景内容。 大部分的景点或景观背后都有一定的神话故事或传说。我
们可以用“It is said/believed that...”引出一个令人十分感兴趣的
故事，会让游客或读者更多地认识景观，更加深刻地理解其存
在的意义。5．要有得体的结尾。结尾时要尽量与所介绍的对象联系起来，可以直接或含蓄地邀请大家到此一游，从而增强文章的说服力。 6．修改完善。
文章写好后可以通读几遍，以减少时态、语态、拼写、标
点等错误。
附：素材积累
1．常用的空间连接词和过渡词
above, below, in front of, in the centre of, on the left, across,
in the distance, on the right, beyond, nearby, opposite to, over,close to, under, around,further, next to, on top of, up, down,
near to, along...2．常用的句子模板
(1)．..is located in...(2)．..is well-known/famous for its.../as...(3)The..., known as..., attracts millions of visitors from allover the world. (4)You can enjoy the sights, taste the local food, explore the
lively nightlife and learn about its history and culture.(5)If you are interested in..., you can...(6)．..is a must-see for tourists, as...(7)After exploring..., you can relax and enjoy a good mealin...(8)．..may explain why people spend so much time on tripsto...(9)You are sure to have a wonderful time in...
(10)Few visitors leave...feeling disappointed.3．常用的高级句型(1)强调句：It is...who/that...(2)it 作形式主语：It is well-known to us all that...; It is ＋adj./n.＋for/of sb.to do sth.(3)with 复合结构：With＋n./prep./v.-ing./v.-ed...(4)感叹句：How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋be！； What＋ adj.＋n.＋主语＋be!请根据下面的内容提示，用英语写一篇描写长城的短文。[写作内容] 1．长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒曲折由西到东，横亘西北、华北地
区多个省市，穿过沙漠、高山、山谷，最后到达大海；
2．长城是地球上最长的城墙，也是世界一大奇迹；3．长城有 2,000 多年的历史，始建于春秋时期，秦朝时所有的城墙被联结在一起；4．建造长城的所有工作都是手工完成的，成千上万的人在修建长城时死去；5．到目前为止，长城经过多次整修，现在面貌焕然一新，随时等待迎接来自国内外的游客。[写作要求]1．文中需包括所有的内容要点，但不要逐字翻译，可适当加入细节，使短文通顺、连贯；2．词数 120 左右；3．参考词汇：春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period; 秦朝 Qin Dynasty参考范文：
The Great Wall runs across North China like a huge dragon.It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys till at last it reaches the sea.It's the longest wall on the earth, also one of the wonders in the world.
The Great Wall has a history of more than 2,000 years.The first part was built during the Spring and Autumn Period.All the walls were joined up in Qin Dynasty.All the work was done by hand.Thousands of people died while building the wall.Thus the Great Wall came into existence.
So far, the Great Wall has been rebuilt and repaired many times.Now it has taken on a new look.It's visited by large numbers of people from all parts of the country and the world.