中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
编者小注：本专辑专为2022年上海新高考英语二轮总复习及1月春考准备。说说编写思路：版块一：冲刺讲义10讲，注重方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法性学习，对于知识的拆解全面到位，选题主要根据上海官方公布的近五年级春秋考真题试题为主，近两年一二模测试及今年最新期中试题为辅。版块二：专练8讲，注重常考题型，高频考点的训练，数十篇选材均选于近两年上海高三四校、八金刚及十三名校之真题版块三：模拟满分卷4套，供大家在完成以上讲练后进行整体测试，满分140分。希望助上海的莘莘学子在求学路上一臂之力。2021-2022学年上海市高三英语二轮复习讲义07翻译常考重点句型及四字格梳理
学习目标 掌握翻译常考句型及四字格梳理 ，并灵活运用
教学内容
进门小练笔（2020年春考）我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。（appreciate）（2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其节奏欢快、风格诙谐而引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）精讲精练 考情分析高考英语中设立翻译题，是对考生词汇、语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。高考英语翻译题分值改为15分。历年考点 年份重要考点2010形容词比较级；一般过去时；宾语从句； when 引导的时间状语从句2011because引导的原因状语从句；时间状语从句；if引导的条状状语从句；定语从句；no longer引导的倒装句2012一般过去时；It作形式主语引导主语从句；that/which引导定语从句；宾语从句；介词短语owing to2013一般过去时；as...as句型；which 引导定语从句；时间状语从句no sooner...than；no sooner引导的倒装句2014形容词比较级；for fear that 引导的目的状语从句；while引导让步状语从句；It 作形式主语引导主语从句2015If 引导条件状语从句；介词+whom定语从句；in order that引导目的状语从句；what 引导主语从句；现在完成时2016although 引导的让步状语从句；the moment 引导的时间状语从句； 宾语从句2017春考非谓语动词；强调句型；比较级句型the+比较级+句子；there be 句型2017秋考It 做形式主语；现在完成时；情态动词would rather2018春考祈使句；宾语从句；when 引导时间状语从句2018秋考一般过去时；情态动词may；一般现在时和until引导时间状语从句2019春考强调句型；what 引导的主语从句；whose 引导的定语从句2019秋考How 引导的感叹句；as 引导的伴随状语从句；as...as 句型；what 引导的主语从句。2020春考As引导的方式状语从句；when 引导的时间状语从句；it 做形式宾语2020秋考substitute的用法；in order that 引导的目的状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；分词作状语及四字格翻译根据历年来的经验，上海高考中译英的考察 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )点主要有以下十点：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、情态动词、词组及固定搭配、代词、介词、冠词等。本章主题将根据这十点及相关内容，具体叙述下上海高考英语中译英要翻译出“正确通顺句子”的技巧。上海高考翻译评分标准①第1-2题，3分。第3题，每题 4分。第 5题，5分。②在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣一分。③语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。④译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。 知识点一：重点句型【知识梳理】1．倒装句型否定词及否定意思的短语位于句首Only+状语(介词、副词、从句)位于句首So/Such 位于句首adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V ( 让步状语从句)【典型例题】(2011年高考）1.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) (2013年高考）2.她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。（No sooner) 2．There be句型 常描述存在或有无的关系，有具体的时态和非谓语形式。 There is no need (for sb.)to do...There is no doubt that...There is no sense/point doing...There is no possibility that... There is no denying that...【典型例题】（2016年高考）1.为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？(point)3.as句型as译为“随着”as译为“正如”，用于非限制性定语从句as译为“虽然” 表语／状语／谓语动词原形 ＋as ＋ 主谓as…as 像…一样…【典型例题】(2019年秋考）1.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（normal) (2020 年春考）2. 正如那本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。（As） 4. 形式主语或形式宾语it：常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况：It做形式主语（指代to do/doing/主语从句）（1）It’s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.（2）It so happened that…（3）It’s reported/ believed/ estimated that…（4）在含有某些形容词的句子中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如important, necessary, impossible, natural, common, strange等。（5）It’s likely that…（6）It is the first / second time that …have done； It was the first time that…had done; It is (high/about) time that…did； It is time for sb. to do sth. （7）It is up to sb to do sth.【典型例题】1.(2010年高考）我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）2.（2012年高考）能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)【典型例题】（2020春考）每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。（a rule）【典型例题】（位育中学高三周测卷）直到20世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让5.名词性从句what句型，译为“……的是”What matters is ...What impresses/surprises/interests sb.is...What sb be concerned about is ...【典型例题】1.（2015年高考）这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。(W h a t)2.(2019年秋考）究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？（motivate）6.状语从句while, when, before和since句型while...，.... 虽然…但是（仍旧）…..., while ...... ..., 而……......was/were doing...when...did ...正在...这时突然......... had hardly done... when... did... 一......就......It will be/was +时段before+句子It is/has been+时段since+一般过去时的句子【典型例题】（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The moment…)【例题精讲】例1.（2017年高考）1.有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)例2.（2014年高考）将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)【课堂练习】1.(2019春考）让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。（so）2.（2019秋考）值得一提的是，在王老师的影响下，她（他）的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。（as…as…）知识点二：四字成语【知识梳理】上海2010-2020英语高考翻译中的成语（四字结构）2012翘首以盼be looking forward to2013耳熟能详be familiar to2016有朝一日；欣喜万分someday; be filled with joy2017效果显著, 立竿见影have /has an effective and immediate effect2019秋判若两人；遥不可及how different ...is from;be beyond reach. 2020春雷打不动；昙花一现make it a rule ;it didn’t last long/ it lasted (for) only a very short time2020秋春暖花开warm spring comes and flowers blossom【例题精讲】例1.(2012高考）在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)例2.（2013高考）演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)例3.(2016高考） 我真的希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。（hope）【课堂练习】1.（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The moment…)(2019春考）博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。（whose）（2019秋考）与他学生时代相比，那位士兵简直判若两人。（How）4.（2019秋考）随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（normal）知识点三：高考英语翻译中的常见错误【知识梳理】Checklist1使用了正确的动词时态 2使用了正确的名词单复数 3使用了正确的特/泛指 4根据中文选择对应的英语句型 5确认理解并表达出了中文句子的含义 6确认使用了括号中提供的关键词7确认动词搭配中的非谓语，介词等 【例题精讲】例1.（2010年高考）乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机.（there be）例2.(2011年高考）我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。（mistake)【课堂练习】1.(2012年高考）由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)2.（2013年高考）舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我 18 岁生日。(congratulate)3.(2014年高考）虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)4.（2015年高考） 街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。(bring )5. (2016年高考）二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展。(witness )6.(2017年高考）在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。（commit) 7.(2018年春考）在法庭上，他们坚称自己没犯抢劫罪。（guilty) 8.（2018年秋考）妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)当堂检测2018年春考1.少喝含糖饮料，否则你会容易发胖。（or）3. 你是不是同意，在心情愉快的时候总会有创意出现？（occur)4.当谈到办公室冲突的时候，专家建议更多反思自己，更多换位思考并及时与同事沟通。(When it comes to...) 2018年秋考1.她们中谁可能当过排球教练？（may)2. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for)3.在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境.(until) 2020秋考你是否介意代替我去开会吗？（substitute）为了让妈妈睡个好觉，小王把水槽和橱柜擦得干干净净的。（in order）3、 春暖花开的四月，是领略这个江南小镇美景的最佳时机。（when）4、 面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店举措并施，化危机为转机，最终化解危机，再创辉煌。（turn）温故知新 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )2015年高考1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。(visit)2.在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那就去向他道歉吧。(apology) 4. 申请材料需精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。(in order that) 来源：上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中教学评估英语试题I. TranslationDirections: Tran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )slate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)（汉译英）73. 这些活动旨在帮助学生克服公开讲话的恐惧。(mean) （汉译英）74. 这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly) （汉译英）75. 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(a blind eye) （汉译英）来源：上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2022届高三上学期10月阶段测试卷英语试题V. TranslationDirections: T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets72.52. 三口之家没必要请保姆，很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担。（need）(汉译英）53. Jane对自己的戏服十分挑剔，因为她一直担任主角的这部剧将在所有主要的社交平台上直播。（particular）(汉译英）54. 这个网站不遗余力地研发了专属的登录系统，以回应来自公众要求提高用户隐私保护的巨大压力。（pains）(汉译英）55. 有时，嫉妒蒙蔽了我们的眼睛，不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )让我们对生命中美丽的事情心怀感恩，我们忘记了正是感激把房子变成了家，把普通餐饭变成盛宴，把陌生人变成朋友。（grateful）(汉译英）来源：上海市虹口区2021届高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题V. Translation Directions: Trans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )late the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他是勉强答应了，可他如果到时候食言了，又该如何？(what if) (汉译英)73. 每当想到要单枪匹马去陌生的国度为生存打拼，他就觉得有点吃不消。(it) (汉译英)74. 尽管年过半百，他还是坚信自己可以轻而易举登上塔顶，欣赏祖国的大好河山。(convince) (汉译英)75. 仅耗时短短数载， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能工巧匠们就让这座曾经落寞不堪、早已被人淡忘的江南古镇重现了昔日的辉煌，令人叹为观止。(restore) (汉译英)
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
编者小注：本专辑专为2022年上海新高考英语二轮总复习及1月春考准备。说说编写思路：版块一：冲刺讲义10讲，注重方法性学习，对于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知识的拆解全面到位，选题主要根据上海官方公布的近五年级春秋考真题试题为主，近两年一二模测试及今年最新期中试题为辅。版块二：专练8讲，注重常考题型，高频考点的训练，数十篇选材均选于近两年上海高三四校、八金刚及十三名校之真题版块三：模拟满分卷4套，供大家在完成以上讲练后进行整体测试，满分140分。希望助上海的莘莘学子在求学路上一臂之力。2021-2022学年上海市高三英语二轮复习讲义07翻译常考重点句型及四字格梳理
学习目标 掌握翻译常考句型及四字格梳理 ，并灵活运用
教学内容
进门小练笔（2020年春考）我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。（appreciate）【参考答案】We really/de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eply/truly appreciate their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect. We really/d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeply/truly appreciate their effort (that) they have made to preserve the Shanghai dialect.We appreciat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e it deeply/a lot/very much that they have made their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect.【思路解析】感谢：appreciate的考点：欣赏；赏识 — appreciate sb./sth 感激；感谢 — appreciate sth./(sb.) doing sth，上海方言为专有名词，前面必须要加上“the”，即“the Shanghai dialect”（2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其节奏欢快、风格诙谐而引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）【参考答案】When first rel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eased at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival, this song caused a sensation / made a stir because of / for/ due to its cheerful melody and humorous style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last long. / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period.【思路解析】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。精讲精练 考情分析高考英语中设立翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。高考英语翻译题分值改为15分。历年考点 年份重要考点2010形容词比较级；一般过去时；宾语从句； when 引导的时间状语从句2011because引导的原因状语从句；时间状语从句；if引导的条状状语从句；定语从句；no longer引导的倒装句2012一般过去时；It作形式主语引导主语从句；that/which引导定语从句；宾语从句；介词短语owing to2013一般过去时；as...as句型；which 引导定语从句；时间状语从句no sooner...than；no sooner引导的倒装句2014形容词比较级；for fear that 引导的目的状语从句；while引导让步状语从句；It 作形式主语引导主语从句2015If 引导条件状语从句；介词+whom定语从句；in order that引导目的状语从句；what 引导主语从句；现在完成时2016although 引导的让步状语从句；the moment 引导的时间状语从句； 宾语从句2017春考非谓语动词；强调句型；比较级句型the+比较级+句子；there be 句型2017秋考It 做形式主语；现在完成时；情态动词would rather2018春考祈使句；宾语从句；when 引导时间状语从句2018秋考一般过去时；情态动词may；一般现在时和until引导时间状语从句2019春考强调句型；what 引导的主语从句；whose 引导的定语从句2019秋考How 引导的感叹句；as 引导的伴随状语从句；as...as 句型；what 引导的主语从句。2020春考As引导的方式状语从句；when 引导的时间状语从句；it 做形式宾语2020秋考substitute的用法；in order that 引导的目的状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；分词作状语及四字格翻译根据历年来的经验，上海高考中译 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英的考察点主要有以下十点：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、情态动词、词组及固定搭配、代词、介词、冠词等。本章主题将根据这十点及相关内容，具体叙述下上海高考英语中译英要翻译出“正确通顺句子”的技巧。上海高考翻译评分标准①第1-2题，3分。第3题，每题 4分。第 5题，5分。②在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣一分。③语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。④译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。 知识点一：重点句型【知识梳理】1．倒装句型否定词及否定意思的短语位于句首Only+状语(介词、副词、从句)位于句首So/Such 位于句首adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V ( 让步状语从句)【典型例题】(2011年高考）1.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) 【答案】No longer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.(2013年高考）2.她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。（No sooner) 【答案】 No sooner ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.2．There be句型 常描述存在或有无的关系，有具体的时态和非谓语形式。 There is no need (for sb.)to do...There is no doubt that...There is no sense/point doing...There is no possibility that... There is no denying that...【典型例题】（2016年高考）1.为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？(point)【答案】Is there any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) point lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes 3.as句型as译为“随着”as译为“正如”，用于非限制性定语从句as译为“虽然” 表语／状语／谓语动词原形 ＋as ＋ 主谓as…as 像…一样…【典型例题】(2019年秋考）1.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（normal) 【答案】 As his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning a championship will no longer be beyond reach. (2020 年春考）2. 正如那本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。（As）As is introduce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in the booklet/brochure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit of politely giving way to/making way for pedestrians.As the brochure put it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), all the drivers here form the habit of politely waiting till the pedestrians go/cross (the street) first. 4. 形式主语或形式宾语it：常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况：It做形式主语（指代to do/doing/主语从句）（1）It’s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.（2）It so happened that…（3）It’s reported/ believed/ estimated that…（4）在含有某些形容词的句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子中，如important, necessary, impossible, natural, common, strange等。（5）It’s likely that…（6）It is the first / second time that …have done； It was the first time that…had done; It is (high/about) time that…did； It is time for sb. to do sth. （7）It is up to sb to do sth.【典型例题】1.(2010年高考）我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）【答案】We all agree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon as possible.2.（2012年高考）能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)【答案】It is a difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.it做形式宾语（指代to do/doing/宾语从句）find / feel / think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / consider + it + adj. / n. +（for sb) + to do sth. / that…make it a rule to do / that …雷打不动。。。【典型例题】（2020春考）每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。（a rule）These college student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s make it a rule to volunteer in the orphanage every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the kids how to paper-cut and knit.These college stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents make it a rule to go to the orphanage as volunteers every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the kids to do paper-cutting and weaving/knitting.It用于强调句型（陈述，一般疑问，特殊疑问）【典型例题】（16届位育中学高三周测卷）直到20世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让世界对他们刮目相看。（It...that）It was not until the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate twentieth century that Chinese athletes began to surprise the world with their excellent performances at the Olympics.5.名词性从句what句型，译为“……的是”What matters is ...What impresses/surprises/interests sb.is...What sb be concerned about is ...【典型例题】1.（2015年高考）这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。(W h a t)【答案】What makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.2.(2019年秋考）究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？（motivate）【答案】What on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering 6.状语从句while, when, before和since句型while...，.... 虽然…但是（仍旧）…..., while ...... ..., 而……......was/were doing...when...did ...正在...这时突然......... had hardly done... when... did... 一......就......It will be/was +时段before+句子It is/has been+时段since+一般过去时的句子【典型例题】（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The moment…)【答案】The moment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.【例题精讲】例1.（2017年高考）1.有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)It is claimed tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t weight-loss pills have an effective and immediate effect and are harmless / do no harm to our body, but it is far from the truth / case.例2.（2014年高考）将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.【课堂练习】1.(2019春考）让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。（so）To my parent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s' satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者 What makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.2.（2019秋考）值得一提的是，在王老师的影响下，她（他）的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。（as…as…）What is worth me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntioning is that under Mrs.（Mr.）Wang’s influence her colleagues lay not as much emphasis on their kids’ performance as on their effort.知识点二：四字成语【知识梳理】上海2010-2020英语高考翻译中的成语（四字结构）2012翘首以盼be looking forward to2013耳熟能详be familiar to2016有朝一日；欣喜万分someday; be filled with joy2017效果显著, 立竿见影have /has an effective and immediate effect2019秋判若两人；遥不可及how different ...is from;be beyond reach. 2020春雷打不动；昙花一现make it a rule ;it didn’t last long/ it lasted (for) only a very short time2020秋春暖花开warm spring comes and flowers blossom【例题精讲】例1.(2012高考）在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)At the exhibi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (witch/ that) children were looking forward to.例2.（2013高考）演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)The performance beg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.例3.(2016高考） 我真的希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。（hope）I really hop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that my article will be published in a newspaper someday.【课堂练习】1.（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The moment…)The moment my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.(2019春考）博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。（whose）This museum is not w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.（2019秋考）与他学生时代相比，那位士兵简直判若两人。（How） How different a perso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the soldier now is from what he was at school!4.（2019秋考）随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（normal） As his physical stren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gth returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning a championship will no longer be beyond reach. 知识点三：高考英语翻译中的常见错误【知识梳理】Checklist1使用了正确的动词时态 2使用了正确的名词单复数 3使用了正确的特/泛指 4根据中文选择对应的英语句型 5确认理解并表达出了中文句子的含义 6确认使用了括号中提供的关键词7确认动词搭配中的非谓语，介词等 【例题精讲】例1.（2010年高考）乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机.（there be）At first sight, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.例2.(2011年高考）我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。（mistake)I often mistake Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike.【课堂练习】1.(2012年高考）由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.2.（2013年高考）舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我 18 岁生日。(congratulate)My uncle sent me a car ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday.3.(2014年高考）虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)While modern society, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.4.（2015年高考） 街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。(bring )Street artists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have brought brilliant colors to old neighborhoods with their creativity.5. (2016年高考）二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展。(witness )The late twentieth c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entury witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy.6.(2017年高考）在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。（commit) In / During / Over t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he past three years, he has committed himself / has been committed all the time to researching / studying the relationship / connection between the transmission speed of information and the rhythm / pace of human life.7.(2018年春考）在法庭上，他们坚称自己没犯抢劫罪。（guilty) They insisted that they weren't guilty of robbing /robbery in court.8.（2018年秋考）妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)（1）Mom sets the alarm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clock ringing every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature. （2）Mom sets t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he alarm clock for (once) every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature. （3）Mom sets up an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) alarm clock which goes off every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.当堂检测2018年春考1.少喝含糖饮料，否则你会容易发胖。（or）3. 你是不是同意，在心情愉快的时候总会有创意出现？（occur)4.当谈到办公室冲突的时候，专家建议更多反思自己，更多换位思考并及时与同事沟通。(When it comes to...) 【参考答案】Don't drink too much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sugary drinks/sugared beverages，or it is easy for you to gain weight.2.Do you agree ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that) creativity always occurs when you are in a good mood 3.When it comes to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) office conflicts/workplace conflicts/conflicts in office, experts/specialists suggest you should reflect more on yourself , always put yourself in others' shoes,and communicate with workmates in time.2018年秋考1.她们中谁可能当过排球教练？（may)2. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for)3.在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境.(until) 【参考答案】Who may have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en a volleyball coach among them May any of them have worked as a volleyball coach 2. I saw him put o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n his hiking shoes and make for the lawn. I saw him put on his hiking shoes, making for the lawn.3.（1）People in the vil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lage often eat until they are 80% full/80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was developed to deal with /address the poor/hard conditions/situation of food shortage in the first place （2）In the village, peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple often eat until they are 80% full/80 percent full. However, this healthy eating habit was formed to deal with the dilemma of food shortage at first.（3）In the village, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people often eat until they are 80% full, in which case, however, this healthy eating habit had been intended to cope with food shortage at first.2020秋考你是否介意代替我去开会吗？（substitute）为了让妈妈睡个好觉，小王把水槽和橱柜擦得干干净净的。（in order）3、 春暖花开的四月，是领略这个江南小镇美景的最佳时机。（when）4、 面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店举措并施，化危机为转机，最终化解危机，再创辉煌。（turn）【参考答案】Would you mind substituting me at the meeting？XiaoWang clean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the sink and cupboard thoroughly in order that his mother could have a good rest.April, when w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arm spring comes and flowers blossom, is the best time to visit the town/appreciate the beautiful scenery of the town in the South of Yangtze River.或者 It is the be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st time to enjoy/appreciate the beautiful scenery of the town in the South of Yangtze River in April，when warm spring comes and flowers blossom.Faced with ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allenges from online shops，this store/shop with a history of almost 100 years took several measures/actions to turn the crisis into chances/opportunities, and finally solved/resolved it and achieved another success.或者Faced with ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allenges from online shops，this century-old store/shop turned the crisis into chances/opportunities by taking several measures，finally resolving/solving it and thus achieving another success.温故知新 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )2015年高考1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。(visit)2.在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那就去向他道歉吧。(apology) 4. 申请材料需精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。(in order that) 【参考答案】1.Delicious food is on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.2.If there is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.3. The applicat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.来源：上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中教学评估英语试题I. TranslationDirections: Transl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)（汉译英）【答案】It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.【教师】【详解】考查强调句和时态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。本句为强调句，其结构为It is +强调部分 +that从句。本句强调主语 the unexpected rain 。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.73. 这些活动旨在帮助学生克服公开讲话的恐惧。(mean) （汉译英）【答案】These activ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ities are meant to help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public.【教师】【详解】考查短语和句子结构。这是一个简单句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为“这些活动”，可译为These activities；根据所给词mean可知，“旨在”可用短语be meant to，主语为复数名词，be动词用are；其余部分“帮助学生克服公开讲话的恐惧”可译为help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public。故本句可译为These activities are meant to help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public.74. 这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly) （汉译英）【答案】Hardly had the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lm about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.【教师】【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词about；表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film；表示“重要的”应用形容词important；表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle；表示“上映”应用动词release；表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知，这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……，该短语要求从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，部分倒装时，助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.75. 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(a blind eye) （汉译英）【答案】In many p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laces, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.【教师】【详解】考查短语、时态和定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句。turn a blind eye to(对…… )视而不见；because of 因为；bring about带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bring about的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.来源：上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2022届高三上学期10月阶段测试卷英语试题V. TranslationDirections: Transl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets72.52. 三口之家没必要请保姆，很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担。（need）(汉译英）【答案】There is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden. 【教师】【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )口之家”可用“a family of three”；表示“没必要做某事”可用there is no need doing；表示“请保姆”可用“employ a baby-sitter”，所以前半句可翻译为“There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three”。表示“许多智能家居产品”可用“many smart-home products”；表示“减轻家务负担”可用“relieve the housework burden”，根据句意可知，前后两句是因果关系，“很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担”是原因，用because引导该原因状语从句，整句用一般现在时。故可翻译为There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden。53. Jane对自己的戏服十分挑剔，因为她一直担任主角的这部剧将在所有主要的社交平台上直播。（particular）(汉译英）【答案】Jane is very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )particular about her own costumes because the play she has been starring in will be broadcast live on all major social platforms.【教师】【详解】考查短语、定语从句、状语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句和时态语态。对……挑剔用短语 “be particular about”，句子时态为一般现在时态，主语为Jane，be动词用is；自己的戏服可以用短语“her own costumes”，because引导原因状语从句，戏剧为“the play”，后面接定语从句，定语从句用现在完成进行时态，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且还在继续，担任主角可以用短语“star in”，先行词the play在定语从句中做宾语，所以可以省略引导词；直播可以翻译为“broadcast live”；在所有主要的社交平台上可以翻译为“on all major social platforms”，句子时态为一般将来时态，主语the play和broadcast之间为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。故翻译Jane is very particular about her own costumes because the play she has been starring in will be broadcast live on all major social platforms.54. 这个网站不遗余力地研发了专属的登录系统，以回应来自公众要求提高用户隐私保护的巨大压力。（pains）(汉译英）【答案】The site sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ared no pains developing its own login system in response to intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy.【教师】【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite；表示“不遗余力做某事”短语为spare no pains doing sth.；表示“研发了专属的登录系统”短语为developing its own login system；表示“回应”短语为in response to；表示“来自公众要求提高用户隐私保护的巨大压力”翻译为intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy，句子应用一般过去时。故翻译为The site spared no pains developing its own login system in response to intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy.55. 有时，嫉妒蒙蔽了我们的眼睛，不让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们对生命中美丽的事情心怀感恩，我们忘记了正是感激把房子变成了家，把普通餐饭变成盛宴，把陌生人变成朋友。（grateful）(汉译英）【答案】Sometimes jealousy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) blinds our eyes and prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life. We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home, ordinary meals into feasts, and strangers into friends.【教师】【详解】考查动词、短语、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词、形容词、宾语从句和强调句型。表示“有时”应用频率副词Sometimes；表示“嫉妒蒙蔽了我们的眼睛”译为jealousy blinds our eyes；表示“不让我们对生命中美丽的事情心怀感恩”译为prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life，对……心存感激固定短语为be grateful for。表示“我们忘记了正是感激把房子变成了家”译为We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home，We forget that后面的内容为宾语从句，第二个that这里是强调句it + be +强调部分 + that......，把......变成......用固定短语turn into；表示“把普通餐饭变成盛宴”译为turn ordinary meals into feasts；表示“把陌生人变成朋友”译为turn strangers into friend，此处用连词and来连接，只留第一个动词turn。故翻译为Sometimes jealousy blinds our eyes and prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life. We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home, ordinary meals into feasts, and strangers into friends。来源：上海市虹口区2021届高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题V. Translation Directions: Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他是勉强答应了，可他如果到时候食言了，又该如何？(what if) (汉译英)【答案】He reluctantly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) agreed, but what if he breaks/broke/should break his promise / word at the / that time 【教师】【详解】考查固定句式。食 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )言：break one's promise/word。what if 用于提出假设时，意思是“假若……”“假若……怎么办”“要是……将会怎么样”，其后句子可用陈述语气（用一般现在时），也可用虚拟语气（用一般过去时或should+动词原形）。再根据汉语提示的其他词汇可知答案为：He reluctantly agreed, but what if he breaks/broke/should break his promise / word at the / that time 73. 每当想到要单枪匹马去陌生的国度为生存打拼，他就觉得有点吃不消。(it) (汉译英)【答案】Whenever he th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought of going to a strange / foreign country to work / strive / fight for survival alone / by himself / on his own, he felt it (was) a little (bit) hard / difficult for him (to endure it).【教师】【详解】考查动词时态，代词，短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，和时间状语从句。分析句子可知，主句的主语是他，译为“he”，谓语觉得，译为“feel”，有点吃不消，可以宾语从句或者不定式为宾语，用it作为形式主语来代替不定式，根据其他汉语提示，译为“it wasa little (bit) hard / difficult for him (to endure it)”；从句为时间状语从句，每当，译为“whenever”，从句主语是他，谓语想到，短语“think of”，根据语境，可知为一般过去时，再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Whenever he thought of going to a strange / foreign country to work / strive / fight for survival alone / by himself / on his own, he felt it (was) a little (bit) hard / difficult for him (to endure it).74. 尽管年过半百，他还是坚信自己可以轻而易举登上塔顶，欣赏祖国的大好河山。(convince) (汉译英)【答案】Although / Thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh / While he is / was over / more than 50 years old / of age (In spite of / Despite his being over / more than 50 years old / of age), he is / was still firmly convinced that he can / could climb / reach the top of the tower with ease / without any difficulty and / to appreciate (…,appreciating) the great / beautiful rivers and mountains of his motherland.【教师】【分析】【详解】考查连词、动词、短语和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )让步状语。表示“虽然”可用用连词although / though / while或者介词in spite of / despite；表示“年过半百”可用over / more than 50 years old / of age ；表示“坚信”用动词is / was still firmly convinced；“登上塔顶”用动词短语climb / reach the top of the tower表示；“祖国的大好河山”用短语he great / beautiful rivers and mountains of his motherland表示。分析汉语原文，该句前部分可以处理成让步状语或让步状语从句，后部分可以处理成动词不定式表示目的或成现在分词作伴随状语。故翻译为：Although / Though / While he is / was over / more than 50 years old / of age (In spite of / Despite his being over / more than 50 years old / of age), he is / was still firmly convinced that he can / could climb / reach the top of the tower with ease / without any difficulty and / to appreciate (…,appreciating) the great / beautiful rivers and mountains of his motherland.。75. 仅耗时短短数载，能工巧匠们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )就让这座曾经落寞不堪、早已被人淡忘的江南古镇重现了昔日的辉煌，令人叹为观止。(restore) (汉译英)【答案】It has taken / to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok only a few / several years for skilled workers / craftsmen to restore this ever lonely and long forgotten ancient town in the south of the Yangtze / Changjiang River to its former glory, which is / was amazing.It has taken ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / took only a few / several years for skilled workers / craftsmen to restore this ancient town that had ever been lonely and had long been forgotten in the south of the Yangtze / Changjiang River to its former glory, which is / was amazing.【教师】【详解】考查it作形式主语、动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、定语从句。“耗时数载”翻译为it takes several years to do , “能工巧匠“可以用 skilled workers或者skilled craftsmen，“落寞不堪”译为lonely，“早已被人淡忘”译为long forgotten，“江南古镇”译为 an ancient town in the south of the Yangtze / Changjiang River，“重现了昔日的辉煌”译为restore sth to its former glory，“令人叹为观止”翻译为amazing，该部分可用非限制性定语从句来表达，“这座曾经落寞不堪、早已被人淡忘的江南古镇”可以用形容词短语 ever lonely and long forgotten修饰 ancient town，也可以用定语从句ancient town that had ever been lonely and had long been forgotten ，另外整个句子陈述现实情况，故可用一般现在时，也可以用一般过去时描述过去的事情，故翻译为It has taken / took only a few / several years for skilled workers / craftsmen to restore this ever lonely and long forgotten ancient town in the south of the Yangtze / Changjiang River to its former glory, which is / was amazing.或者It has taken / took only a few / several years for skilled workers / craftsmen to restore this ancient town that had ever been lonely and had long been forgotten in the south of the Yangtze / Changjiang River to its former glory, which is / was amazing.
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