课程主题：选择性必修三 Unit 1 Wish you were here 授课时间：
教学内容
词汇和短语互译(单词汉译英，短语英译汉) 1.______ adj. 开花的，盛开的，风华正茂的，bloom的现在分词 2.______ vt. & vi. 展开，打开，展现，开花 (反义词：fold 折叠，裹) 3.______ n. 领土，领地，版图，领域，范围，地区，区域 4.______ n. 山谷，溪谷，流域 5.______ n. 冰川 6.______ adj. 城市的，城镇的，城市里的，居住在城市的 7.______ n. 少数，少数民族，少数群体，少数派，未成年 8.______ n. 烹饪，烹饪术，烹调法，菜肴，饭菜，风味 9.______ adj. 精力充沛的，富有创新思想的，活跃的，动力的 10.______ vt. 品尝，试尝，体验，抽样检验 n. 样品，货样，取样，样本 11.______ adj. 凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的 n. 凯尔特语 12.______ n. 深度，深，深刻，深厚，最深处，深奥 13.______ n. 郊区，城外，城郊 14.______ adj. 植物学的，植物的 15.______ adj. 克拉维斯的 n. 克拉维斯 16.______ n. 毛毯，厚层，床毯，覆盖物，覆盖层 vt. 覆盖，笼罩 17.______ n. 曲棍球，冰球运动，冰球，冰上曲棍球 18.______ n. 侄女，外甥女 19.______ n. 福祉，安康，幸福，康乐，福利，福利事业 20.______ adj. 围绕的，环绕的，周围的，附近的 21.______ n. 和谐，协调，融洽，部分与整体之间或各部分之间的和谐有序 22.______ n. 教堂，礼拜，敬拜 23.______ n. 规则，法规，道德准则，行为规范，密码，电码，代码 24.______ n. 雕像，塑像，雕塑 25.______ n. 纪念品，纪念物 26.______ n. 古董，古物，古玩 adj. 古董的，古玩的，古老的 27.______ n. 花瓶，装饰瓶 28.______ n. 由风吹积而成的沙丘 29.______ n. 谷粒，谷物，粮食，谷类作物 30.______ n. 户外烧烤，烤架，烤炉，烧烤， 烤肉 vt. 烤 31.______ n. 泥；烂泥；泥浆，淤泥 32.______ n. 边界，边疆，国界，边缘，界限 vi. & vt. 毗连，接壤，与......接壤 33.______ n. 停车，停车位，停车处 adj. 停车的 34.______ n. 砖，砖块，砖材，积木，砖块状物，可靠的人 35.______ vt. 星星点点地布满，点缀，打点 n.点，小圆点，小数点 36.______ n. 火腿，火腿肉 37.______ n. 香肠，腊肠，香肠状物 38.______ n. 串，束，捆，大量 39.______ n. 徒步旅行，远足，提高 vi. & vt. 徒步旅行，远足，去徒步旅行，提高 40.______ n. 液体，液态物 adj. 液体的，液态的，流质的 41.______ adj. 北极的，北极区的，极冷的，寒冷的 42.______ n. 狐，狐狸，狡猾的人 43.______ adj. 极地的，完全相反的 44.______ n. 羊羔，羔羊，羔羊肉，温顺的人 45.free sample___________ 46.off the beaten track____________ e as no surprise______________ e down to..._______________ 49.make one’s way to..._____________________ 50.beat down_______________ 51.consist in...__________________ 1. depth n. 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚 [c/u] (P3, L37) ①at the depth of 在……的深处 ②in depth 深度；完全地，彻底地，深入地 ③out of one’s depth 非某人所能理解，非某人能力所及 ④hidden depths 深藏不露 ⑤the depths of winter/the countryside/the forest 隆冬/偏远地区/森林深处 ⑥in the depths of despair/depression 深感绝望/沮丧 ▲deep adj. 深的 adv. 深深地 ▲deeply adv. 深深地 ▲deepen vt. 加深，深化 辨析：deep与deeply的区别 1) deep“深深地”，用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间。 2) deeply“深深地”，用于抽象的、比喻的意义。 另外，deeply可以修饰形容词和过去分词，deep不能。 典题赏析： 1) The river is 10 meters ___________. The river is 10 meters ___________ ___________. 这条河深10米。 2) They talked _____________ into the night last night. 昨晚他们谈话直到深夜。 3) We were ____________ moved by his story. 我们被他的故事深深地感动了。 4) I haven’t looked at the report __________________ yet. 我还没有细看这份报告。 5) He felt totally ____________________ in his new job. 他感到自己根本不能胜任这新工作。 6) The girl was ______________________________ when she heard the bad news. 当那位姑娘听到噩耗时，她深感绝望。 2. (not) a bed of roses (=(not) all roses)（并非）轻松的情况， （并非）令人愉快的情况 (P6, L7) 典题赏析： 1) Their life together is ________________________. 他们在一起的生活十分幸福。 2) Life isn’t always _______________________ you know. 要知道，人生并非总是事事如意。 3. harmony n. 融洽，和睦 [u]；和谐，协调 [c/u]；和声 [c/u] (P6, L8) ①in harmony with与……和睦相处/协调一致 ②live/work in (perfect) harmony 一起生活/工作得（十分）和谐 ③out of harmony with与……不和睦相处/不协调一致 ▲harmonious adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的 典题赏析： 1) If man can’t live _________ harmony _________ nature, the balance will be destroyed. 2) Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________________________（与……和谐）nature. 【福建卷】 3) The newly married couple ______________________________. 那对新婚夫妇生活得十分和谐。 4) The violin was __________________________ the rest of instruments. 小提琴拉得与其他乐器不协调。 4. sustain vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持；遭受，蒙受，经受； 证明，证实；支撑，承受住；认可，确认，准许，支持 (P6, L10) ▲sustainable adj. 可持续的；不破坏生态平衡的，合理利用的 典题赏析： 1) Which planets can sustain life 意为：_____________ 2) The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in his lessons. 意为：____________ 3) The company sustained great losses last year. 意为：_____________ 4) The ice will not sustain your weight. 意为：_____________ 5) There was no proof to sustain his views. 意为：_____________ 6) The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal. 意为：_____________ 7) Sustainable development is the common target of human beings. 意为：_____________ 5. manner n. 方式，方法；态度，举止 [c]； 礼貌，规矩；风俗，习俗（复）(P7, B2, L5) ①in this/that manner以这/那种方式 ②in a...manner 以……的方式 ③in a manner of speaking 从某种意义上说，可以说，不妨说 ④in the manner of 体现……所特有的风格 ⑤good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 ⑥table manners 餐桌礼仪 典题赏析： 1) The manner ______________ which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable. 2) It is _____________________（有礼貌）to wait in line when shopping. 3) All these points of views are related __________________________（从某种意义上说）. 4) This is a painting ____________________________ Qi Baishi. 这是一幅体现齐白石风格的绘画。 6. come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 (P7, B2, L15) 典题赏析： 1) Their disagreement _______________________ money. 他们的争论归结起来就是金钱的问题。 7. make one’s way to 去，前往 (P9, Day2) 典题赏析： 1) Will you be able to ______________________ the station 你能自己去车站吗？ 8. furniture n. 家具 [u] (P9, Day2) ①a piece of furniture = an article of furniture 一件家具 ②a set/suit of furniture 一套家具 ▲furnish vt. 为……配备家具；提供，供应 ③furnish sb. with sth. = furnish sth. to sb. 提供某人某物 ▲furnished adj. 配备家具的；备有家具的 ④be furnished with 备有/提供…… 典题赏析： 1) The only piece of f _______________ he has in his room is a bed. 【浙江卷】 2) The room is ______________ with a desk and a chair. 这个房间备有一张桌子和一把椅子。 3) The apartment is well _______________. 那间公寓家具齐全。 9. tower vi. 高耸，屹立；（比……）优秀许多，高踞（于……之上） n. 塔，塔楼；发射塔；高柜，高架子 [c] (P11, L9) a tower block 公寓大楼，办公大楼，高层建筑 a clock/bell tower 钟楼 an ivory tower 象牙塔 the Tower of London 伦敦塔 the Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔 the Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 ①tower over/above 高于，超过（附近的人或物）； （在能力、品质等方面）胜过，远远超过 ②a tower of strength 可依靠的人，支柱，主心骨 典题赏析： 1) He ___________________ his classmates. 他的个子比班里其他同学高出一大截。 2) Mozart ___________________ all other composers. 莫扎特高踞于其他所有作曲家之上。 3) Her father was _____________________ to her when her marriage broke up. 她的婚姻破裂时，父亲成了她可以依靠的支柱。 10. beat down 强烈照射，暴晒 (on)；砸开，砸破； 说服某人降价，杀价 (to) (P11, L10) ①beat off 击退，打退，赶跑 ②beat out 扑灭；拷打逼供；用鼓点奏出；战胜，打败 ③beat up 痛打，殴打，打伤 ④beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块 典题赏析： 1) The sun _________________________ his back. 阳光火辣辣地照在他的背上。 2) We managed to ___________________ the dogs and run away. 我们设法把狗打跑，才得以脱身。 3) We ____________________ the flames. 我们把火扑灭了。 4) The poor boy ______________________________________. 那个可怜的孩子被打得青一块紫一块。 11. contrast [k n'trɑ:st] vi. 形成对比 (P11, L14) vt. 对比，对照 ['k ntrɑ:st] n. 差异，差别；对照物 [c/u] ①contrast...with... 把……和……进行对比 ②contrast with... 与……形成对比/截然不同 ③by/in contrast 相反；相比之下 ④in contrast to 与……相比 典题赏析： 1) It is interesting to _____________ the British legal system _____________ the American one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 2) The snow was icy and white, _______________________ the brilliant blue sky. 雪冰冷洁白，与明媚的蓝天形成对照。 3) When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned _____________________. 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。 4) Mary was short and fat, __________________________ her mother who was tall and thin. 玛丽又矮又胖，相比之下她的母亲又高又瘦。 12. starve vi. & vt.（使）饿死，（使）挨饿 (P11, L21) ①starve to death 饿死 ②starve for 渴望得到 ③starve...of/for... 使……得不到所需要的…… ④be starved of/for 得不到，缺乏 ⑤be starving/starved 饿极了，饿得很 ⑥starve sb. into doing sth. 断绝食物/资金来源以迫使某人做某事 ⑦starve sb. out (of sth.) 以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来 ▲starvation n. 饥饿，饿死 [u] ⑧die of starvation 饿死 典题赏析： 1) Many people starved _________ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies. 2) Some children in Africa died of ______________ because of a severe shortage of food. 3) The money has run out and they starve __________ a large sum of money to finish the work. 4) The department has been starved ______________ resources. 5) You must _______________________（饿坏了）! Come and eat lunch. 13. departure n. 离开，起程，出发 [c/u] (from, for)；班机，班车 [c]； 背离，违反，逾越 [c] (P12, L24) the departure lounge 候机室，候车室 the departure time 离站时间 the departure gate登机口，上车口 the departures board 车次/航班告示板 ▲depart vt. & vi. 离开，离去，起程，出发；离职 ①depart from违反，背离（惯例、传统、常规等） ②depart this life 去世，亡故 典题赏析： 1) They have received no news of him since his departure ____________ the island. 自从他离开这座岛屿后，他们再也没有收到他的消息。 2) There are several departures _____________ New York every day. 每天有好几个班次开往纽约。 3) _____________________ her usual routine, she took the bus to work. 她一反常态乘公交车上班了。 14. bunch n. 串，束；大量，大批；一群，一伙 [c] vi. & vt. 聚成堆/群；绷紧；起褶；绑/捆/扎成一束 (P12, L42) ①a bunch of+n. (c/u) 一串/一束/大量/一群…… ②the best/pick of the bunch 出类拔萃的人/物；精英；精品 ③bunch up/together 集中，聚拢 典题赏析： 1) Look! A bunch of girls _____________ sitting on the grass. 2) She picked me ____________________________. 她给我采了一束鲜花。 3) The sheep _______________________ as soon as they saw the dog. 那些绵羊一见到狗就挤作一团。 4) They are all good typists but Maria is ________________________. 她们都是打字好手，但玛丽亚是她们中最好的。 15. fetch vt.（去）拿来，（去）请来 (= go & bring back)；售得，卖得 (P12, L43) ①fetch sb. sth.=fetch sth. for sb. 为某人拿某物 ②fetch... from... 把……从……接/取来 ③fetch and carry (for sb.) （为某人）打杂/跑腿/当听差 ④fetch up 偶然来到，意外到达 典题赏析： 1) Will you ___________ my coat ____________ me 你可以帮我把我的外套拿来吗？ 2) The painting will ________________ a good price. 这幅画会卖得好价钱。 3) She has gone to _____________ the kids ______________ school. 她去学校接孩子了。 4) Am I supposed to _______________________ for him all day 难道要我整天替他打杂吗？ 5) I fell asleep on the train and ___________________ in Beijing. 我在火车上睡着了，醒来时竟到了北京。 16. possession n. 私人物品，个人财产 [c]；具有，拥有 [u]； 财产，所有物（复） (P12, L43) ①in possession of 占有，拥有 ②in the possession of 由……占有/拥有 ③take/have possession of 占有，拥有，拿到 ④come into one’s possession 为某人所得到/占有，落入某人手中 ⑤personal possessions 私人财产 ▲possess vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 ⑥What possessed sb. to do sth. 什么驱使某人干…… ⑦be possessed of 拥有，占有，具有 典题赏析： 1) The police went through all the dead girl’s __________________（所有财物）. 2) She was _______________ (possess) of exceptional powers of concentration. 3) How did the painting ________________________________ 你是怎样得到这幅画的？ 4) We didn’t __________________________the car until a few days after the auction. 拍卖会过后几天，我们才真正拿到了那辆汽车。 17. population n. “人口，人口数 [c/u]”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但当其与分数、百分数连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。表示人口“多、少”时，用large/small。对人口进行提问时，用what/how large。(P13, C, L2) ①have a population of 有……的人口 ②with a population of 有……的人口 典题赏析： 1) Two thirds of the population of our country _____________ (be) peasants. 2) The population of China __________ __________ than that of India. 中国的人口比印度多。 3) _______________ is the population of China 中国的人口是多少？ 4) 中国是一个拥有13亿人口的国家。（用两种译法） _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. 二、重点句型： 1. Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music will define your encounter. (P3, L24-26) 如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。 分析：句中should置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装。 用法：当if从句中含有were, had, should时，这时可以省略if，把were, had, should提前，构成倒装。 Were she here, she would attend the meeting too. 如果她在这里，她也参加会议。 Had we found him earlier, we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。 Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to stay at home. 若明天下雨，我们只好呆在家里。 Should anyone call, please tell them I will be back soon. 如果有人打电话来，请告诉他们我很快就回来。 典题赏析： 1) _______________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【江苏卷】 A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 2) _____________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.【天津卷】 A. Did he catch B. should he catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 3) ______________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.【福建卷】 A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been 三.语法 非限制性定语从句 顾名思义，非限制性定语从句就是不起限制性作用的定语从句。它和限制性作用的定语从句的区分在书写的形式上表现为：非限制性定语从句和它修饰的名词、代词或句子用逗号隔开。如： The boys reached an island separated from the outside world, where they believed lots of treasure was hidden somewhere. We all know clearly the immediate future, beyond which, however, it is hard to tell what lies. Our friendship was hatched back in 1995, since when we have kept in touch with each other. More and more people go jogging in the morning, whose benefits for health arise from the air rich in oxygen. The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year. He is addicted to computer games, which are harmful to his studies. He was seriously ill when he was young, which made him lose his sight. As is known to all of us, the Great Wall is a pride to the Chinese people. Most people in China play ping－pong, which makes it popular in China. 非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，相当于一个并列句或两个简单句，但非限制性定语从句让整个句子显得简洁。如： Peter, whose cooking interests people from far and wide, was once young Chef of the Year. =Peter was once young Chef of the Year. His cooking interests people from far and wide. =Peter was once young Chef of the Year, and his cooking interests people from far and wide. Most people get up late in the morning on weekends, when the cleaners still have much work to do. =Most people get up late in the morning on weekends and the cleaners still have much work to do then. =Most people get up late in the morning on weekends. The cleaners still have much work to do then. 对比： I can’t afford a house that/which has a big garden.(我买不起有大花园的房子。) He bought a house, which has a big garden.(我买了台房子。这房子有个大花园。) 由于非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，所以在whom,which前有介词或有some/many/all of等修饰表示整体的部分或所有时，就常用非限制性定语从句。 My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river. At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse. Lao Wang has three sons, two of whom are working in Beijing. Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of which is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 要注意这种非限制性定语从句和独立主格结构、并列句及语段的区分： Lao Wang has three sons, two of whom are working in Beijing. =Lao Wang has three sons, two of them working in Beijing. = Lao Wang has three sons; two of them are working in Beijing. = Lao Wang has three sons. Two of them are working in Beijing. Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of which is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of them being The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels; one of them is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels. One of them is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 这种非限制性定语从句也可能出现“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词” 引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句的实际运用中还会出现像“in which case, during which time, since when, in whose…”等具体语境的类似“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词”的短语引导非限制性定语从句。如： (1) She hid herself behind the door, from where she could see the girl clearly. 这里的where相当于behind the door。如果把where 换成which，就变成从门上看，意义上就错误了。英语中没有双介词加关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的现象。 (2) New bamboo shoots appear from around the roots of the old ones, from where they grow higher and higher. (3) He may win the match tonight, in which case he may be admitted to the national team. = He may win the match tonight. In that case he may be admitted to the national team. (4) With the development of agriculture, the people, in whose village he taught English ten years ago, have led a happy life. (5) He studied in Nantong University between 1994 and 1998, during which time he made many friends.= He studied in Nantong University between 1994 and 1998. During the time he made many friends. (6)I came to Nantong in 1983, since when great changes have taken place here. = I came to Nantong in 1983. Since then great changes have taken place here. 以上六句话是非限制定语从句中常出现的难句。在进行了以上对比分析后，难句不难。 英语中，不是所有的关系代词和关系副词都可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词that和关系副词why不可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词用来引导非限制定语从句即使作宾语也不能省略。 The girl, who loves sports, is a student. He bought a new blke, which was very nice. The students, who/whom a teacher treats as his or her own children, always learn quickly. 在学习和使用非限制定语从句时要注意which和as的区别。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后, 也可放在主句中间，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect等。 As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid－term examination. Pingchao is a beautiful town, as we all know. which和as一样，也可以修饰整个句子，但有区别： 当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导。 Tom drinks a lot everyday, which his wife doesn’t like at all. which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句只能放在句尾，而as引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句尾或句中。 Li Ping is good at English, as we all know. As is known to all of us, the Great Wall is a pride to the Chinese people. Most people in China play ping－pong, which makes it popular in China. which在引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句中一般作行为动词的主语。 Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, which benefits his students greatly. 在很多情况下，which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可以用现在分词来改写，变化成结果状语。 Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, which benefits his students greatly. =Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, benefiting his students greatly. He was seriously ill when he was young, which made him lose his sight. =He was seriously ill when he was young, making him lose his sight. 巩固练习 根据句境用正确词填空，每空一词。 Xiangyang, (1)____ lies in the heart of Sunshine Town, is the best place for a holiday. And the Ruiying Hotel, (2)____ is the only hotel in Xiangyang, is the best place to stay at. The street, (3)____ the hotel lies, is quiet and clean. Most people get up late in the morning on weekends, (4)____ the cleaners still have much work to do. The cleaners keep the street clean and beautiful. Ruiying, (5)____ bought this small hotel three years ago, has already won a lot of praise for excellence. The guests, (6)____ Ruiying treats as members of her family always come here for meals. Some of (7)____ once stayed at the hotel and said it was “great”. (8)____ visitors come to Sunshine Town, Xiangyang and its Ruiying Hotel will not disappoint them. Grammar and usage & integrated skills 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. Hotel (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. The huts blend in perfectly with their （surround） Sustainable development requires us to live harmony with our environment. Gas and oil (consume) always increases in cold weather. Although it was snowing heavily, the soldiers made their way the village. The Digital World is a set of volumes which aim (describe) how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free. Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life- his uncle, was well-known actor. Was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 语法填空 We drove along a (mud ) lane to reach the farmhouse. The children were following every word of the story (intent). Nowadays more and more people prefer to go （hike）in the woods. She spoke with （delicate）of our recent loss. He stopped and enjoyed the fantastic scenery amusement. She took off her hat and let the sun beat on her. When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned contrast. The sky was (dot) with stars. If the plan goes well, we may be about ( witness) significant progress on our experiment. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation. 单句表达 根据提示补全句子 这一证据不够详尽，不足以支持他的论点。（be+adj+enough+to do 结构 ; sustain） 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着这个问题。（非谓语动词） All night long he 这对夫妻之间的矛盾归根结底是孩子的教育问题。（come） 一直朝着这个方向走，直到你看见一个指示牌。（until 引导时间状语从句） Continue in this direction 正是在五月你才可以看到这种花。（强调句） 现在他拥有一家大公司，并且在社会上有很高的地位。（possession） 小山上坐落着一座古庙。（完全倒装） 专家表明，要不了多久，这项技术就会广泛投入使用，以保护博物馆中展出的文物。（before） 文物，古董：antique 我们都知道，接触真实的语言环境对我们的语言学习十分有益。 A Graffiti 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Graffiti Have you ever written anything on a wall It's nothing new, and for thousands of years humans have been writing messages on walls, bridges, and buildings as a means of expressing themselves. Ancient Graffiti Some of the first graffiti artists were the Vikings. You can read some at a prehistoric site in Scotland. The Vikings broke into the burial site about 800 years ago, hoping to find treasure. Unfortunately, there wasn't any; however, the cave was a good place to shelter from the terrible storm that night, where the Vikings left messages on the walls to pass the time. Interestingly, many of the things they wrote are typical of modern-day graffiti, for example “Benedikt made this cross"Political GraffitiAt times, graffiti is used to make political statements. During World War II，people in occupied Holland painted orange victory “V" signs on walls in major towns. Here's another example: “No more wars!"American GraffitiDuring the 1970s a new type of graffiti became popular in the States: tagging (标记) Bands of youngsters sipped away into the streets at night with cans of paint and left their tags on as many walls as possible. Some people see this form of graffiti as an example of urban art; others see it as an example of urban decline.British GraffitiIn Britain, one of the most popular forms of graffiti is known as “toilet graffiti", which is common on the walls of public toilets all over the country. The graffiti often consists of a funny or rude comment. Occasionally it will be a response to another piece of graffiti or at other times it will be a political comment.
21. Why did the Vikings leave messages at the prehistoric site A. To relieve their boredom. B. To cause a sense of mystery. C. To display their strength. D. To show their disappointment. 22. As far as the author's concerned, it is believed that A. the Vikings created the very first graffiti B. political graffiti resulted in more conflicts C. there remain some arguments about tagging D. rude comments are not allowed on walls 23.In which of the following types can you communicate in others' absence A. Ancient Graffiti. B. Political Graffiti. C. American Graffiti. D. British Graffiti. B “Have you checked the oil in the car ” my father used to say to me, his version of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with one about the oil. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it's often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It's mostly about your motor vehicle. My student car—an old green Toyota bought for $500—was the vehicle for which my father carved his paternal affections（父爱）. I bet it’s always been so. Back in ancient Rome，the father would test the son on the state of his carriage. Why can't fathers just say “I love you” or “It's great to see you” The point is: You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the slightly lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the seal（密封圈） around the base of your toilet because I assume that thing is getting really smelly.” The affectionate phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born" may be rarely heard, but there is the more common “I'll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip in that Toyota. My father stood on the corner. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don't try overtaking anything faster than a horse and carriage. And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would repeat “horse-and-carriage” every time I sped up to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad's long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I'd have understood that the speech my friend and I so ignored was simply dad's attempt at affection. 24.According to the author, a typical father's greetings may start with “ A. Look who it is! B. Everything OK C. Hi, sweetheart! D. How's the leak in the ceiling 25. What did the author's old Toyota mean to his father A. A symbol of his son's admiration. B. A medium for his paternal love. C. A sign of a modernized lifestyle. D. A turning point in the family life. 26.Why does the author mention certain daily phrases in Paragraphs 4 and 5 A. To show the fatherlish's influence on kids. B. To illustrate a dad's loving concern for kids. C. To prove the usefulness of a dad's greetings. D. To compare different versions of fatherlish. 27.What is probably the best title for the passage A. Speaking Fluent Fatherlish B. Remembering Very Moments C. Displaying Parental Love D. Giving Practical Advice C What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard" or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories" improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower-performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works，the students were able to empathize（共情）with the scientists during their own struggles. 28.Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists A. They lack interest in science. B. They don't possess inborn talent. D. They have no ability to study science. C. They are short of confidence. 29.What's the purpose of the intervention A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B. To expose students to scientists' great achievements. C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D. To clear students' misunderstandings of scientific work. 30.The underlined word “pronounced"' in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A. delicate B. permanent C. doubtful D. apparent 31.What can we learn from the research A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C. Scientists' struggle stories can influence readers' beliefs. D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. D A terrible thing happened to me while I was watching TV recently: I realized that I had aged. Now of course l know that I am aging, it's just that I hadn't realized quite how old I was until I saw a participant who I recognized on a reality TV show. Well, I didn't recognize her but I recognized her name. I'd slightly known her in my 20s when she'd been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates' boyfriends. However, here's the thing that shocked me-I hadn't recognized her because rather than the beauty I remembered, on my TV was a middle-aged mum cooking. And then it hit me: that's what I look like too. It's a particularly cruel change of nature that we can't see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed. Occasionally we might get a rude awakening when suddenly our bodies stop working as expected but, for the most part, we're left to get on with growing old without too many reminders. But when you get a reminder...oof! Since that show aired, I have sat in front of the mirror analyzing my face and wondering how I came to look so like my mother without noticing. I've also realized that my waist no longer fits into baby fat but a middle-aged spread. I also fear that I don't know what middle age looks like for my generation. Did my mother still feel 24 when in reality she was 15 years older And why do I not feel like I'm where I should be as I approach 40 I definitely remember writing a list of things I will have achieved by the time I'm 40 at 19. Where is the house in the South of France or the Porsche 911 she so desperately wanted Since then, I've started to redefine myself. I don't want to put everything down to age but I can't quite stop myself. Tired again Must be my age. Thank God then for social media. All around me I see amazing women at the other end of their 40s. They've accepted their age and seem to love it, so I'm hopeful that as I move into the next decade that will be me too. And maybe I'll get the Porsche before I'm 50. 32.What is implied in Paragraph 1 A. The author has been friends with the TV celebrity. B. The TV celebrity used to be popular among boys. C. The TV celebrity now lives a life of extreme luxury. D. The aging process doesn't affect the TV celebrity. 33. In most cases, how do we perceive the aging process A. We clearly know what happens. B. It is very likely to slip our mind. C. We can accept it quite peacefully. D. It always brings about hopelessness. 34.The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refers to. A. a lady denying being old B. the ambitious self aged 19 C. a woman accepting her age D. the celebrity on the TV show 35. What is the theme of this article A. It matters not how long we live but how. B. Wrinkles are just evidence of great wisdom. C. Age is a very high price to pay for maturity. D. The best tunes are played on the oldest violins.
1课程主题：选择性必修三 Unit 1 Wish you were here 授课时间：
教学内容
词汇和短语互译(单词汉译英，短语英译汉) 1.______ adj. 开花的，盛开的，风华正茂的，bloom的现在分词(blooming) 2.______ vt. & vi. 展开，打开，展现，开花 (反义词：fold 折叠，裹) (unfold) 3.______ n. 领土，领地，版图，领域，范围，地区，区域 (territory) 4.______ n. 山谷，溪谷，流域 (valley) 5.______ n. 冰川 (glacier) 6.______ adj. 城市的，城镇的，城市里的，居住在城市的 (urban) 7.______ n. 少数，少数民族，少数群体，少数派，未成年 (minority) 8.______ n. 烹饪，烹饪术，烹调法，菜肴，饭菜，风味 (cuisine ) 9.______ adj. 精力充沛的，富有创新思想的，活跃的，动力的 (dynamic) 10.______ vt. 品尝，试尝，体验，抽样检验 n. 样品，货样，取样，样本(sample) 11.______ adj. 凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的 n. 凯尔特语 (Celtic) 12.______ n. 深度，深，深刻，深厚，最深处，深奥 (depth) 13.______ n. 郊区，城外，城郊 (suburb) 14.______ adj. 植物学的，植物的 (botanical) 15.______ adj. 克拉维斯的 n. 克拉维斯 (Clovis ) 16.______ n. 毛毯，厚层，床毯，覆盖物，覆盖层 vt. 覆盖，笼罩 (blanket) 17.______ n. 曲棍球，冰球运动，冰球，冰上曲棍球 (hockey) 18.______ n. 侄女，外甥女 (niece ) 19.______ n. 福祉，安康，幸福，康乐，福利，福利事业 (welfare) 20.______ adj. 围绕的，环绕的，周围的，附近的 (surrounding) 21.______ n. 和谐，协调，融洽，部分与整体之间或各部分之间的和谐有序(harmony) 22.______ n. 教堂，礼拜，敬拜 (church) 23.______ n. 规则，法规，道德准则，行为规范，密码，电码，代码 (code) 24.______ n. 雕像，塑像，雕塑 (statue) 25.______ n. 纪念品，纪念物 (souvenir) 26.______ n. 古董，古物，古玩 adj. 古董的，古玩的，古老的 (antique) 27.______ n. 花瓶，装饰瓶 (vase) 28.______ n. 由风吹积而成的沙丘 (dune) 29.______ n. 谷粒，谷物，粮食，谷类作物 (grain) 30.______ n. 户外烧烤，烤架，烤炉，烧烤， 烤肉 vt. 烤 (barbecue) 31.______ n. 泥；烂泥；泥浆，淤泥 (mud) 32.______ n. 边界，边疆，国界，边缘，界限 vi. & vt. 毗连，接壤，与......接壤(border) 33.______ n. 停车，停车位，停车处 adj. 停车的 (parking) 34.______ n. 砖，砖块，砖材，积木，砖块状物，可靠的人 (brick) 35.______ vt. 星星点点地布满，点缀，打点 n.点，小圆点，小数点 (dot) 36.______ n. 火腿，火腿肉 (ham) 37.______ n. 香肠，腊肠，香肠状物 (sausage) 38.______ n. 串，束，捆，大量 (bunch) 39.______ n. 徒步旅行，远足，提高 vi. & vt. 徒步旅行，远足，去徒步旅行，提高(hike) 40.______ n. 液体，液态物 adj. 液体的，液态的，流质的 (liquid) 41.______ adj. 北极的，北极区的，极冷的，寒冷的 (Arctic) 42.______ n. 狐，狐狸，狡猾的人 (fox) 43.______ adj. 极地的，完全相反的 (polar) 44.______ n. 羊羔，羔羊，羔羊肉，温顺的人 (lamb) 45.free sample___________ (免费样品) 46.off the beaten track____________ (人迹罕至，罕见，打破常规，不落俗套，远离闹市) e as no surprise______________ (没什么好惊讶的，不足为奇，毫不奇怪) e down to..._______________ (归结为......，可归纳为.....) 49.make one’s way to..._____________________ （去......，前往......） 50.beat down_______________ (阳光强烈照射，曝晒，击倒) 51.consist in...__________________ (存在于......) 1. depth n. 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚 [c/u] (P3, L37) ①at the depth of 在……的深处 ②in depth 深度；完全地，彻底地，深入地 ③out of one’s depth 非某人所能理解，非某人能力所及 ④hidden depths 深藏不露 ⑤the depths of winter/the countryside/the forest 隆冬/偏远地区/森林深处 ⑥in the depths of despair/depression 深感绝望/沮丧 ▲deep adj. 深的 adv. 深深地 ▲deeply adv. 深深地 ▲deepen vt. 加深，深化 辨析：deep与deeply的区别 1) deep“深深地”，用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间。 2) deeply“深深地”，用于抽象的、比喻的意义。 另外，deeply可以修饰形容词和过去分词，deep不能。 典题赏析： 1) The river is 10 meters ___________. The river is 10 meters ___________ ___________. 这条河深10米。 2) They talked _____________ into the night last night. 昨晚他们谈话直到深夜。 3) We were ____________ moved by his story. 我们被他的故事深深地感动了。 4) I haven’t looked at the report __________________ yet. 我还没有细看这份报告。 5) He felt totally ____________________ in his new job. 他感到自己根本不能胜任这新工作。 6) The girl was ______________________________ when she heard the bad news. 当那位姑娘听到噩耗时，她深感绝望。 2. (not) a bed of roses (=(not) all roses)（并非）轻松的情况， （并非）令人愉快的情况 (P6, L7) 典题赏析： 1) Their life together is ________________________. 他们在一起的生活十分幸福。 2) Life isn’t always _______________________ you know. 要知道，人生并非总是事事如意。 3. harmony n. 融洽，和睦 [u]；和谐，协调 [c/u]；和声 [c/u] (P6, L8) ①in harmony with与……和睦相处/协调一致 ②live/work in (perfect) harmony 一起生活/工作得（十分）和谐 ③out of harmony with与……不和睦相处/不协调一致 ▲harmonious adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的 典题赏析： 1) If man can’t live _________ harmony _________ nature, the balance will be destroyed. 2) Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________________________（与……和谐）nature. 【福建卷】 3) The newly married couple ______________________________. 那对新婚夫妇生活得十分和谐。 4) The violin was __________________________ the rest of instruments. 小提琴拉得与其他乐器不协调。 4. sustain vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持；遭受，蒙受，经受； 证明，证实；支撑，承受住；认可，确认，准许，支持 (P6, L10) ▲sustainable adj. 可持续的；不破坏生态平衡的，合理利用的 典题赏析： 1) Which planets can sustain life 意为：_____________ 2) The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in his lessons. 意为：____________ 3) The company sustained great losses last year. 意为：_____________ 4) The ice will not sustain your weight. 意为：_____________ 5) There was no proof to sustain his views. 意为：_____________ 6) The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal. 意为：_____________ 7) Sustainable development is the common target of human beings. 意为：_____________ 5. manner n. 方式，方法；态度，举止 [c]； 礼貌，规矩；风俗，习俗（复）(P7, B2, L5) ①in this/that manner以这/那种方式 ②in a...manner 以……的方式 ③in a manner of speaking 从某种意义上说，可以说，不妨说 ④in the manner of 体现……所特有的风格 ⑤good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 ⑥table manners 餐桌礼仪 典题赏析： 1) The manner ______________ which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable. 2) It is _____________________（有礼貌）to wait in line when shopping. 3) All these points of views are related __________________________（从某种意义上说）. 4) This is a painting ____________________________ Qi Baishi. 这是一幅体现齐白石风格的绘画。 6. come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 (P7, B2, L15) 典题赏析： 1) Their disagreement _______________________ money. 他们的争论归结起来就是金钱的问题。 7. make one’s way to 去，前往 (P9, Day2) 典题赏析： 1) Will you be able to ______________________ the station 你能自己去车站吗？ 8. furniture n. 家具 [u] (P9, Day2) ①a piece of furniture = an article of furniture 一件家具 ②a set/suit of furniture 一套家具 ▲furnish vt. 为……配备家具；提供，供应 ③furnish sb. with sth. = furnish sth. to sb. 提供某人某物 ▲furnished adj. 配备家具的；备有家具的 ④be furnished with 备有/提供…… 典题赏析： 1) The only piece of f _______________ he has in his room is a bed. 【浙江卷】 2) The room is ______________ with a desk and a chair. 这个房间备有一张桌子和一把椅子。 3) The apartment is well _______________. 那间公寓家具齐全。 9. tower vi. 高耸，屹立；（比……）优秀许多，高踞（于……之上） n. 塔，塔楼；发射塔；高柜，高架子 [c] (P11, L9) a tower block 公寓大楼，办公大楼，高层建筑 a clock/bell tower 钟楼 an ivory tower 象牙塔 the Tower of London 伦敦塔 the Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔 the Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 ①tower over/above 高于，超过（附近的人或物）； （在能力、品质等方面）胜过，远远超过 ②a tower of strength 可依靠的人，支柱，主心骨 典题赏析： 1) He ___________________ his classmates. 他的个子比班里其他同学高出一大截。 2) Mozart ___________________ all other composers. 莫扎特高踞于其他所有作曲家之上。 3) Her father was _____________________ to her when her marriage broke up. 她的婚姻破裂时，父亲成了她可以依靠的支柱。 10. beat down 强烈照射，暴晒 (on)；砸开，砸破； 说服某人降价，杀价 (to) (P11, L10) ①beat off 击退，打退，赶跑 ②beat out 扑灭；拷打逼供；用鼓点奏出；战胜，打败 ③beat up 痛打，殴打，打伤 ④beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块 典题赏析： 1) The sun _________________________ his back. 阳光火辣辣地照在他的背上。 2) We managed to ___________________ the dogs and run away. 我们设法把狗打跑，才得以脱身。 3) We ____________________ the flames. 我们把火扑灭了。 4) The poor boy ______________________________________. 那个可怜的孩子被打得青一块紫一块。 11. contrast [k n'trɑ:st] vi. 形成对比 (P11, L14) vt. 对比，对照 ['k ntrɑ:st] n. 差异，差别；对照物 [c/u] ①contrast...with... 把……和……进行对比 ②contrast with... 与……形成对比/截然不同 ③by/in contrast 相反；相比之下 ④in contrast to 与……相比 典题赏析： 1) It is interesting to _____________ the British legal system _____________ the American one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 2) The snow was icy and white, _______________________ the brilliant blue sky. 雪冰冷洁白，与明媚的蓝天形成对照。 3) When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned _____________________. 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。 4) Mary was short and fat, __________________________ her mother who was tall and thin. 玛丽又矮又胖，相比之下她的母亲又高又瘦。 12. starve vi. & vt.（使）饿死，（使）挨饿 (P11, L21) ①starve to death 饿死 ②starve for 渴望得到 ③starve...of/for... 使……得不到所需要的…… ④be starved of/for 得不到，缺乏 ⑤be starving/starved 饿极了，饿得很 ⑥starve sb. into doing sth. 断绝食物/资金来源以迫使某人做某事 ⑦starve sb. out (of sth.) 以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来 ▲starvation n. 饥饿，饿死 [u] ⑧die of starvation 饿死 典题赏析： 1) Many people starved _________ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies. 2) Some children in Africa died of ______________ because of a severe shortage of food. 3) The money has run out and they starve __________ a large sum of money to finish the work. 4) The department has been starved ______________ resources. 5) You must _______________________（饿坏了）! Come and eat lunch. 13. departure n. 离开，起程，出发 [c/u] (from, for)；班机，班车 [c]； 背离，违反，逾越 [c] (P12, L24) the departure lounge 候机室，候车室 the departure time 离站时间 the departure gate登机口，上车口 the departures board 车次/航班告示板 ▲depart vt. & vi. 离开，离去，起程，出发；离职 ①depart from违反，背离（惯例、传统、常规等） ②depart this life 去世，亡故 典题赏析： 1) They have received no news of him since his departure ____________ the island. 自从他离开这座岛屿后，他们再也没有收到他的消息。 2) There are several departures _____________ New York every day. 每天有好几个班次开往纽约。 3) _____________________ her usual routine, she took the bus to work. 她一反常态乘公交车上班了。 14. bunch n. 串，束；大量，大批；一群，一伙 [c] vi. & vt. 聚成堆/群；绷紧；起褶；绑/捆/扎成一束 (P12, L42) ①a bunch of+n. (c/u) 一串/一束/大量/一群…… ②the best/pick of the bunch 出类拔萃的人/物；精英；精品 ③bunch up/together 集中，聚拢 典题赏析： 1) Look! A bunch of girls _____________ sitting on the grass. 2) She picked me ____________________________. 她给我采了一束鲜花。 3) The sheep _______________________ as soon as they saw the dog. 那些绵羊一见到狗就挤作一团。 4) They are all good typists but Maria is ________________________. 她们都是打字好手，但玛丽亚是她们中最好的。 15. fetch vt.（去）拿来，（去）请来 (= go & bring back)；售得，卖得 (P12, L43) ①fetch sb. sth.=fetch sth. for sb. 为某人拿某物 ②fetch... from... 把……从……接/取来 ③fetch and carry (for sb.) （为某人）打杂/跑腿/当听差 ④fetch up 偶然来到，意外到达 典题赏析： 1) Will you ___________ my coat ____________ me 你可以帮我把我的外套拿来吗？ 2) The painting will ________________ a good price. 这幅画会卖得好价钱。 3) She has gone to _____________ the kids ______________ school. 她去学校接孩子了。 4) Am I supposed to _______________________ for him all day 难道要我整天替他打杂吗？ 5) I fell asleep on the train and ___________________ in Beijing. 我在火车上睡着了，醒来时竟到了北京。 16. possession n. 私人物品，个人财产 [c]；具有，拥有 [u]； 财产，所有物（复） (P12, L43) ①in possession of 占有，拥有 ②in the possession of 由……占有/拥有 ③take/have possession of 占有，拥有，拿到 ④come into one’s possession 为某人所得到/占有，落入某人手中 ⑤personal possessions 私人财产 ▲possess vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 ⑥What possessed sb. to do sth. 什么驱使某人干…… ⑦be possessed of 拥有，占有，具有 典题赏析： 1) The police went through all the dead girl’s __________________（所有财物）. 2) She was _______________ (possess) of exceptional powers of concentration. 3) How did the painting ________________________________ 你是怎样得到这幅画的？ 4) We didn’t __________________________the car until a few days after the auction. 拍卖会过后几天，我们才真正拿到了那辆汽车。 17. population n. “人口，人口数 [c/u]”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但当其与分数、百分数连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。表示人口“多、少”时，用large/small。对人口进行提问时，用what/how large。(P13, C, L2) ①have a population of 有……的人口 ②with a population of 有……的人口 典题赏析： 1) Two thirds of the population of our country _____________ (be) peasants. 2) The population of China __________ __________ than that of India. 中国的人口比印度多。 3) _______________ is the population of China 中国的人口是多少？ 4) 中国是一个拥有13亿人口的国家。（用两种译法） _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. 二、重点句型： 1. Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music will define your encounter. (P3, L24-26) 如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。 分析：句中should置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装。 用法：当if从句中含有were, had, should时，这时可以省略if，把were, had, should提前，构成倒装。 Were she here, she would attend the meeting too. 如果她在这里，她也参加会议。 Had we found him earlier, we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。 Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to stay at home. 若明天下雨，我们只好呆在家里。 Should anyone call, please tell them I will be back soon. 如果有人打电话来，请告诉他们我很快就回来。 典题赏析： 1) _______________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【江苏卷】 A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 2) _____________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.【天津卷】 A. Did he catch B. should he catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 3) ______________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.【福建卷】 A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been Key:1. deep, in depth; deep; deeply; in depth; out of his depth; in the depths of despair 2. a bed of roses; a bed of roses3. in, with; in harmony with; lived in perfect harmony; out of harmony with4. 维持；使保持，使稳定持续；遭受，蒙受，经受；支撑，承受住；证明，证实；认可，支持；可持续的5. in; good manners; in a manner of speaking; in the manner of 6. comes down to 7. make your own way8. furniture; furnished; furnished 18. towered over/above; towers over/above; a tower of strength 9. beat down on; beat off; beat out; was beaten black and blue 10. contrast, with; contrasting with; by contrast; in contrast to 11. to; starvation; for; of/for; be starving 12. from; for; Departing from 13. is/are; a bunch of flowers; bunched up/together; the best/pick of the bunch 14. fetch, for; fetch; fetch, from; fetch and carry; fetched up 15. possessions; possessed; come into your possession; take possession of 16. are; is larger; What/How large; China has a population of 1.3 billion./China is a country with a population of 1.3 billion. 二、重点句型： 1. BDA 三.语法 非限制性定语从句 顾名思义，非限制性定语从句就是不起限制性作用的定语从句。它和限制性作用的定语从句的区分在书写的形式上表现为：非限制性定语从句和它修饰的名词、代词或句子用逗号隔开。如： The boys reached an island separated from the outside world, where they believed lots of treasure was hidden somewhere. We all know clearly the immediate future, beyond which, however, it is hard to tell what lies. Our friendship was hatched back in 1995, since when we have kept in touch with each other. More and more people go jogging in the morning, whose benefits for health arise from the air rich in oxygen. The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year. He is addicted to computer games, which are harmful to his studies. He was seriously ill when he was young, which made him lose his sight. As is known to all of us, the Great Wall is a pride to the Chinese people. Most people in China play ping－pong, which makes it popular in China. 非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，相当于一个并列句或两个简单句，但非限制性定语从句让整个句子显得简洁。如： Peter, whose cooking interests people from far and wide, was once young Chef of the Year. =Peter was once young Chef of the Year. His cooking interests people from far and wide. =Peter was once young Chef of the Year, and his cooking interests people from far and wide. Most people get up late in the morning on weekends, when the cleaners still have much work to do. =Most people get up late in the morning on weekends and the cleaners still have much work to do then. =Most people get up late in the morning on weekends. The cleaners still have much work to do then. 对比： I can’t afford a house that/which has a big garden.(我买不起有大花园的房子。) He bought a house, which has a big garden.(我买了台房子。这房子有个大花园。) 由于非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，所以在whom,which前有介词或有some/many/all of等修饰表示整体的部分或所有时，就常用非限制性定语从句。 My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river. At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse. Lao Wang has three sons, two of whom are working in Beijing. Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of which is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 要注意这种非限制性定语从句和独立主格结构、并列句及语段的区分： Lao Wang has three sons, two of whom are working in Beijing. =Lao Wang has three sons, two of them working in Beijing. = Lao Wang has three sons; two of them are working in Beijing. = Lao Wang has three sons. Two of them are working in Beijing. Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of which is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels, one of them being The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels; one of them is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. =Mark Twain wrote many novels. One of them is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 这种非限制性定语从句也可能出现“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词” 引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句的实际运用中还会出现像“in which case, during which time, since when, in whose…”等具体语境的类似“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词”的短语引导非限制性定语从句。如： (1) She hid herself behind the door, from where she could see the girl clearly. 这里的where相当于behind the door。如果把where 换成which，就变成从门上看，意义上就错误了。英语中没有双介词加关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的现象。 (2) New bamboo shoots appear from around the roots of the old ones, from where they grow higher and higher. (3) He may win the match tonight, in which case he may be admitted to the national team. = He may win the match tonight. In that case he may be admitted to the national team. (4) With the development of agriculture, the people, in whose village he taught English ten years ago, have led a happy life. (5) He studied in Nantong University between 1994 and 1998, during which time he made many friends.= He studied in Nantong University between 1994 and 1998. During the time he made many friends. (6)I came to Nantong in 1983, since when great changes have taken place here. = I came to Nantong in 1983. Since then great changes have taken place here. 以上六句话是非限制定语从句中常出现的难句。在进行了以上对比分析后，难句不难。 英语中，不是所有的关系代词和关系副词都可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词that和关系副词why不可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词用来引导非限制定语从句即使作宾语也不能省略。 The girl, who loves sports, is a student. He bought a new blke, which was very nice. The students, who/whom a teacher treats as his or her own children, always learn quickly. 在学习和使用非限制定语从句时要注意which和as的区别。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后, 也可放在主句中间，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect等。 As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid－term examination. Pingchao is a beautiful town, as we all know. which和as一样，也可以修饰整个句子，但有区别： 当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导。 Tom drinks a lot everyday, which his wife doesn’t like at all. which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句只能放在句尾，而as引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句尾或句中。 Li Ping is good at English, as we all know. As is known to all of us, the Great Wall is a pride to the Chinese people. Most people in China play ping－pong, which makes it popular in China. which在引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句中一般作行为动词的主语。 Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, which benefits his students greatly. 在很多情况下，which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可以用现在分词来改写，变化成结果状语。 Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, which benefits his students greatly. =Mr. Lee teaches English in a lively and interesting way, benefiting his students greatly. He was seriously ill when he was young, which made him lose his sight. =He was seriously ill when he was young, making him lose his sight. 巩固练习 根据句境用正确词填空，每空一词。 Xiangyang, (1)____ lies in the heart of Sunshine Town, is the best place for a holiday. And the Ruiying Hotel, (2)____ is the only hotel in Xiangyang, is the best place to stay at. The street, (3)____ the hotel lies, is quiet and clean. Most people get up late in the morning on weekends, (4)____ the cleaners still have much work to do. The cleaners keep the street clean and beautiful. Ruiying, (5)____ bought this small hotel three years ago, has already won a lot of praise for excellence. The guests, (6)____ Ruiying treats as members of her family always come here for meals. Some of (7)____ once stayed at the hotel and said it was “great”. (8)____ visitors come to Sunshine Town, Xiangyang and its Ruiying Hotel will not disappoint them. 1.which 2.which 3.where 4.when 5.who 6.whom/who 7.them 8.When/If Grammar and usage & integrated skills 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. Hotel accommodation (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. The huts blend in perfectly with their surroundings （surround）棚屋与环境融为一体 Sustainable development requires us to live in harmony with our environment. Gas and oil consumption (consume) always increases in cold weather. Although it was snowing heavily, the soldiers made their way to/ towards the village. The Digital World is a set of volumes which aim to describe (describe) how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life- his uncle, who was well-known actor. As was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. We drove along a muddy (mud ) lane to reach the farmhouse. The children were following every word of the story intently (intent). Nowadays more and more people prefer to go hiking （hike）in the woods. She spoke with delicacy （delicate）of our recent loss. He stopped and enjoyed the fantastic scenery with/in amusement. She took off her hat and let the sun beat down on her. When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by/in contrast. The sky was dotted (dot) with stars. If the plan goes well, we may be about to witness ( witness) significant progress on our experiment. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation. 单句表达 根据提示补全句子 这一证据不够详尽，不足以支持他的论点。（be+adj+enough+to do 结构 ; sustain） The evidence is not detailed enough to sustain his argument. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着这个问题。（非谓语动词） All night long he lay awake, thinking of/ about the problem. 这对夫妻之间的矛盾归根结底是孩子的教育问题。（come） The conflict between the couple comes down to the education of their children. 一直朝着这个方向走，直到你看见一个指示牌。（until 引导时间状语从句） Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 正是在五月你才可以看到这种花。（强调句） It is in May that you can see this kind of flower. 现在他拥有一家大公司，并且在社会上有很高的地位。（possession） Now he in in /taking possession of a big company and had a high position in society. 小山上坐落着一座古庙。（完全倒装） An old temple stands/ sits on the hill. On the hill sits an old temple. 专家表明，要不了多久，这项技术就会广泛投入使用，以保护博物馆中展出的文物。（before） 文物，古董：antique Experts suggest that it won’t be long before the new technology is widely put to use to protect antiques displayed in musems. 我们都知道，接触真实的语言环境对我们的语言学习十分有益。 As we all know, being exposed to the real language environment is highly beneficial to our language learning. A Graffiti 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Graffiti Have you ever written anything on a wall It's nothing new, and for thousands of years humans have been writing messages on walls, bridges, and buildings as a means of expressing themselves. Ancient Graffiti Some of the first graffiti artists were the Vikings. You can read some at a prehistoric site in Scotland. The Vikings broke into the burial site about 800 years ago, hoping to find treasure. Unfortunately, there wasn't any; however, the cave was a good place to shelter from the terrible storm that night, where the Vikings left messages on the walls to pass the time. Interestingly, many of the things they wrote are typical of modern-day graffiti, for example “Benedikt made this cross"Political GraffitiAt times, graffiti is used to make political statements. During World War II，people in occupied Holland painted orange victory “V" signs on walls in major towns. Here's another example: “No more wars!"American GraffitiDuring the 1970s a new type of graffiti became popular in the States: tagging (标记) Bands of youngsters sipped away into the streets at night with cans of paint and left their tags on as many walls as possible. Some people see this form of graffiti as an example of urban art; others see it as an example of urban decline.British GraffitiIn Britain, one of the most popular forms of graffiti is known as “toilet graffiti", which is common on the walls of public toilets all over the country. The graffiti often consists of a funny or rude comment. Occasionally it will be a response to another piece of graffiti or at other times it will be a political comment.
21. Why did the Vikings leave messages at the prehistoric site A. To relieve their boredom. B. To cause a sense of mystery. C. To display their strength. D. To show their disappointment. 22. As far as the author's concerned, it is believed that A. the Vikings created the very first graffiti B. political graffiti resulted in more conflicts C. there remain some arguments about tagging D. rude comments are not allowed on walls 23.In which of the following types can you communicate in others' absence A. Ancient Graffiti. B. Political Graffiti. C. American Graffiti. D. British Graffiti. B “Have you checked the oil in the car ” my father used to say to me, his version of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with one about the oil. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it's often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It's mostly about your motor vehicle. My student car—an old green Toyota bought for $500—was the vehicle for which my father carved his paternal affections（父爱）. I bet it’s always been so. Back in ancient Rome，the father would test the son on the state of his carriage. Why can't fathers just say “I love you” or “It's great to see you” The point is: You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the slightly lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the seal（密封圈） around the base of your toilet because I assume that thing is getting really smelly.” The affectionate phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born" may be rarely heard, but there is the more common “I'll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip in that Toyota. My father stood on the corner. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don't try overtaking anything faster than a horse and carriage. And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would repeat “horse-and-carriage” every time I sped up to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad's long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I'd have understood that the speech my friend and I so ignored was simply dad's attempt at affection. 24.According to the author, a typical father's greetings may start with “ A. Look who it is! B. Everything OK C. Hi, sweetheart! D. How's the leak in the ceiling 25. What did the author's old Toyota mean to his father A. A symbol of his son's admiration. B. A medium for his paternal love. C. A sign of a modernized lifestyle. D. A turning point in the family life. 26.Why does the author mention certain daily phrases in Paragraphs 4 and 5 A. To show the fatherlish's influence on kids. B. To illustrate a dad's loving concern for kids. C. To prove the usefulness of a dad's greetings. D. To compare different versions of fatherlish. 27.What is probably the best title for the passage A. Speaking Fluent Fatherlish B. Remembering Very Moments C. Displaying Parental Love D. Giving Practical Advice C What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard" or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories" improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower-performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works，the students were able to empathize（共情）with the scientists during their own struggles. 28.Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists A. They lack interest in science. B. They don't possess inborn talent. D. They have no ability to study science. C. They are short of confidence. 29.What's the purpose of the intervention A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B. To expose students to scientists' great achievements. C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D. To clear students' misunderstandings of scientific work. 30.The underlined word “pronounced"' in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A. delicate B. permanent C. doubtful D. apparent 31.What can we learn from the research A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C. Scientists' struggle stories can influence readers' beliefs. D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. D A terrible thing happened to me while I was watching TV recently: I realized that I had aged. Now of course l know that I am aging, it's just that I hadn't realized quite how old I was until I saw a participant who I recognized on a reality TV show. Well, I didn't recognize her but I recognized her name. I'd slightly known her in my 20s when she'd been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates' boyfriends. However, here's the thing that shocked me-I hadn't recognized her because rather than the beauty I remembered, on my TV was a middle-aged mum cooking. And then it hit me: that's what I look like too. It's a particularly cruel change of nature that we can't see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed. Occasionally we might get a rude awakening when suddenly our bodies stop working as expected but, for the most part, we're left to get on with growing old without too many reminders. But when you get a reminder...oof! Since that show aired, I have sat in front of the mirror analyzing my face and wondering how I came to look so like my mother without noticing. I've also realized that my waist no longer fits into baby fat but a middle-aged spread. I also fear that I don't know what middle age looks like for my generation. Did my mother still feel 24 when in reality she was 15 years older And why do I not feel like I'm where I should be as I approach 40 I definitely remember writing a list of things I will have achieved by the time I'm 40 at 19. Where is the house in the South of France or the Porsche 911 she so desperately wanted Since then, I've started to redefine myself. I don't want to put everything down to age but I can't quite stop myself. Tired again Must be my age. Thank God then for social media. All around me I see amazing women at the other end of their 40s. They've accepted their age and seem to love it, so I'm hopeful that as I move into the next decade that will be me too. And maybe I'll get the Porsche before I'm 50. 32.What is implied in Paragraph 1 A. The author has been friends with the TV celebrity. B. The TV celebrity used to be popular among boys. C. The TV celebrity now lives a life of extreme luxury. D. The aging process doesn't affect the TV celebrity. 33. In most cases, how do we perceive the aging process A. We clearly know what happens. B. It is very likely to slip our mind. C. We can accept it quite peacefully. D. It always brings about hopelessness. 34.The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refers to. A. a lady denying being old B. the ambitious self aged 19 C. a woman accepting her age D. the celebrity on the TV show 35. What is the theme of this article A. It matters not how long we live but how. B. Wrinkles are just evidence of great wisdom. C. Age is a very high price to pay for maturity. D. The best tunes are played on the oldest violins. 21. A 22. C 23. D 24.D 25. B 26. B 27.A28.C29.D 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. B 34.C35.A
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