2022届高考英语二轮复习名词性从句教学案（含答案）

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句容三中
名 词 性 从 句
一 名词性从句的分类：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二．名词性从句的引导词：
连接词 ：that 引导陈述句 不作成分 无意义 起连接作用
连接词 ： if whether 引导一般疑问句 不作成分 是否 起连接作用
连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、
what Which 引导特殊疑问句 作成分 有意义 起连接作用
连接副词： when、 where、why、how
3． 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋that sb（should）do
It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that…奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 It is reported that 据报道… It is said that… 据说…
四．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。动词后第一宾语从句that通常可以省略
1. 作动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army.
2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.
五. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有（1）be（is,am,are ,was were）(2) 五个“起来”look, sound,smell,taste,feel.(3)四个“变得”become, turn get,go.(4)三个“保持”remain, keep,stay.(5)两个“好像”seem，appear（6）一个“证明是”prove等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that+原因… 和It is because +原因等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) The reason why he was late for school was that he missed the early bus.
4）That was because he missed the early bus.
六. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，同位语从句引导词有三类，常考由 that引导的同位语从句，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3..接同位语从句常见的名词(可以接内容的名词)
doubt, wonder, news, idea, fact, possibility, truth, belief, problem, information, order
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
七if与whether的区别．名词性从句遵循whether优先
只能使用whether 的情况
a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d.discuss和 介词后的宾语从句
e 直接加动词不定式只能用whether （to do）f whether or not 直接连用时不用if
1. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. The question is _______ this book is worth writing.
At the meeting, we discussed___ we should employ more workers.
A. if B. whether C. that D. /
八 whoever whatever等与who,what等的区别
whoever, whatever等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义（无疑问），相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而
who,what等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义（有疑问）。
1._______ has taken away my bag is unknown.
2._________ breaks the law will be punished.
九．no matter who/what等与whoever /whatever等的区别
no matter who/what等… 只能引导让步状语从句，whoever /whatever等既可引导让步状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.
Whoever destroys the forest will be punished .
十what 与that 在引导名词性从句中的区别
引导名词性从句时在从句中如缺主语．宾语．表语常用what，而that不充当句子成分。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation
十一 what与which ;whatever与whichever的区别
what与whatever 无范围选择;which与whichever有范围选择
1） The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
2） As many as five courses are provided ,and you are free to choose ＿＿suits you best.
A. wherever B. whenever C. whatever D. whichever
十二．名词性从句一定用陈述语序
1. The photographs will show you _______．（MET89）
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
十三. doubt 肯定句 whether/if 否定句/疑问句 that
There is no doubt____ he will win the first place .I doubt______ he will win the first place .
十四.what 引导的主语从句如表语是名词，根据表语确定单复数如表语不是名词为单数
What he needs _______that book. What he needs _______those books What he said _____right.
十五. 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词及相应的名词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
用“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的： propose, suggest, recommend, advise,
表示“决定、命令”的： order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的： insist
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己/坚持认为, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. suggest表示暗示、表明，宾语从句用陈述语气。表示建议用虚拟语气
3.she insists that she is right 4Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
名词性从句专题练习
1.He stood there for________seemed hours,then he heard someone coming towards the front door A that B what C which D whether.
2.---- .I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.（2010 江苏）
------That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A.where B.how C when D.what
3.The fact _____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
4.The mountain is no longer _____ it used to be.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
5.Jack said _____ to meet the American friends.
A. which he pleased B. he is pleased C. that he was pleased D. what he was pleased
6.He was always thinking of _____ he could help others. A. that B. how C. whom D. which
7. _______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C.Whichever D. Whenever
8.－Do you remember _____ he came
－Yes, I do. He came by car. A. when B. how C. where D. that
9. _____ color printing was invented by the Chinese as early as the 10th century
A. Do you think that is true B. Do you think it true that C. Is that true D. Is that said
10.His suggestion _____to see the exhibition interests every one of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go C. whether we should go D. we went
11.Have you any idea _____ A. how fast does light travel B. how does light travel fast C. how fast light travels D. light travels how fast
12.－What about seeing a film
－The key is _____we’ll have enough time. A. that B. if C. whether D. when
13.What a pity _____ is _____ you didn’t arrive by daylight.
A. there ; because B. it ; that C. he ; when D. that; for
14.－I believe _____ you’ve done your best and _____things will improve.
－Thank you.A. that ; 不填 B.不填 ; 不填 C. what ; 不填 D. 不填 ; that
15.Please give the book to _____ wins the first prize. A. who B. when C. whoever D. whomever
16.The fire destroyed _____ was in the building. A. all B. what C. that D. Which
17 The fire destroyed _____ was in the building. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
18.The question came up at the meeting _____ we had not enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. when D. if
19.The question came up at the meeting _____ we had enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. when D. if
20. _____ Jean didn’t pass the last English exam was quite beyond everyone’s expectation.
A. Why B. How C. Whether D. that
21 _____ is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing at all B. That’s worth doing at all
C. What’s worth doing it at all D. Whatever is worth doing it at all
22. What I need _______three books A.is B are C was D were
23.－What is not yet decided so far
－_____.
A. Cash crops will be produced next year B. If cash crops will be produced next year
C. That cash crops will be produced next year D. What cash crops will be produced next year
1-5 BAADC 6-10BCBBA 11-15 CCBDC 16-20 BABAD 21-23 ABD
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