Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.单元知识小结

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit12 单元知识小结
【语块梳理】
take a shower 洗淋浴
by the time ... 在……以前
alarm clock 闹钟
go off (闹钟)发出响声 wake up 醒来
put on some clothes 穿上衣服
rush out of the door 冲出门外
give ... a lift 捎……一程
at least 至少
be five minutes late for class 上课迟到5分钟
be full of ... 充满……
even though 即使；尽管
wait in line with ... 与……一起排队等待
go on 继续；发生
stare at sb. / sth. 盯着某人 / 某物
in disbelief 不信；怀疑地
jump out of bed 从床上跳下来
go straight to the airport 直奔机场
miss my plane 误了飞机
think to oneself 心中想；盘算
wait till the next day 等到第二天
hear about 听说 the day before 前一天
turn into 变成 show up 露面；赶到
by the end of 在(某时间点)以前
get dressed 穿上衣服
costume party 化装舞会
stay up all night 整晚熬夜
April Fool's Day 愚人节
an introduction to ... 对……的介绍
take place 发生 sell out 卖光
lose weight 减肥
find out 弄清；查明
get married 结婚
cancel his show 取消他的节目
hundreds of 成百上千的；数以百计的
thousands of 成千上万的；数以千计的
police officers 警官
rush to ... 匆忙去……
more than 超过；多于
run away from 逃离
on the first day of school 在上学第一天
turn around 转向；回转
hand in 上交　
keep doing sth. 一直做某事
be about to do sth. 正要做某事
end up doing sth. 以做某事告终
【语法重点】
过去完成时
一、过去完成时的构成
助动词had+过去分词
二、过去完成时的用法
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即这一动作或状态发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如：
I forgot to tell you that I had read this novel before.
2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如：
Luke had been in China for seven years by the end of last year.
三、一些使用过去完成时的常见情况
1. 由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。如：
By ten o'clock yesterday evening, she had finished her homework.
2. 由by the time (在……以前)和when / before引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用过去完成时。如：
By the time I got home, my father had left for New York.
Ann had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
Tim had rushed out of the door before I could stop him.
3. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。如：
The Smiths were glad to know that their son had won the competition.
【链接】现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，侧重过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，与现在有关；过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。如：
We have lived here for ten years.
We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year.
【重点讲解】
1. alive
alive作形容词，可意为“活着”，在句中常作表语或宾语补足语。有这种用法的形容词还有：alone (孤独的)，asleep (睡着)，awake (醒着)等。
【运用】选词填空，可重复使用
asleep, alive, awake, alone
A: Linda, are you still (1)_______
B: Yes. I can't fall (2)_______.
A: Why
B: Because of the sad movie.
A: Oh, in the movie, the rainstorm was really terrible. So many people lost their lives.
B: But luckily, the main character Tom was (3)_______ although he was badly hurt.
A: Yes. Medicine kept him (4)_______.
B: Yes. All in all, he was a lucky dog. But he might feel (5)_______ because his relatives all died in the storm.
A: What a poor boy!
2. till & until
till和until都意为“到；直到”，都可作介词和连词，通常可以互换使用。如果主句为一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，till 和until引导的时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在使用till和until时，我们需要注意以下两点：
◆延续性动词的肯定式与till / until短语或其引导的时间状语从句连用时，表示该动作一直持续到till / until表示的时间为止。
◆终止性动词的否定式与till / until短语或其引导的时间状语从句连用时，表示“直到……才……”。
【运用】单项选择
(1) We don't know the love of our parents _______ we become parents ourselves one
day.
A. until B. after C. when D. since
(2) —Excuse me. Is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait outside _______ your name is called.
A. until B. since C. so
(3) —Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station
—Walk straight on _______ you see a white building. It's right there.
A. though B. since C. until D. if
(4) Time waits for no man. But some people won't realize the importance of time
_______ it's gone.
A. as B. since C. when D. until
(5) In order to watch the game, my father stayed up _______ two in the morning.
A. from B. till C. for D. at
(6) —Mom, could I swim with my friends now
—Sorry, you can't swim _______ you finish your book report.
A. when B. if C. after D. till
3. by the end of
by the end of 意为“在(某时间点)以前”。
【链接】含end 的短语：
◆in the end 意为“终于；最后”，与at last 和finally意思相同。
◆at the end of 意为“在……的末端；在……末尾”，既可以表示在空间的“末端”，也可以表示时间的“结尾”。
【运用】用by the end of，in the end 或at the end of 填空
(1) My brother tried many times to pass the exam and ____________ he succeeded.
(2) ____________ the party, he sang us an English song.
(3) They had finished the work ____________ last Sunday.
(4) ____________ the road, you'll find a big restaurant.
4. Life is full of the unexpected.
◆句意：生活充满了意外。
◆句中the unexpected是定冠词与形容词连用，表示一类人或事物， 在句中起名词的作用。如：the old (老人)，the young (年轻人)，the disabled (残疾人)等。
【注意】
◆当这些名词化的形容词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它们所表示的概念的单复数情况。
◆名词化形容词前面一般用定冠词the，但若由连词and连接，成对使用时(两个形容词往往为反义词)，又通常被省去。
【运用】完成句子
(1) 在那家医院里病人总是受到很好的照顾。
_______________ always looked after well in that hospital.
(2) 进入那个公园老人需要买票。
_______________ to buy tickets to the park.
(3) 老老少少都喜欢他。
He is liked by both _______________.
5. 巧记单词(黑体词为本单元所学词汇)
expect (预料；期待)→expected (预期的) →unexpected (出乎意料的；始料不及的)
work (工作)→worker (工作者；工人)
believe (相信)→belief (相信；信心) →disbelief (不信；怀疑)
→believable (可相信的；可信任的)→unbelievable (不可相信的；不可信任的)
burn (着火；燃烧)→burning (着火的；燃烧的)
embarrass (使窘迫；使尴尬)
→embarrassed (窘迫的； 害羞的)
→embarrassing (使人害羞的、难堪的)
announce (宣布；宣告)→announcement (公告；宣告)
discover (发现；发觉)→discovery (发现；发觉)
appear (出现)→disappear (消失；不见)
答案
1. (1) awake (2) asleep (3) alive (4) alive (5) alone
2. (1)-(6) AACDBD
3. (1) in the end (2) At the end of (3) by the end of (4) At the end of
4. (1) The sick are (2) The old need (3) young and old
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