语法填空提示空技巧
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文档简介
Step One: Warming Up Hello!
Greeting
Step Two: Revision Come on!
回顾上次所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。
纯空格题（非提示空）：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词
冠词：the和a/an.在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等
如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a或an。
介词：in, on, for, to , with, as等。当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。
代词：人称代词I,you, she, he, they, it,me,you, her,him,them,it. 不定代词： some, any, another, others, all,both, either,neither，something,anything,someone,反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself.
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词.
连词：并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or，but，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。
从属连词：用来引导从句。它包括：that，when，till，until after，before，since，because，if，whether。though，although，so…that，so that，as soon as， as…as等。
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词。
起承转合的副词或副词性短语、数词和特殊句型
副词（短语）有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等
数词的考查，主要是基数词与序数词的转换。
特殊句型
(1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词,或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did等
(2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时;
(3)填it或that,以构成it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。
3.语法填空考点（提示空）
用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转换等。
Step Three : Key points and analysis
基本语法的解析
用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：
解题方法：句意理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------根据词性进行词类转换 -------分析综合，确定答案
一）谓语动词：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)He ______________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young man _______ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink
4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane ____________(inform).
5.(2008) Being too anxious to help an event develop often ______(result) in the contrary to our intention.
6.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _____(break) down near a remote village.
详解：
1. 在主语He后, pretend显然是谓语动词; giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是He, 因此, and giving与谓语动词是并列关系; 由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时, 故填was pretending。
2. 动词present(赠予), 在主语the young man后, 应是谓语动词; 由语境, 即上下文的谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故填presented。
4. 因inform在主语Jane后作谓语, Jane与inform是被动关系, 又是一般过去时, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was informed。
5. 句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语, result应是谓语动词; “急于求成, 往往会事与愿违”是客观真理, 应当用一般现在时; 动名词短语作主语, 谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填results。
6. 在when后的分句中, my car是主语, 其后的break应为谓语动词; 由全文可知, 这是叙述过去的经历, 用一般过去式; 再说was / were doing... when...did...是一个固定句型,when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时, 表示“正在做某事, 就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事”, 故填broke。
归纳总结：
当句子缺少谓语动词时, 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。
此时, 要根据语境确定用哪种时态, 根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。
二）非谓语动词：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)I noticed a man _________(sit) at the front.
2.(2010) He spit it out, ________(say) it was awful.
3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
4. (2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
5.(2007)While she was getting me _____ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car
详解：
1. 已有谓语动词noticed, 且sit前没有并列连词, 因此, sit是非谓语动词; 由固定句式notice sb.doing/ do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知, 填sitting或sit, 但我们认为, 根据文中提供的情境, 不难推出,作者“注意到”时, 那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的, 故填sitting更准确、更切实际、也更生动。
2. 因句中已有谓语动词spit了, 而say前又没有并列连词, 所以say应为非谓语动词; 又因he与say是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状语, 填saying。
3. 因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语构成谓语), 动词please(使高兴)应为非谓语动词; 在形容词后作状语, 只能用动词不定式, 故填to please。
4. 因“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拔高(plucking up a crop)”的目的, 作目的状语, 通常只能用动词不定式, 故填to help。顺便提提, “plucking up a crop to help it grow”是动名词短语, 作主语the proverb的同位语。
5. 在句中已有谓语动词was getting，而又没有并列连词与该谓语动词并列，考虑非谓语动词，而非谓语动词有to do ,doing,和done形式。To do,表将来和目的，doing表主动和进行。Done表被动和完成。根据settle和逻辑宾语me的关系，应是被动。用settled作me宾补。
归纳总结：
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (一般)或不定式形式(具体)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/ notice sb. do/doing sth. ,spend...doing sth.等。
三）形容词和副词比较级：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment _____(late) that day.
2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _______(sweet).
3.(2008)...he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day... he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ______(high).
4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes _________ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.
详解：
1. 句子结构完整, 需要副词作状语, 而late (迟,晚)本身可作副词, 因此, 不必作词类转化, 可想到用其比较级形式, 填later; later that day指“那天晚些时候”。
2. 在be后作表语, 用形容词, 而括号中所给的sweet本身就是形容词, 因此无需词性转化, 可想到用其比较级; 由语境可知, 这是省略了than the water的隐性比较级, 故填sweeter。意思是“什么也不会比这水更甜”即“这水是世界上最甜的”, 比较级形式表示最高级含义。
3. 因修饰谓语did “grow”, 作状语, 用副词, 而high本身可以作副词, 无需词类转化, 可想到用其比较级; 由语境分析可知, 这是省略了than before的隐性比较级, 指比他pluck up之前“长”得更高了, 故higher。
4. 与difficult作并列表语, 需填形容词; 而possible本身是形容词, 无需作词性转换; 但由语境不难理解句意, “某种习惯一旦形成, 就很难戒掉, 有时甚至戒不了”; 因此, 要填与possible意义相反的impossible。
归纳总结：
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。
注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级(如上述1～3题)。
四）词类转换：根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)He must be ________ (mental) disabled.
2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
3.(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her ______(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
4.(2008)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______(nature) course.
5.(2007)We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night.
6. He failed his maths examination because of his ________(care) work.
7.In Alaska, the wolf almost ________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
详解：
1. 修饰分词形容词, 作状语, 用副词形式, 故填mentally。
2. 修饰谓语动词smiled, 做状语,用副词形式, 故填warmly。
3. 在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词, 或者说, 在形容词性物主代词后,一定是用名词形式, 故填choice。
4. 在名词course前作定语, 要用形容词, 故填natural。
5. 修饰谓语动词talked, 作状语, 应用副词,故填merrily。
6. 在名词前作定语, 要用形容词; 由failed...可知, 要填表示否定意义的careless(粗心大意的), 意义才通顺。
7. 在句中作谓语, 应填谓语动词; appear本身就是动词, 无需作词性变化; 但是根据后文可知, 意思是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”, 故填与appear意义相反的disappear; 又由a few years ago可知, 要用一般过去式。
归纳总结：
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。
我们可据以下3条顺利解题：
(1)作主语或宾语用_____形式；
(2)作定语、表语或补足语用__ _形式;
(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用_ _形式。
另外注意：
(1)有时不但要注意词性转换, 而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6题)；
(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。
Step Four:语篇专题训练
1.纯空格填空：
解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案
2.用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：
解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------根据词性进行词类转换 -------分析综合，确定答案
重新检验上次作业（真题）
二、
语法填空专练一
In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now?
语法填空专练二
Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.
语法填空专练三
We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam) systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination. There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge.
Step Five: Homework
请以放电影的形式，回顾所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。
二、 请抄写下语法填空真题训练中的生单词，并进行熟记。
三、 语法专练------熟能生巧：
语法填空专练四
Many Chinese believe 1 (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2 (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 3 , doctor don’t recommend to eat 4 raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found 5 relationship 6 diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet 7 most people lack the special vitamins 8 these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 9 (regular), they can increase brain power--help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and 10 (less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.
语法填空专练五
Millions 1 words have been said about young people in the United States. There are reasons for this great interest in their ideas, 2 (feel) and actions. Today there are about eight million Americans in the colleges and universities. The young under twenty-five make 3 nearly half of the American population, many of 4 will be in power in the U.S.. 5 (nature), their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and 6 is necessary for the older people to understand 7 they think and feel. College students today have strong opinions about right and 8 . They are deeply interested in making a 9 (good) life for all the people, especially for those who have never 10 (give) a fair chance before.
语法填空专练六
Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____ (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. ______2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the young people.
“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia. My race went ______5_____ (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is_____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.”
Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. ___9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s ____10____ I love.”
语法填空专练七
Life is difficult. But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it. Most do not fully see this truth. ___1___ they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent ___2___special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.___3___ makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems ___4___ painful. Problems, ___5___ (depend) on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are ___6___ (comfort) feelings, often as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.
Problems are the serious test that tells success from___7___ (fail). When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems just as in school we set problems for our children __8___(solve). It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems ___9___we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt , instruct.” It is ___10___this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
加油！
Greeting
Step Two: Revision Come on!
回顾上次所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。
纯空格题（非提示空）：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词
冠词：the和a/an.在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等
如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a或an。
介词：in, on, for, to , with, as等。当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。
代词：人称代词I,you, she, he, they, it,me,you, her,him,them,it. 不定代词： some, any, another, others, all,both, either,neither，something,anything,someone,反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself.
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词.
连词：并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or，but，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。
从属连词：用来引导从句。它包括：that，when，till，until after，before，since，because，if，whether。though，although，so…that，so that，as soon as， as…as等。
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词。
起承转合的副词或副词性短语、数词和特殊句型
副词（短语）有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等
数词的考查，主要是基数词与序数词的转换。
特殊句型
(1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词,或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did等
(2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时;
(3)填it或that,以构成it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。
3.语法填空考点（提示空）
用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转换等。
Step Three : Key points and analysis
基本语法的解析
用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：
解题方法：句意理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------根据词性进行词类转换 -------分析综合，确定答案
一）谓语动词：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)He ______________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young man _______ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink
4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane ____________(inform).
5.(2008) Being too anxious to help an event develop often ______(result) in the contrary to our intention.
6.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _____(break) down near a remote village.
详解：
1. 在主语He后, pretend显然是谓语动词; giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是He, 因此, and giving与谓语动词是并列关系; 由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时, 故填was pretending。
2. 动词present(赠予), 在主语the young man后, 应是谓语动词; 由语境, 即上下文的谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故填presented。
4. 因inform在主语Jane后作谓语, Jane与inform是被动关系, 又是一般过去时, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was informed。
5. 句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语, result应是谓语动词; “急于求成, 往往会事与愿违”是客观真理, 应当用一般现在时; 动名词短语作主语, 谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填results。
6. 在when后的分句中, my car是主语, 其后的break应为谓语动词; 由全文可知, 这是叙述过去的经历, 用一般过去式; 再说was / were doing... when...did...是一个固定句型,when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时, 表示“正在做某事, 就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事”, 故填broke。
归纳总结：
当句子缺少谓语动词时, 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。
此时, 要根据语境确定用哪种时态, 根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。
二）非谓语动词：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)I noticed a man _________(sit) at the front.
2.(2010) He spit it out, ________(say) it was awful.
3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
4. (2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
5.(2007)While she was getting me _____ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car
详解：
1. 已有谓语动词noticed, 且sit前没有并列连词, 因此, sit是非谓语动词; 由固定句式notice sb.doing/ do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知, 填sitting或sit, 但我们认为, 根据文中提供的情境, 不难推出,作者“注意到”时, 那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的, 故填sitting更准确、更切实际、也更生动。
2. 因句中已有谓语动词spit了, 而say前又没有并列连词, 所以say应为非谓语动词; 又因he与say是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状语, 填saying。
3. 因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语构成谓语), 动词please(使高兴)应为非谓语动词; 在形容词后作状语, 只能用动词不定式, 故填to please。
4. 因“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拔高(plucking up a crop)”的目的, 作目的状语, 通常只能用动词不定式, 故填to help。顺便提提, “plucking up a crop to help it grow”是动名词短语, 作主语the proverb的同位语。
5. 在句中已有谓语动词was getting，而又没有并列连词与该谓语动词并列，考虑非谓语动词，而非谓语动词有to do ,doing,和done形式。To do,表将来和目的，doing表主动和进行。Done表被动和完成。根据settle和逻辑宾语me的关系，应是被动。用settled作me宾补。
归纳总结：
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (一般)或不定式形式(具体)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/ notice sb. do/doing sth. ,spend...doing sth.等。
三）形容词和副词比较级：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment _____(late) that day.
2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _______(sweet).
3.(2008)...he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day... he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ______(high).
4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes _________ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.
详解：
1. 句子结构完整, 需要副词作状语, 而late (迟,晚)本身可作副词, 因此, 不必作词类转化, 可想到用其比较级形式, 填later; later that day指“那天晚些时候”。
2. 在be后作表语, 用形容词, 而括号中所给的sweet本身就是形容词, 因此无需词性转化, 可想到用其比较级; 由语境可知, 这是省略了than the water的隐性比较级, 故填sweeter。意思是“什么也不会比这水更甜”即“这水是世界上最甜的”, 比较级形式表示最高级含义。
3. 因修饰谓语did “grow”, 作状语, 用副词, 而high本身可以作副词, 无需词类转化, 可想到用其比较级; 由语境分析可知, 这是省略了than before的隐性比较级, 指比他pluck up之前“长”得更高了, 故higher。
4. 与difficult作并列表语, 需填形容词; 而possible本身是形容词, 无需作词性转换; 但由语境不难理解句意, “某种习惯一旦形成, 就很难戒掉, 有时甚至戒不了”; 因此, 要填与possible意义相反的impossible。
归纳总结：
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。
注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级(如上述1～3题)。
四）词类转换：根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
边做边悟：
1.(2011)He must be ________ (mental) disabled.
2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
3.(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her ______(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
4.(2008)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______(nature) course.
5.(2007)We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night.
6. He failed his maths examination because of his ________(care) work.
7.In Alaska, the wolf almost ________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
详解：
1. 修饰分词形容词, 作状语, 用副词形式, 故填mentally。
2. 修饰谓语动词smiled, 做状语,用副词形式, 故填warmly。
3. 在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词, 或者说, 在形容词性物主代词后,一定是用名词形式, 故填choice。
4. 在名词course前作定语, 要用形容词, 故填natural。
5. 修饰谓语动词talked, 作状语, 应用副词,故填merrily。
6. 在名词前作定语, 要用形容词; 由failed...可知, 要填表示否定意义的careless(粗心大意的), 意义才通顺。
7. 在句中作谓语, 应填谓语动词; appear本身就是动词, 无需作词性变化; 但是根据后文可知, 意思是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”, 故填与appear意义相反的disappear; 又由a few years ago可知, 要用一般过去式。
归纳总结：
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。
我们可据以下3条顺利解题：
(1)作主语或宾语用_____形式；
(2)作定语、表语或补足语用__ _形式;
(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用_ _形式。
另外注意：
(1)有时不但要注意词性转换, 而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6题)；
(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。
Step Four:语篇专题训练
1.纯空格填空：
解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案
2.用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：
解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------根据词性进行词类转换 -------分析综合，确定答案
重新检验上次作业（真题）
二、
语法填空专练一
In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now?
语法填空专练二
Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.
语法填空专练三
We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam) systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination. There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge.
Step Five: Homework
请以放电影的形式，回顾所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。
二、 请抄写下语法填空真题训练中的生单词，并进行熟记。
三、 语法专练------熟能生巧：
语法填空专练四
Many Chinese believe 1 (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2 (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 3 , doctor don’t recommend to eat 4 raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found 5 relationship 6 diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet 7 most people lack the special vitamins 8 these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 9 (regular), they can increase brain power--help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and 10 (less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.
语法填空专练五
Millions 1 words have been said about young people in the United States. There are reasons for this great interest in their ideas, 2 (feel) and actions. Today there are about eight million Americans in the colleges and universities. The young under twenty-five make 3 nearly half of the American population, many of 4 will be in power in the U.S.. 5 (nature), their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and 6 is necessary for the older people to understand 7 they think and feel. College students today have strong opinions about right and 8 . They are deeply interested in making a 9 (good) life for all the people, especially for those who have never 10 (give) a fair chance before.
语法填空专练六
Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____ (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. ______2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the young people.
“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia. My race went ______5_____ (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is_____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.”
Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. ___9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s ____10____ I love.”
语法填空专练七
Life is difficult. But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it. Most do not fully see this truth. ___1___ they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent ___2___special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.___3___ makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems ___4___ painful. Problems, ___5___ (depend) on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are ___6___ (comfort) feelings, often as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.
Problems are the serious test that tells success from___7___ (fail). When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems just as in school we set problems for our children __8___(solve). It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems ___9___we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt , instruct.” It is ___10___this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
加油！