中 考 总 复 习 语 法 专 题--名词 导学案
一、名词的意义和分类（普通名词和抽象名词）
二、名词中考考点探究
1.名词的数
2.名词的量
3.名词所有格
4.名词辨析
考点一：名词的数
可数名词（1）规则名词的复数形式
（2）不规则名词的复数形式
1.用所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Autumn is coming, look at the falling________(leaf).
2. I know one of the__________. (boy)
3. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of________. (glass)
4. Are there any_______in the box (potato)
5. There are twelve________in a year. (month)
6.Please give them their___________. (photo)
7.The _________(Parry) have had a happy life since then.
不可数名词
常见的既可当可数名词又可当不可数名词
重难点突破 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Two boxes of milk______(be) on the table.
2.The Russian soup and bread ____________(taste) very delicious.
3.A lot of rubbish ________________（throw） away everywhere.
4.The advice that the teacher gives me_____________(work)out
fine. I have made great progress.
5.Some bread with two apples________ (be) left on the table.
考点二 名词的量
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格的构成（1）‘’s’ （2） of （3）双重所有格
1._______desk is long and wide. They like it very much.
A. Sonia's and Jane's B. Sonia and Jane's
C. Sonia and Jane D.Sonia's and Jane
2. Every morning Mr.Smith takes a _________to his office.
A.20 minutes' walks B.20 minute's walk
C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk
3.Can you tell me who won the ________ 100-meter race
A.girl B.girls C.girl's D.girls'
4.The ________ parents are waiting for their teacher in the meeting room.
A.children B.childrens' C.children's D.childrens
三、直击中考
词义辨析1.My uncle who lives in Shanghai has a lot of _______ to do, but he thinks his ________is meaningful.
A.work , job B.works, job C.works, jobs D.work, job
2. The fires from September 2019 to January 2020 in Australia have burned about 30% of the forests .As a result ,lots of animals have lost their___________.
A.home B.homes C.house D.houses
3.When the teacher came into the classroom,our monitor spoke in a loud_________,“stand up”.
A.noise B.voice C.sound D.noisy
咱们来找茬1.(2020宜昌）--The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.
--Sometimes small things can make a different.
2.(2020黄冈）Our hometown has left many soft memorize in our hearts.
3.(2020荆门）Celebrating Fathers' Day also makes fathers feel that their contributions(贡献）are acknowledged（认可）by their children and social.
4.(2020鄂州）Khan has three degrees from universities. He wants to use his knows to help more people. Thus, his courses are all offered for free.
语法试练兵
Yesterday, we had a _______(discuss) about great ______(invent). Among them,
I thought Tomas Edison was the one that had the greatest _________(achieve).Although he didn't get lots of ______________(educate), he sticked to his dream and never gave up. We are all in _____________(agree) that we should follow his _____________(example) and study hard.
语法填空Today, the increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile _________(phone) with their heads down. These people is called the “Heads-down Tribe”(低头族). Are you a heads-down tribe member Heads-down tribe_______(member) now can be seen everywhere.
More and more traffic __________(accidental) are happening because more drivers use mobile phones when they are driving. In order to make ___________ (drive) pay more attention to driving, some new traffic____________ （rule) have been made. For example, people who use mobile phones while driving in Taiwan are fined(处罚金) . As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost money.
Mobile phones are________(help) and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad It depends on how people use them. Let’s be _________(health) users and try not to be the “ Heads-up Tribe”.
Besides, more and more funny and strange ________(fact)happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”. For example, we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. It’s ____________(stranger) that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun __________(communication) with the others on the phone all the time.
Mobile phones are__________(help) and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad It depends on how people use them. Let’s be _________(health)users
and try not to be the “ Heads-up Tribe”.
四、Summary
五、Homework :
1.理解名词变复数，变所有格的规则
2.掌握下列的词形转变
形容词加后缀变名词
1.adj加th或去e加th warm- true-
2.adj 加ness ill- kind-
3.adj 加ty或y safe- difficult-
4. adj去le加ility able- possible-
名词变名词
1.＋ist(表示从事---研究者）
art-artist, science-scientist, physics-physicist, biology-biologist，violion-violinist, piano-pianist，tour-tourist，education-educationis
2.＋n或an（表示---地方的人）
America-American, Africa-African, Australia-Australian,
Asia-Asian, Europe-European
3.＋ian或去“y”＋ian(表示精通---的人）
music-musician, history-historian, library-librarian
4.＋er(表示从事某种职业的人或某地的人）
bank-banker, report-reporter, work-worker,
village-villager, farm-farmer
动词变名词
1.V加er或or (表示做某事的人）work-worker invent-inventor
2.V加ment achieve-achievement agree-agreement
3.V加tion/ation/sion decide-decision educate-education invent-invention
4.V加ance appear-appearance perform-performance
5.V加ing train-training say-saying
6.V加ure press-pressure mix-mixture(混合物）
形容词去后缀变名词
1.adj去y(尤其是与天气有关的名词）sunny-sun, healthy-health, lucky-luck
2.adj去al 或去al加e personal-person, natural-nature
3.adj去ful colorful-color, wonderful-wonder
4.adj去ly friendly-friend, weekly-week
5.以ent或ant结尾的形容词变ent或ant为ence或ance different-difference
6.adj去ese或n(表示国家的名词）Japanese-Japan, American-America
7.adj去ous dangerous-danger humorous-humor
8.adj去less careless-care hopeless-hope(共38张PPT)
中 考 总 复 习 语 法 专 题
名 词
Who has the best eyesight
名词是实词的一种，是指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词,名词分为普通名词和专有名词。
什么是名词(noun)？
名词属于中、高考中重要考点，考查的主要形式为单项选择题、完形填空、语法填空、完成句子、书面表达等。
名 词 中 考 考 点 探 究
名词的数
A
名词的量
B
名词所有格
C
名词词义的辨析
D
名词的数
考点一
a dictionary
two flowers
an NBA player
an MP3
an eraser
名词的数
名词分可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有（ ）和（ ）数的变化形式。a用于发音以（ ）音素开头的单词前，an用于发音以（ ）音素开头的单词前。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种。
单
复
辅音
元音
名词的数
名词单数变复数的规则
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s bags , kings ,
以-s , -sh , -ch , -x结尾的名词 词尾加-es buses , watches , wishes , boxes
以-o结尾的名词 词尾加-s或-es radios , heroes , potatoes
以-y结尾的名词 (1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es cities , babies
(2)以元音字母+y结尾的名词，加s days , boys
以f或fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为v，再加es knives , leaves
英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿加es
用所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Autumn is coming, look at the falling________(leaf)
2. I know one of the . (boy)
3. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
4. Are there any in the box (potato)
5. There are twelve in a year. (month)
6.Please give them their __ . (photo)
7.The _________(Parry) have had a happy life since then.
boys
glasses
potatoes
months
leaves
photos
注意：1.以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s,如toys，Parrys
2.以-th结尾的名词加-s,如months
Parrys
名词的数
（2）不规则名词复数
规则 常考例词
1.改变名词中的元音字母或词尾发生变化
man-men, woman-women,
tooth-teeth, foot-feet,
mouse-mice，child-children
中日鱼鹿羊，单复一个样
clothes, trousers, pants, shorts,
glasses(眼镜），scissors(剪刀）
people(人们）
class ,family, group, team,
Chinese, Japanese,fish,deer,sheep
2.常以复数形式出现
3.单复同形
4.集体名词既可以作单数（整体），又可以作复数（成员）
名词的数
（2）不规则名词复数
规则 例词
5.表示“某国人” Chinese,Japanese,
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
Americans, Germans,
7.the+姓氏+s 表一家人；
in the +数字+s,表年代，
in one's+整十数的复数：表某人几十岁的时候
6.合成名词
1）将主体名词变成复数
2）将两部分变成复数
the Greens（格林一家人）；
in the 1990s ;
in his twenties
中日不变英法变，
其他“s”加后边
two girl students
my sports shoes
some women doctors
( sports, man,woman)
名词的数
名词的数
beef success
information water
mouse cotton
happiness brush
wind hero
Challenge yourselves
advice soup
happiness wind
success beef
information cotton
名词的数
抽象名词
物质名词
不可数
名词
物质名词（如：weather ,
wind,milk,cotton,beef)
抽象名词（如：happiness, success, physics,knowledge)
(不能以数计算的事物的名词,没有复数)
不可数名词
知识小拓展：有些抽象名词可转化为可数名词，常见的有a strong wind, a heavy snow, a great success,a long history
名词的数
3.既可当可数又可当不可数的名词，但意义不同
例词 词义（不可数） 例词 词义（不可数）
chicken 鸡肉 chickens 鸡
fish 鱼肉 fishes 鱼(种类）
orange 橙汁 oranges 橙子
wood 木头 woods 森林
glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯
paper 纸张 papers 试卷，报纸
time 时间 times 倍数，次数
work 工作 works 作品
experience 经验 experiences 经历
room 空间 rooms 房间
名词的数
名词的量
考点二
1
只可修饰不可数名词的词或短语
只修饰可数名词的词或短语
修饰可数和不可数都可以
much ,a little, little,
a bit of
a (large/small)
number of,
many,
few, a few
some, any,
a lot of, plenty of,
enough，tons of
名词的量
2
3
a set of keys
a cup of tea
2.可用“数词+容器/计量单位+of---”表示名词的数量
名词的量
翻译短语，找规律
一条新闻_________________ 两盒牛奶_____________
3公斤苹果____________________ 4张纸_________________
一套故事书____________________
名词的量
小结：数词+容器/计量单位+of+名词也可表示名词的量。
数词大于1时，容器/计量单位要用（ ）数，of 后接的不可数名词用（ ）数，可数名词用（ ）数。
复
单
复
a piece of news
two boxes of milk
three kilos of apples
four pieces of paper
a set of story books
1.Two boxes of milk______(be) on the table.
2.The Russian soup and bread ____________(taste) very delicious.
3.A lot of rubbish ________________（throw） away everywhere.
4.The advice that the teacher gives me_____________(work)out
fine. I have made great progress.
5.Some bread with two apples________ (be) left on the table.
注意：不可数名词一般没有（ ）数形式，在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用（ ）数。一种不可数名词做主语时，谓语常用（ ）数；如果是两类不同的物用and连接做主语，谓语用（ ）数；数词+量词+of+不可数名词做主语时，如果数词大于1，谓语用（ ）数。
are
单
复
复
重难点突破
用所给词的适当形式填空
单
复
名词的量
is
taste
is thrown
works
名词所有格
考点三
表示“------”的
1. 's所有格的构成
1.单数名词在末尾________
2.复数名词（1）一般在末尾___ （2)不规则复数名词后______
3.以s结尾的人名所有格________
加's
加’
加's
加's
A's and B's
名词所有格
the teachers' room, the twins' mother
the children's toys, women's skirts
Charles's job,
Jane and Mary's father
4.两者共有
Jane's and Mary's fathers
5.两者分别拥有
A and B's
6.表示时间，距离，集体，国家，团体等名词可用’s 构成所有格，如：today's paper, the world's population, two hours' walk；也可转换为“数词—名词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而用单数形式（有”—“无s ）
We have ten minutes' break.=We have a ten-minute break.
the boy's father, Jack's book
2. of 所有格的用法
the name of of the boy, a photo of my family,
3.双重所有格形式：限定词+名词+of+所有格/名词性物主代词
a photo of me
名词所有格
a photo of mine
a student of mine
1._______desk is long and wide. They like it very much.
A. Sonia's and Jane's B. Sonia and Jane's
C. Sonia and Jane D.Sonia's and Jane
2. Every morning Mr.Smith takes a _________to his office.
A.20 minutes' walks B.20 minute's walk
C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk
3.Can you tell me who won the ________ 100-meter race
A.girl B.girls C.girl's D.girls'
4.The ________ parents are waiting for their teacher in the meeting room.
A.children B.childrens' C.children's D.childrens
重难点突破
B
D
名词所有格
D
C
直击中考
1.My uncle who lives in Shanghai has a lot of ____ to do every day, but he thinks his ________is meaningful.
A.work , job B.works, job C.works, jobs D.work, jobs
2. The fires from September 2019 to January 2020 in Australia have burned about 30% of the forests .As a result ,lots of animals have lost their___________.
A.home B.homes C.house D.houses
3.When the teacher came into the classroom,our monitor spoke in a loud_____,“stand up”.
A.noise B.voice C.sound D.noisy
语法填空
直击中考
A
B
B
几组常见易混淆名词辨析
例词 意义 运用
（1）work what heavy work
job an interesting job
（2) cook /
cooker /
（3) problem solve/deal with a~
question ask/answer a~
（4) sound the sound of water
voice in a loud voice
noise the noise outside
多指体力或脑力的努力或活动，不可数
多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，可数
厨师
厨具
客观上存在的等待解决的问题，困难，麻烦
人为主观上产生的需要解答或解释的问题
自然界的声音
人的嗓声
噪音
直击中考
几组常见易混淆名词辨析
例词 意义 运用
（5）home My home is near here.
house My house is large.
family My family is a happy one.
(6) advice offer/a piece of~
suggestion make a~/~s
家，包括住处和家
房子，住宅
家庭成员
不可数
有复数形式
直击中考
咱们来找茬
1.(2020宜昌）--The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.
--Sometimes small things can make a different.
2.(2020黄冈）Our hometown has left many soft memorize in our hearts.
3.(2020荆门）Celebrating Fathers' Day also makes fathers feel that their contributions(贡献）are acknowledged（认可）by their children and social.
4.(2020鄂州）Khan has three degrees from universities. He wants to use his knows to help more people. Thus, his courses are all offered for free.
society
knowledge
直击中考
memories
difference
warm- true-
2.adj 加ness
ill- kind-
1.adj加th或去e加th
3.adj 加ty或y
safe- difficult-
4. adj去le加ility
able- possible-
直击中考
warmth
truth
illness
kindness
safety
difficulty
possibility
名词变变变
形容词加后缀变名词
ability
名词变名词
art-artist, vilion-violinist
America-American, Europe-European
music-musician, history-historian
bank-banker, village-villager, farm-farmer
1. n.＋ist(表示从事---研究者）
2. n.＋n或an（表示---地方的人）
3. n.＋ian或去“y”＋ian(表示精通---的人）
4. n.＋er(表示从事某种职业的人或某地的人）
直击中考
.
动词变名词
1.V加er或or (表示做某事的人）
work-worker invent-inventor
2.V加ment
achieve-achievement agree-agreement
3.V加tion/ation/sion
decide-decision educate-education invent-invention
4.V加ance
appear-appearance perform-performance
5.V加ing
train-training say-saying
6.V加ure
press-pressure mix-mixture(混合物）
形容词变名词
7.adj去ous dangerous-danger humorous-humor
8.adj去less careless-care hopeless-hope
sunny-sun, healthy-health, lucky-luck
person-personal, natural-nature
colorful-color, wonderful-wonder
friendly-friend, weekly-week
diffenerent-difference, important-importance
1.adj去y(尤其是与天气有关的名词）
2.adj去al 或去al加e
3.adj去ful
4.adj去ly
5.以ent或ant结尾的形容词变ent或ant为ence或ance
6.adj去ese或n(表示国家的名词）
Japanese-Japan, American-America
直击中考
Yesterday, we had a ____________(discuss) about great __________
(invent). Among them, I thought Tomas Edison was the one that had the greatest ________________ (achieve). Although he didn't get lots of ___________________(educate), he sticked to his dream and never gave up. We are all in ________________(agree) that we should follow his _________________(example) and study hard.
语法填空试练兵
直击中考
discussion
inventors
achievements
education
agreement
example
Today, the increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile _________(phone) with their heads down. These people is called the “Heads-down Tribe”(低头族). Are you a heads-down tribe member Heads-down tribe_____________(member) now can be seen everywhere.
More and more traffic ____________(accidental) are happening because more drivers use mobile phones when they are driving. In order to make ___________ (drive) pay more attention to driving, some new traffic____________ （rule) have been made. For example, people who use mobile phones while driving in Taiwan are fined(处罚金) .
As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost money.
直击中考
语法填空(2020宜城）
phones
accidents
drivers
rules
members
Besides, more and more funny and strange ______________(fact)
happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”.
For example, we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. It’s _____________(stranger) that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun __________________(communication) with the others on the phone all the time.
Mobile phones are__________(help) and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad It depends
on how people use them. Let’s be ___________(health)users
and try not to be the “ Heads-up Tribe”.
直击中考
strange
helpful
healthy
communicating
facts
本课时重点回顾
一、名词的分类
二、名词的数
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化
2.不可数名词的数
三、名词的量
四、名词所有格
The stage extends as far as the heart goes！
