2013届高考英语三轮复习回扣语法 定语表示法备考探微

文档属性

名称 2013届高考英语三轮复习回扣语法 定语表示法备考探微
格式 zip
文件大小 17.1KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2012-10-24 22:04:27

图片预览

文档简介

2013届高考英语三轮复习回扣语法
定语表示法备考探微
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的,说明所修饰词的性质、特征及所属,限定或修饰名词(或代词)的句子成分。英语中常见作定语的有:名词、形容词、分词、动名词、动词不定式、数词、代词、副词、介词短语和从句等。现将其表示法归纳如下:   一、?名词作前置定语   名词作前置定语应注意:   1.?通常表示在以下几种情况。?   (1)?中心词的用途或功能:?a?milk?bottle,?eye?drops   (2)发生的时间:?an?evening?party,?birthday?card,?summer?vacation   (3)?处所:?Tsinghua?University,Tian?An?Men?Square,?Nanjing?Road   (4)?性别或身份:?a?boy?friend,?a?baby?kangaroo   (5)?性质或类别:?the?paper?tiger,?the?time?table   2.?man和woman作定语时应注意其单复数形式。   例a?man?doctor---men?doctors?男医生   a?woman?engineer---women?engineers?女工程师   3.?表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等的名词作定语可以用加’s所有格的形式。   例today’s?newspaper,?ten?minutes’?walk,?China’s?industry   4.?某些名词如sports,?goods,?clothes,?sales等作定语时只用复数。   例a?sports?car?一辆跑车   a?sales?manager?一位销售经理   5.?名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。   例girl?friend?女朋友---the?girl’s?friend?那位女孩的朋友   women?drivers?女司机---?the?woman’s?driver?那位妇女的司机   【精选习题】   1.?The_____?is?just?around?the?corner?and?you?won’t?miss?it.   A.?bicycle’s?shop?B.?bicycle?shop   C.?bicycle?shops?D.?bicycles’?shop   2.?He?dropped?the____?and?broke?it.   A.?cup?of?coffee?B.?coffee’s?cup   C.?cup?for?coffee?D.?coffee?cup   key?BD   注:名词作定语修饰另一名词,若前后两个名词都是人或物时,一般不用’s所有格形式。   例?My?brother?takes?care?of?the?vegetable?garden.   Today?country?music?has?returned.   二、分词作前置定语或后置定语   分词作定语时:   1.?应注意它与被修饰的名词之间的关系。现在分词与被修饰名词构成主谓关系;过去分词则与被修饰名词构成动宾关系。因此,现在分词带有主动和进行的意义,过去分词带有被动和完成的意义。   2.?一般地说,单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前作前置定语;分词短语作定语时,则放在被修饰的名词之后作后置定语。   例?a?developing?country?发展中国家   a?developed?country?发达国家   The?boy?singing?now?is?a?classmate?of?mine.   【精选习题】   1.?The?disc,?digitally?_________?in?the?studio,?sounded?fantastic?at?the?party?that?night.?   A.?recorded?B.?recording   C.?to?be?recorded?D.?having?recorded   2.?The?picture_____?on?the?wall?is?painted?by?my?nephew.?   A.?having?hung?B.?hanging   C.?hangs?D.?being?hung   3.?The?Olympic?Games,?_____in?776?B.C.,?did?not?include?women?players?until?1912.   A.?first?playing?B.?to?be?first?played   C.?first?played?D.?to?be?first?playing   key?ABC   三、动名词作前置定语   动名词和现在分词的形式一样,都由动词+ing构成,都可作定语,动名词所修饰的一般是物,表示所修饰名词的用途、性质或功能,具有名词的性质,它同所修饰的名词间不存在主谓关系。   例a?walking(为动名词)?stick=a?stick?which?is?used?for?walking   an?ironing(为动名词)?board=a?board?which?is?used?for?ironing   a?sleeping?(为现在分词)?boy=a?boy?who?is?sleeping?在睡觉的男孩   a?sleeping?(为动名词)?bag=a?bag?which?is?used?for?sleeping?睡袋   四、动词不定式作后置定语   动词不定式作定语应注意:   1.?表示将要发生的动作,有时根据句意需要加上介词,这时介词不能省略,因为被修饰的名词是它的宾语。   例The?farmers?thought?of?ways?to?protect?their?crops.   We?have?only?a?small?cold?room?to?live?in.   2.?用于修饰被序数词、最高级或no,?all,?any等限定的中心词。   例?Marie?Curie?became?the?first?woman?in?France?to?be?a?university?professor.   She?was?the?first?person?in?the?word?to?receive?two?Nobel?Prize.   He?was?the?best?man?to?do?the?job.   3.?根据不同的句意,不定式可用主动语态或被动语态。   例?Have?you?got?anything?to?post??(post的动作执行者是“你”)   Have?you?got?anything?to?be?posted?(post的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)   There?are?some?plates?to?wash?(to?be?washed).   【精选习题】   1.?I’m?going?to?the?supermarket?this?afternoon.?Do?you?have?anything______?   A.?to?be?buying?B.?to?buy   C.?for?buying?D.?bought   2.?She?will?tell?us?why?she?feels?so?strongly?that?each?of?us?has?a?role_______?in?making?the?earth?a?better?place?to?live.   A.?to?have?played?B.?to?play   C.?to?be?played?D.?to?be?playing   key?BB    五、形容词作前置定语或后置定语   1.?多个形容词修饰一个名词时,与该名词关系密切的、反应名词最本质的形容词最靠近该名词,一般排序如下:?限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形容词+?新旧、老幼形容词+?颜色+?国籍+?材料+?被修饰的名词。   2.?形容词修饰以-body,-one,-thing,-where结尾的复合不定代词,常作后置定语。   例?I?have?something?important?to?tell?you.   We?didn’t?meet?anybody?new?at?the?party.   3.?多数以a-开头的形容词,如afraid,?alive,?alone,?asleep,?awake,?ashamed,?alike等只能作后置定语。   例?Until?recently,?the?only?milu?deer?alive?in?the?world?belonged?to?the?Duke?of?Bedford?in?English.   【精选习题】   1.---How?was?your?recent?visit?to?Qingdao??   ---It?was?great.?We?visited?some?friends,?and?spent?the____?days?at?the?seaside.   A.?few?last?sunny?B.?last?few?sunny   C.?last?sunny?few?D.?few?sunny?last   2.?________students?are?required?to?take?part?in?the?boat?race.   A.?Ten?strong?young?Chinese   B.?Ten?Chinese?strong?young   C.?Chinese?ten?young?strong   D.?Young?strong?ten?Chinese   3.?John?Smith,?a?successful?businessman,?has?a?_______?car.?   A.?large?German?white?B.?large?white?German   C.?white?large?German?D.?German?large?white   4.?The? ?house?smells?as?if?it?hasn’t?been?lived?in?for?years.?   A.?little?white?wooden?B.?little?wooden?white   C.?white?wooden?little?D.?wooden?white?little   5.?This_______?girl?is?Linda’s?cousin.?   A.?pretty?little?Spanish?B.?Spanish?little?pretty   C.?Spanish?pretty?little?D.?little?pretty?Spanish   key?BABAA   六、数词作前置定语   数词作定语应注意:   1.?基数词与序数词连用时,序数词通常在前。   例?the?first?five?pages?of?the?book?这本书的前五页   2.?序数词前通常加定冠词the,表顺序,但也可以加不定冠词a/an,表示“又,再”。   例Try?a?second?time?and?you’ll?succeed.?再试一次,你会成功。   【精选习题】   1.?Many?students?signed?up?for?the______?race?in?the?sports?meeting?to?be?held?next?week.?   A.?800-metre-long? B.800-metres-long   C.?800?metre?length? D.800?metres?length   key?A   七、代词作前置定语   形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词修饰名词都作前置定语。   【精选习题】   1.?---Have?you?finished?your?report?yet?   ---No,?I’ll?finish?it?in_____?ten?minutes.?   A.?another?B.?other   C.?more?D.?less   2.?---Can?you?come?on?Monday?or?Tuesday?   ---I’m?afraid?day?is?possible.?   A.?either?B.?neither   C.?some?D.?any   key?AB   注:another和more的用法:another+数词+名词,而数词+more+名词。   八、副词作后置定语   副词修饰名词作定语时常后置,常见的副词如here,?there,?out,?up,?down,?home,?abroad,?together?等。   例?The?peasants?there?are?very?friendly.   I?met?Mr.?Wang?on?my?way?home.   九、介词短语作后置定语   介词短语修饰名词或代词只能作后置定语。   例?The?girl?in?a?red?coat?is?my?sister.   One?of?the?most?important?temples?in?danger?was?the?one?at?Abu?Symbol.   Nowhere?else?in?the?world?can?there?be?such?a?quiet,?beautiful?place.   十、从句作后置定语   高考题中对定语从句的考查越来越频繁,主要集中于:   (1)先行词的选择;   (下转29页)   (2)非限制性定语从句的判断及先行词的使用;   (3)定语从句与其他从句的区别。解题时应注意分析具体的语义、语境及句子结构,首先应判断先行词在句中担当何种成分,再选择不同的关系代词或副词。   【精选习题】   1.?There?are?two?buildings;?_____?stands?nearly?a?hundred?feet?high.   A.?the?larger?B.?the?larger?of?them   C.?the?larger?one?that?D.?the?larger?of?which   2.?The?place_______?the?bridge?is?supposed?to?be?built?should?be________the?cross-river?traffic?is?the?heaviest.?   A.?which,?where?B.?at?which,?which   C.?at?which,?where?D.?which,?in?which   3.?Great?changes?have?taken?place?in?that?school.?It?is?no?longer______?it?was?20?years?ago,?______?it?was?so?poorly?equipped.?   A.?what,?when?B.?that,?which   C.?what,?which?D.?which,?that   4.?His?sister?has?become?a?lawyer,?_____she?wanted?to?be.?   A.?who?B.?that   C.?what?D.?which   5.?There?were?dirty?marks?on?her?trousers____?she?had?wiped?her?hands.?   A.?where?B.?which   C.?when?D.?what   6.?____is?often?the?case,?we?have?work?out?the?production?plan.?   A.?Which?B.?When   C.?What?D.?As   key?DCADAD   注:as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中、句末,而which在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语,不能位于句首。   
同课章节目录