中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth . 重点知识归纳
Section A
litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾； 废弃物 =rubbish =garbage =trash garbage bin = trash can 垃圾箱
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 drop litter 丢垃圾
eg: You can’t drop litter in the garden .你不能在花园中扔垃圾。
litter+地+with sth 在某地乱扔某物
be littered with ...遍布（多指不好的东西）地点做主语
eg: He littered the floor with paper . 他把地板上扔得全是纸。
The floor was littered with paper . 地板上全是纸。
bottom n. 底部； 最下部 （反）top 顶部
throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔进河里
at the bottom of .... 在...底部
eg: There is a big hole at the bottom of the box . 在箱子底部有一个大洞。
at the bottom 在底部 the bottom of ... ...的底部
eg:The bottom of the river was full of litter . 河的底部满是垃圾。
at bottom 本质上； 实质上
eg: Although they offered to help , they thought about themselves at bottom. 尽管他们主动提出帮助，但实质上他们该是为了自己着想。
get to the bottom of .... 查明真相； 找出起因
from top to bottom 丛上到下 at the top of ... 在...顶端/顶部
on the top 在...上面
fisherman n. 渔民 fishermen (pl.)
fish (复数）fish 鱼种类（复数）fishes 鱼肉（不可数）
coal n. 煤； 煤块
ugly adj. 丑陋的 eg: She has an ugly face . 她有一张丑陋的脸。
advantage n. 优点； 有利条件； 优势 Un. 利益； 好处 disadvantage n. 不利条件； 缺点
have an/the advantage of .... 有...优势/好处 have a/the disadvantage of .. 有...不利条件/弊端
eg: She has an advantage of living near our school . 她有住得离学校近的好处。
take advantage of sb/sth 利用.../占..的便宜
eg: You should learn to take advantage of chances . 你应该学会利用时机。
the advantages of ... ...的优势/好处
cost cost (过） cost (过分） v.值...钱 ； 花费； n. 花费； 价钱
eg: The book casts me 5 yuan . 这部书花了5 元钱。
物+cost(s) =钱 某物值...钱
Eg:The car costs 1000 dollars . 这部车值1000美元。
It doesn’t cost anything . 它不花费任何东西。
wooden adj. 木制的； 木头的
eg: I’d like to buy some wooden furniture. 我想要买一些木制家具。
wood Un. 木头 woods 树林
takeaway Cn 外卖食物； 外卖餐馆 =takeaway food
have a takeaway 吃一顿外卖
bin n. 垃圾箱 rubbish /garbage bin 垃圾箱
throw rubbish in the bins 在垃圾箱扔垃圾
shark fin soup 鱼翅汤
cruel adj. 残酷的； 残忍的 be cruel to do sth 残忍的做某事
It’s cruel of sb to do sth 某人做某事是残忍的。
eg:It’s cruel of you to kill the animal 你杀死这个动物太残忍了。
=You’re cruel to kill the animal.
harmful adj. 有害的； 不利的 harmless adj. 无害的； 无恶意的
be harmful to ... 对...有害 =be bad for
eg：The air pollution is harmful to /bad for our health . 空气污染对我们健康有害。
It’s harmful for you to do sth . 某人做某事是有害的。
eg” It’s harmful for you to stay up every night . 对你来说，每天熬夜是有害的。
at the top of ... 在...顶部/顶端 at the bottom /end of 在...末端/尽头
at the foot of ... 在...脚下 top general 首席将军
from top to bottom 从上到下 on the top of .... 在...上面/上方
eg:He stands at the top /foot of the mountain 他站在山顶上/山脚下。
The cream is on top of the cake . 奶油在蛋糕上。
15 chain n. 链子； 链条 (in) the food chain (在）食物链
a chain of .... 一连串....
16 ecosystem n. 生态； 系统 ecology Un. 生态； 生态学 eco-food 生态食品 system Cn. 系统；体系； 制度
a system for /of .. ... 系统
17 law Cn. 法律； 法规 Un. 法 lawyer n. 律师 lawful adj. 合法的
break the law 违法 obey the law 遵守法律 go to law 去打官司
industry Un. 工业 industrial adj. 工业的
scientific adj. 科学的； 科学的 science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家
take part in 参加+n/pron/doing sth 参加大规模群众性集会/活动
join 参加团体/组织成为其中一员 join on 参加小规模游戏活动
eg:I’m going to take part in the big concert . 我打算参加大型音乐会。
afford v. 承担得起； 买得起 ； 常与can , could , be able to 等表示能力的词连用。
afford to do sth 负担得起； 承担得起做某事
eg:He can’t afford (to buy )a new car. 他不能负担得买辆新车。
reusable adj. 可重复使用的 usable adj. 可用的； 适用的 used adj. 用过的 user n. 用户； 使用者 useful adj. 有用的 useless adj. 无用的
pay for 付费 pay paid (过） paid (过分）
pay +钱+for sth 买..花...钱
eg:He paid 5 dollars for the dictionary .他买字典花了5美元。
pay for 付....的帐 eg:I’ll pay for the meal . 我将付这顿饭的帐。
人+spend +时间/金钱+on sth /（in）doing sth
物+cost +sb +钱 某物花费某人...钱
It takes /took/will take +sb+钱+to do sth 某人做某事花...钱/时间
turn off /up/down /on 关闭/调高/调低/打开
take action 采取行动
eg: We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action . 我们迫不及待地想采取行动。
take action to do sth 采取行动做某事
eg; They took action to put out the fire . 他们采取行动扑灭了火。
action n. 行动 act v. 行动 actor/actress 演员 active adj. 积极的 activity n. 活动
transportation n. 运输业； 交通运输 transport n./v. 运输；
public transportation 公共交通运输
eg:The coal is transported by trucks 煤被卡车运输。
take public transportation 乘公共交通工具
目标语言对话：
A：We’re trying to save the earth . Can you tell me about some of the environmental problems 我们正尽力拯救地球。你能告诉我一些关于环境问题的事情吗？
B：Yes. The river was really dirty . Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish . There were no more fish for fisherman to catch . 是的。河流很脏。 甚至河流的底部充满垃圾。不再有渔夫可抓的鱼。
A：The river used to be so clean . It has always been the nicest river in this town . What caused the problem 河流以前是那么干净。它已经是这个镇子最美的河流。什么造成这个问题 ？
B:I think people are throwing litter into the river .Factories are also putting waste into the river . 我认为人们一直往河里扔垃圾。工厂也把废料扔进河里。
A: How should the problem be solved ？问题应该怎么被解决 ？
B：We should write to the government and ask them to close down the factories . Everyone in this town should help to clean up the river. Everyone should play a part in cleaning it up .
我们应该给政府写信并且让他们关闭工厂。镇子里的每个人应该帮助打扫河流。 每个人应该有责任打扫它。
A: We can’t take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when we buy takeaway food. We can use the ones at home . 当我们买外卖食物时我们不能带走木头筷子和塑料叉子。我们能在家用。
B：And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone . 记住把垃圾扔到垃圾桶里和保持公共场所干净美丽。
A: The air has become really polluted around here . I’m getting very worried . 空气已经变得很大的污染。我很担心。
B：The air is badly polluted . I hardly ever see blue skies any more . I used to be able to see stars in the sky . 空气严重被污染。 我几乎不再看到蓝色的天空 。 我过去常能看到空中的星星。
A: What do you think has caused the problem 你认为什么造成这个问题 ？
B：The air is badly polluted because there are more cars on the road these days . Factories that burn coal also pollute the air with a lot of black smoke . 空气严重被污染因为目前有更多的车在马路上。 烧煤冒大量的工厂也污染空气。
A：What other problems do you see 你还看到别的问题了吗？
B：There is also too much rubbish and waste people are throwing away things everyday . They’re also littering in public places like parks . This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones . 也有大量人们每天正扔掉的垃圾和废料 。他们也在像公园这样的公共场所扔垃圾。这正把美丽的地方变成丑陋的地方。
A:What are your ideas for solving these problems 解决这些问题你的想法是什么 ？
B：To cut down air pollution , we should take the bus or subway instead of driving . There are many advantages of bike riding . It’s good for health and it doesn’t lose anything . 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公交或地铁而不是开车。有许多骑自行车的优点。它对健康有好处和也不失去任何东西。
A：Good idea ! So together our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future. 好主意 ！ 所以我们的行动能造成很大影响并引领更好的未来。
relate to 与...有关 =be related to
eg:The book relates to /is related to Chinese culture 这本书与中国文化有关。
relate v. 联系 related adj. 相关的； 有联系的 relation(ship) n. 联系； 关系
pollute v. 污染 pollution n. 污染； 污染物 polluted adj. 受污染的
throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔进河里
waste v. 浪费； 滥用 n. 浪费物; 废弃物
put waste int the river 把废物丢入河里
人+waste time/money on sth 在...方面浪费时间/金钱
（in）doing sth 做某事浪费时间/金钱
eg:I don’t think we should waste time on this work . 我认为我们不应该把时间浪费在这份工作上。
I’ve wasted a lot of time using the Internet .我们已经浪费大量时间在网络上。
It’s a waste of time /money to do /doing sth 做....是浪费时间/金钱
eg:It’s a waste of money buying /to buy this book 买这本书是在浪费钱 。
write to sb =write a letter to sb =write sb a letter 给某人写信
close down =shut down 关门； 停业
eg:The government asked them to shut down the factory . 政府让他们把工厂停业。
be close to doing sth 接近做成某事
clean up the river 清理河流
play/do a part in sth /doing sth 参与到做某事中
eg:Why not play a part in their discussion /discussing questions 为什么不参与讨论呢？
Everyone should play a part in saving the earth . 每个人应该参与拯救地球。
play a part in (doing)sth =play a role in (doing) sth 在...中发挥作用/扮演角色
eg:China plays a more and more important part/role in the world 中国在全世界扮演越来越重要的角色。
in public places 在公共场所 in public 当众； 公开
eg:I’ll announce the news in public . 我将会当众宣布这个消息。
in the sky 在天空中 on the road 在马路上
the idea of /for .... .... 的想法/主张
cut down 削减； 减少； 砍倒 cut down air pollution 减少空气污染 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断 cut ....into (small) pieces 把...切成片
waste pollution 废弃物污染
bring a bag to go shopping 自带包去购物
make a difference 起作用； 产生影响 make no difference to 对...不起作用； 无影响
eg：His words made a great difference to my life . 他的话对我生活产生重大影响。
lead to a better future 创造更美好的未来
shark fin soup 鱼翅汤
in southern China =in the south of China 在中国南方
a bowl of..... 一碗... a large /small /medium bowl of 一大/小/中碗...
throw the shark back into the ocean 将鲨鱼扔回海洋
in the ocean’s ecosystem 在海洋生态系统中
drop too low 降到太低 drop by 顺便拜访
bring danger to all ocean life 将危险带给所有海洋生物
endangered animals 濒危动物 danger n. 危险 danger of (doing ) (做）...的危险 be in danger 处于危险中
eg:He is in danger of being killed . 他处于将被杀的危险中
dangerous adj. 危险的
in this industry 在这个工业/行业中
the number of +n(复数） 谓语动词用单数 .....的数量
a number of +n(复数） 谓语用复数 许多
some kinds of ... 一些种类的 many /all /different kinds of 不同种类的...
a kind of .... 一种....
fall by 下降了 fall to 下降到 rise /increase by 上升了... rise/increase to 上升到
eg:The height of the mountain has fallen by 50 meters 这座山的高度下降了50m
the numbers of +n(复数） 谓语用复数 ....的数量（数目不唯一）
eg:The numbers of these classes have increased .这些班级的数目已经增加了。
具体数字+percent of +限定词 +n(单数/不可数名词 ） 谓语用单数
n(复数名词) 谓语用复数 百分之多少的.....
eg:Thirty percent of the students play computer games . 百分之三十的学生玩电脑游戏。
Forty percent of the time is free . 百分之四十的时间是自由的。
in the last /past 20 to 30 years 在过去的20到30年里
environmental protection groups 环保组织
environment pollution 环境污染 natural environment 自然环境
environmental project 环境工程
the public 公众； 大众做主语谓语动词单复数均可
eg:The public doesn’t believe him anymore . 公众不再相信他了。
58 so far 到目前为止（现在完成时的时间状语）
完成时：already ; yet ; recently , lately , so far , just , ever , never , once , twice , for+时间段 since +时间点 since +时间+ago in the last /past .....years. since+一般过去时的句子
59 scientific studies 科学研究
consider sb/sth 考虑人/物 consider doing sth 考虑做某事 consider sb to be /as +n/adj. 认为某人/物是.... consider sb/sth doing 认为sb/sth正在....
done 认为sb/sth被....
save electricity 省电
add to 增加 ； 添加
eg:Travel can add to your experience 旅行能增长你的阅历。
add....to.... 把...加入...之中 add up 加起来 add up to 总计达 ...
eg:Please add up these numbers 请把这些数字加起来。
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Unit 13 Section A 要点集训
句意填词 根据所给句子，填入一个适当的单词，使句意完整
Don’t throw l______ everywhere . We should keep our classroom clean .
We can clearly see fish swimming at the b______ of the river .
The girl seldom goes outside because of an u _______ scar (伤疤）on her face .
Smoking is h______ to your health . You must give it up .
I am afraid I can’t _____ the doctor’s fee. It’s too expensive .
The book I bought yesterday c______ me six dollars .
We used to burn c______ to warm ourselves . But it may produce CO, which is dangerous to us .
We should use cloth bags instead of paper or p_____ bags .
The tourist i______ is developing rapidly in China .
As we know , sharks are ______ the top of the food chain .
My uncle is a f_______ who works at sea and catches fish .
Peter just bought some t______ food from KFC. He was in a hurry .
语法填空 用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
Uncle Tom lives in an amazing ______ (wood) house near the forest.
Second -hand smoking really does _____ (harmful) to people’s health .
We are now encouraged to take ______ (reuse ) bags when we go shopping .
______ (science) discoveries play a part in the development of the world .
One of the ______ (advantage ) of bike riding is that it is good for people’s health .
Everyone should take an active part in ___ (protect) our environment .
I think the government should develop ______ (law) to stop people from killing wild animals .
I just paid for a new car , so I can’t afford ____ (buy) those expensive clothes and toys.
So together , our actions can make a ______ (different ) and lead to a better future !
Mary ______ (take) part in the English speech contest , and won the first prize .
III 单项选择 从每题所给的三个选项中，选出一个正确的答案。
( ) 1. To avoid overfishing , ______ in this area stop fishing for one month every year .
directors B. fishermen C. presidents
( ) 2. Some people choose not to eat meat because they think it’s ______ to eat animals .
creative B. fair C. cruel
( ) 3. A little wine will not be ____ to your health . Just don’t drink too much .
helpful B. helpless C. harmful
( ) 4. -Don’t keep the water running while brushing your teeth .
-Sorry , I forgot to ______ .
turn off it B. turn it on C . turn it off
( ) 5. -Jessica , why are you still here They are all ready to start .
-I’m sorry , but I ____ when to start .
don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. wasn’t told
( ) 6. -Do you ant to eat here
-No. Just fish and chips to ______ , please .
put away B.take away C. send away
( ) 7. Our country is taking action to ______ air pollution .
cut down B. cut up C. cut out
( ) 8. You ______ stop when the traffic light turns red .
can B. had better C. must
( ) 9. My sister likes reading and buying books _____ her lots of money .
spends B .takes C. costs
( ) 10. When Tim _____ why he was late for school , he just kept silent .
was asked B. asked C. was asking
( ) 11. -Why doesn’t she wear her school uniform
-Because she thinks it is ______ .
easy B. difficult C. ugly
( ) 12. -These sharks’ fins were _____ by the fisherman .
-How cruel!
.turned off B. taken off C. cut off
( ) 13. I’m expecting a digital camera fro long , but Dad has no time to buy _____ for me .
it B. one C . this
( ) 14. -This Sunday we are going to ______ the football match .
-I love sports and I can’t wait to enjoy the exciting moment .
take part in B. take pride in C. take in
( ) 15. We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger .
not leave B. not to leave C. leave
IV 补全对话 根据所给对话，填写适当的内容，使其完整、正确，每空词数不限 。
A：Hi , Wang Ning ! I didn’t see you yesterday . 1. _________________________
B: Oh. I went to the cinema and saw a film .
A: 2. ________________________________
B: It’s about animals .
A: 3. _____________________________
B: It was wonderful . But it also made me very sad.
A: Did you learn a lot from the film
B: 4. _____________________________ .I learned a lot about the endangered animals . We can’t see most of them on the earth today .
A: Sorry to hear that .
B: I think we should do something to save them . Let’s join the Love Animal Club first .
A: 5. ________________________ . I think the club must be helpful and interesting .
B: Then we should do it as soon as possible .
A: OK.
参考答案
1. litter 2. bottom 3. ugly 4. harmful 5. afford 6. cost 7. coal 8. plastic 9. industry 10. at 11. fisherman 12. takeaway
1. wooden 2. harm 3. reusable 4. Scientific 5. advantages 6. protecting 7. laws 8. to buy 9. difference 10. took
1-5 BCCCC 6-10 BACCA 11-15 CCBAB
1. Where did you go
What’s the film /it about
How was it /the film.
Yes /Sure /Of course /Certainly
That sounds good /Sounds like a good idea /Good idea
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