人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course课后作业（Word版含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course课后作业（Word版含解析） |  | |
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UNIT4Adversity and courage
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词
1．She was even less about going to Spain.
2．The team leader has tasks to all the groups.
3．They looked with (羡慕) at her latest purchase.
4．In 1912，the Titanic on her maiden voyage.
5． (不幸地)，no one took my messages seriously.
6．The police carried out a investigation.
7．She in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
8．You may be stuck with a (痛苦的) existence for the rest of your life.
9．The man abandoned his wife and child.
10．It was (自私的) of him to leave all the work to you.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first rate photo journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian built three master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a one time British merchant navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.
1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley.
B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott.
D．Caroline Alexander.
3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
B
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe.In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men.Fourteen months later，after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)，he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan.In November 1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued，hoping to reach Asia.But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation.While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battles.The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain.They decided to sail round Africa.After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving.They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.However，their achievement was great.They were the first men to sail round the world.
4．What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition
A．To sail round the world.
B．To find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C．To make a voyage to Asia.
D．To carry men to Philippines.
5．When was the Strait of Magellan discovered
A．In August 1519. B．In October 1520.
C．In November 1520. D．In October 1519.
6．What's the best title for this passage
A．The Discovery of Magellan
B．The Discovery of the Philippines
C．The Most Dangerous Expeditions in Navigation
D．The First Sailing Round the World
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day，would you still get results？I think you would. 1
When you're working toward a goal，in fact you are saying，“Although I'm not good enough，I will work hard to reach my goal.Once I achieve my goal，then I'll be successful and happy.”That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. 2 Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year？Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.
You may think your goal will keep you motivated(有积极性的)over the long term，but that's not always true. 3 Many people will work hard for months，but as soon as they finish the race，they will stop training.Their goal is to finish the half marathon.And now that they have completed it，that goal is no longer there to motivate them.When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal，what is left to push you forward after you achieve it？This can create a type of “yo yo effect”． 4 This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.
Goals can provide directions and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well designed course of action will always win. 5 Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
A．Having a course of action is what matters.
B．Consider someone training for a half marathon.
C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.
D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.
E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action
F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.
G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词
1．She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.
2．The team leader has assigned tasks to all the groups.
3．They looked with envy(羡慕) at her latest purchase.
4．In 1912，the Titanic sank on her maiden voyage.
5．Unfortunately(不幸地)，no one took my messages seriously.
6．The police carried out a thorough investigation.
7．She persevered in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
8．You may be stuck with a miserable(痛苦的) existence for the rest of your life.
9．The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.
10．It was selfish(自私的) of him to leave all the work to you.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first rate photo journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian built three master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a one time British merchant navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生了海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。
1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
D [细节理解题。由题干中的“the photos taken by Hurley”定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故A项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故D项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故B项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故C项错误。]
2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley.
B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott.
D．Caroline Alexander.
C [推理判断题。由题干中的“reached the South Pole first”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。]
3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
C [细节理解题。题干中的Alexander在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选C项。]
B
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe.In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men.Fourteen months later，after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)，he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan.In November 1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued，hoping to reach Asia.But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation.While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battles.The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain.They decided to sail round Africa.After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving.They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.However，their achievement was great.They were the first men to sail round the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了麦哲伦环球航行的故事。
4．What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition
A．To sail round the world.
B．To find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C．To make a voyage to Asia.
D．To carry men to Philippines.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.”可知，麦哲伦航行是为了寻找一条到亚洲的海路。]
5．When was the Strait of Magellan discovered
A．In August 1519. B．In October 1520.
C．In November 1520. D．In October 1519.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，麦哲伦1519年8月出发，十四个月后发现了麦哲伦海峡，即1520年10月。]
6．What's the best title for this passage
A．The Discovery of Magellan
B．The Discovery of the Philippines
C．The Most Dangerous Expeditions in Navigation
D．The First Sailing Round the World
D [标题归纳题。通读全文并根据最后一段最后两句可知，麦哲伦的探险队队员是世界上第一批环球航行的人。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day，would you still get results？I think you would. 1
When you're working toward a goal，in fact you are saying，“Although I'm not good enough，I will work hard to reach my goal.Once I achieve my goal，then I'll be successful and happy.”That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. 2 Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year？Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.
You may think your goal will keep you motivated(有积极性的)over the long term，but that's not always true. 3 Many people will work hard for months，but as soon as they finish the race，they will stop training.Their goal is to finish the half marathon.And now that they have completed it，that goal is no longer there to motivate them.When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal，what is left to push you forward after you achieve it？This can create a type of “yo yo effect”． 4 This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.
Goals can provide directions and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well designed course of action will always win. 5 Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
A．Having a course of action is what matters.
B．Consider someone training for a half marathon.
C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.
D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.
E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action
F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.
G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。人们常说，要成功，首先要树立目标。但本文告诉我们比起树立目标，拥有精心设计的行动方案可能更重要。
1．G [下文解释了为什么我们应该关注行动方案而不是目标。而G选项“让我们来谈谈为什么你应该关注行动方案而不是目标”起到了承上启下的作用。]
2．D [根据本空后的例子可知，此处谈及设立目标会让我们承担很大的负担。D选项符合该语境。]
3．B [本空后的内容提到，当人们参加完半程马拉松后，就会停止训练，因为他们的目标已达成。这些正是对选项B “考虑一下参加半程马拉松训练的人”的进一步说明。]
4．F [本空是对上句中的a type of “yo yo effect”进行说明。这种悠悠球效应是指人们在某个目标上对要不要努力而摇摆不定。]
5．A [本空与上句构成顺承关系，即真正重要的要有一项行动方案。]
PAGE
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词
1．She was even less about going to Spain.
2．The team leader has tasks to all the groups.
3．They looked with (羡慕) at her latest purchase.
4．In 1912，the Titanic on her maiden voyage.
5． (不幸地)，no one took my messages seriously.
6．The police carried out a investigation.
7．She in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
8．You may be stuck with a (痛苦的) existence for the rest of your life.
9．The man abandoned his wife and child.
10．It was (自私的) of him to leave all the work to you.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first rate photo journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian built three master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a one time British merchant navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.
1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley.
B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott.
D．Caroline Alexander.
3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
B
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe.In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men.Fourteen months later，after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)，he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan.In November 1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued，hoping to reach Asia.But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation.While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battles.The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain.They decided to sail round Africa.After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving.They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.However，their achievement was great.They were the first men to sail round the world.
4．What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition
A．To sail round the world.
B．To find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C．To make a voyage to Asia.
D．To carry men to Philippines.
5．When was the Strait of Magellan discovered
A．In August 1519. B．In October 1520.
C．In November 1520. D．In October 1519.
6．What's the best title for this passage
A．The Discovery of Magellan
B．The Discovery of the Philippines
C．The Most Dangerous Expeditions in Navigation
D．The First Sailing Round the World
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day，would you still get results？I think you would. 1
When you're working toward a goal，in fact you are saying，“Although I'm not good enough，I will work hard to reach my goal.Once I achieve my goal，then I'll be successful and happy.”That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. 2 Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year？Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.
You may think your goal will keep you motivated(有积极性的)over the long term，but that's not always true. 3 Many people will work hard for months，but as soon as they finish the race，they will stop training.Their goal is to finish the half marathon.And now that they have completed it，that goal is no longer there to motivate them.When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal，what is left to push you forward after you achieve it？This can create a type of “yo yo effect”． 4 This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.
Goals can provide directions and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well designed course of action will always win. 5 Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
A．Having a course of action is what matters.
B．Consider someone training for a half marathon.
C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.
D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.
E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action
F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.
G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词
1．She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.
2．The team leader has assigned tasks to all the groups.
3．They looked with envy(羡慕) at her latest purchase.
4．In 1912，the Titanic sank on her maiden voyage.
5．Unfortunately(不幸地)，no one took my messages seriously.
6．The police carried out a thorough investigation.
7．She persevered in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
8．You may be stuck with a miserable(痛苦的) existence for the rest of your life.
9．The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.
10．It was selfish(自私的) of him to leave all the work to you.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first rate photo journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian built three master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a one time British merchant navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生了海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。
1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
D [细节理解题。由题干中的“the photos taken by Hurley”定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故A项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故D项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故B项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故C项错误。]
2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley.
B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott.
D．Caroline Alexander.
C [推理判断题。由题干中的“reached the South Pole first”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。]
3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
C [细节理解题。题干中的Alexander在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选C项。]
B
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe.In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men.Fourteen months later，after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)，he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan.In November 1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued，hoping to reach Asia.But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation.While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battles.The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain.They decided to sail round Africa.After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving.They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.However，their achievement was great.They were the first men to sail round the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了麦哲伦环球航行的故事。
4．What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition
A．To sail round the world.
B．To find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C．To make a voyage to Asia.
D．To carry men to Philippines.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.”可知，麦哲伦航行是为了寻找一条到亚洲的海路。]
5．When was the Strait of Magellan discovered
A．In August 1519. B．In October 1520.
C．In November 1520. D．In October 1519.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，麦哲伦1519年8月出发，十四个月后发现了麦哲伦海峡，即1520年10月。]
6．What's the best title for this passage
A．The Discovery of Magellan
B．The Discovery of the Philippines
C．The Most Dangerous Expeditions in Navigation
D．The First Sailing Round the World
D [标题归纳题。通读全文并根据最后一段最后两句可知，麦哲伦的探险队队员是世界上第一批环球航行的人。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day，would you still get results？I think you would. 1
When you're working toward a goal，in fact you are saying，“Although I'm not good enough，I will work hard to reach my goal.Once I achieve my goal，then I'll be successful and happy.”That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. 2 Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year？Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.
You may think your goal will keep you motivated(有积极性的)over the long term，but that's not always true. 3 Many people will work hard for months，but as soon as they finish the race，they will stop training.Their goal is to finish the half marathon.And now that they have completed it，that goal is no longer there to motivate them.When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal，what is left to push you forward after you achieve it？This can create a type of “yo yo effect”． 4 This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.
Goals can provide directions and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well designed course of action will always win. 5 Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
A．Having a course of action is what matters.
B．Consider someone training for a half marathon.
C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.
D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.
E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action
F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.
G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。人们常说，要成功，首先要树立目标。但本文告诉我们比起树立目标，拥有精心设计的行动方案可能更重要。
1．G [下文解释了为什么我们应该关注行动方案而不是目标。而G选项“让我们来谈谈为什么你应该关注行动方案而不是目标”起到了承上启下的作用。]
2．D [根据本空后的例子可知，此处谈及设立目标会让我们承担很大的负担。D选项符合该语境。]
3．B [本空后的内容提到，当人们参加完半程马拉松后，就会停止训练，因为他们的目标已达成。这些正是对选项B “考虑一下参加半程马拉松训练的人”的进一步说明。]
4．F [本空是对上句中的a type of “yo yo effect”进行说明。这种悠悠球效应是指人们在某个目标上对要不要努力而摇摆不定。]
5．A [本空与上句构成顺承关系，即真正重要的要有一项行动方案。]
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