2022年中考英语语法专题一名词

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名称 2022年中考英语语法专题一名词
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更新时间 2021-12-21 14:31:52

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语法专题一名词-可数名词
规则变化
1| 一般情况在词尾加-s,例词:pen-pens,doctor-doctors,boy-boys
2| 在以-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后面加-es,例词:bus-buses,dish-dishes,box-boxes
3| 将-f或-fe变为v再加-es,例词:knife-knives,leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves
3|以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加s,例词:roof(屋顶)-roofs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs
4| 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加-es,例词:family-families,story-stories
5| 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,只加-s,例词:boy-boys,day-days,toy-toys
6| 以辅音字母加o结尾的名加-es,(中考常见4个)tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,
hero-heroes,negro-negroes(黑人)
顺口溜巧记:
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词变复数,常见词尾加-es的词有四个,即tomato, potato, hero, negro(黑人)四个词,我们可以这样记:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和 马铃薯(potato)。
2.以f(e)结尾的名词变复数,需要把-f(e)改为v,再加-es,常见的有9个,它们分别是wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf可以这样记:
妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架子(shelf)后保护自己(self)的命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
3.由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同。如:myself→ourselves, yourself→yourselves。
不规则变化
1.单复数形式相同:sheep,fish,deer等以及汉语中的计量单位如jin(斤),yuan(元)
2.只有复数形式:glasses(眼镜),trousers,pants, shorts,clothes(衣服)
3.一些集体名词总是用作复数:people,police,staff
4.部分集体名词既可作单数(整体),也可作复数(成员):class,family,team,group
5.复数形式表示特别含义:times(时代),papers(报纸),looks(外表),sands(沙滩),manners(礼貌)
6.改变名词中的元音字母:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice
7.词尾发生变化:child-children;ox-oxen
8.合成名词-主体名词变复数:girl students
合成名词-两部分都变复数:men teachers
9.表示国籍,即“某国人”- 单复数同形:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
表示国籍,即“某国人”- 直接加-s:Germans,Americans,Australians,Canadians,Indians
表示国籍,即“某国人”- -man,-woman结尾的,改为-men,-women
Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen
10.有些名词虽然以-s结尾却表示单数,如:news,grass,physics,politics等。
语法专题一名词-不可数名词
不可数名词的类别:
物质名词,表示无法分为个体的物质或实物,如:water,time,air等。
抽象名词,表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念,如:happiness,honesty(诚实)等。
不可数名词的量:
常见的不可数名词有:music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,practice,progress等。它们不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用,没有复数形式。但可以借助量词来表示数量,即“量词+名词”,little,a little,much,a large/small amount of,a great deal of+不可数名词some,any,plenty of,enough,a lot of/lots of+可数/不可数名词。
如:a piece of paper,a glass of water,two bowls of rice。
常用搭配:a piece of paper / news / bread / meat / advice / information / chalk。
常见短语:a bottle of,a cup of coffee,a drop of water,two pieces of,a pair of.…
注意:有些名词既可做可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:
名词 用作可数 用作不可数 名词 用作可数 用作不可数
paper 试卷,报纸 纸 light 灯 光
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橘子 橘子汁
语法专题一名词-名词所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系。
’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
1.单数名词加 ’s:my dad's dog, Tom's car等。
2.以s结尾的复数名词加 ’:the teachers' office, her parents' bedroom等。
3.不以s结尾的复数名词加 ’s:Children's Day,people's life等。
4.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加 's:Mary and Peter's desk 两人共用的桌子
5.表示两人各自拥有,在各个名词后加 's:Mary's and Lucy's rooms两人各自的房间
6.表示某家、店铺等处所,所有格后名词可以省略:my aunt's(house),in the shoe's(shop)
注意:表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,也可以用’s所有格。如:
today's newspaper今天的报纸,the world's biggest problem世界最大的问题,an hour's walk/ride一小时的路程,eight days' holiday=an eight-day holiday八天的假期。等等
of所有格主要用于无生命的名词,
如:the gate of the school,a window of the room房间的窗子或者是名词或名词的定语较长,如:the death of Dr. Norman Bethune诺尔曼·白求恩大夫的死。等等
双重所有格 双重所有格的构成形式:
名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格
如:a teacher of mine/his/hers/yours/ours/theirs我的/他的/她的/你的/我们的/他们的一位老师
some friends of my father's我父亲的几个朋友
注意:有些名词是用介词to来表示所有格。
如:the key to the door门的钥匙,the way to school学校的路,the answer to the question问题的答案
练习(真题):
( )1. Hurry up!Some _____ and are on sale in the supermarket.
A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs
( )2. -Look!They are _____. -Yes.We are proud of them.
A.man scientist B.women scientists C.woman scientists D.man scientists
( )3. We should brush our _____ every day.
A.tooth B.teeth C.hand D.hands
( )4. The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me _____.
A.many advice B.some advice C.an advice D.some advices
( )5. -Can I help you,Madam? -Yes. ______,please.
A.Two pair of socks B.Two pairs of socks C.Two pairs of sock D.Two pair of sock
( )6. What else do we need to make cold beef? -________.
A.Two spoons salt B.Two spoons of salts C.Two spoons of salt D.Two spoons salts
( )7. -Whose jacket are those? -They are ______. They said they lost them yesterday.
A.ours B.Li Lei and Li Tao's C.Li Lei's and Li Tao's D.their brothers
( )8. After playing football for more than half an hour,the students took _____ rest.
A.a few minute's B.a little minute's C.a few minutes 'D.a little minutes'
( )9. Upstairs are _____ bedrooms.They are tidy and nice.But are in a mess.
A.Lily's and Lucy's;our B.Lily's and Lucy's;ours
C.Lily's and Lucy;ours D.Lily and Lucy's;our
( )10.The three _____ upstairs are too small to have enough _____ for a double bed.
A. room; room B. room; rooms C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms