(共37张PPT)
Types of
Sentences
ALAN
Learning Aims
Be able to know the types of sentences.
Learn the Tag Questions.
Learn the Exclamatory Sentences.
简单句
(Simple Sentences)
并列句
(Compound Sentences)
复合句
(Complex Sentences)
按结构分
简单句(Simple Sentences)
5大简单句型
1、主谓句
2、主谓宾句
3、主系表句
4、主谓双宾句
5、主谓宾补句
并列句(Compound Sentences)
包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,
分句由并列连词 and , then, but, or, so, for,
while, when; both...and, either...or...,
neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as
等来连接。
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
复合句(Complex Sentences)
由一个主句和一个及以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句,从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等
What they had seen there impressed them deeply. (主语从句)
他们在那儿看到的一切给他们留下了深刻的印象。
并列复合句(CompoundComplex Sentences)
含有一个或一个以上从句的并列句叫做并列复合句。
He went to the bookstore for the reference books that the professor recommended, but they were sold out. 他到书店去买教授推荐的参考书,但是已经卖完了。
按使用目的分
陈述句
(Declarative Sentences)
疑问句
(Interrogative
Sentences)
祈使句
(Imperative Sentences)
感叹句
(Exclamatory Sentences)
陈述句(Declarative Sentences)
用来阐述观点、说明事实或表明看法、态度等.
Light travels faster than sound.
光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather boring.
这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)
一般疑问句(General Questions)
特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions)
选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
一般疑问句(General Questions)
(1)用Yes或No来回答的疑问句。
(2)常以 be 动词, 助动词 , 情态动词开头。
Can you finish the work in time
你能按时完成工作吗?
特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions)
以特殊疑问词开头再加上一般疑问问。
Where do you live 你住那儿?
Who is on duty today 今天谁值日?
常见特殊疑问词
where 哪里
what 什么
which 哪个
when 何时
who 谁
whose 谁的
why 为何
how 怎样
选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)
由or连接两个问句或问句中二个相似的成分,表示选择。
Shall we go home or stay here for the night
我们回家还是在这儿过夜
Do you want tea or coffee
你是要茶还是要咖啡
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句(tag)组成。 其中附加疑问句(tag)是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
如陈述句是肯定的,附加疑问句就用否定;
如陈述句是否定的,附加疑问句就用肯定。
前肯后否
前否后肯
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
用 法
1) 陈述部分I am时,疑问部分要用 aren’t I.
I’m as tall as your sister,aren’t I
2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。如: The old man made no answer, did he
Jim is never late for school, is he
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
3) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn’t it
陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don’t they (doesn’t he )
Nobody knows about it, do they (does he )
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
4) think引导的宾语从句:
A.主语是第一人称则疑问部分随从句:
I don't think he is bright, is he
We believe she can do it better, can’t she
B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分随主句:
He thought they were wrong, didn’t he
(不能说weren't they )
一随从句
二三随主
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
5) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don’t do that again, will you
Go with me, will you / won’t you
Let’s 开头的祈使句,后用shall we
而Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)
6) 陈述部分是“there be”结构的,疑问部分用there。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there
There will not be any trouble, will there
7) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he
回答反意疑问句:
对事实本身进行对错判断。
说人话即:不管怎么问,事实是对的就Yes,事实不对就No。
回答反意疑问句:
Alan is a teacher, isn’t he
Alan isn’t a teacher, is he
Yes, he is.
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。
1. 肯定的祈使句
①句型:动词原形+其他成分。
Be careful! 小心!
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
② “Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
Do study hard.
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Close the door, please. 请关门。
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
2. 否定的祈使句
①常用句型:Don’t+动词原形+其他成分。
Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了!
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
②用Never开头:Never+动词原形+其他成分。
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!
今日事今日毕
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
3. Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句,表示陈述和建议。 其否定形式有两种:Let...not 或 Don’t...
Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。
Don’t let the boy play football in the street.
不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪,由what或how引导,句末用感叹号。
考点:选择引导词How 或 What
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
例:
__________ happy they are.
__________ happy students they are.
What
How
Step 1:找
句子主谓(系)
Step 2:删
删掉主谓(系)及以后
Step 2:判
最后一词的词性
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
形容词/副词:
How
名词:
What
名词复数/不可数名词
What
可数名词单数:
What a/an
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
例:__________ happy
__________ happy students
they are.
How
they are.
What
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
例:__________ clean water
__________ interesting book
it is.
What
What an
it is.
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
_______ excited the boy was when he saw his mother coming.
A. How a B. What a
C. What D. How
D
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
_______ pretty girl she looks in the pink dress.
A. How a B. What a
C. What D. How
B
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
_______ time flies !
A. How a B. What a
C. How D. What
C